CN116116375B - 一种复合型氨气除臭剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合型氨气除臭剂及其制备方法,该除臭剂由如下原料制备:SiO2、柠檬酸、氯化钙和氯化锌。复合型氨气除臭剂制备步骤如下:将SiO2与柠檬酸溶液进行反应得到柠檬酸改性SiO2;将SiO2与氯化锌悬液进行反应得到氯化锌改性SiO2;将SiO2与氯化钙溶液进行反应得到氯化钙改性SiO2;将柠檬酸改性SiO2、氯化锌改性SiO2和氯化钙改性SiO2混合均匀后,获得复合型氨气除臭剂,该复合氨气除臭剂含有的各组分之间相互促进,实现了协同增效的技术效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于畜牧业除臭剂领域,具体涉及一种复合型氨气除臭剂的制备与应用。
背景技术
在畜禽舍内,氨气被认为是危害最大的一种气体,不仅会刺激黏膜引发家禽多种呼吸道疾病,而且会提高肉鸡腹水症的发病概率,从而严重影响家禽的生产性能,对家禽养殖的危害非常严重,甚至过高浓度的氨气还会引起机体中毒,引起死亡。
畜禽舍中的氨气大部分来源于畜禽的排泄物,少部分来源于家禽的垫料中尿酸的分解。动物通过进食摄入蛋白质,蛋白质首先在胃中被水解成多肽或氨基酸,有一部分多肽或氨基酸被动物吸收利用,另一部分被肠道内的微生物分解,其余则被排出体外。被动物吸收的氨基酸经血液循环到达肝脏,经肝脏代谢后转化为尿素(哺乳动物)或尿酸(禽类)。在动物肠道内,一部分尿素或尿酸会被微生物水解成氨,其余的则被排出体外,排出体外的部分通过粪便中的微生物降解或者微生物酶的作用转化为氨。
另外,一些外部因素如pH、温度、水分含量、垫料类型、动物年龄、清粪频率、相对湿度和通风率等因素,也可影响禽舍内氨气浓度。我国标准《GB/T 18407.3-2001》规定:雏鸡舍中氨气的含量应低于10mg/m3(约13ppm),成鸡舍中应低于15mg/m3(约20ppm)。
目前,主要是通过外源手段控制氨气排放,如清理粪便残渣和尿污从而减少氨气生成,使用吸附物质中和氨气,但吸附物质的效果均不理想。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明提供了一种复合型氨气除臭剂制备方法,包括如下步骤:将SiO2与柠檬酸溶液进行反应得到柠檬酸改性SiO2;将SiO2与氯化锌悬液进行反应得到氯化锌改性SiO2;将SiO2与氯化钙溶液进行反应得到氯化钙改性SiO2;将柠檬酸改性SiO2、氯化锌改性SiO2和氯化钙改性SiO2混合均匀后,获得复合型氨气除臭剂,该复合氨气除臭剂含有的各组分之间相互促进,实现了协同增效的技术效果。
本发明一方面提供了一种复合型氨气除臭剂,由如下质量份的原料制备:SiO285-95份、柠檬酸13-17份、氯化钙38-46份、氯化锌1份。
本发明另一方面提供了一种上述复合型氨气除臭剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将SiO2与柠檬酸溶液加入反应釜中,反应后冷却烘干,得到柠檬酸改性SiO2;
(2)将SiO2与氯化锌悬液加入反应釜中,反应后冷却烘干,得到氯化锌改性SiO2;
(3)将SiO2与氯化钙溶液加入反应釜中,反应后冷却煅烧,得到氯化钙改性SiO2;
(4)按质量比柠檬酸改性SiO2:氯化锌改性SiO2:氯化钙改性SiO2=2-4:0.5-1.5:5-9,混合均匀后,获得复合型氨气除臭剂。
进一步的,步骤(1)中反应温度为68-72℃,反应时间为1.8-2.2h;烘干温度为78-82℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)中反应温度为78-82℃,反应时间为1.8-2.2h;烘干温度为98-102℃。
进一步的,步骤(3)中反应温度为78-82℃,反应时间为1.8-2.2h;煅烧温度为238-242℃。
进一步的,步骤(1)中柠檬酸溶液浓度为14-16wt%。
进一步的,步骤(1)中柠檬酸为如下任一种:无水柠檬酸、一水柠檬酸、二水柠檬酸。
进一步的,步骤(2)中氯化锌悬液浓度为1-3wt%。
进一步的,步骤(3)中氯化钙溶液浓度为18-22wt%。
本发明另一方面提供了上述复合型氨气除臭剂在吸附氨气中的应用。
有益效果:
1、本发明制备工序简单,使用氯化钙、柠檬酸、氯化锌对SiO2结合烘干、煅烧工艺进行改性,改性后的SiO2对氨气的吸收效果强于单独使用氯化钙、柠檬酸、氯化锌及SiO2。
2、本发明通过将柠檬酸改性SiO2、氯化锌改性SiO2、氯化钙改性SiO2按照3:1:7质量比混合,制备复合型氨气除臭剂,使得该复合型氨气除臭剂对氨气的吸收效果强于单独使用各组分,各组分之间相互促进,实现了1+1>2的协同增效的技术效果。
3、本发明制备的复合型氨气除臭剂具有较强的氨气吸附能力,可直接接触皮肤,可用于宠物垫料。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不仅仅限于这些实施例。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料,均不限制结晶水,如使用含结晶水的原材料,需按照无结晶水原材料的用量进行换算。SiO2原料为沉淀法生产,其它所用试剂和设备均为市售,无特殊要求。
在应用实施例1-3中,实验样品的“NH3”含量检测均使用凯氏定氮仪检测实验后样品的“N”含量,同时测定样品本身含有的“N”含量,通过计算得出样品的“NH3”。
实施例1:
一种复合型氨气除臭剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)76g无水柠檬酸(不限定结晶水形式)与431g水加入该反应釜中,形成溶液后,将127gSiO2材料加入反应釜中,70℃反应2h,反应釜冷却后,将材料取出,在空气氛围中80℃烘干,得到柠檬酸改性SiO2;
(2)5g氯化锌(不限定结晶水形式)与245g水加入反应釜中,形成溶液后,将63gSiO2材料加入该反应釜中,80℃反应2h,反应釜冷却后,将材料取出,在空气氛围中100℃烘干,得到氯化锌改性SiO2;
(3)210g无水氯化钙(不限定结晶水形式)与841g水加入反应釜中,形成溶液后,将263g SiO2材料加入反应釜中,80℃反应2h,反应釜冷却后,将材料取出,在空气氛围中240℃煅烧材料,得到氯化钙改性SiO2;
(4)将步骤(1)、(2)、(3)所得改性样品,按质量比3:1:7全部混合均匀,即可得到所需复合型氨气除臭剂。
实施例2
一种复合型氨气除臭剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)600g无水柠檬酸(不限定结晶水形式,也可使用1水柠檬酸、2水柠檬酸)与3400g水加入该反应釜中,形成溶液后,将1000gSiO2材料加入反应釜中,70℃反应2h,反应釜冷却后,将材料取出,在空气氛围中80℃烘干,得到柠檬酸改性SiO2;
(2)80g氯化锌(不限定结晶水形式)与3920g水加入反应釜中,形成均匀的悬溶液后,将1000g SiO2材料加入该反应釜,80℃反应2h,反应釜冷却后,将材料取出,在空气氛围中100℃烘干,得到氯化锌改性SiO2;
(3)800g无水氯化钙(不限定结晶水形式)与3200g水加入反应釜中,形成溶液后,将1000g SiO2材料加入反应釜中,80℃反应2h,反应釜冷却后,将材料取出,在空气氛围中240℃煅烧,得到氯化钙改性SiO2;
(4)将步骤(1)、(2)、(3)所得改性样品,按质量比3:1:7全部混合均匀,即可得到所需复合型氨气除臭剂。
在应用实施例1-4中,所用复合型氨气除臭剂均为实施例1制备而成。
应用实施例1:
实验1:分别取10g复合型氨气除臭剂、水、活性炭、SiO2材料于100mm培养皿中,将样品平铺并敞口放置,再将其放置在400mm干燥器中,并在干燥器底部注入8g浓氨水,最后干燥器盖子盖好并密封好,使其内部形成高浓度高湿度氨气环境。12h后取出样品,称重,并检测实验样品的“NH3”含量。
实验2:分别取10g复合型氨气除臭剂、水、活性炭、SiO2材料于100mm培养皿中,将样品平铺并敞口放置,再将其放置在400mm干燥器中,并在干燥器底部注入6g浓氨水,最后干燥器盖子盖好并密封好,使其内部形成高浓度高湿度氨气环境。12h后取出样品,称重,并检测实验样品的“NH3”含量。
实验3:分别取10g复合型氨气除臭剂、水、活性炭、SiO2材料于100mm培养皿中,将样品平铺并敞口放置,再将其放置在400mm干燥器中,并在干燥器底部注入2.5g浓氨水,最后干燥器盖子盖好并密封好,使其内部形成高浓度高湿度氨气环境。12h后取出样品,称重,并检测实验样品的“NH3”含量。
结果表明
实验1:复合型氨气除臭剂此条件下对氨气的吸收可达初始质量的13.1%,水、活性炭、SiO2对氨气的吸收量均为0.8%左右。
实验2:复合型氨气除臭剂此条件下对氨气的吸收可达初始质量的12.7%,水、活性炭、SiO2对氨气的吸收量均不足0.1%。
实验3:复合型氨气除臭剂此条件下对氨气的吸收可达初始质量的5.1%,水、活性炭、SiO2对氨气的吸收量均不足0.1%。
应用实施例2:
实验4:分别取10g复合型氨气除臭剂、氯化钙改性SiO2、无水氯化钙,水,SiO2,将样品平铺并敞口放置,再将其放置在400mm干燥器中,并在干燥器底部注入10g浓氨水,最后干燥器盖子盖好并密封好,使其内部形成高浓度高湿度氨气环境。12h后取出样品,称重,并检测实验样品的“NH3”含量。
实验5:分别取10g复合型氨气除臭剂、柠檬酸改性SiO2、1水合柠檬酸,水,SiO2,将样品平铺并敞口放置,再将其放置在400mm干燥器中,并在干燥器底部注入10g浓氨水,最后干燥器盖子盖好并密封好,使其内部形成高浓度高湿度氨气环境。12h后取出样品,称重,并检测实验样品的“NH3”含量。
实验6:分别取10g复合型氨气除臭剂、氯化锌改性SiO2、无水氯化锌,水,SiO2,将样品平铺并敞口放置,再将其放置在400mm干燥器中,并在干燥器底部注入10g浓氨水,最后干燥器盖子盖好并密封好,使其内部形成高浓度高湿度氨气环境。12h后取出样品,称重,并检测实验样品的“NH3”含量。
结果表明
实验4:复合型氨气除臭剂此条件下对氨气的吸收可达初始质量的12.53%,氯化钙改性SiO2对氨气的吸收量可达初始质量的6.20%,无水氯化钙对氨气的吸收量为5.14%。水、SiO2对氨气的吸收量均不足0.1%。
实验5:复合型氨气除臭剂此条件下对氨气的吸收可达初始质量的11.51%,柠檬酸改性SiO2对氨气的吸收量可达初始质量的6.44%,1水合柠檬酸对氨气的吸收量可达初始质量的4.17%,水、SiO2对氨气的吸收量均不足0.1%。
实验6:复合型氨气除臭剂此条件下对氨气的吸收可达初始质量的14.40%,氯化锌改性SiO2对氨气的吸收量可达初始质量的2.69%,氯化锌对氨气的吸收量可达初始质量的1.41%。水、SiO2对氨气的吸收量分别为1.41%、1.07%。
应用实施例3:
实验7:分别取10g复合型氨气除臭剂、氯化钙改性SiO2、柠檬酸改性SiO2、氯化锌改性SiO2于100mm培养皿中,将样品平铺并敞口放置,再将其放置在400mm干燥器中,并在干燥器底部注入10g浓氨水,最后干燥器盖子盖好并密封好,使其内部形成高浓度高湿度氨气环境。12h后取出样品,称重,并检测实验样品的“NH3”含量。
结果表明,复合型氨气除臭剂此条件下对氨气的吸收可达初始质量的11.51%,氯化钙改性SiO2、柠檬酸改性SiO2、氯化锌改性SiO2,对氨气的吸收量分别为5.18%、5.67%、1.21%,水、SiO2对氨气的吸收量均不足0.1%,本发明制备的复合型氨气除臭剂为柠檬酸改性SiO2:氯化锌改性SiO2:氯化钙改性SiO2=3:1:7(质量比)混合,各组分之间相互促进,实现了协同增效的技术效果。
应用实施例4:
实验小鼠养殖过程中,在玉米芯养殖垫料中使用复合型氨气除臭剂,复合型氨气除臭剂添加量为垫料质量的2%。
选择16只体重为35±2g的青年昆明小鼠,随机分为4笼,每笼4只,其中2笼使用普通垫料,其余2笼选择复合型氨气除臭剂垫料,每7天统一更换1次垫料,每次400g垫料,每次更换垫料前及更换后,使用携式氨气检测仪(SY6000)测定NH3,测量时将仪器探头放在鼠笼内部测定NH3的浓度,饲养实验共持续试验29天。
结果:使用普通垫料和复合型氨气除臭剂垫料的鼠盒在更换新垫料后氨气平均浓度0.08-0.11mg/m3;每次更换垫料饲喂7天后,使用普通垫料的鼠盒氨气平均浓度为2.85mg/m3,使用复合型氨气除臭剂垫料的实验组氨气平均浓度为0.43mg/m3。在更换垫料时可以明显感觉到使用复合型氨气除臭剂垫料的鼠盒相比于未使用复合型氨气除臭剂的鼠盒异味更淡。
以上实施例仅是对本发明的解释和具体实施方式和实施效果进行举例,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对发明做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (9)
1.一种复合型氨气除臭剂的制备方法,其特征在于,由如下质量份的原料制备:SiO285-95份、柠檬酸13-17份、氯化钙38-46份、氯化锌1份;
其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将SiO2与柠檬酸溶液加入反应釜中,反应后冷却烘干,得到柠檬酸改性SiO2;
(2)将SiO2与氯化锌悬液加入反应釜中,反应后冷却烘干,得到氯化锌改性SiO2;
(3)将SiO2与氯化钙溶液加入反应釜中,反应后冷却煅烧,得到氯化钙改性SiO2;
(4)按质量比柠檬酸改性SiO2:氯化锌改性SiO2:氯化钙改性SiO2=2-4:0.5-1.5:5-9,混合均匀后,获得复合型氨气除臭剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述反应温度为68-72℃,反应时间为1.8-2.2h;所述烘干温度为78-82℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述反应温度为78-82℃,反应时间为1.8-2.2h;所述烘干温度为98-102℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述反应温度为78-82℃,反应时间为1.8-2.2h;所述煅烧温度为238-242℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述柠檬酸溶液浓度为14-16wt%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述柠檬酸为如下任一种:无水柠檬酸、一水柠檬酸、二水柠檬酸。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氯化锌悬液浓度为1-3wt%。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氯化钙溶液浓度为18-22wt%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法制备的复合型氨气除臭剂在吸附氨气中的应用。
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