CN115875097B - New energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high-temperature heat storage and coal motor group - Google Patents
New energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high-temperature heat storage and coal motor group Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a new energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high-temperature heat storage and a coal motor group, which is based on traditional two-tank solar salt heat storage, and provides a four-tank cascade heat storage and exchange system using two heat storage fused salts, wherein an ultra-high-temperature fused salt tank adopts a mode of airtight introducing protective atmosphere. The system design widens the use temperature range of molten salt, balances the economic reduction caused by steel upgrading due to the use temperature rise, and ensures the safe reliability of the system operation to the greatest extent. The new energy consumption system comprises: the system comprises a cascade heat storage system, a cascade heat exchange system, an electric heating system and an atmosphere protection system. The system operation method comprises the following steps: when the wind, light and electricity are rich, starting a heating mode, and releasing heat to generate electricity in a power consumption peak period; when the surplus wind, light and electricity quantity is insufficient and the stored heat energy of the high-temperature salt melting tank is lower than a preset threshold value, the boiler is started to carry out auxiliary heating on steam, and continuous, flexible and low-carbon power output meeting the power grid requirements is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to a new energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high-temperature heat storage and a coal motor group.
Background
In recent years, wind power, photovoltaic and wind-solar complementary power generation systems are rapidly developed, and because wind power, photovoltaic and wind-solar complementary power generation are unstable, the capacity of an unstable power supply contained in a power grid is limited, so that wind energy and solar energy are generated, and the power grid cannot bear all.
In the prior art of combining a power plant and Thermal Energy Storage (TES), the capacity of thermal energy storage is usually smaller, and most of the charging heat comes from the superheated steam of the power plant in a valley period or the surplus power generated by a turbine generator set, so that the purpose of realizing thermal decoupling is to improve the power generation flexibility ("Technical Feasibility Study of Thermal Energy Storage Integration into the Conventional Power Plant Cycle",Wojcik, Wang,2017;"Study of supercritical power plant integration with high temperature thermal energy storage for flexible operation",Li, Wang,2018;"Improving the load flexibility of coal-fired power plants by the integration of athermal energy storage",Richter, ,2019;"Design and performance evaluation of a new thermal energy storage system integrated within a coal-fired power plant-ScienceDirect",zhang, and the like, 2022) and enlarge the load output range of the power plant. The energy-saving and energy-saving system is characterized by smaller heat energy storage capacity and low temperature, and is still based on coal burning, and the situation of burning fossil energy is not really changed. For example, patent: CN 201020168393.4-a solar heat collection, energy storage and backheating device applied to a thermal generator set, CN 202122917389.4-a waste heat energy storage and photo-thermal power generation coupling system of a coal-fired generator set, CN 202210190079.3-a thermal power unit reconstruction photo-thermal power storage power generation system, a reconstruction method and CN 202110992618.0-a wind power photovoltaic power generation auxiliary coal-fired unit flexible operation system.
Little research has been done on retrofitting coal-fired power plants for grid energy storage (charging and discharging from the grid), the german aerospace center (DLR) program has been to retrofit a molten salt storage system for grid energy storage (Huang et al, 2021; shrimali and Jindal, 2020) based on the existing 250MWe subcritical coal-fired power plant in chile, which utilizes variable renewable electricity to charge a double-tank molten salt thermal energy storage unit, during peak hours, the heat of the molten salt storage being released to heat steam for power generation, but specific design details are not disclosed.
For a system for energy storage of a power grid by reforming a coal-fired power plant through thermal energy storage, the temperature of the thermal energy storage needs to reach 580 ℃ and above, so that the requirement of main steam temperature (usually 566 ℃) of the power plant can be met, german DLR research shows that the stable working temperature of solar salt can be improved to about 600 ℃ under the protection of atmosphere, but the solar salt is only a laboratory level test conclusion, and how to economically design the heat storage type coal power plant has not been reported yet. Studies have shown that binary nitrate solar salts are corroding more often at high temperatures greater than 580 c, and that the use of high strength corrosion resistant nickel-base alloy steels, such as Inconel 625, slows down the corrosion, but the cost of nickel-base alloy steels is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a new energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high-temperature heat storage and a coal motor group, which can directly generate high-temperature high-pressure steam to generate electricity so as to realize clean low-carbon, flexible and adjustable electric energy output of a thermal power plant. In particular, the disadvantages of the prior art are avoided. The technical problem of the invention is to provide an operation method of the new energy consumption system based on coupling of the cascade high-temperature heat storage and the coal motor group.
The invention provides a new energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high-temperature heat storage and a coal motor group, which comprises a heat storage system and a heat exchange system which are connected with each other.
Wherein, heat storage system includes: the device comprises a high-temperature heat storage material, an ultrahigh-temperature heat storage material, a high-temperature molten salt heating tank, an ultrahigh-temperature molten salt heating tank, a low-temperature molten salt tank, a first high-temperature molten salt tank, a second high-temperature molten salt tank and an ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank; the heat storage system converts redundant electric energy into heat energy through the high-temperature molten salt heating tank and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt heating tank and stores the heat energy in the first high-temperature molten salt tank and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank; the redundant electric energy comprises at least one of redundant electric energy output by peripheral photovoltaics and/or wind power plants and electric energy which cannot be consumed in a power grid.
The heat exchange system comprises a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is of a winding pipe type structure and is arranged in a pressure vessel; the heat exchanger is used for outputting supercritical steam based on heat energy stored by the first high-temperature molten salt tank and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank, and the supercritical steam pushes the turbine generator set to generate power; the heat exchanger comprises a preheater, a water-steam conversion section, a high-temperature superheater and an ultra-high-temperature superheater which are sequentially connected, and a high-temperature reheater connected with the preheater and an ultra-high-temperature reheater connected with the high-temperature reheater; the ultra-high temperature superheater and the ultra-high temperature reheater operate under the protection of the atmosphere.
Further, the low-temperature molten salt tank, the high-temperature molten salt tank (comprising a first high-temperature molten salt tank and a second high-temperature molten salt tank) and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank are made of different tank materials, the tank materials of the low-temperature molten salt tank are carbon steel, the tank materials of the high-temperature molten salt tank are stainless steel, the material of the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank is nickel-based alloy steel, and the larger the using temperature difference of the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank for storing molten salt is, the smaller the volume of the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank is, so that the economy is better. The corresponding ultrahigh temperature heat exchange section is also independently made into a heat exchanger, namely the superheater is divided into a high temperature superheater (a second heat exchange section) and an ultrahigh temperature superheater (a first heat exchange section), and the high temperature reheater (the second heat exchange section) and the ultrahigh temperature superheater (the first heat exchange section) are convenient to control. Compared with the traditional two-tank type, the three-tank cascade type nickel-based alloy material is greatly reduced. The ultra-high temperature molten salt tank adopts a closed tank body, and protective gas is filled in the tank body, so that the operation of atmosphere control is also convenient.
Further, the heat exchanger is divided into a multi-stage structure of a preheater, a water-steam conversion section, a high-temperature superheater, an ultrahigh-temperature superheater, a high-temperature reheater and an ultrahigh-temperature reheater, so that the volume of a pressure container of the heat exchange system is not too large, the power generation efficiency of steam and the utilization rate of stored heat energy in molten salt are improved, the safety and stability of power generation are ensured, meanwhile, the superheater is divided into the high-temperature superheater and the ultrahigh-temperature superheater, the reheater is divided into the high-temperature reheater and the ultrahigh-temperature reheater, and the heat storage salt melting tank is divided into the first high-temperature salt melting tank, the second high-temperature salt melting tank and the ultrahigh-temperature salt melting tank, and the binary nitrate solar salt is subjected to atmosphere protection only when in ultrahigh temperature, so that the usage amount of atmosphere protection is reduced, the volume of the ultrahigh-temperature tank body is reduced, and the input cost of the tank body is reduced, and the running cost is saved.
The invention also provides an operation method of the new energy consumption system based on coupling of the cascade high-temperature heat storage and the coal motor group, which comprises the following steps: obtaining chargeable redundant electric energy, wherein the redundant electric energy comprises at least one of redundant electric energy output by peripheral photovoltaics and/or wind power plants and electric energy which cannot be consumed in a power grid; converting the redundant electrical energy into thermal energy and storing the thermal energy in a thermal storage system; based on the output load percentage of the current demand, a mapping relation between the output load and the flow and a mapping relation between the output load and the heat exchange section are applied to determine the heat exchange section put into the heat exchange system; outputting molten salt flow corresponding to the load percentage, adjusting a heat exchange section adjusting valve group, and closing an adjusting valve which is not put into a heat exchange section; the heat energy in the heat storage system is subjected to gradual heat release to generate supercritical steam to drive a turbine generator set to perform work and power generation; determining stored heat energy in the heat storage system in real time, opening a boiler regulating valve group between a steam outlet of a boiler and a steam inlet of a steam turbine generator set when the stored heat energy is lower than a preset threshold value, and starting the boiler to assist the heat exchange system to generate electricity; otherwise, closing the boiler and the boiler regulating valve group. The operation method provided by the invention can be used for greatly absorbing new energy electricity or low-valley electricity which is not needed by the power grid, so that the power generation cost is reduced, and the continuous, flexible and low-carbon power output meeting the power grid requirement is realized.
The invention utilizes the fact that the system can lead the temperature of the thermal energy storage material to reach 580 ℃ and above through atmosphere protection, and can directly generate high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical steam to generate electricity so as to realize clean low-carbon, flexible and adjustable electric energy output of the thermal power plant.
The invention utilizes the fact that the system can realize the coal-free electric energy output under the condition of abundant wind, light and sufficient electric quantity; under the condition that the surplus wind, light and electricity are not sufficient or continuous overcast and rainy weather is met, the combined boiler operates to generate electricity, so that the electricity generation coal consumption rate of the thermal power plant is reduced to the greatest extent, and new energy electricity or off-peak electricity which is not needed by the power grid is consumed in a large amount, so that the electricity discarding rate is reduced, and the carbon dioxide emission of the thermal power plant for power generation is reduced; the equipment of the original thermal power plant and the transmission line of the original thermal power plant are utilized, so that the power generation cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat storage system and a heat exchange system coupled to a power plant according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of a heat exchange process of using Hitec salt as an ultra-high temperature heat storage material and using binary solar nitrate salt as high temperature salt;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of reheating process of Hitec salt as an ultra-high temperature heat storage material and binary nitrate solar salt as high temperature salt provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an operation method of the new energy consumption system based on coupling of the cascade high-temperature heat storage and the coal motor group;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of power generation efficiency curves of a low-coal thermal power plant and a raw thermal power plant under different loads based on a new energy consumption system of cascade high-temperature heat storage and coal motor group coupling.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present invention will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Aiming at the related technical problems of a system for storing heat by absorbing surplus wind and photoelectrically and realizing the output of a low-coal, low-carbon and flexible power supply by combining the heat storage system with a thermal power plant, the embodiment of the invention provides a detailed thermodynamic system scheme and parameters. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat storage system and a heat exchange system coupled to a power plant according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, mainly, new energy consumption in a supercritical thermal power plant mainly uses a heat storage system and a heat exchange system and uses a boiler as an auxiliary power generation, so as to realize clean low-carbon, flexible and adjustable electric energy output, and the new energy consumption comprises: a heat storage system and a heat exchange system;
The heat storage system includes: the high-temperature heat storage material, the ultra-high-temperature heat storage material, the high-temperature molten salt heating tank 130, the ultra-high-temperature molten salt heating tank 140, the low-temperature molten salt tank 120, the first high-temperature molten salt tank 110, the second high-temperature molten salt tank 160 and the ultra-high-temperature molten salt tank 150; the heat storage system heats the high-temperature heat storage material through the high-temperature molten salt heating tank 130 by the redundant electric energy, converts the electric energy into heat energy and stores the heat energy in the first high-temperature molten salt tank 110, and further heats the ultrahigh-temperature heat storage material stored in the second high-temperature molten salt tank 160 through the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt heating tank 140 by the redundant electric energy, and further converts the electric energy into heat energy and stores the heat energy in the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank 150; The redundant electric energy comprises at least one of redundant electric energy output by peripheral photovoltaics and/or wind power plants and electric energy which cannot be consumed in a power grid; the high-temperature heat storage material is binary nitrate solar salt which consists of 60% of NaNO 3 and 40% of KNO 3; the ultra-high temperature heat storage material is one of Hitec salt, chlorine salt and carbonate, wherein the Hitec salt consists of 7% of NaNO 3, 53% of KNO 3 and 40% of NaNO 2; The chloride salt consists of 7.5% NaCl, 23.9% KCl and 68.6% ZnCl 2, or 37.5% MgCl 2 and 62.5% KCl; the carbonate consists of 33.4% Na 2CO3%, 34.5% K 2CO3 and 32.1% Li 2CO3; The second high temperature molten salt tank 160 and the ultra-high temperature molten salt tank 150 are sealed and are filled with a protective gas; the second high temperature molten salt tank 160, the ultra-high temperature molten salt heating tank 140 and the ultra-high temperature molten salt tank 150 operate under the protection of atmosphere; if nitrate is adopted, the gas component of the atmosphere protection comprises mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen, and the partial pressure ratio of the oxygen is 20% -80%; the operating temperatures of the second high-temperature molten salt tank, the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt heating tank and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank are greater than or equal to 565 ℃;
The heat exchange system comprises a heat exchanger, the structure of the heat exchanger is a winding pipe type, and the heat exchanger is arranged in the pressure vessel; the heat exchanger includes a preheater 210, a water-steam converting section 220, a high temperature superheater 230 and an ultra-high temperature superheater 250, which are sequentially connected, and a high temperature reheater 240 connected to the preheater 210 and an ultra-high temperature reheater 260 connected to the high temperature reheater 240; the ultra-high temperature superheater and the ultra-high temperature reheater operate under the protection of atmosphere;
the heat exchange system is connected with the heat storage system, and the heat exchanger is used for outputting supercritical steam based on heat energy stored in the high-temperature molten salt tank 110 and the ultra-high-temperature molten salt tank 150, and the supercritical steam pushes the turbine generator set to generate electricity;
When the stored heat energy of the high-temperature salt melting tank 110 is lower than a preset threshold value, the steam turbine generator set is connected with a boiler outside the new energy consumption system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the boiler is started, and the heat storage system and the heat exchange system are assisted to generate power.
And in consideration of low permeability of wind power and photovoltaic in a power grid, more redundant electric quantity can be generated by the wind power and the photovoltaic, and a part of redundant electric quantity is used as a heat source of the thermal power plant, so that the consumption of coal burning and carbon emission of the thermal power plant can be greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the temperature of supercritical steam is 566 ℃, and the heat storage purpose at the temperature can be met by several materials such as inorganic fused salt, concrete, solid particles and the like. Concrete can be used at a temperature above 600 ℃, but the heat conductivity coefficient of concrete is low (1.5 Wm -1K-1), and the concrete-water/steam heat exchanger is difficult. For solid particles, which can also operate over a wide temperature range above 600 ℃, solid particle exchangers are currently being developed for third generation photo-thermal (CSP) devices using supercritical nitrogen dioxide. The main difficulties in using solid particles as a heat storage material are electrical heating systems and heat exchanger systems with low effective thermal conductivity. The molten salt can stably run at the temperature higher than 580 ℃ under the action of protective atmosphere, and is suitable for generating supercritical steam 566 ℃, so that the embodiment of the invention uses inorganic salt as a heat storage material.
Considering that if only a first-stage molten salt tank with the temperature higher than 580 ℃ is used, namely inorganic salt is directly heated to 580 ℃ for storage through one-time heating, a large amount of atmosphere protection gas, a large amount of ultrahigh temperature heat storage materials and a large volume of high temperature resistant corrosion resistant nickel-based alloy tank body are needed, and the economic cost is high, the molten salt tank is divided into two stages, the first stage is used for heating a large amount of binary nitrate solar salt to the highest temperature of stable storage under normal pressure air and storing the binary nitrate solar salt in the first high temperature molten salt tank, the second stage is used for heating the ultrahigh temperature heat storage materials stored in the second high temperature molten salt tank to the temperature higher than 580 ℃ and storing the inorganic salt in the ultrahigh temperature molten salt tank with protective atmosphere, and the larger the using temperature area of the ultrahigh temperature heat storage materials is, the smaller the tank body cost is reduced. The protective gas for the corresponding atmosphere protection of the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank is reduced, and the control is relatively easy.
In view of extreme weather, such as continuous multi-day large area seamless or overcast day no sunlight weather, there is less redundant power output by the peripheral photovoltaic and/or wind farm. Therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, the boiler is still reserved to be connected with the steam turbine generator set, and when the stored heat energy of the high-temperature molten salt tank 110 is lower than the preset threshold value, the boiler is started to assist the heat storage system and the heat exchange system to generate power in a parallel connection mode.
The heat transfer from molten salt to supercritical water/steam is critical to the coupled system, and embodiments of the present invention need to deal with a 600MW thermal power plant, so that the volume of the pressure vessel in which the heat exchanger is located is not excessive, and therefore it is necessary to divide the heat exchanger into multiple stages. Meanwhile, in order to improve the power generation efficiency of steam and the utilization rate of heat energy stored in molten salt, and to be safe and stable, the embodiment of the invention divides the heat exchanger into a preheater 210, a water-steam conversion section 220, a high-temperature superheater 230, a high-temperature reheater 240, an ultrahigh-temperature superheater 250 and an ultrahigh-temperature reheater 260 which are sequentially connected, and are respectively arranged in different pressure vessels, and the reheating steam of a first reheating temperature is generated by gradually releasing the heat energy of binary nitrate solar salt and the high-temperature reheater 240 reheating the outlet steam of the high-pressure cylinder through the heat energy of the binary nitrate solar salt, and the reheating steam of the first reheating temperature is heated to the reheating steam of a second reheating temperature through the ultrahigh-temperature reheater 260, and the reheating steam of the second reheating temperature works for power generation of the turbine generator set, so that the heat energy utilization rate is improved, and the power generation efficiency is further improved.
Preferably, the winding type heat exchanger has the characteristics of wide temperature range, adaptation to thermal shock, self elimination of thermal stress and high compactness, and has no flow dead zone due to the self structure, thereby being beneficial to the flow of binary nitrate solar salt. Therefore, the heat exchanger provided in the embodiment of the present invention has a winding pipe type structure, that is, the structures of the preheater 210, the water-steam converting section 220, the high temperature superheater 230, the high temperature reheater 240, the ultra-high temperature superheater 250 and the ultra-high temperature reheater 260 are all winding pipes and are respectively placed in respective pressure vessels.
It should be noted that, the electric-thermal conversion in the molten salt heating tank 130 may be used as an electric immersion heater, an electromagnetic induction heater, an electrode heater, or other electric-thermal conversion devices, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention.
Further, the heat exchanger in the heat exchange system outputs supercritical steam by using the heat energy stored in the high-temperature molten salt tank 110 in the heat storage system, and the flow of pushing the turbine generator set by the supercritical steam is shown in fig. 1, which specifically comprises the following steps:
The preheater 210 in the heat exchange system heats the feed water output from the steam turbine generator set by the binary nitrate solar salt output from the water-steam conversion stage 220 and the high temperature reheater 240 to water of a first temperature, and inputs the binary nitrate solar salt with heat exchange completion into the low temperature molten salt tank 120 to wait for heating. The water-steam conversion stage 220 heats the binary solar nitrate salt outputted from the high temperature superheater 230 to the water of the first temperature outputted from the preheater 210 to generate steam of the second temperature, the steam of the second temperature is separated by the steam-water separator 221, and pure steam of the second temperature is inputted into the high temperature superheater 230, and simultaneously the heat-exchanged binary solar nitrate salt is inputted into the preheater 210. The high temperature superheater 230 heats the binary nitrate solar salt outputted from the high temperature molten salt tank 110 to the steam of the second temperature outputted from the water-steam conversion stage 220 to generate superheated steam of a third temperature, and inputs the superheated steam of the third temperature into the ultra-high temperature superheater 250, while inputting the heat-exchanged binary nitrate solar salt into the water-steam conversion stage 220. The ultra-high temperature superheater heats the ultra-high temperature heat storage material outputted from the ultra-high temperature salt melting tank 150 to the superheated steam of the third temperature outputted from the high temperature superheater 230 to generate the supercritical steam of the fourth temperature (the superheated steam of the fourth temperature), and inputs the supercritical steam into the turbine of the power plant to do work and generate electricity, while inputting the heat exchanged ultra-high temperature heat storage material into the second high temperature salt melting tank 160. The high temperature reheater 240 reheats the binary nitrate solar salt outputted from the first high temperature molten salt tank 110 to the high pressure cylinder outlet steam outputted from the steam turbine to generate reheat steam of a first reheat temperature, and inputs the reheat steam of the first reheat temperature into the ultra high temperature reheater 260. The ultra-high temperature reheater 260 heats the reheat steam of the first reheat temperature by the ultra-high temperature heat storage material output from the ultra-high temperature molten salt tank 150 to generate reheat steam of the second reheat temperature, and inputs the reheat steam of the second reheat temperature into a turbine generator set of the power plant to perform work and generate power, and simultaneously inputs the heat exchange completed ultra-high temperature heat storage material into the second high temperature molten salt tank 160. The turbine generator set of the power plant inputs the high-pressure cylinder outlet steam with finished work into the reheater 240; the reheater 240 inputs the reheated steam to a turbine generator set of the power plant to perform work and generate power, and the turbine generator set of the power plant inputs the feedwater generated by the completion of the work to the preheater 210.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of a heat exchange process of using the Hitec salt as an ultra-high temperature heat storage material and using the binary solar nitrate salt as a high temperature salt, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of a reheating process of using the Hitec salt as an ultra-high temperature heat storage material and using the binary solar nitrate salt as a high temperature salt. The heat exchange of binary nitrate solar salt with subcritical water/steam generally employs an evaporator to accomplish the phase change of water-steam at a fixed temperature. For supercritical water of 24.2MPa, the steam-water conversion process is very short, isothermal phase transition does not exist, but the change of specific heat is larger than subcritical change when water is converted into steam at 375-410 ℃, and detailed calculation of heat transfer between molten salt and supercritical water/steam is needed. To increase the flexibility of the heat exchange system, the heat exchange sections are discretized into small sections, such as sections I through VI shown in fig. 1. The water vapor property is described by IAPWS industrial formulation 1997 or IAPWS-if97. For safety and stability, the water-steam conversion section is provided with a steam-water separator between the sections II and III shown in figure 1 in a single pressure vessel. The IV section, the V section and the VI section have larger heat exchange temperature difference, at the momentThe loss is large, wherein the IV section and the V section are arranged in one pressure vessel, the VI section is independently arranged in one pressure vessel, as shown in figure 2, the salt temperature interval of the I section can be 310-360 ℃, the salt temperature interval of the II section can be 360-380 ℃, the salt temperature interval of the III section can be 380-410 ℃, the salt temperature interval of the IV section can be 410-490 ℃, the salt temperature of the V section is 490-550 ℃, and the salt temperature interval of the VI section is 550-660 ℃.
The design of the reheater is based on a logarithmic mean temperature difference method, since the specific heat is almost constant at a pressure of 4.9 MPa. The reheating system is arranged between 370 ℃ and 660 ℃ of salt temperature, the reheating system specifically comprises a high-temperature reheater and an ultrahigh-temperature reheater, the high-temperature reheater can be divided into 2 sections and is placed in a pressure container, the temperature difference of each section is smaller than 100 ℃, the ultrahigh-temperature reheater is placed in the pressure container, and the temperature difference between the highest temperatures of the ultrahigh-temperature reheater and the high-temperature reheater is smaller than 100 ℃. As shown in fig. 3, the first stage salt temperature interval of the high temperature reheater can be 370-450 ℃, the second stage salt temperature interval can be 450-550 ℃, and the salt temperature interval in the ultra-high temperature reheater can be 550-660 ℃.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an operation method of the new energy consumption system based on coupling of the cascade high-temperature heat storage and the coal motor group. As shown in fig. 4, includes:
Step 410, obtaining chargeable redundant electric energy, wherein the redundant electric energy comprises at least one of redundant electric energy output by peripheral photovoltaics and/or wind power plants and electric energy which cannot be consumed in a power grid;
step 420, converting the redundant electric energy into heat energy and storing the heat energy into a heat storage system;
Step 430, determining a heat exchange section input in the heat exchange system by applying a mapping relationship between the output load and the flow and a mapping relationship between the output load and the heat exchange section based on the output load percentage of the current demand; according to the molten salt flow corresponding to the output load percentage, adjusting a heat exchange section adjusting valve group, and closing an adjusting valve which is not put into a heat exchange section; the heat energy in the heat storage system is subjected to gradual heat release to generate supercritical steam so as to drive a turbine generator set to perform work and power generation;
Step 440, determining stored heat energy in the heat storage system in real time, and when the stored heat energy is lower than a preset threshold value, opening a boiler regulating valve group between a steam outlet of the boiler and a steam inlet of the steam turbine generator set, and starting the boiler to perform heat storage and boiler combined power generation; otherwise, closing the boiler and the boiler regulating valve group.
Specifically, the low-temperature binary nitrate solar salt output by the low-temperature molten salt tank 120 in the heat storage system flows to the high-temperature molten salt heating tank 130 in the heat storage system, and is heated in the high-temperature molten salt heating tank 130 by redundant electric energy, the high-temperature binary nitrate solar salt obtained after heating flows to the first high-temperature molten salt tank 110 in the heat storage system for storage, the high-temperature ultrahigh-temperature heat storage material output by the second high-temperature molten salt tank 160 flows to the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt heating tank 140, and is heated in the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt heating tank 140 by redundant electric energy, and the ultrahigh-temperature heat storage material obtained after heating flows to the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank 150 in the heat storage system for storage, so that the conversion from the redundant electric energy to the heat energy is completed and the heat energy is stored in the heat storage system; in addition, the new energy consumption system can acquire the heat exchange section and the molten salt flow rate which are input in the heat exchange system under the condition of the output load percentage of the current demand according to the mapping relation between the output load and the flow rate and the mapping relation between the output load and the heat exchange section, and adjust the heat exchange section adjusting valve group according to the molten salt flow rate, and close the adjusting valve which is not input in the heat exchange section.
Then, the heat exchange system inputs the high-temperature molten salt in the first high-temperature molten salt tank 110 and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt in the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank 150 into a heat exchanger, heats water through a heat exchange section opened in the heat exchanger to generate supercritical steam, and inputs the supercritical steam into a turbine generator set to perform work and power generation. In this process, the preheater 210, the water-steam converting section 220, the high temperature superheater 230 and the ultra-high temperature superheater 250, which are sequentially connected in the heat exchanger, and the high temperature reheater 240 connected with the preheater and the ultra-high temperature reheater 260 connected with the high temperature reheater 240 may use the heat stored in the high temperature molten salt in the energy storage system to release heat step by step, so as to generate supercritical steam to push the turbine generator set to perform work and power generation. The form of gradual heat release is the same as in the above embodiments and will not be described here.
In the process, the stored heat energy in the heat storage system is required to be compared with a preset threshold in real time, and it is understood that when the stored heat energy is lower than the preset threshold, the heat energy brought by redundant electric energy provided by the heat storage system is insufficient to meet the power generation requirement, at the moment, a boiler regulating valve group between a steam outlet of a boiler and a steam inlet of a steam turbine generator unit is required to be opened, the boiler is started, and the heat storage and the boiler combined coal-saving power generation is performed; when the stored heat energy is higher than a preset threshold value, the heat energy brought by redundant electric energy provided by the heat storage system is independently used for meeting the power generation requirement, the boiler is not needed for power generation, and the boiler regulating valve group can be closed at the moment to perform coal-free power generation.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of power generation efficiency curves of a low-coal thermal power plant and a raw thermal power plant under different loads based on a new energy consumption system of cascade high-temperature heat storage and coal motor group coupling. As shown in FIG. 5, the vertical axis of the graph represents the percentage of power generation efficiency, the abscissa represents the percentage of load, the Coal-566 ℃ represents the power generation efficiency of generating 566 ℃ supercritical steam by using Coal as a heat source, and the TES outlet steam-566 ℃ represents the power generation efficiency of generating 566 ℃ supercritical steam by using the low-Coal thermal power plant for heat storage power generation by using rich wind and photoelectricity provided by the invention, and it can be seen from the graph that under the condition of full load, the thermal efficiency of the Coal-fired power plant device based on heat storage is 41.8%, and the thermal efficiency of the Coal-fired power plant device is 40.3%. Under the condition of low load, the efficiency of the system is obviously higher than that of a traditional coal-fired power plant system under the condition that the turbine heat load (THA, turbine generator set heat acceptance) is less than 50%. For example, at 20% THA load, the thermal efficiency of a coal-fired power plant system based on thermal energy storage is 36.9%, while the thermal efficiency of a coal-fired power plant system is 33.1%. Therefore, the heat storage system and the heat exchange system in the coal-less thermal power plant for carrying out heat storage power generation by utilizing the surplus wind photoelectricity can completely replace a boiler in the original thermal power plant for power generation, and can provide higher power generation efficiency.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. New energy consumption system based on cascade high temperature heat accumulation and coal motor group coupling is directly applied to thermal power plant, produces high temperature high pressure steam and generates electricity, its characterized in that includes: a heat storage system and a heat exchange system;
The heat storage system includes: the device comprises a high-temperature heat storage material, an ultrahigh-temperature heat storage material, a high-temperature molten salt heating tank, an ultrahigh-temperature molten salt heating tank, a low-temperature molten salt tank, a first high-temperature molten salt tank, a second high-temperature molten salt tank and an ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank; the heat storage system converts redundant electric energy into heat energy through the high-temperature molten salt heating tank and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt heating tank and stores the heat energy in the first high-temperature molten salt tank and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank; the redundant electric energy comprises at least one of redundant electric energy output by peripheral photovoltaic and/or wind power plants and electric energy which cannot be consumed in a power grid; the high-temperature heat storage material is binary nitrate solar salt, and the binary nitrate solar salt consists of 60% of NaNO 3 and 40% of KNO 3; the ultra-high temperature heat storage material is one of Hitec salt, chloride salt and carbonate, wherein the Hitec salt consists of 7% of NaNO 3, 53% of KNO 3 and 40% of NaNO 2; the chloride salt consists of 7.5% NaCl, 23.9% KCl and 68.6% ZnCl 2, or 37.5% MgCl 2 and 62.5% KCl; the carbonate consists of 33.4% Na 2CO3%, 34.5% K 2CO3 and 32.1% Li 2CO3; the second high-temperature molten salt tank and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank are closed and protective gas is introduced; the second high-temperature molten salt tank, the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt heating tank and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank operate under the protection of atmosphere; if Hitec salt is adopted, the gas component of the atmosphere protection comprises mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen, and the partial pressure ratio of the oxygen is 20% -80%; the operating temperatures of the second high-temperature molten salt tank, the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt heating tank and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank are greater than or equal to 565 ℃;
The heat exchange system comprises a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is of a winding pipe type structure and is arranged in a pressure vessel; the heat exchanger comprises a preheater, a water-steam conversion section, a high-temperature superheater and an ultra-high-temperature superheater which are sequentially connected, and a high-temperature reheater connected with the preheater and an ultra-high-temperature reheater connected with the high-temperature reheater; the ultra-high temperature superheater and the ultra-high temperature reheater operate under the protection of the atmosphere;
The heat exchange system is connected with the heat storage system, and the heat exchanger is used for outputting supercritical steam based on heat energy stored by the first high-temperature molten salt tank and the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank, and the supercritical steam pushes a turbine generator set to generate power; the heat exchange system is connected with the heat storage system and comprises a molten salt outlet of the first high-temperature molten salt tank is connected with a molten salt inlet of the high-temperature superheater; the molten salt inlet of the low-temperature molten salt tank is connected with the molten salt outlet of the preheater; the molten salt outlet of the first high-temperature molten salt tank is connected with the molten salt inlet of the high-temperature reheater; the molten salt outlet of the high-temperature reheater is connected with the molten salt inlet of the preheater; the molten salt outlet of the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank is connected with the molten salt inlet of the ultrahigh-temperature superheater; the molten salt outlet of the ultrahigh temperature superheater is connected with the molten salt inlet of the second high temperature molten salt tank; the molten salt outlet of the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank is connected with the molten salt inlet of the ultrahigh-temperature reheater; the molten salt outlet of the ultrahigh temperature reheater is connected with the molten salt inlet of the second high temperature molten salt tank;
When the stored heat energy of the high-temperature salt melting tank is lower than a preset threshold value, the steam turbine generator set is connected with a boiler outside the new energy consumption system based on cascade high-temperature heat storage and coal motor set coupling, and the boiler is started to assist the heat storage system and the heat exchange system to generate power.
2. The new energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high-temperature heat storage and a coal motor group, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheater is used for outputting water at a first temperature, and the salt temperature in the preheater is in a range of 310-360 ℃; the water-steam conversion section is used for outputting steam at a second temperature based on water at the first temperature, the salt temperature range in the water-steam conversion section is 360-410 ℃, the water-steam conversion section comprises two heat exchange sections, and the two heat exchange sections are separated by a steam-water separator; the high-temperature superheater is used for outputting superheated steam at a third temperature based on the steam at the second temperature, and the salt temperature range in the high-temperature superheater is 410-550 ℃; the high-temperature superheater comprises two sections of heat exchange sections, and the temperature difference of each section is recommended to be not more than 100 ℃; the ultra-high temperature superheater is used for outputting superheated steam at a fourth temperature based on the steam at the third temperature; the salt temperature in the ultra-high temperature superheater is higher than 550 ℃, if Hitec salt is adopted, the salt temperature range under the protection of atmosphere is 550-660 ℃, if chloride salt or carbonate is adopted, the upper limit temperature of the salt temperature is determined according to the specific salt type; the salt temperature range in the high-temperature reheater is 370-550 ℃, the high-temperature reheater comprises two sections of heat exchange sections, and the temperature difference of each section is less than 100 ℃; the salt temperature in the ultra-high temperature reheater is higher than 550 ℃, if Hitec salt is adopted, the salt temperature range under the protection of atmosphere is 550-660 ℃, if chloride salt or carbonate is adopted, and the upper limit temperature of the salt temperature is determined according to specific salt types.
3. The new energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high-temperature heat storage and coal electric motor set according to claim 2, wherein in peak shaving scenario, the flow rates corresponding to the heat exchange section put in by the water-steam conversion section, the heat exchange section put in by the high-temperature superheater, the heat exchange section put in by the high-temperature reheater and the output load percentage are determined based on the mapping relationship between the output load percentage and the flow rate and the mapping relationship between the output load percentage and the heat exchange section;
And the flow corresponding to the heat exchange section input by the water-steam conversion section, the heat exchange section input by the high-temperature superheater, the heat exchange section input by the high-temperature reheater and the output load percentage is used for adjusting the required heat load.
4. The new energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high temperature heat storage and coal electric motor set according to claim 2, wherein the steam-water separator is used for separating water and steam when the water-steam conversion section converts water into steam.
5. The new energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high-temperature heat storage and a coal motor group, which is characterized in that the low-temperature molten salt tank, the high-temperature molten salt tank and the ultra-high-temperature molten salt tank are made of different tank materials; wherein the high-temperature molten salt tank comprises the first high-temperature molten salt tank and the second high-temperature molten salt tank; the material of the tank body of the low-temperature molten salt tank is carbon steel, the material of the tank body of the high-temperature molten salt tank is stainless steel, and the material of the ultrahigh-temperature molten salt tank is nickel-based alloy steel.
6. The new energy consumption system based on coupling of cascade high-temperature heat storage and coal electric motor set as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-temperature molten salt heating tank and the ultra-high-temperature molten salt heating tank both comprise electrothermal converters, and the electrothermal converters are electrically heated rod type resistance heating or electrode type heating of positive and negative electrodes.
7. The operation method of the new energy consumption system based on coupling of the cascade high-temperature heat storage and the coal motor group is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
obtaining chargeable redundant electric energy, wherein the redundant electric energy comprises at least one of redundant electric energy output by peripheral photovoltaics and/or wind power plants and electric energy which cannot be consumed in a power grid; converting the redundant electrical energy into thermal energy and storing the thermal energy in a thermal storage system; based on the output load percentage of the current demand, a mapping relation between the output load and the flow and a mapping relation between the output load and the heat exchange section are applied to determine the heat exchange section put into the heat exchange system; outputting molten salt flow corresponding to the load percentage, adjusting a heat exchange section adjusting valve group, and closing an adjusting valve which is not put into a heat exchange section; the heat energy in the heat storage system is subjected to gradual heat release to generate supercritical steam to drive a turbine generator set to perform work and power generation;
Determining stored heat energy in the heat storage system in real time, opening a boiler regulating valve group between a steam outlet of a boiler and a steam inlet of a steam turbine generator set when the stored heat energy is lower than a preset threshold value, and starting the boiler to assist the heat exchange system to generate electricity; otherwise, closing the boiler and the boiler regulating valve group.
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| CN114017147A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-08 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Molten salt heat storage and steam supply system for supplying black start power supply and working method |
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