CN116392526B - 一种具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂提取物制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂提取物制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116392526B CN116392526B CN202310313097.0A CN202310313097A CN116392526B CN 116392526 B CN116392526 B CN 116392526B CN 202310313097 A CN202310313097 A CN 202310313097A CN 116392526 B CN116392526 B CN 116392526B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂果实提取物及其制备与应用,属于天然活性化合物技术领域。本黄山楂多酚提取物为从黄山楂中提取的天然有效成分,所述制备方法包括醇提浓缩和固相萃取技术,制备步骤简单易操作,且耗时短,对环境污染小。经活性试验发现,所述黄山楂果实提取物能够显著抑制α‑葡萄糖苷酶活性,可用于制备α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,对山楂资源的深入研究与进一步开发利用具有重大的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及天然活性化合物技术领域,具体涉及一种具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂果实提取物的制备方法与应用。
背景技术
山楂是蔷薇科苹果亚科山楂属植物,俗称山里红、红果、胭脂果。山楂在我国种植历史悠久,已有1700余年的历史。近年来随着人们生活品质的提升和保健意识的增强,具有良好药用价值及保健功效的“药食同源”佳果——山楂再次受到人们的广泛关注,山楂产业也正在逐步复苏,面临新的机遇和挑战。山楂品种老化是目前山楂产业面临的首要问题之一,山楂品种结构不平衡,不能满足人们对于山楂鲜食、加工和入药的不同需求。
随着山楂市场的回暖,市场对山楂的需求日益增加且呈现多元化。基于此,我国各山楂产区以嫁接和实生繁殖山楂为主,通过自然和人工选育,致力于培育新的山楂品种资源。目前已取得一定成效,培育了一批适应性强、产量高的山楂新品种。然而,因缺乏对所培育新品种、野生种、特色品种等山楂果实功能因子挖掘、健康效应解析的研究,极大地限制了不同山楂“因品种制宜”的开发利用。
近几十年来,随着人们生活方式和生活条件的改变,糖尿病及其并发症的发病率急剧上升,现已成为一个严峻的全球性健康问题。糖尿病是一种以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,长期的高血糖会导致患者体内代谢紊乱,引起肥胖、高血脂、高血压等多种代谢综合征的发生。目前,糖尿病的高患病率对各国尤其是中低收入国家造成了严重的社会和经济负担。因此,亟需采取有效的防治措施控制糖尿病等代谢综合征的快速发展。
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂已被推荐作为治疗糖尿病的一线药物,是治疗糖尿病和预防相关并发症的有效方法,可改善胰岛抵抗,有效防治糖尿病、肥胖等代谢综合征。α-葡萄糖苷酶是糖苷水解酶GH31家族中的膜结合酶,主要存在于小肠绒毛粘膜刷状缘细胞中。人体进食后,α-葡萄糖苷酶可以将食物中的碳水化合物水解为葡萄糖,葡萄糖被吸收后进入血液循环引起血糖升高。糖尿病患者由于胰岛功能紊乱,血糖调节能力受损,无法有效控制餐后血糖水平的快速升高。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂通过延缓碳水化合物的分解吸收和葡萄糖释放,从而有效控制餐后血糖的迅速升高,改善胰岛抵抗,抑制脂肪合成。目前,临床上常用的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂主要有阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖和米格列醇等,但这些药物的服用通常会引起胃肠道的不良反应,如胀气、排气、腹泻等。因此,寻找抑制活性强且毒副作用更低的新型α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂对糖尿病、肥胖等代谢综合征的防治具有重要意义。
近年来,人们发现多种植物源天然产物对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有强抑制作用,引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。山楂作为一种药食同源佳果,富含类黄酮、酚酸、萜类化合物、多糖等生物活性物质。研究发现,来源于传统山楂品种‘山里红’的多酚、多糖、脂类提取物具有抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶作用,其中多酚提取物乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑制活性最强,IC50值为98.26±0.21μg/mL(“山楂降血糖、降血脂活性成分及机理初探”,浙江师范大学硕士学位论文,2019);在另一项关于红山楂果实不同溶剂萃取物组分鉴定和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性评价的研究中,发现丙酮提取物具有最强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,IC50值为42.35±2.48μg/mL,而氯仿组分的抑制活性相对最差,IC50值达207.46±9.52μg/mL(Lin Y.T.,等,Antioxidants 11(2):320(2022))。由此可见,目前关于山楂果实抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性研究,仅聚焦于单一的传统山楂品种,且来源于山楂的大量生物活性物质中,富含不同成分或来源于不同有效部位的提取物可能具有不同的酶抑制活性。目前未见对新品种、野生种、特色品种等不同山楂α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的系统探究,且针对特定山楂品种,如何制备富集大量具有抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶成分的有效部位是需研究解决的关键技术问题之一。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题,提供了一种具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂果实提取物的制备方法,所述的黄山楂果实提取物富集了大量抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的有效成分,其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制效果显著。
基于此,本发明人收集了多个品种山楂,开展了不同提取组分制备、化合物鉴定和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性评价,发现新品种‘金如意’黄色甜山楂提取物具有良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。以黄山楂果实为原料,建立了醇提浓缩和固相萃取联用的制备体系,得到了具有强α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的有效部位。结构鉴定分析发现所述黄山楂果实提取物中富含金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮素、芹菜素以及其他成分(金鸡纳素Ic、槲皮素-3-O-新橘皮糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷等)。酶活测定结果发现,该提取物(IC50=7.02μg/mL)具有显著优于阳性对照药阿卡波糖(IC50=323.17μg/mL)的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,且优于单一组分金丝桃苷(533.20μg/mL)、异槲皮苷(555.38μg/mL)、槲皮素(15.87μg/mL)和芹菜素(161.48μg/mL),表明各活性组分间具有良好的协同作用,起到更显著的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制功效。这表明所述黄山楂提取物具有开发为α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,用于防治糖尿病、肥胖等代谢综合征的巨大潜力。这对山楂功能成分的开发利用以及提升山楂产业附加值具有重大意义。
本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂果实提取物的制备方法,包括:
(1)醇提浓缩:将黄山楂果实与醇溶液混合,经超声提取后过滤并收集滤液,将所述滤液除去醇并浓缩,得到黄山楂果实粗提液,所述醇溶液的体积百分浓度为50~100%;
(2)固相萃取:将所述黄山楂果实粗提液注入固相萃取柱中,经过流动相进行梯度洗脱,将收集的洗脱液经后处理即得;优选的,所述固相萃取柱为C18固相萃取柱;
所述梯度洗脱的流程为:先经过体积百分浓度低于20%醇溶液进行第一次洗脱,再用体积百分浓度为40%~100%的醇溶液进行第二次洗脱,收集第二次洗脱后的洗脱液;所述第一次洗脱的醇溶液体积百分比浓度的浓度为5%以上;
优选的,采用体积百分浓度为10%醇溶液进行第一次洗脱;
优选的,采用体积百分浓度为50%醇溶液进行第二次洗脱;
所述的醇溶液是指醇的水溶液,所述醇选自甲醇或乙醇;
优选的,所述黄山楂品种为‘金如意’黄山楂;
优选的,步骤(1)中所述醇溶液的体积百分浓度为80%;
优选的,步骤(1)中所述超声提取的时间为30~60min;
优选的,步骤(1)中所述山楂果实与醇溶液的质量体积比为1g∶5~20mL;更优选的,所述山楂果实与醇溶液的质量体积比为1g∶10mL;
优选的,所述后处理是指减压浓缩、冷冻干燥;更优选的,所述减压浓缩的条件为:30~50℃下真空旋转蒸发。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述超声提取次数为2~4次,每次超声时间为30~60min,所述收集滤液的过程相应地重复进行2~4次,合并2~4次的滤液,黄山楂果实与醇溶液用量比为1g∶5~20mL。
优选的,所述的固相萃取步骤为:将制备得到的黄山楂果实粗提液上C18固相萃取柱,先用水洗脱,去除可溶性糖酸;再用体积百分浓度为10%醇溶液洗脱,弃洗脱液;然后用体积百分浓度为50%醇溶液洗脱,并收集该部分洗脱液,减压浓缩、冷冻干燥后即得所述的具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂果实提取物。
优选的,所述的固相萃取步骤具体为:将制备得到的黄山楂果实粗提液上C18固相萃取柱,先用2~10倍柱体积水洗脱,去除可溶性糖酸;再用4~6倍柱体积的体积百分浓度为10%醇溶液洗脱,弃洗脱液;然后用4~8倍柱体积的体积百分浓度为50%醇溶液洗脱,并收集该部分洗脱液,减压浓缩、冷冻干燥后即得所述的具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂果实提取物。
本发明还提供所述黄山楂果实提取物作为活性成分在制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂中的用途;优选的,所述黄山楂果实提取物根据如前所述任何一种方法分离纯化得到。
优选的,所述的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂为代谢综合征改善剂或药物;优选的,所述代谢综合征为2型糖尿病、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症中的至少一种疾病;优选的,所述的改善剂选自功能性食品、食品添加剂、补充剂。
本发明的药物除了含有上述本发明的黄山楂果实提取物之外,还可以含有例如其它活性成分、药学上可容许的添加物等。对于本发明的药物而言,作为具体的剂型,例如可以列举出片剂、颗粒剂(包括散剂)、胶囊剂、液体制剂(包括糖浆剂)等,可以适当使用适于各剂型的添加剂或基材等,根据药典等所记载的通常方法来制造。另外,作为给药途径,没有特别限定,例如可以列举出口服给药和非口服给药。作为上述非口服给药,例如可以列举出口腔内给药、气管内给药、直肠内给药、皮下给药、肌肉内给药和静脉内给药等。
本发明代谢综合征改善剂,还可以含有各种添加剂、其它的补充剂等,例如可以含有其它活性成分,维生素C等各种维生素类,氨基酸,寡糖等。本发明的改善剂的形态没有特别限定,例如可以列举出片剂、颗粒剂(包括散剂)、胶囊剂、液体制剂(包括糖浆剂)等。
本发明的功能性食品还可以含有各种添加剂等,例如可以含有其它活性成分等。另外,本发明的功能性食品的形态没有特别限定,例如可以列举出面类、点心类和功能性饮料等。
本发明的食品添加剂还可以含有各种添加剂等,例如可以含有其它活性成分等。本发明的食品添加剂的形态没有特别限定,例如可以列举出液体状、糊状、粉末状、薄片状和颗粒状等。另外,本发明的食品添加剂还包括例如饮料用食品添加剂。
进一步的活性试验发现,制备得到的黄山楂果实提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有显著的抑制效果,IC50值为7.02μg/mL,显著优于阳性药物阿卡波糖(IC50=323.17μg/mL),可作为一种新型的天然来源的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,用于控制餐后血糖,防治糖尿病、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗等代谢综合征。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1.本发明的提取物来源于药食同源佳果——山楂,且以新品种‘金如意’黄色甜山楂为材料,发现所制备提取物具有良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,这对新品种山楂的保健功效开发和种质推广具有重要意义。
2.本发明提供了一种全新的具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂果实提取物及其制备方法,该制备方法简单易操作,且耗时短,对环境污染小,制备得到提取物富集了大量具有α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的有效成分,其抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶效果十分显著。
3.该方法经醇提浓缩得到黄山楂果实粗提物后,经固相萃取技术进行梯度洗脱,先经体积百分浓度为10%的醇溶液洗脱后,再用体积百分浓度为50%醇溶液洗脱,由对比例试验可以看出,按上述梯度洗脱方法得到的50%洗脱组分,其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性优于10%组分,优于直接用50%醇溶液洗脱的组分,也优于直接纯醇溶液洗脱组分,因此该制备方法可成功获得黄山楂果实中富集大量α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制组分的有效部位,该制备方法也可为从其他植物中制备高活性α-葡萄糖苷酶剂提供参考依据,对天然来源有效成分的挖掘具有十分重要的指导意义。
4.本发明的黄山楂果实提取物富含多酚,目前已鉴定出金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮素、芹菜素、槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷等活性成分,可作为上述天然生物活性物质的良好天然来源,且所得提取物具有优于上述任一单一组分的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,表明所述提取物中各组分间具有良好的协同作用,这对山楂的深入研究与进一步开发利用具有重大的意义。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述,以下列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1
称取5g黄山楂果实,按照料液比1∶10(w/v,g/mL)的比例加入80%甲醇溶液充分混合,超声提取30min,超声结束后抽滤,得到的滤渣按上述条件重复提取一次,合并滤液,在37℃下真空旋转蒸发除去甲醇,得到黄山楂果实粗提液。
先采用4BV甲醇、2BV水活化C18固相萃取柱(Waters 12cc,2g),每根固相萃取柱再将黄山楂果实粗提液用4BV上样;4BV去离子水洗去糖酸;分别用8BV体积百分浓度为10%的甲醇溶液、6BV体积百分浓度为50%的甲醇溶液进行洗脱,收集体积百分浓度为50%的甲醇溶液洗脱液,37℃下真空旋转蒸干,得到所述黄山楂果实提取物1。
实施例2
称取10g黄山楂果实,按照料液比1∶10(w/v,g/mL)的比例加入80%甲醇溶液充分混合,超声提取30min,超声结束后抽滤,得到的滤渣按上述条件重复提取一次,合并滤液,在37℃下真空旋转蒸发除去甲醇,得到黄山楂果实粗提液。
先采用4BV甲醇、2BV水活化C18固相萃取柱(Waters 12cc,2g),每根固相萃取柱再将黄山楂果实粗提液用4BV上样;4BV去离子水洗去糖酸;分别用8BV体积百分浓度为10%的甲醇溶液、6BV体积百分浓度为50%的甲醇溶液进行洗脱,收集体积百分浓度为50%的甲醇溶液洗脱液,37℃下真空旋转蒸干,得到所述黄山楂果实提取物2。
实施例3
称取20g黄山楂果实,按照料液比1∶10(w/v,g/mL)的比例加入80%甲醇溶液充分混合,超声提取30min,超声结束后抽滤,得到的滤渣按上述条件重复提取一次,合并滤液,在37℃下真空旋转蒸发除去甲醇,得到黄山楂果实粗提液。
先采用4BV甲醇、2BV水活化C18固相萃取柱(Waters 12cc,2g),每根固相萃取柱再将黄山楂果实粗提液用4BV上样;4BV去离子水洗去糖酸;分别用8BV体积百分浓度为10%的甲醇溶液、6BV体积百分浓度为50%的甲醇溶液进行洗脱,收集体积百分浓度为50%的甲醇溶液洗脱液,37℃下真空旋转蒸干,得到所述黄山楂果实提取物3。
对比例1
称取5g黄山楂果实,按照料液比1∶10(w/v,g/mL)的比例加入80%甲醇溶液充分混合,超声提取30min,超声结束后抽滤,得到的滤渣按上述条件重复提取一次,合并滤液,在37℃下真空旋转蒸发除去甲醇,得到黄山楂果实粗提液。
先采用4BV甲醇、2BV水活化C18固相萃取柱(Waters 12cc,2g),每根固相萃取柱再将黄山楂果实粗提液用4BV上样;4BV去离子水洗去糖酸;6BV体积百分浓度为10%的甲醇溶液进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,37℃下真空旋转蒸干,得到黄山楂果实提取物4。
对比例2
称取5g黄山楂果实,按照料液比1∶10(w/v,g/mL)的比例加入80%甲醇溶液充分混合,超声提取30min,超声结束后抽滤,得到的滤渣按上述条件重复提取一次,合并滤液,在37℃下真空旋转蒸发除去甲醇,得到黄山楂果实粗提液。
先采用4BV甲醇、2BV水活化C18固相萃取柱(Waters 12cc,2g),每根固相萃取柱再将黄山楂果实粗提液用4BV上样;4BV去离子水洗去糖酸;6BV体积百分浓度为50%的甲醇溶液进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,37℃下真空旋转蒸干,得到黄山楂果实提取物5。
对比例3
称取5g黄山楂果实,按照料液比1∶10(w/v,g/mL)的比例加入80%甲醇溶液充分混合,超声提取30min,超声结束后抽滤,得到的滤渣按上述条件重复提取一次,合并滤液,在37℃下真空旋转蒸发除去甲醇,得到黄山楂果实粗提液。
先采用4BV甲醇、2BV水活化C18固相萃取柱(Waters 12cc,2g),每根固相萃取柱再将黄山楂果实粗提液用4BV上样;4BV去离子水洗去糖酸;6BV纯甲醇溶液进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,37℃下真空旋转蒸干,得到黄山楂果实提取物6。
各对比例是基于实施例1做固相萃取中洗脱条件的调整,实施例1中固相萃取的洗脱条件为先用体积百分浓度为10%的甲醇溶液、再用体积百分浓度为50%的甲醇溶液进行洗脱,收集50%洗脱组分。对比例1中固相萃取的洗脱条件调整为水洗后只用体积百分浓度为10%的甲醇溶液洗脱,对比例2中固相萃取的洗脱条件调整为水洗后直接用体积百分浓度为50%的甲醇溶液洗脱,对比例3中固相萃取的洗脱条件调整为水洗后直接用纯甲醇溶液洗脱。
实施例4
α-葡萄糖苷酶可将4-硝基苯基-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4-Nitrophenylβ-D-glucopyranoside,PNPG)水解生成对硝基苯酚(pNP),碱性条件下pNP在405nm处有最大吸收值,用酶标仪测定反应液中pNP浓度,可检测样品抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。
α-葡萄糖苷酶用0.1mol/L缓冲液(pH=6.8)稀释为0.2U/mL。测定时,96孔板中加入112μL磷酸缓冲液(0.1mol/L,pH=6.8)和20μLα-葡萄糖苷酶(0.2U/mL),随后加入8μL抑制剂,即梯度浓度的实施例1制备得到的粉末、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮素、芹菜素、及槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷或阳性对照药阿卡波糖,于37℃静置15min,再加入20μL浓度为2.5mmol/LPNPG,37℃反应15min后,加入80μLNa2CO3溶液(2.5mmol/L),酶标仪测定405nm下的吸光度(ODtest)。未加酶的为空白对照(ODblank),未加样品但加酶的为controlODtest,未加样品且未加酶的为controlODblank,阿卡波糖为阳性对照。酶活抑制率的计算公式为:
根据梯度浓度下受试样品对α-葡萄糖苷酶的酶活抑制率利用SPSS计算IC50值,结果如表1所示。
表1黄山楂果实提取物及所含单体抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶作用
由表1数据可以看出,本发明所述黄山楂果实提取物具有显著优于阳性对照药阿卡波糖(IC50=323.17μg/mL)的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,且优于单一组分金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮素、芹菜素和槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷,表明本发明提供的黄山楂果实提取物富集了大量抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的有效成分,且各活性组分间具有良好的协同作用,起到更显著的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制功效。
实施例5-12
按照实施例1的制备方法,改变过程中的部分参数,进行如下实施例5~12(说明:表格中的浓度均为体积百分浓度)。
表2实施例5-12的制备参数和所制备粉末抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶作用
从表2数据可知,参照实施例1的制备方法,在本发明的范围内改变过程中的部分参数,结果表明各实施例所得粉末抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50值接近,表明按照本发明所述制备方法做参数调整不影响所制备粉末的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制效果,均具有显著的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制功效。
实施例13
α-葡萄糖苷酶用0.1mol/L缓冲液(pH=6.8)稀释为0.2U/mL。测定时,96孔板中加入112μL磷酸缓冲液(0.1mol/L,pH=6.8)和20μLα-葡萄糖苷酶(0.2U/mL),随后加入8μL抑制剂,即梯度浓度的实施例1-3、对比例1-3中制备得到的粉末或阳性对照药阿卡波糖,于37℃静置15min,再加入20μL浓度为2.5mmol/LPNPG,37℃反应15min后,加入80μLNa2CO3溶液(2.5mmol/L),酶标仪测定405nm下的吸光度(ODtest)。未加酶的为空白对照(ODblank),未加样品但加酶的为controlODtest,未加样品且未加酶的为controlODblank,阿卡波糖为阳性对照。酶活抑制率的计算公式为:
根据梯度浓度下受试样品对α-葡萄糖苷酶的酶活抑制率利用SPSS计算IC50值,实施例1-3、对比例1-3中制备得到的粉末和阳性对照药阿卡波糖抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50值如表3所示。
表3不同黄山楂果实提取物抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶作用
由表3数据可以看出,实施例1-3中制备得到的黄山楂果实提取物1-3均具有良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,IC50值较低,且重复性较好,表明随着制备量的增加,制备体系的稳定性良好;而对比例1-3中制备得到的黄山楂果实提取物4-6显示具有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,但效果明显减弱,说明本发明所述的固相萃取洗脱条件能富集到大量具有优异α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的有效成分,而其他洗脱条件下不能富集或不能富集具有很好效果的抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶成分。此外,所述黄山楂果实提取物的体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著优于阳性对照药阿卡波糖,表明所述黄山楂果实提取物是良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,可用于糖尿病治疗药物的开发,可应用于改善胰岛抵抗,防治糖尿病、肥胖等代谢综合征。
Claims (5)
1.一种具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂果实提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)醇提浓缩:将黄山楂果实与醇溶液混合,经超声提取后过滤并收集滤液,将所述滤液除去醇并浓缩,得到黄山楂果实粗提液,所述醇溶液的体积百分浓度为50~100%;
(2)固相萃取:将所述黄山楂果实粗提液注入固相萃取柱中,经过流动相进行梯度洗脱,将收集的洗脱液经后处理即得;所述固相萃取柱为C18固相萃取柱;
所述梯度洗脱的流程为:先用水洗脱,去除可溶性糖酸;然后经过体积百分浓度低于20%醇溶液进行第一次洗脱,再用体积百分浓度为40%~100%的醇溶液进行第二次洗脱,收集第二次洗脱后的洗脱液;所述第一次洗脱的醇溶液体积百分比浓度的浓度为5%以上;所述的醇溶液是指醇的水溶液,所述醇选自甲醇或乙醇;所述黄山楂品种为“金如意”黄山楂;步骤(1)中所述超声提取的时间为30~60min;步骤(1)中所述山楂果实与醇溶液的质量体积比为1g∶5~20mL;所述后处理是指减压浓缩、冷冻干燥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述醇溶液的体积百分浓度为80%;步骤(1)中所述山楂果实与醇溶液的质量体积比为1g∶10mL;步骤(2)中采用体积百分浓度为10%醇溶液进行第一次洗脱,采用体积百分浓度为50%醇溶液进行第二次洗脱;所述减压浓缩的条件为:30~50℃下真空旋转蒸发。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超声提取次数为2~4次,每次超声时间为30~60min,所述收集滤液的过程相应地重复进行2~4次,合并2~4次的滤液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的固相萃取步骤具体为:将制备得到的黄山楂果实粗提液上C18固相萃取柱,先用水洗脱,去除可溶性糖酸;再用体积百分浓度为10%醇溶液洗脱,弃洗脱液;然后用体积百分浓度为50%醇溶液洗脱,并收集该部分洗脱液,减压浓缩、冷冻干燥后即得所述的具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂果实提取物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的固相萃取步骤具体为:
将制备得到的黄山楂果实粗提液上C18固相萃取柱,先用2~10倍柱体积水洗脱,去除可溶性糖酸;再用4~6倍柱体积的体积百分浓度为10%醇溶液洗脱,弃洗脱液;然后用4~8倍柱体积的体积百分浓度为50%醇溶液洗脱,并收集该部分洗脱液,减压浓缩、冷冻干燥后即得所述的具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的黄山楂果实提取物。
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