CN115079346B - Installation and adjustment device and method for coupling space light to optical fiber - Google Patents
Installation and adjustment device and method for coupling space light to optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN115079346B CN115079346B CN202210853767.3A CN202210853767A CN115079346B CN 115079346 B CN115079346 B CN 115079346B CN 202210853767 A CN202210853767 A CN 202210853767A CN 115079346 B CN115079346 B CN 115079346B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for adjusting space light coupling to an optical fiber. The adjusting method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, building a detection device to enable a camera photosensitive surface to be located at the focus of a collimator, then building a coupling device to enable an adjusting coupling lens to be coaxial with the collimator, then marking the optical axis position of the detection device by using a pyramid, and finally enabling five freedom degree parameters influencing coupling efficiency to be expressed into quantifiably-calculated light spot information according to the optical axis direction, divergence angle and diffraction energy distribution of laser beams emitted by a detection coupling optical fiber and the coupling lens, and rapidly judging the disorder item and size of the optical fiber, thereby rapidly and accurately judging the next debugging step. The method has the advantages of simplifying the installation and adjustment steps, improving the coupling efficiency and improving the convergence rate of the process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fibers, in particular to a device and a method for adjusting spatial light coupled to an optical fiber.
Background
The optical fiber has the characteristics of low loss and flexibility, and is widely applied to the fields of optical communication, sensing, lasers and the like since the time comes. The coupling efficiency of the light beam propagating in free space into the optical fiber is an important link of the utilization rate of light energy. The diameter of the optical fiber core is usually between ten micrometers and hundreds of micrometers, the size is small, and theoretical calculation shows that the position and attitude error of the optical fiber seriously affects the coupling efficiency and the sensitivity is very high. How to quickly and accurately position the optical fiber is an important issue.
The spatial position XYZ and the attitude θ x θ y of the fiber are five important parameters that affect the coupling efficiency. In a laboratory, an optical fiber port is usually fixed on a five-dimensional or six-dimensional adjusting frame, the relative position and posture of the optical fiber and the coupling lens are continuously adjusted, and an adjusting item and an adjusting direction are judged according to the power change trend of the optical fiber output in the adjusting process until a target value is reached. Generally, the process is tedious and time-consuming, and especially in the infrared band commonly used in optical fiber communication, initial positioning by visual inspection is difficult. In actual products related to optical fiber coupling, an optical fiber and a coupling lens generally need mechanical fixed connection, an adjusting mechanism does not exist, the coupling efficiency is guaranteed to be high in cost by the aid of accuracy of mechanical dimensions, and the coupling efficiency is not close to the theoretical limit due to the fact that the sensitivity of the coupling efficiency to the position and the posture of the optical fiber is high, and the assembling and adjusting process cannot be avoided due to the fact that the mechanical positioning accuracy is not enough to guarantee that the coupling efficiency is close to the theoretical limit. In the production process of related industrial products, the position and the posture of the optical fiber cannot be continuously adjusted, so that the adjustment direction of the next step cannot be judged according to the variation trend of the coupling efficiency, the coupling efficiency does not reach the standard, the out-of-balance optical fiber freedom degree and size are difficult to judge, and finally the adjustment process is more complicated and time-consuming.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for quickly positioning the position of an optical fiber in optical fiber coupling, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method visually expresses five degrees of freedom of the position and the posture of the optical fiber which influence the coupling efficiency, can still intuitively guide the next mounting direction under the condition that the position of the optical fiber cannot be continuously adjusted, simplifies the mounting steps and quickly converges to the target coupling efficiency of the coupling system.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is a device and a method for adjusting spatial light coupling to an optical fiber, and the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:
a setup device for spatial light coupling to an optical fiber, comprising coupling means and detection means:
the coupling device comprises a first light source, a power meter, an optical fiber circulator, a coupling optical fiber coupling lens, an aperture diaphragm and a fixed structural member;
the detection device comprises a pyramid prism, a collimator, a beam splitter, a camera and a second light source;
three ports of the optical fiber circulator are respectively connected with the first light source, the power meter and the coupling optical fiber;
the other end of the coupling optical fiber is fixedly connected with the coupling lens through a fixing structural part;
the small aperture diaphragm is a diameter variable diaphragm and is arranged in front of the coupling lens;
the pyramid prism is arranged between the coupling device and the detection device, is placed in the middle and is arranged at the edge of the light transmission caliber of the collimator;
the camera and the second light source are positioned symmetrically with respect to the reflecting surface of the beam splitter, and both the camera and the second light source are positioned at the focal point of the collimator.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Setting up a debugging device: the construction of the debugging device is the construction of a coupling device and a detection device, and the construction of the coupling device is as follows: one port of the optical fiber circulator is connected with a first light source, the other two ports are respectively connected with a coupling optical fiber and a power meter, the coupling lens is connected with the coupling optical fiber through a fixed structural part, and the coupling lens is adjusted to be coaxial with the collimator; the detection device is constructed as follows: placing a second light source at the focus of the collimator, placing a beam splitter between the second light source and the collimator, placing a camera at a light reflecting outlet in the vertical direction of the beam splitter, and adjusting the position of the camera to enable a light sensing surface of the camera to be located at the focus of the collimator;
(2) Marking the optical axis of the detection optical path: the optical axis of the detection light path is marked by placing the pyramid prism at the light emitting side of the collimator and at the edge of the light-passing aperture of the collimator, the light beam emitted by the second light source is collimated by the collimator, reflected by the pyramid prism, focused by the collimator to the camera for imaging, and the coordinates of light spots on the camera are recorded, namely the optical axis of the detection light path;
(3) Determining the Z-axis position of the coupling optical fiber: the Z-axis direction of the coupling optical fiber is the propagation direction of the light beam, the Z-axis position is the distance between the coupling optical fiber and the coupling lens, and the specific steps of determining the Z-axis position of the coupling optical fiber are as follows:
the first light source is collimated by the coupling lens, focused by the collimator, and observed by the camera to have a spot size on a focal plane, the divergence angle of the light beam output by the coupling lens is calculated according to the spot size, and the distance between the coupling lens and the coupling optical fiber is adjusted by the fixing structural part until the divergence angle is equal to a theoretical value, so that the Z-axis position of the coupling optical fiber is determined; the divergence angle half angle of the light beam output by the coupling lens is equal to the arc tangent value of the ratio of the radius R of the light spot to the focal length of the collimator;
when the end face of the coupling optical fiber is positioned at the focus of the coupling lens, the half-angle theoretical value of the divergence angle is equal to the radius of the mode field of the coupling optical fiber divided by the focal length, the distance between the coupling lens and the coupling optical fiber is adjusted through the fixed structural part until the divergence angle is equal to the theoretical value, and then the Z-axis position of the coupling optical fiber is determined;
(4) Determining the XY axis position of the coupling fiber: the specific steps for determining the XY axis position of the coupling optical fiber are as follows: the first light source is collimated by the coupling lens and focused by the collimator, a camera (11) observes spot coordinates, the position of the coupling optical fiber on the XY plane is visualized to be the spot coordinates on the camera (11), the XY position of the coupling optical fiber is adjusted until the spot on the camera is positioned at the optical axis position of the detection optical path recorded in the step (2), and the XY position determination of the coupling optical fiber is completed;
(5) Determining the XY axis inclination of the coupling fiber: the specific steps for determining the inclination of the coupling optical fiber around the XY axes are as follows: adjusting the position and the diameter of a diaphragm of a small hole in front of a coupling lens, wherein the center of the diaphragm is coaxial with the optical axis of a lens of the coupling lens, the centering of the small hole can be synchronously completed during the assembly of the lens, or the coaxiality of the diaphragm small hole and the lens can be realized by a self-collimation method of a visible light laser and the lens, the first light source emits light, the light is focused and imaged to a camera through a collimator, a diffraction ring of the small hole can be observed on the camera, and the inclination of the coupling optical fiber is adjusted until the energy distribution of the diffraction ring along the axial direction is uniform, and the inclination of the coupling optical fiber around the XY axis is determined;
(6) Calculating the coupling efficiency: turning off the first light source, turning on the second light source, and respectively measuring a free space laser power value in front of the coupling lens and a laser power value of the optical fiber circulator port by using a power meter, wherein the coupling efficiency is as follows: ratio of the power at the port of the fiber optic circulator to the power before the coupling lens.
Specifically, the fixed structural part is made of metal aluminum.
Specifically, the beam splitting ratio of the beam splitter is 50; the collimator parameters comprise caliber and focal length; the laser output by the second light source is collimated by the collimator and then enters the coupling lens, and the beam distribution of the laser is close to parallel light in free space.
Further, the optical axis of the detection optical path marked in the step (2) needs a pyramid prism, the pyramid prism reflects the laser signal of the second light source in the original path, the laser signal enters the camera, and the coordinates of the light spot on the camera are recorded, wherein the coordinates represent the optical axis of the detection optical path.
Further, the position of the coupling optical fiber on the XY plane in the step (4) is visually represented as a light spot coordinate on the camera, and the XY position of the coupling optical fiber is adjusted until the light spot on the camera is located on the optical axis coordinate of the detection optical path, so that the XY position determination of the coupling optical fiber is completed.
Further, any factor of building an installation and adjustment device, marking an optical axis of a detection light path, determining a Z-axis position of the coupling optical fiber, determining an XY-axis position of the coupling optical fiber and determining an XY-axis inclination of the coupling optical fiber in the steps (1) to (5) can cause that the coupling efficiency does not reach the optimal range.
Further, the coupling efficiency is judged according to the ratio result, and when the maximum ratio is 81.45%, the installation and adjustment effect is best.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention aims to quickly realize the installation and adjustment process of coupling free space laser to optical fiber, the coupling efficiency is close to the theoretical limit, the divergence angle, the beam direction and the diffraction energy ring energy property of the laser emitted by the coupling optical fiber are detected by the method of connecting the coupling optical fiber with a light source to emit the laser, the misadjustment item can be quickly judged, and the invention has important application in the fields of laser communication, optical fiber sensing and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the debugging method of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-a first light source; 2-a power meter; 3-a fiber optic circulator; 4-a coupling fiber; 5-fixing the structural part; 6-a coupling lens; 7-a small aperture diaphragm; 8-cube corner prism; 9-a collimator; 10-a beam splitter; 11-a camera; 12-a second light source.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the specific embodiment and the attached drawings: to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a setup device for spatial light coupling to an optical fiber, the device comprising: the device comprises a first light source 1, a beam splitter 10, a camera 11, a collimator 9, a coupling optical fiber 4, a coupling lens 6, an optical fiber circulator 3, a power meter 2, a fixed structural member 5, a pyramid prism 8, an aperture diaphragm 7 and a second light source 12. The wavelength of the second light source 12 should be the same as the wavelength used in the final product, and the wavelength of 1550nm and the maximum output power of 100mW are selected in this example and continuously adjustable. The first light source 1 is preferably a co-parametric product of the second light source 12. Selecting a beam splitting ratio of 50:50, the beam splitter 10 and the camera 11 adopt near infrared cameras, the collimator 9 adopts a single lens, the caliber D is 300mm, and the focal length f is 4000mm. Coupling optical fiber 4 is 1550 wave band single mode fiber, and coupling lens 6 is the battery of lens of designing by oneself, and fiber optic circulator 3 is three-port circulator, and dynamometer 2 is the power meter of wavelength 1550nm wave band, and fixed structure is metal aluminium gasket or other metal material.
The coupling device comprises a first light source 1, a power meter 2, an optical fiber circulator 3, a coupling optical fiber 4, a coupling lens 6, an aperture diaphragm 7 and a fixed structural part 5;
the detection device comprises a corner cube prism 8, a collimator 9, a beam splitter 10, a camera 11 and a second light source 12;
three ports of the optical fiber circulator 3 are respectively connected with the first light source 1, the power meter 2 and the coupling optical fiber 4;
the other end of the coupling optical fiber 4 is fixedly connected with a coupling lens 6 through a fixed structural part 5;
the aperture diaphragm 7 is a diameter variable diaphragm and is arranged in front of the coupling lens 6;
the pyramid prism 8 is arranged between the coupling device and the detection device, is arranged in the middle and is arranged at the edge of the light transmission caliber of the collimator 9;
the camera 11 and the second light source 12 are positioned symmetrically with respect to the reflecting surface of the beam splitter 10, and both the camera 11 and the second light source are positioned at the focal point of the collimator 9.
The device is used for building the debugging device and comprises a detection device and a coupling device:
the system of the detection device comprises: the second light source 12 is placed at the focus of the collimator 9, the beam splitter 10 is placed between the second light source 12 and the collimator 9, the camera is placed at the light reflecting outlet in the vertical direction of the beam splitter 10, and the position of the camera 11 is adjusted to enable the light sensing surface of the camera to be located at the focus of the collimator 9.
The system of coupling devices comprises: one port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with a first light source 1, the other two ports are respectively connected with a coupling optical fiber 4 and a power meter 2, a coupling lens 6 is connected with the coupling optical fiber 4 through a fixed structural part 5, and the coupling lens 6 is adjusted to be coaxial with a collimator 9. The laser output by the first light source 1 enters the coupling optical fiber 4, and the laser received by the coupling lens 6 is coupled into the coupling optical fiber 4 and transmitted to the power meter 2. The pyramid prism 8 and the aperture stop 7 are accessories used in the adjustment process. The coupling lens 6, the collimator 9, the beam splitter 10 and the aperture stop 7 used in the detection device and the coupling device are coaxial, and the coaxiality of the components can be adjusted by using self-collimation of a visible laser or other feasible modes.
The fiber optic circulator has three ports: the first port is connected with a first light source 1, the second port is connected with a coupling optical fiber 4, and the third port is connected with a power meter 2; when the first port is an input port, the second port is an output port, and when the second port is an output port, the third port is an input port.
The debugging step comprises:
1.1 Setting up a debugging system: and (5) setting up the installation and adjustment device according to the above constitution mode.
1.2 Marking the optical axis of the detection optical path: the optical axis of the marking detection optical path is that the pyramid prism 8 is arranged at the light beam emergent side of the collimator 9 and at the light-passing aperture edge of the collimator 9, the second light source 12 is turned on, the light beam emitted by the second light source 12 is collimated by the collimator 9, then reflected by the pyramid prism 8, focused by the collimator 9 to the camera 11 for imaging, and the spot coordinate (X) on the camera 11 is recorded 0 ，Y 0 ) I.e. the optical axis of the detection beam path. The corner cube 8 is then removed and the second light source 12 is turned off.
1.3 Determining the Z-axis position of the coupling fiber 4: turning on the first light source 1, roughly adjusting the XY position of the coupling fiber 4 until a light spot appears on the camera 11, reading the diameter of the light spot according to the formula
Calculating the divergence angle of the light beam output by the coupling lens 6, wherein D is the diameter of the light spot,
is the focal length of the collimator. Continuously grinding the thickness of the gasket until the calculated divergence angle is close to the theoretical value
In the example, the Z-axis position of the coupling optical fiber 4 is determined within an error range of +/-10% of a theoretical value.
1.4 Determining the XY axis position of the coupling fiber 4: the XY axis position of the coupling optical fiber 4 is visually represented on the spot coordinate of the camera 11, and the XY position of the coupling optical fiber 4 is continuously adjusted until the spot coordinate is (X) 0 ，Y 0 ) The end face of the coupling fiber 4 is now at the focal point of the coupling lens 6.
1.5 Determining the XY-axis tilt of the coupling fiber 4: an aperture diaphragm 7 is added between the coupling lens 6 and the parallel light pipe 9, the aperture of the diaphragm is 2mm, the optical axis of the system passes through the center of the diaphragm hole, and the position can be determined by using a visible laser in a matching way. As the small holes are added, a diffraction pattern of the small hole diaphragm 7 is presented on the camera, as the XY position of the coupling optical fiber 4 is determined in the previous step, the variable influencing the axial energy distribution of the diffraction ring is only the XY direction inclination of the coupling optical fiber 4, the wedge angle of the gasket is continuously polished until the energy distribution of the diffraction ring is uniform, the uniform judgment standard can select diffraction ring energy in different radial directions for comparison, and the error is controlled within 10%.
1.6 And (3) testing coupling efficiency: the second light source 12 is turned on and the value of the power displayed on the power meter 2 at the port of the fiber optic circulator 3 is read
Then measuring the power value of the free space laser in front of the coupling lens 6
，
And
the ratio of (a) is the coupling efficiency, according to the free space beam coupling theory, the coupling efficiency is judged according to the ratio result, and when the maximum value of the coupling efficiency theory is 81.45%, the installation and debugging completion effect is the best.
Furthermore, any factor of the assembly and adjustment device built in the steps (2) to (5), the detection light path optical axis marking, the coupling optical fiber Z axis position determining, the coupling optical fiber XY axis position determining and the coupling optical fiber XY axis inclination determining can cause the coupling efficiency not to reach the optimal range.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the present invention, and any modifications and changes made within the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A device for adjusting spatial light coupling to an optical fibre, comprising coupling means and detection means:
the coupling device comprises a first light source, a power meter, an optical fiber circulator, a coupling optical fiber, a coupling lens, an aperture diaphragm and a fixed structural member;
the detection device comprises a pyramid prism, a collimator, a beam splitter, a camera and a second light source;
three ports of the optical fiber circulator are respectively connected with the first light source, the power meter and the coupling optical fiber;
the other end of the coupling optical fiber is fixedly connected with the coupling lens through a fixed structural part;
the small-hole diaphragm is a diameter variable diaphragm and is arranged in front of the coupling lens and used for generating a light beam diffraction ring;
the pyramid prism is arranged between the coupling device and the detection device, is arranged in the middle and is arranged at the edge of the light transmission caliber of the collimator;
the camera and the second light source are positioned symmetrically about the reflective surface of the beam splitter and both are positioned at the focal point of the collimator.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fixation structure material is aluminum metal.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beam splitting ratio of the beam splitter is 50; the parameters of the collimator include aperture and focal length; the laser output by the second light source is collimated by the collimator and then enters the coupling lens, and the beam distribution of the laser is close to parallel light in free space.
4. A method of assembling a spatial light coupling to an optical fiber, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Setting up a debugging device: the construction of the debugging device is the construction of a coupling device and a detection device, and the construction of the coupling device is as follows: one port of the optical fiber circulator is connected with a first light source, the other two ports are respectively connected with a coupling optical fiber and a power meter, the coupling lens is connected with the coupling optical fiber through a fixed structural part, and the coupling lens is adjusted to be coaxial with the collimator; the detection device is built as follows: placing a second light source at the focus of the collimator, placing a beam splitter between the second light source and the collimator, placing a camera at a light reflecting outlet in the vertical direction of the beam splitter, and adjusting the position of the camera to enable a light sensing surface of the camera to be located at the focus of the collimator;
(2) Marking the optical axis of the detection light path: the optical axis of the detection light path is marked by placing a pyramid prism at the light emitting side of the collimator and at the edge of the light transmission aperture of the collimator, collimating the light beam emitted by the second light source by the collimator, reflecting the light beam by the pyramid prism, focusing the light beam by the collimator to a camera for imaging, and recording the coordinates of light spots on the camera, namely the optical axis of the detection light path;
(3) Determining the Z-axis position of the coupling fiber: the Z-axis direction of the coupling optical fiber is the light beam propagation direction, the Z-axis position is the distance between the coupling optical fiber and the coupling lens, and the specific steps for determining the Z-axis position of the coupling optical fiber are as follows:
the first light source is collimated by the coupling lens, focused by the collimator, and observed by the camera to have a spot size on a focal plane, the divergence angle of the light beam output by the coupling lens is calculated according to the spot size, and the distance between the coupling lens and the coupling optical fiber is adjusted by the fixing structural part until the divergence angle is equal to a theoretical value, so that the Z-axis position of the coupling optical fiber is determined; the divergence angle half angle of the light beam output by the coupling lens is equal to the arc tangent value of the ratio of the radius R of the light spot to the focal length of the collimator;
when the end face of the coupling optical fiber is positioned on the focal point of the coupling lens, the theoretical value of the half angle of the divergence angle is equal to the radius of the mode field of the coupling optical fiber divided by the focal length, the distance between the coupling lens and the coupling optical fiber is adjusted through the fixed structural part until the divergence angle is equal to the theoretical value, and then the Z-axis position of the coupling optical fiber is determined;
(4) Determining the XY axis position of the coupling fiber: the specific steps for determining the XY axis position of the coupling optical fiber are as follows: the first light source is collimated by the coupling lens and focused by the collimator, a camera (11) observes spot coordinates, the position of the coupling optical fiber on the XY plane is visualized to be the spot coordinates on the camera (11), the XY position of the coupling optical fiber is adjusted until the spot on the camera is positioned at the optical axis position of the detection optical path recorded in the step (2), and the XY position determination of the coupling optical fiber is completed;
(5) Determining the XY axis inclination of the coupling fiber: the specific steps for determining the inclination of the coupling optical fiber around the XY axes are as follows: adjusting the position and the diameter of a diaphragm of a small hole in front of a coupling lens, wherein the center of the diaphragm is coaxial with a lens optical axis of the coupling lens, the centering of the small hole can be synchronously completed during lens assembly, or the coaxiality of the diaphragm small hole and a lens can be realized by a visible light laser and lens auto-collimation method, a first light source emits light, the light is focused and imaged to a camera through a collimator, a diffraction ring of the small hole can be observed on the camera, and the inclination of the coupling optical fiber is adjusted until the energy of the diffraction ring is uniformly distributed along the axial direction, and the inclination of the coupling optical fiber around an XY axis is determined;
(6) Calculating the coupling efficiency: turning off the first light source, turning on the second light source, and respectively measuring a free space laser power value in front of the coupling lens and a laser power value of the optical fiber circulator port by using a power meter, wherein the coupling efficiency is as follows: the ratio of the amount of power at the port of the fiber optic circulator to the amount of power before the coupling lens.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step (2) of marking the optical axis of the detection path requires a corner cube prism, the corner cube prism reflects the laser signal of the second light source into the camera, and records the coordinates of the spot on the camera, the coordinates representing the optical axis of the detection path.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the position of the coupling fiber in the XY plane in step (4) is visually represented as coordinates of a light spot on the camera, and the XY position of the coupling fiber is adjusted until the light spot on the camera is located on the optical axis coordinates of the detection optical path, thereby completing the XY position determination of the coupling fiber.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein any one of the assembling and adjusting devices constructed in the steps (1) to (5), the marking of the optical axis of the detection light path, the determination of the Z-axis position of the coupling fiber, the determination of the XY-axis position of the coupling fiber and the determination of the XY-axis inclination of the coupling fiber can cause the coupling efficiency not to reach the optimal range.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the coupling efficiency is determined according to a ratio result, and the tuning effect is the best when the maximum ratio is 81.45%.
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