CN116283927A - 嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物及其作为富亮氨酸重复激酶2抑制剂的应用 - Google Patents
嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物及其作为富亮氨酸重复激酶2抑制剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116283927A CN116283927A CN202211643748.4A CN202211643748A CN116283927A CN 116283927 A CN116283927 A CN 116283927A CN 202211643748 A CN202211643748 A CN 202211643748A CN 116283927 A CN116283927 A CN 116283927A
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- pyrimidine
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物及其作为富亮氨酸重复激酶2抑制剂的应用,该衍生物不但对LRRK2活性具有较好的抑制作用,同时具备被BBB上的氨基酸转运蛋白主动转运的结构特征,增加药物进入中枢的能力,是一种潜在的治疗中枢神经退行性疾病(如帕金森疾病)的治疗药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学药物技术领域,涉及嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物及其作为富亮氨酸重复激酶2抑制剂的应用。
背景技术
帕金森氏病(PD)是一种高发于中老年的第二大慢性神经退行性疾病,仅次于阿尔兹海默症。目前人们对该疾病认知度低、就诊率低、诊断率低,且无法治愈,患者终身表现为震颤、肢体僵硬、运动功能减退和步态异常等运动神经系统障碍,以及嗅觉减退、睡眠障碍、便秘等非运动症状。现有的药物,仅能针对症状本身进行不同程度的缓解,无法控制疾病进展。目前的临床常用药物,远远不能满足现有帕金森中晚期患者的需求,亟需一类可防止帕金森病理、生化退行的药物。疾病修饰治疗是目前开发帕金森疾病治疗药物的主流方向,可以影响神经元变性的初始触发因素,并促使神经元代偿反应或减少病理传播和进展。目前主流研究认为,路易小体(LB)内α-Syn聚集是帕金森病发病的重要原因,减少α-Syn的聚集是治疗帕金森病的潜在方法。
而富亮氨酸重复激酶2(Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2,LRRK2)阻断分子伴侣介导自噬,导致α-syn不能被降解,产生毒性。LRRK2参与α-syn介导的神经毒性,LRRK2通过氧化机制诱导线粒体损伤、内溶酶体功能障碍,诱发帕金森病进展。LRRK2激酶抑制剂可以减轻帕金森疾病模型的病理性损害,改善患者运动功能障碍。两种新型LRRK2激酶抑制剂DNL201和DNL151的安全性和耐受性IB期临床试验获得成功,DNL151已经开展IIb/III期注册临床研究。因此LRRK2小分子抑制剂的开发,是目前最有潜力开发帕金森治疗药物的研究方向之一。
因此,开发有效的LRRK2激酶以及突变的LRRK2激酶的抑制剂成为目前治疗神经退行性疾病的一条重要的途径。本发明旨在发明一种可以高度对LRRK2激酶抑制的化合物,从而进一步发明可以很好的治疗神经退行性疾病的药物。
专利US8802674B2公开了Gentech公司嘧啶氨基苯酰胺类化合物是一类LRRK2的抑制剂,其化学结构通式如下所示。并且J.Med.Chem.2012,55,9416-9433公开了Gentech公司该类通式结构的优选化合物GNE-7915,其化学结构式如下所示,
GNE-7915虽然具备较好的LRRK2抑制活性,并且也具备一定的血脑屏障渗透能力,但是动物实验仍发现对周边组织(比如肾脏和肺)有明显的毒副作用而止步于1期临床开发,预示着还需针对该靶点寻找更优质的血脑屏障渗透性化合物,才能实现保证脑部有效给药的同时,减少周边组织的药物浓度和毒副作用。
血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)由脑微血管内皮细胞、内皮细胞紧密连接、神经胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞、周细胞、基膜等组分构成,通常只允许气体分子及相对分子质量较小的脂溶性分子通过,使大部分治疗中枢神经系统疾病的药物无法穿过BBB在脑内达到有效治疗浓度。而BBB的另一个重要特点是在脑毛细血管内皮细胞膜上含有多种物质转运蛋白,与脑营养物质的跨膜转运有关,氨基酸转运体就是其中之一,主要成员中的L型氨基酸转运体(L-type aminotransporters,LATs)与药物转运关系密切,其中研究最多的LAT1可转运与其底物结构相似的氨基酸类中枢神经药物,如:抗帕金森药左旋多巴;多巴胺的结构特征限制了其血脑屏障穿透率,而通过氨基酸结构修饰后的左旋多巴是LAT1底物,可由LAT1介导转运透过血脑屏障,进入中枢发挥疗效。用于治疗神经痛和癫痫的药物加巴喷丁也是具备氨基酸结构可通过LAT1转运进入脑组织。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物及其作为富亮氨酸重复激酶2抑制剂的应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
1、嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物,该衍生物的结构如通式(1)或通式(2)所示:
通式(1)中,
R1选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基;
R2选自H,F,Cl,Br,I;
n选自0,1,2;
Y选自-O-或-N-;
R3选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基及常见的各种O或N的保护基;
R4选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基及常见的各种N保护基;
或者,R3与R4为合在一起的一个基团,选自-C(=O)-、-CH2-C(=O)-、
-C(=O)-CH2-、-(CH2-CH2)-、-C(=O)-C(=O)-;
通式(2)中,
R5选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基;
X选自-C-、或-N-;
R6选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基及常见的各种O保护基;
R7选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基及常见的各种N保护基。
优选的,所述衍生物为
7'-氟-4'-甲氧基-5'-((4-(甲胺基)-5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-1',3'-二氢螺环[咪唑-4,2'-茚]-2,5-二酮,
4'-methoxy-5'-((4-(methylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1',3'-dihydrospiro[imidazolidine-4,2'-indene]-2,5-dione,其化学结构式如下:
优选的,所述衍生物为
(S)-2-氨基-3-(4-((4-((2-羟乙基)氨基)-5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-3-甲氧基苯基)丙酸,(S)-2-amino-3-(4-((4-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-methox yphenyl)propanoic acid,其化学结构式如下:
优选的,所述衍生物为
(S)-2-氨基-3-(5-((4-((2-羟乙基)氨基)-5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)丙酸,
(S)-2-amino-3-(5-((4-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-4-methox ypyridin-2-yl)propanoic acid,其化学结构式如下:
2、嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物作为富亮氨酸重复激酶2抑制剂的应用。
3、嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物在制备治疗或预防帕金森病药物中的应用。
4、嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物在制备治疗或预防慢性神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。
5、嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物在制备抑制富亮氨酸重复激酶2的活性而预防和/或治疗疾病的药物中的应用。
6、一种药物组合物或制剂,包含前述嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物。
优选的,还包含药学上可接受的辅料、辅助剂或载体。
本发明的有益效果在于:
申请人通过对现有苗头化合物的结构引入氨基酸片段,意在保持对LRRK2抑制活性的同时,增加化合物通过BBB上的氨基酸转运蛋白主动转运进入中枢的特性,寻找潜在的帕金森治疗药物。
本发明提供了一类嘧啶氨基芳基类结构的氨基酸衍生物,不但对LRRK2活性具有较好的抑制作用,同时具备被BBB上的氨基酸转运蛋白主动转运的结构特征,增加药物进入中枢的能力,是一种潜在的治疗中枢神经退行性疾病(如帕金森疾病)的治疗药物。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,本发明提供如下附图进行说明。
图1为实施例1中F001的合成路线;
图2为实施例2中F002的合成路线;
图3为实施例3中F003的合成路线。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图,对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。
定义和说明
除非另有说明,本文所用的下列术语和短语旨在具有下列含义。一个特定的术语或短语在没有特别定义的情况下不应该被认为是不确定的或不清楚的,而应该按照普通的含义去理解。当本文中出现商品名时,意在指代其对应的商品或其活性成分。
这里所采用的术语“药学上可接受的”,是针对那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型而言,它们在可靠的医学判断的范围之内,适用于与人类和动物的组织接触使用,而没有过多的毒性、刺激性、过敏性反应或其它问题或并发症,与合理的利益/风险比相称。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指本发明化合物的盐,由本发明发现的具有特定取代基的化合物与相对无毒的酸或碱制备。当本发明的化合物中含有相对酸性的功能团时,可以通过在纯的溶液或合适的惰性溶剂中用足够量的碱与这类化合物的中性形式接触的方式获得碱加成盐。药学上可接受的碱加成盐包括钠、钾、钙、铵、有机胺或镁盐或类似的盐。当本发明的化合物中含有相对碱性的官能团时,可以通过在纯的溶液或合适的惰性溶剂中用足够量的酸与这类化合物的中性形式接触的方式获得酸加成盐。本发明的某些特定的化合物含有碱性和酸性的官能团,从而可以被转换成任一碱或酸加成盐。
本发明的药学上可接受的盐可由含有酸根或碱基的母体化合物通过常规化学方法合成。一般情况下,这样的盐的制备方法是:在水或有机溶剂或两者的混合物中,经由游离酸或碱形式的这些化合物与化学计量的适当的碱或酸反应来制备。
术语“有效治疗剂量”指的是在给予需要这样的治疗的哺乳动物时,足以有效治疗的通式化合物的量。治疗有效量将依赖于所用的治疗药剂的特定活性、患者的年龄、生理状况、其它疾病状态的存在和营养状况而变化。此外,患者可能正接受的其它药物治疗将影响要给予的治疗药剂的治疗有效量的确定。
术语“治疗”意味着对于哺乳动物体内疾病的任何治疗,包括:(i)防止疾病,即造成疾病的临床症状不发展;(ii)抑制疾病,即阻止临床症状的发展;和/或(iii)减轻疾病,即造成临床症状的消退。
术语“药学上可接受的辅料、辅助剂或载体”包括任何和全部的溶剂、分散介质、包衣、抗细菌和抗真菌药剂、等渗和吸收延迟剂等。这样的介质和药剂用于药学活性物质在本领域是众所周知的。除非任何常规介质或药剂与活性成分不相容,其在治疗组合物中的应用是可预期的。补充的活性成分也可以并入组合物中。
本发明的化合物可以通过本领域技术人员所熟知的多种合成方法来制备,包括下面列举的具体实施方式、其与其他化学合成方法的结合所形成的实施方式以及本领域技术上人员所熟知的等同替换方式,优选的实施方式包括但不限于本发明的实施例。凡是通过其他反应条件能得到合成路线中的中间体或者化合物1均视为该发明的替代方案。
实施例1:F-001的合成
合成路线如图1所示。
具体步骤如下:
Step 1:中间体2的制备
将2,4-二氯-5-三氟甲基嘧啶(5g,23.04mmol),三乙胺(4.66g,46.08mmol)加入到甲醇(50mL)中,降温至-80℃。降温完毕后将甲胺盐酸盐(1.56g,23.04mmol)分批加入到反应体系中,加毕,-80℃反应2h。TLC监测反应进程,反应完成后升温至室温。减压浓缩除去溶剂,得到粗产品。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10/1,体积比),得到中间体2(1.34g,27.5%,白色固体),[M+H]+=212。
Step 2:中间体4的制备
向250mL单口瓶中加入中间体3(10.0g,42.0mmol)和50mL甲醇,室温下搅拌溶清。再称取甲醇钠(2.5g,46.0mmol)溶于50mL甲醇中(放热),将甲醇钠溶液加入中间体3反应液中,用30mL甲醇洗涤加入反应瓶中,室温搅拌1.5h,析出固体,TLC监测原料未反应完,将反应瓶置于45℃油浴中搅拌1h,TLC监测原料反应完。反应液减压浓缩至干,加入乙酸乙酯萃取。萃取的有机相经水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得到粗产物。向浓缩后的残余物中加入石油醚打浆2h。过滤,干燥得到中间体4(9.65g,91.8%,灰白色固体)。
Step 3:中间体5的制备
取120mL封管,加入中间体4(4.0g,16.0mmol),醋酸钯(150mg,0.67mmol),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF))12mL,三乙胺(TEA)(6.67mL,48.0mmol)和丙烯酸甲酯(2.88mL,32.0mmol),加毕,升温至100℃封管反应18h。LC-MS和TLC监测,反应完毕。硅藻土过滤,滤液50℃减压浓缩至干。向浓缩后的残余物中加入200mL水,使用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取。萃取的有机相经饱和NaCl洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤浓缩,得粗产物4.9g。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1,体积比),得到中间体5(3.2g,78.3%,黄色固体),[M+H]+=256。
Step 4:中间体6的制备
向250mL单口瓶中加入中间体5(3.2g,12.5mmol),10% Pd/C(350mg),四氢呋喃65mL,氢气置换三次,升温至40℃反应72h。LC-MS监测,反应完全。硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3/1,体积比),得到中间体6(2.3g,80.7%,黄色固体),[M+H]+=228。
Step 5:中间体7的制备
向反应试管中加入中间体6(2.3g,10.1mmol)和15mL甲醇,室温搅拌溶清。称取氢氧化锂(720mg,30.3mmol)溶于15mL水中,加入上述反应试管中,加毕,室温反应。LC-MS和TLC监测,反应完毕,加入质量浓度5%甲酸水溶液调pH至2,反应液使用二氯甲烷,50mL×5)提取,每次萃取加少量甲醇。萃取的有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得中间体7(2.1g,97.3%,灰色固体),直接投入下一步。[M+H]+=214。
Step 6:中间体8的制备
取48mL封管,加入中间体7(2.1g,9.8mmol)和三氟甲磺酸(10mL),封管100℃反应5h。TLC和LC-MS监测,反应完毕。冰水浴降至室温,加入饱和NaHCO3调pH至中性,反应液使用二氯甲烷提取4次。萃取的有机相经饱和NaCl洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得中间体8(900mg,46.8%,黑色固体),[M+H]+=196。
Step 7:中间体9的制备
取100mL单口瓶,加入中间体8(900mg,4.6mmol)和20mL甲醇,室温下搅拌溶清。称取NaBH4(520mg,13.8mmol)缓慢加入上述反应瓶中,有大量气体放出,加毕,室温反应2h。LC-MS和TLC监测,反应完毕。加入质量浓度5%甲酸水溶液调pH至2,再用饱和NaHCO3调pH至中性,反应混合液使用EA(50mL×4)提取。萃取的有机相经饱和NaCl洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到粗产物中间体9(805mg,88.5%,黑色油状物),直接投入下一步。[M+H]+=198,[M+H-18]+=180。
Step 8:中间体10的制备
向中间体9(805mg,4.1mmol)和甲苯(20mL)的混合液中加入对甲苯磺酸一水合物(1.5g,8.16mmol),加毕,升温至100℃反应2h。LC-MS和TLC监测,反应完毕。向反应液中加入50mL EA,再用饱和NaHCO3调pH至中性,分液,水相再用EA(50mL×3)提取。萃取的有机层经饱和NaCl洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到中间体10(460mg,62.8%,黑色油状物),直接投入下一步。[M+H]+=180。
Step 9:中间体11的制备
将中间体10(460mg,2.6mmol)加入二氧六环(10mL)和水(6mL)的混合液中,室温下搅拌。向上述混合液中依次加入NaHCO3(650mg,7.7mmol)和CbzCl(苄氧基碳酰氯,550μl,3.8mmol),加毕,室温反应3h。LC-MS和TLC监测,反应完毕。向反应液中加入20mL水,使用EA(30mL×2)提取产物。提取的有机层经饱和NaCl洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到粗产物880mg。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10/1,体积比),干燥得到中间体11(330mg,41.0%,黄色油状物)。[M+H]+=314,[M+H-44]+=270。
Step 10:中间体12的制备
将中间体11(240mg,0.76mmol)溶于DCM(5mL)中,随后依次加入m-CPBA(间氯过氧苯甲酸,198mg,1.15mmol)和NaHCO3(193mg,2.3mmol),加毕,室温反应18h。LC-MS和TLC监测,反应完毕,向反应液中加入20mL DCM和20mL水分液。分出的DCM层依次经20mL质量浓度为10%的硫代硫酸钠洗涤,再经饱和NaCl洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到粗产物420mg。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3/1,体积比),干燥得到中间体12(217mg,86.0%,泡状白色固体)。[M+H]+=330,[M+H-44]+=286。
Step 11:中间体13的制备
将中间体12(200mg,0.6mmol)和ZnI2(775mg,2.4mmol)加入到5mL甲苯中,N2保护下升温至50℃反应60h。LC-MS和TLC监测,反应完毕,向反应液中加入EA萃取。萃取的有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3/1,体积比),干燥得到中间体13(50mg,25.0%,油状物)。[M+H]+=330,[M+H-44]+=286。
Step 12:中间体14的制备
将中间体13(48mg,0.146mmol)溶于乙醇(2mL)和水(2mL)的混合液中,随后依次加入碳酸氢铵(230mg,2.91mmol),氟化铯(67mg,0.44mmol),和三甲基硅氰(55ul,0.44mmol),加毕,升温至50℃反应24h。LC-MS和TLC监测,反应完毕。向反应液中加入5mL水,使用EA(5mL×3)提取产物。萃取的有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到粗产物40mg。粗产物通过制备板分离,得到中间体14(15mg,25.7%,油状物)。[M+H]+=400,[M+H-44]+=356。
Step 13:中间体15的制备
将中间体14(19mg,0.048mmol)和钯碳(5mg,钯含量10%)加入2mL甲醇中,氢气置换三次,室温反应2h。LC-MS和TLC监测,反应完毕。反应液经过滤,浓缩,得到中间体15(17mg,134.7%,油状物)。[M+H]+=266。
Step 14:目标化合物F-001的制备
向中间体15(9mg,0.034mmol)和中间体2(7.2mg,0.034mmol)的叔丁醇(1.5mL)溶液中加入冰醋酸(15μL),升温至90℃回流反应20h。LC-MS和TLC监测,反应完毕。反应液减压浓缩,得到粗产物。粗产物通过制备板分离,得到目标化合物F-001(6mg,40.1%,类白色固体)。[M+H]+=441。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.84(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),8.30(s,1H),8.20(s,1H),8.00(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),7.28(s,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.46(d,J=16.8Hz,1H),3.31(d,J=16.5Hz,1H),3.20(d,J=16.8Hz,1H),3.07(d,J=16.5Hz,1H),2.92(d,J=4.4Hz,3H).
实施例2:目标化合物F-002的合成
合成如图2所示。
具体步骤如下:
Step 1:中间体2的制备
将4-溴-2-甲氧基苯胺(8g,39.80mmol)和碳酸氢钠(8.69g,103.48mmol)加入到1,4-二氧六环(80mL)/水(48mL)的混合液中,加毕,降温至0℃。将氯甲酸苄酯(10.86g,63.68mmol)缓慢滴加到上述反应体系中,加毕,室温反应0.5h,反应过程通过TLC板监测。反应完毕,反应液中使用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取有机相经过饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3/1,体积比),得到中间体2(12.6g,94.7%,白色固体)。[M+H]+=336;[M+H]+=338;[M-44]+=292;[M-44]+=294。
Step 2:中间体3的制备
氮气保护下向烘干的第一个三口瓶(100mL)中加入Zn粉(9.37g,143.28mmol)和干燥的DMF(10mL),加毕,降温至0℃。称取单质碘(4.55g,17.91mmol)溶于超干DMF(2mL)中,将碘溶液用注射器缓慢滴加到Zn粉溶液中,加毕,0℃下搅拌0.5h。氮气保护下在第二个烘干的三口瓶(100mL)中加入(R)-N-叔丁氧羰基-3-碘代丙氨酸甲酯(17.68g,53.73mmol)和10mL超干DMF,然后将该混合溶液用注射器抽出打入到第一个三口烧瓶中,室温反应2h。反应过程中用TLC板检测(R)-N-叔丁氧羰基-3-碘代丙氨酸甲酯是否反应完。氮气保护下将2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯(734.85mg,1.79mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(824.12mg,0.90mmol)、中间体2(6g,17.91mmol)和20mL超干DMF加入到第三个烘干的三口烧瓶(100mL)中,升温至60℃。将第一个三口烧瓶中的反应液缓慢滴加到第三个三口瓶中,加毕,保温60℃反应2h。
反应完毕,将反应液置于冰水浴中,缓慢加入水淬灭Zn试剂。过滤,除去多余的锌粉,滤液用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。萃取的有机相经饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤浓缩得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1,体积比),得到中间体3(5.2g,63.4%,淡黄色油状)。[M+H]+=459;[M-56]+=403;[M-Boc]+=359;[M-44]+=415。
Step 3:中间体4的制备
将中间体3(2.5g,5.36mmol)、10%钯碳(5.7g,5.36mmol)和四氢呋喃(25mL)加入到100mL圆底烧瓶中,置换氢气后室温反应2h。2h后未反应完,补加0.1当量的冰醋酸进行催化。反应完毕,反应液经过滤,减压浓缩得到中间体4(1.5g,88.2%,淡红色油状)。[M+H]+=325;[M-56]+=269;[M-Boc]+=225。
Step 4:中间体7的制备
将2,4-二氯-5-三氟甲基嘧啶(3g,13.83mmol)和TEA(2.80g,27.66mmol)加入到EtOH(30mL)中,降温至-80℃。向上述反应液中加入乙醇胺(844.74mg,13.83mmol),加毕,-80℃反应2h。TLC监测反应进程,反应完毕,升温至室温。减压浓缩得到粗产品。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10/1,体积比),得到中间体7(1.16g,34.8%,白色固体),[M+H]+=242。
Step 5:中间体8的制备
将中间体4(200mg,0.62mmol)、中间体7(178.35mg,0.74mmol)和乙酸(18.62mg,0.31mmol)加入到t-BuOH(2mL)中,氮气保护下升温至80℃反应16h。反应完毕,反应液使用乙酸乙酯萃取。萃取有机相经饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1,体积比),得到中间体8(300mg,92.0%,褐色油状)。[M+H]+=530;[M-56]+=474;[M-Boc]+=430。
Step 6:中间体9的制备
将中间体8(300mg,0.57mmol)和氢氧化锂(27.06mg,1.13mmol)加入到MeOH(4mL)/H2O(1mL)的混合液中,加毕,室温反应2h。反应完毕,反应液使用甲酸水溶液(1:10)调pH至弱酸性,随后加入乙酸乙酯萃取。萃取有机相经饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到中间体9(252mg,86.30%,褐色油状)。[M+H]+=516;[M-56]+=460;[M-Boc]+=416。
Step 7:目标化合物F-002的制备
将中间体9(250mg,0.49mmol)加入到3mL盐酸的1,4-二氧六环溶液(3.0M)中,室温反应2h。反应完毕,过滤得到粗产品。
将1mL异丙醇加入到粗产物中,升温至80℃使产品溶解,产品溶解后转移到室温下缓慢搅拌1h,有产物析出,过滤,干燥得到目标化合物F-002(141.3mg,64.55%)白色固体,纯度97.11%。[M+H]+=416。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.85(s,1H),8.81–8.13(m,5H),7.86(s,1H),7.17(s,1H),6.88(dd,J=8.1,1.7Hz,1H),4.24–4.12(m,1H),3.86(s,3H),3.61–3.46(m,4H),3.28–3.06(m,2H).
实施例3:目标化合物F-003的合成
合成路线如图3所示。
具体步骤如下:
Step 1:中间体2的制备
氮气保护下向烘干的第一个三口瓶(100mL)中加入Zn粉(1.57g,24mmol)和超干DMF(10mL),加毕,降温至0℃。称取单质碘(761mg,3mmol)溶于超干DMF(5mL)中,将碘溶液缓慢滴加到Zn粉溶液中,加毕,0℃下搅拌0.5h。随后向上述反应体系中加入(R)-N-叔丁氧羰基-3-碘代丙氨酸甲酯(2.96g,9mmol)的DMF溶液(5mL,超干),加毕,室温反应2h。反应过程中用TLC板检测(R)-N-叔丁氧羰基-3-碘代丙氨酸甲酯是否反应完。
氮气保护下将双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(60mg,0.15mmol)、中间体1(566mg,3mmol)和10mL超干DMF加入到另一个三口瓶(100mL)中,升温至70℃。将第一个三口瓶中制备的有机锌试剂缓慢滴加到上述中间体2的混合液中,加毕,保温70℃反应2h。
反应完毕,将反应液置于冰水浴中,缓慢加入饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭锌试剂。过滤,除去多余的锌粉,滤液用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。萃取的有机相经饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤浓缩得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3/1,体积比),得到中间体2(496mg,46.3%,淡黄色油状),[M+H]+=356。
Step 2:中间体3的制备
将中间体2(480mg,1.35mmol)溶于10mL无水乙醇中,待溶清后向反应液中加入铁粉(277mg,4.05mmol),氯化铵(360mg,6.8mmol)和3mL水,加毕,升温至50℃下搅拌6h。反应完毕,降温至室温。过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3/1,体积比),得到中间体3(356.9mg,81.2%,淡黄色油状),[M+H]+=325。
Step 3:中间体5的制备
将2,4-二氯-5-三氟甲基嘧啶(239.5mg,1.1mmol)和DIPEA(N,N-二异丙基乙胺,237.8mg,1.84mmol)加入到甲醇(10mL)中,室温下搅拌。向上述反应液中加入中间体3(300mg,0.92mmol),加毕,升温至50℃反应4h。TLC监测反应完毕,升温至室温。减压浓缩得到粗产品。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3/1,体积比),得到中间体5(167.9mg,36%,白色固体),[M+H]+=506。
Step 4:中间体7的制备
将中间体5(101mg,0.2mmol)、乙醇胺(50mg,0.8mmol)和三乙胺(80mg,0.8mmol)加入到乙腈(2mL)中,加毕,升温至50℃反应2h。TLC监测反应完毕,升温至室温。减压浓缩得到粗产品。粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱梯度为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1/1,体积比)得到中间体7(71mg,67.0%,白色固体),[M+H]+=531。
Step 5:中间体8的制备
将中间体7(58mg,0.11mmol)和氢氧化锂(5.3mg,0.22mmol)加入到MeOH(0.5mL)/H2O(2mL)的混合液中,加毕,室温反应2h。反应完毕,反应液使用甲酸水溶液(1:10)调pH至弱酸性,随后加入乙酸乙酯萃取五次(产物极性较大,需多次萃取)。萃取有机相经饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到中间体8(32.7mg,58.1%,白色固体),[M+H]+=517。
Step 6:目标化合物F-003的制备
向中间体8(30mg,0.058mmol)加入2mL 3.0M的盐酸1,4-二氧六环溶液,室温反应2h。反应完毕,过滤得到粗产品。
将0.5mL异丙醇加入到粗产物中,升温至80℃使产品溶解,产品溶解后转移到室温下缓慢搅拌1h,有产物析出,过滤,干燥得到目标化合物F-003(11mg,42.3%,白色固体),纯度95%,[M+H]+=417。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.37–9.19(m,2H),9.12–8.42(m,2H),8.33(s,1H),7.76(s,1H),7.47(s,1H),4.62(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.11(s,3H),3.70–3.46(m,6H)。
生物活性测试
蛋白结合实验:
试剂耗材:
LRRK2 G2019S酶(赛默飞),底物(LRRKtide)(赛默飞),ATP(赛默飞)TR-FRET稀释液(赛默飞),pLRRKtide抗体(赛默飞),384孔板(PE)DMSO(索莱宝)
实验过程:
所有待测化合物(包括阳性对照和待测样品)用DMSO稀释至1mM,得到相应的测试化合物溶液。35μL阳性化合物(结构式见表1,Genentech公司在文献(strada AA,Liu X,Baker-Glenn C,et.al.Discovery of highly potent,selective,and brain-penetrableleucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)small molecule inhibitors.J MedChem.2012Nov 26;55(22):9416-33.中公开的类似结构化合物,并参照该文献合成)溶液、35μL测试化合物溶液、35μL空白溶液次加入384孔板中,将板在2500rpm下离心1分钟,以1mM为初始浓度,3倍梯度稀释10个点,并且按照每孔100nL阳性化合物、测试化合物、空白孔溶液分别加入至另一块384测定板中,3个复孔,将板在2500rpm下离心1分钟并且在箔中密封待用。
酶反应:用测定缓冲液(赛默飞TR—FRET Dilution buffer)稀释LRRKtide底物和LRRK2G2019S激酶混合工作液(终浓度为LRRKtide底物:400nM和LRRK2 G2019S激酶:580ng/mL)加入到上述384测定板的所有样品孔中,每孔5μL,384测定板在23℃下孵育20分钟。孵育后,用测定缓冲液稀释2×ATP工作液(134μM)加入到每个孔中,每孔5mL,384测定板23℃下孵育60分钟。
检测:用测定缓冲液(TR-FRET Dilution buffer)稀释EDTA和pLRRKtide抗体得到混合工作液(终浓度为EDTA:10mM,pLRRKtide抗体:2nM)。随后向上述384测定板每孔中加入10μL该抗体混合工作液,23℃下孵育60分钟。340nm激发光,520nm荧光发射光和490nm铽发射光的TE-FRET模式中在酶标仪读板。
方法参考:J德比森特菲达尔戈等.化合物、组合物和方法:CN113939294A[P].2022-01-14。
各化合物的活性数据见表1。
表1.化合物活性数据表
由表1可知,本发明实施例所提供的系列新化合物,对于激酶LRRK2 G2019S有较强的抑制作用,相比于阳性结构对LRRK2 G2019S的抑制活性,尤其是本发明实施例1所提供的化合物F-001、实施例3中提供的化合物F-003对于突变型激酶LRRK2 G2019S均表现出了与其相当或更优的抑制作用。在制备预防和/或治疗体内基因LRRK2活性升高有关的疾病的药物中具有潜在的应用价值。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (9)
1.嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物,其特征在于,该衍生物的结构如通式(1)或通式(2)所示:
通式(1)中,
R1选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基;
R2选自H,F,Cl,Br,I;
n选自0,1,2;
Y选自-O-或-N-;
R3选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基及常见的各种O或N的保护基;
R4选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基及常见的各种N保护基;
或者,R3与R4为合在一起的一个基团,选自-C(=O)-、-CH2-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-CH2-、-(CH2-CH2)-、-C(=O)-C(=O)-;
通式(2)中,
R5选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基;
X选自-C-、或-N-;
R6选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基及常见的各种O保护基;
R7选自H、C1-3烷基、氧代C1-3烷基、卤代C1-3烷基及常见的各种N保护基。
5.权利要求1~4中任一项所述嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物作为富亮氨酸重复激酶2抑制剂的应用。
6.权利要求1~4中任一项所述嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物在制备治疗或预防帕金森病药物中的应用。
7.权利要求1~4中任一项所述嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物在制备治疗或预防慢性神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。
8.权利要求1~4中任一项所述嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物在制备抑制富亮氨酸重复激酶2的活性而预防和/或治疗疾病的药物中的应用。
9.一种药物组合物或制剂,包含权利要求1~4中任一项所述的嘧啶氨基芳基丙氨酸类衍生物,或其光学异构体,或其前体药物,或其药学上可接受的盐,或其水合物、溶剂化物、N-氧化物、氘代物。
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