CN115554330B - 一种抗炎止痒的榼藤子提取物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种抗炎止痒的榼藤子提取物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体公开了一种抗炎止痒的榼藤子提取物及其制备方法和应用。与现有止痒类型的中药相比,本发明首次发现榼藤子提取物通过下调MAPK和JAK/STAT3信号通路,抑制炎症性细胞因子的表达,进而减轻瘙痒和皮肤炎症,并且无明显的毒副反应。通过建立方酸二正丁酯(Squaric acid dibutyl ester,SADBE)诱导的小鼠过敏性接触性皮炎模型(ACD)验证了榼藤子提取物的抗炎止痒效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种抗炎止痒的榼藤子提取物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
过敏性接触性皮炎是一种炎症性皮肤病,是由过敏原特异性T细胞介导的IV型迟发性超敏反应。其特征是持续性瘙痒和炎症症状,包括局部皮疹、肿胀和免疫失衡。常反复发作,经久不愈,长期持续性的慢性瘙痒对患者的身体健康和精神影响很大,不仅给家庭和社会增加巨大的经济负担和压力,也严重影响患者的生活质量。
目前临床治疗皮肤瘙痒包括局部治疗和全身药物。局部治疗通常用于治疗轻度疾病,对中重度疾病的疗效有限,不能解决全身炎症且患者经常复发。皮质类固醇和免疫抑制剂的长期使用存在较多不良反应,如皮肤萎缩、色素沉着、毛细血管扩张、诱发或加重感染以及激素依赖等副作用。因此,开发一种安全性与有效性并存的治疗皮肤瘙痒的药物具有现实意义。
榼藤子为豆科植物榼藤Entada phaseoloides(Linn.)Merr.的种子,在我国台湾、福建、广东、广西、云南等地均有分布。榼藤子中含有三萜及其皂苷类、榼藤酰胺类、酚苷类等化学成分。具有治疗类风湿性关节炎和抗糖尿病等药理作用。
榼藤子作为一种传统的中国民间药物,但对其研究的活跃性不高,目前关于榼藤子药理作用的报道非常少,其药理学研究报道主要为抗糖尿病以及抗关节炎方面。至今,榼藤子在制备抗炎止痒药物中的应用还未见研究报道,本发明由此而来。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种抗炎止痒的榼藤子提取物,所述榼藤子提取物为榼藤子种仁的70v/v%乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部位。所述榼藤子提取物可下调MAPK和JAK/STAT3信号通路,下调炎症性细胞因子的表达,进而减轻瘙痒和皮肤炎症,并且无明显的毒副反应。
本发明的第二目的在于提供如上所述的抗炎止痒的榼藤子提取物的制备方法,该方法简单且操作方便,提取效率高。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将榼藤子种仁粉碎;
步骤二:取粉碎后榼藤子种仁粉末,按1kg:(6-10)L的固液比例加入70v/v%乙醇浸泡提取,过滤,得滤渣与滤液1;
步骤三:取步骤二中所得滤渣,按1kg:(5-8)L的固液比例加入70v/v%乙醇浸泡提取,过滤,得滤液2;
步骤四:合并步骤二与步骤三中的滤液1与滤液2,减压浓缩;
步骤五:取步骤四中所得减压浓缩物,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,丢弃石油醚萃取部位、乙酸乙酯萃取部位;
步骤六:取步骤五中所得正丁醇萃取部位,减压浓缩,即得。
进一步所述步骤二中:粉碎后榼藤子种仁粉末加乙醇浸泡提取48h,每2h搅拌一次。
进一步所述步骤三中:滤渣加乙醇浸泡提取24h,每2h搅拌一次。
本发明的第三目的在于提供如上所述的抗炎止痒的榼藤子提取物的应用。
榼藤子提取物在制备治疗皮肤炎症和/或皮肤瘙痒的药物和/或化妆品中的应用。
进一步,榼藤子提取物在制备治疗过敏性接触性皮炎药物中的应用。
进一步,所述过敏性接触性皮炎是由方酸二丁酯诱导的。
进一步,所述药物/或化妆品是通过抑制受损皮肤中表皮角质层厚度、炎症细胞浸润以及肥大细胞脱粒,从而实现止痒效果。
进一步,所述药物/或化妆品是通过下调MAPK和JAK/STAT3信号通路实现抗炎效果的。
进一步,所述药物/或化妆品是通过抑制细胞因子TSLP、IL-33、IL-4、IL-5、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达实现抗炎效果的。
进一步,所述药物/或化妆品是通过抑制p-p38、p-ERK1/2和p-STAT3蛋白表达实现抗炎效果的。
本发明的第四目的在于提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物以榼藤子提取物为主要活性成分,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
进一步,所述辅料包括药学领域已知的稀释剂、赋形剂、崩解剂、防腐剂、溶剂、增稠剂、增溶剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、润滑剂、稳定剂、香味剂、甜味剂、着色剂和/或色素。
进一步,所述组合物剂型包括:在榼藤子提取物中添加药用辅助成分制成口服液、片剂、溶液剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、散剂、冲剂、膜剂、滴剂、乳剂、丸剂、软膏剂、乳膏剂、搽剂和/或凝胶剂。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明所提供的榼藤子提取物具有抗炎止痒的用途,能够显著减轻瘙痒症状、皮肤损伤和降低临床皮损评分,无明显的毒副作用,具有良好的临床应用价值。
(2)本发明所提供的榼藤子提取物,与现有止痒类型的中药相比,可下调MAPK和JAK/STAT3信号通路,下调炎症性细胞因子的表达水平,进而起到抗炎止痒疗效,尤其可对慢性的皮肤瘙痒起到止痒的功效。在SADBE诱导的小鼠过敏性接触性皮炎瘙痒模型上,验证了该榼藤子提取物的抗炎止痒效果。
附图说明
图1为榼藤子提取物的主要化学成分分析结果。
图2:A为ACD小鼠模型的建立以及给药方案示意图,B为榼藤子提取物治疗后小鼠搔抓行为学评估结果。
图3:A为榼藤子提取物治疗后小鼠颈部皮肤损伤情况,B为临床皮损评分结果。
图4为皮肤组织病理学试验结果。A为小鼠颈部皮肤组织角质层厚度测量结果,B为小鼠颈部皮肤组织肥大细胞脱粒统计结果。
图5为榼藤子提取物治疗后ACD小鼠皮肤组织中炎症细胞因子的mRNA表达水平。
图6为榼藤子提取物治疗后ACD小鼠皮肤组织中p38、p-p38、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、STAT3和p-STAT3的蛋白表达水平。
所有数据均表示为平均值±SEM。使用Graph Pad Prism 6软件(San Diego,CA,USA)进行统计分析和绘图,使用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA)进行数据比较,p<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。与正常组比较,#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001;与模型组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行详细描述。下列所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。
实施例一:榼藤子提取物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将2.4kg榼藤子种仁用粉碎机粉碎;向粉碎后的榼藤子粉末中加入20L 70v/v%乙醇,在室温下浸泡提取48h,每2h搅拌一次;
(2)过滤浸出液,得滤液1与滤渣;
(3)取过滤后所得滤渣,加入15L 70v/v%乙醇,在室温下继续浸泡提取24h,每2h搅拌一次,过滤浸出液,得滤液2;
(4)合并滤液1与滤液2,减压浓缩至2L,所得浓缩液先用石油醚萃取,除去石油醚萃取部位,剩余浓缩液继续用乙酸乙酯萃取,接着除去乙酸乙酯萃取部位,剩余浓缩液继续用正丁醇萃取,每次加入的萃取剂为被萃取液体积的1/4;
(5)所得正丁醇萃取部位,减压浓缩干燥后,即得榼藤子提取物(以下实施例中用到的榼藤子提取物均为实施例一所制备,以下实施例和附图中简称其为KTZ)。
实施例二:榼藤子提取物的主要化学成分分析与含量测定
使用Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,在Agilent 1260HPLC系统上进行定量分析,将榼藤子提取物用甲醇溶解为5mg/mL溶液,准备进样。使用甲醇(A)和含有0.1%甲酸的超纯水(B)进行梯度洗脱。线性梯度洗脱条件如下:0-10min,1%A;15-25min,8%A;28-32min,30%A;37-40min,65%A。流速1.0mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长237nm,进样量10μL。
根据试验结果,榼藤子提取物中主要含有三种已知化合物,包含Phaseoloidin(榼藤子苷,1)、Entadamide A(榼藤酰胺A,2)和Entadamide A-β-D-glucopyranoside(榼藤酰胺A-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,3),含量分别为131.31±1.33mg/g(13.39%)、25.03±0.05mg/g(2.55%)和254.37±0.58mg/g(25.63%)。具体试验结果见图1。
实施例三:榼藤子提取物治疗后小鼠搔抓行为学评估结果
C57BL/6小鼠36只,雄性,体重25±5g。适应性饲养5天后使用电推剪在小鼠颈部和腹部剃毛,面积约2×2cm2。在造模第1至3天于小鼠腹部剃毛区域使用0.5%方酸二正丁酯(SADBE)/丙酮溶液进行致敏,每只小鼠20μL,等待30s左右使其充分吸收。在造模第9至11天每天用20μL 0.5%SADBE/丙酮溶液在小鼠颈部剃毛区域进行致敏,致敏期间正常对照组(NC)仅用丙酮处理。第11天致敏结束后,将SADBE处理的小鼠随机分为5组,每组6只并编号。分别为模型组(SADBE)、榼藤子提取物低(KTZ-L,25.0mg/kg)、中(KTZ-M,50.0mg/kg)、高剂量组(KTZ-H,100.0mg/kg)和阳性药地塞米松组(DEX,1.0mg/kg)。
第13天至第16天每天灌胃给予用生理盐水配置的榼藤子提取物低、中、高剂量组小鼠不同浓度的受试药物一次,阳性药组给予地塞米松,正常对照组给予生理盐水。给药后30分钟,将小鼠置于透明观察盒中,以小鼠抬起后爪抓挠颈部皮肤后放下后爪为一次挠痒行为,在不受外界干扰的环境中用录像机记录1h内小鼠的自发搔痒次数。小鼠过敏性接触性皮炎慢性瘙痒体内模型(简称为ACD小鼠模型或ACD)的建立以及给药方案如图2A所示,具体试验结果见图2B。
根据试验结果,与正常对照组相比,SADBE组小鼠的瘙痒次数在第12至16天显著增加。榼藤子提取物可以减少小鼠的抓挠次数,高剂量组的效果最显著(p<0.001)。榼藤子提取物可以减少SADBE诱导的小鼠过敏性接触性皮炎慢性瘙痒模型的挠痒次数,对瘙痒有一定的治疗效果。
实施例四:临床皮肤损伤评分试验
在第16天对小鼠颈部皮肤损伤情况进行临床评分。根据皮炎的四种症状包括红斑、水肿、表皮剥落和苔藓化,每种症状按照皮损程度从无、轻度、中度、到重度依次分为0、1、2、3分。临床皮损评分为以上四项评分之和。
根据试验结果,SADBE组小鼠颈部皮肤表现出典型的皮炎症状,如明显的伤口、发红、肿胀和表皮剥落。榼藤子提取物可以明显改善小鼠的皮肤损伤,降低临床皮肤损伤评分,且呈现剂量依赖性。具体试验结果见图3。
实施例五:皮肤组织病理学试验
分别使用苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色和甲苯胺蓝染色检测小鼠颈部皮肤表皮厚度和肥大细胞脱粒的形态学变化。取小鼠颈部中心的皮肤样本在4%多聚甲醛中固定过夜,梯度脱水后包埋在石蜡中。对于H&E染色,切片先用苏木精染色5分钟,然后用伊红染色5分钟,最后用酸性酒精洗涤。对于甲苯胺蓝染色,切片用甲苯胺蓝溶液染色5分钟后用蒸馏水洗涤。每个切片用无水乙醇脱水并用二甲苯清除,最后使用封片剂固定在载玻片上,在显微镜下观察并记录H&E染色图像中表皮的相对厚度和甲苯胺蓝染色图像中肥大细胞脱粒情况。
根据试验结果,在SADBE小鼠的颈部皮肤中观察到明显的表皮增生和炎性细胞浸润。榼藤子提取物剂量为25.0、50.0和100.0mg/kg均可显著降低ACD小鼠表皮角质层的增厚,高剂量组效果更为显著(p<0.001)。同时,甲苯胺蓝染色结果显示,模型组中肥大细胞脱粒和炎症细胞浸润加剧。榼藤子提取物抑制ACD小鼠皮肤肥大细胞的数量,且呈现剂量依赖性(p<0.001)。总之,榼藤子提取物可以有效抑制小鼠受损皮肤表皮厚度增加、炎症细胞浸润以及肥大细胞脱粒,从而改善瘙痒症状。具体试验结果见图4。
实施例六:实时荧光定量PCR试验
使用RNAiso Plus从小鼠颈部皮肤中提取总RNA。用DNase I处理RNA,然后使用ThermoScript逆转录试剂盒将RNA逆转录为cDNA,使用实时荧光定量PCR检测榼藤子提取物对ACD小鼠皮肤组织中细胞因子mRNA表达水平的影响。使用2-ΔΔCt计算相对RNA的表达水平,β-Actin为内参。用于qPCR的基因特异性引物如表1所示。
根据试验结果,与正常对照组相比,SADBE组炎症性细胞因子包括TSLP、IL-33、IL-4、IL-5、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的mRNA水平均显著性上调(p<0.001)。与模型组相比,榼藤子提取物低、中、高剂量组均可显著性下调模型组中升高的TSLP、IL-33、IL-4、IL-5、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的mRNA水平,且呈现剂量依赖性。榼藤子提取物可有效抑制ACD小鼠皮肤组织中升高的炎症介质的基因表达水平,具体试验结果见图5。
表1用于qPCR的基因特异性引物序列
实施例七:蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot)
将小鼠颈部皮肤组织样本在含有蛋白酶抑制剂和磷酸酶抑制剂的冰冷RIPA缓冲液中裂解30min后离心(12000r/min,4℃,10min)。收集上清液于100℃加热10min使蛋白质变性,通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离,然后转移到PVDF膜上,检测p-ERK1/2、ERK1/2、p-p38、p38、p-STAT3和STAT3的蛋白质水平。β-Tubulin用作内参,使用成像系统(上海天能科技有限公司)进行灰度值半定量分析。
根据试验结果,SADBE组中p-ERK1/2、p-p38和p-STAT3的蛋白水平显著性上调(p<0.001,p<0.001,p<0.05)。而榼藤子提取物抑制了小鼠皮肤组织中升高的ERK1/2、p38和STAT3的磷酸化水平。具体试验结果见图6。
结论
本发明建立了方酸二正丁酯诱导的小鼠过敏性接触性皮炎慢性瘙痒模型。通过行为学测试,临床皮肤损伤评分和组织病理学试验评价榼藤子提取物的止痒效果,采用qPCR和western blot检测小鼠皮肤组织中炎症性细胞因子的mRNA水平以及MAPK和JAK/STAT3通路的蛋白表达水平来评估榼藤子提取物的抗炎作用。
小鼠皮肤瘙痒行为学试验证明榼藤子提取物有明显的止痒效果;小鼠皮肤损伤临床评分试验证明榼藤子提取物可有效缓解患处皮肤损伤,降低临床皮肤损伤评分;小鼠皮肤组织病理学试验证明榼藤子提取物可显著改善受损皮肤中表皮角质层厚度增加、炎症细胞浸润以及肥大细胞脱粒;实时荧光定量PCR试验证明榼藤子提取物可显著下调ACD小鼠皮肤组织中炎症性细胞因子TSLP、IL-33、IL-4、IL-5、TNF-α、IL-1β以及IL-6的mRNA表达水平;western blot检测结果证明榼藤子提取物可抑制ACD小鼠皮肤组织中ERK1/2、p38和STAT3的磷酸化表达水平。
本发明中,榼藤子提取物通过下调MAPK和JAK/STAT3信号通路,下调炎症细胞因子的表达,进而减轻ACD小鼠的瘙痒和皮肤炎症。榼藤子提取物不仅可以有效缓解瘙痒,还具有明显的抗炎效果,并且无过敏等不良反应,在治疗的同时,可以缓解皮肤损伤,具备临床推广应用价值。
Claims (8)
1.榼藤子提取物在制备治疗过敏性接触性皮炎的药物或化妆品中的应用,其特征在于,所述榼藤子提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将榼藤子种仁粉碎;
步骤二:取粉碎后榼藤子种仁粉末,按 1 kg:(6-10)L 的固液比例加入 70v/v% 乙醇浸泡提取48h,过滤,得滤渣与滤液 1;
步骤三:取步骤二中所得滤渣,按 1 kg:(5-8)L 的固液比例加入70v/v% 乙醇浸泡提取,过滤,得滤液 2;
步骤四:合并步骤二与步骤三中的滤液 1 与滤液 2,减压浓缩;
步骤五:取步骤四中所得减压浓缩物,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,丢弃石油醚萃取部位、乙酸乙酯萃取部位;
步骤六:取步骤五中所得正丁醇萃取部位,减压浓缩,即得榼藤子提取物;
所述榼藤子提取物包含131.31 ± 1.33 mg/g的榼藤子苷、25.03 ± 0.05 mg/g的榼藤酰胺A、254.37 ± 0.58 mg/g的榼藤酰胺A-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物或化妆品是通过下调 MAPK 和JAK/STAT3 信号通路实现效果的。
3.根据权利要求 1 所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物或化妆品是通过抑制细胞因子TSLP、IL-33、IL-4、IL-5、TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IL-6的表达实现效果的。
4.根据权利要求 1 所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物或化妆品是通过抑制 p-p38、p-ERK1/2 和 p-STAT3 蛋白表达实现效果的。
5.根据权利要求 1 所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物或化妆品是通过抑制受损皮肤中表皮角质层厚度、炎症细胞浸润以及肥大细胞脱粒从而实现效果的。
6.根据权利要求 1 所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物中,包括榼藤子提取物作为活性成分,还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
7.根据权利要求 6 所述的应用,其特征在于,所述辅料包括药学领域已知的稀释剂、赋形剂、崩解剂、防腐剂、溶剂、增稠剂、增溶剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、润滑剂、稳定剂、香味剂、甜味剂、着色剂和/或色素。
8.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型包括:口服液、片剂、溶液剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、散剂、冲剂、膜剂、滴剂、乳剂、丸剂、软膏剂、乳膏剂、搽剂和/或凝胶剂。
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