CN115031227B - Thermal power generating unit and power grid - Google Patents
Thermal power generating unit and power grid Download PDFInfo
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- CN115031227B CN115031227B CN202111552562.3A CN202111552562A CN115031227B CN 115031227 B CN115031227 B CN 115031227B CN 202111552562 A CN202111552562 A CN 202111552562A CN 115031227 B CN115031227 B CN 115031227B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 specifically Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
- F22G1/16—Steam superheating characterised by heating method by using a separate heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler, e.g. by electricity, by auxiliary combustion of fuel oil
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
- F22D1/34—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines and returning condensate to boiler with main feed supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/50—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters incorporating thermal de-aeration of feed-water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
- F22D11/02—Arrangements of feed-water pumps
- F22D11/06—Arrangements of feed-water pumps for returning condensate to boiler
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal power generating unit and a peak regulation and frequency modulation power generation method, wherein the thermal power generating unit comprises: the unit body is used for generating electricity through heat generation; and the heat supplementing device is communicated with the unit body and is used for supplementing heat to the unit body through combustion heating and conveying smoke generated by combustion to the unit body. According to the thermal power generating unit, when electricity consumption is high, the heat supplementing device is used for supplementing heat to the unit body so as to increase the generated energy of the whole thermal power generating unit and meet electricity consumption requirements, and the heat supplementing device is used for conveying smoke generated by combustion to the unit body so as to recycle the waste heat of the smoke and recycle pollutants, so that the energy utilization rate can be improved, and the pollutant emission can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power generation, and particularly relates to a concurrent heating type thermal power generating unit and a power grid.
Background
At present, the peak-valley difference of the power consumption is large. The rapid growth of new energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like can well meet the requirement of newly increased electric quantity, but due to the intermittence and fluctuation of the new energy sources, stable power supply is not realized. Meanwhile, under the condition that the carbon emission constraint is tightened, a large number of coal motor sets cannot be newly built in each place, and the problem of insufficient peak power under certain conditions is caused. Many areas have the problem of insufficient power supply in the peak electricity utilization period, and the normal operation of economy and society is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the invention
The invention aims to provide a complementary thermal power generating unit and a power grid, wherein the complementary thermal power generating unit can be used for supplying electricity to a user at the expiration of a power consumption peak.
(II) technical scheme
A first aspect of the invention provides a thermal power generation unit comprising: the unit body is used for thermal power generation; the heat supplementing device is communicated with the unit body and is used for supplementing heat to the unit body through combustion heating; wherein, the heat supplementing device includes: the first heating part is used for heating condensation water in the unit body through combustion heat release of combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas; the second heating part is communicated with the first heating part and is used for receiving flue gas generated by combustion of the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas and heating condensation water in the unit body through heat of the flue gas; the flue gas outlet is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the unit body and is used for discharging the flue gas after heat release in the second heating part to the unit body; wherein the cold side of the first heating portion communicates with the hot side of the second heating portion.
Further, the unit body includes: the heat source is used for heating the condensation water to generate steam and comprises a smoke inlet which is communicated with a smoke outlet of the heat supplementing device and used for receiving smoke and heating the condensation water through smoke heat release; a steam turbine in communication with the hot steam outlet for generating electricity from steam; the condensing device is communicated with a steam outlet of the steam turbine and is used for condensing steam into condensation water; and the heating device is respectively communicated with the steam outlet of the heat source, the steam outlet of the steam turbine, the condensed water outlet of the condensing device and the condensed water inlet of the heat source, and is used for heating the condensed water through steam and conveying the heated condensed water to the heat source.
Further, the heat supplementing device further includes: a combustible gas inlet; a combustion-supporting gas inlet; the water temperature control device is respectively arranged at the combustible gas inlet and the combustion-supporting gas inlet and is used for controlling the water temperature flowing out of the condensation water outlet of the first heating part by controlling the flow rates of the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas.
Further, the steam outlet of the heat source includes: a first steam outlet and a second steam outlet; the steam turbine includes: a high pressure cylinder having a steam inlet in communication with the first steam outlet, the steam outlet of the high pressure cylinder in communication with the steam inlet of the heat source; a medium pressure cylinder, the steam inlet of which is communicated with the second steam outlet of the heat source; and the steam inlet of the low-pressure cylinder is communicated with the steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder, and the steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder is communicated with the steam inlet of the condensing device.
Further, the heating device includes: the condensed water inlet of the low-pressure heater is communicated with the condensed water outlet of the condensing device, and the steam inlet of the low-pressure heater is communicated with the steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder and/or the steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder; and the condensed water inlet of the high-pressure heater is communicated with the condensed water outlet of the low-pressure heater, and the steam inlet of the high-pressure heater is communicated with the steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder and/or the steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder.
Further, the condensed water inlet of the second heating part is communicated with the condensed water outlet of the condensing device, and the condensed water outlet of the second heating part is communicated with the condensed water inlet of the high-pressure heater; the first heating part is connected with the high-pressure heater in parallel.
Further, the condensed water inlet of the second heating part is communicated with the condensed water outlet of the condensing device, and the condensed water outlet of the second heating part is communicated with the condensed water inlet of the high-pressure heater; the condensation water inlet of the first heating part is communicated with the condensation water outlet of the high-pressure heater, and the condensation water inlet and outlet of the first heating part are communicated with the condensation water inlet of the heat source.
Further, the thermal power generating unit further includes: and the condensate inlet of the deaerator is communicated with the condensate outlet of the low-pressure heater, the condensate outlet of the deaerator is communicated with the condensate inlet of the high-pressure heater, and the steam inlet of the deaerator is communicated with the steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder.
A second aspect of the invention provides a power grid comprising a thermal power plant as provided in the first aspect of the invention.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a power generation method comprising: the thermal power generating unit provided in the first aspect of the invention is used for generating electricity, or the power grid provided in the second aspect of the invention is used for generating electricity.
(III) beneficial effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the thermal power generating unit, when electricity consumption is high, the thermal power generating unit body is subjected to thermal compensation by the thermal compensation device, so that the generated energy of the whole thermal power generating unit is increased, the electricity consumption requirement is met, and the thermal compensation device conveys flue gas generated by combustion to the unit body for recycling waste heat of the flue gas and recycling pollutants, so that the energy utilization rate can be improved, and the pollutant emission is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a thermal power generating unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a unit body according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a thermal power plant according to an example of the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a thermal power plant according to another example of the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heating furnace according to an exemplary embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100: a unit body; 110: a heat source; 120: a steam turbine; 121: a high-pressure cylinder; 122: a medium pressure cylinder; 123: a low pressure cylinder; 130: a condensing device; 140: a heating device; 141: a low pressure heater; 142: a high pressure heater; 150: a deaerator; 161: a water two-way valve; 162: a water three-way valve; 171: a steam extraction valve; 172: a steam three-way valve; 181: a water feed pump;
200, a heat supplementing device; 210: a first heating section; 220: a second heating section; 230: a flue gas outlet; 240: a burner; 250: a radiation chamber; 260: a convection chamber; 270: a denitration device; 280: a chimney;
300: and (5) a generator.
Detailed Description
The objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
A layer structure schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in the drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details may be exaggerated and some details may be omitted for clarity. The shapes of the various regions, layers and relative sizes, positional relationships between them shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, may in practice deviate due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and one skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions as actually required.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The thermal power generating unit is still a basic power supply in China, and the capacity of the total assembly machine exceeds 12 hundred million kilowatts. The existing thermal power generating unit is utilized to upgrade and reform, the power output of the thermal power generating unit at the power utilization peak moment is improved, the requirement of newly increased power load is met, and the thermal power generating unit is an important measure for realizing safe and stable operation of a power system in China.
At present, two main technical routes are provided for improving the peak shaving capacity of a coal motor unit and realizing capacity increase.
Firstly, the potential of the existing coal motor unit is excavated, and the boiler is reformed by burning coal with higher heat, so that the evaporation capacity of the boiler is improved, and the multiple and increased emissions of the coal motor unit are realized.
And secondly, by adding electrochemical energy storage equipment, energy is stored in a low-load period, and energy is released in a power consumption peak period, so that peak regulation is realized.
However, after the boiler operates for a period of time, the maximum evaporation capacity of the boiler is hardly achieved due to the influence of factors such as component aging, coal variety change and the like, and the capacity increasing implementation effect is not obvious.
2. The electrochemical energy storage technology route has the factors of high price, low energy density, poor safety and the like, so that only small-scale demonstration can be performed.
First embodiment
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a thermal power generating unit, including: a unit body 100 for generating power by generating heat; the heat supplementing device 200 is communicated with the unit body 100, and is configured to supplement heat to the unit body 100 by combustion heat and convey smoke generated by combustion to the unit body 100, where the heat supplementing device 200 includes: a first heating part 210 for heating the condensed water in the unit body 100 by heat released by combustion of the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas; a second heating portion 220, which is communicated with the first heating portion 210, and is configured to receive flue gas generated by combustion of the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas, and heat condensation water in the unit body 100 by heat of the flue gas; a smoke outlet 230, which is communicated with the smoke inlet of the unit body 100, and is used for discharging the smoke discharged by the second heating part 220 to the unit body 100; wherein the cold side of the first heating part 210 is communicated with the hot side of the second heating part 220, and the first person does not heat the condensed water heated by the second heating part 220. The thermal power generating unit of this embodiment carries out the concurrent heating to unit body 100 with concurrent heating device 200 through when the power consumption peak to increase the generated energy of whole thermal power generating unit, satisfy the power consumption demand, and concurrent heating device 200 carries the flue gas that the burning produced to unit body 100, carries out the waste heat reuse of flue gas and the recovery of pollutant, can improve energy utilization, reduces pollutant emission.
Referring to fig. 2, in an alternative embodiment, the unit body 100 includes: a heat source 110 for heating the condensed water to generate steam, wherein the heat source 110 comprises a flue gas inlet, and the flue gas inlet is communicated with a flue gas outlet 230 of the heat supplementing device 200 and is used for receiving flue gas and heating the condensed water through flue gas heat release; a steam turbine 120, which is communicated with the hot steam outlet and is used for generating electricity through steam; a condensing device 130, which is communicated with a steam outlet of the steam turbine 120, and is used for condensing steam into condensed water; and the heating device 140 is respectively communicated with the steam outlet of the heat source 110, the steam outlet of the steam turbine 120, the condensed water outlet of the condensing device 130 and the condensed water inlet of the heat source 110, and is used for heating the condensed water through steam and conveying the heated condensed water to the heat source 110. The heat source 110 is optionally a coal-fired boiler of a coal-fired power plant, and is used for converting chemical energy of coal into heat energy, generating steam for condensed water and sending the steam into the steam turbine 120. The condensing device 130 is optionally a condenser, and is a heat exchanger for condensing the steam discharged from the turbine into water.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat compensating device 200 further includes: a combustible gas inlet; a combustion-supporting gas inlet; the water temperature control device is respectively arranged at the combustible gas inlet and the combustion-supporting gas inlet, and is used for controlling the water temperature flowing out of the condensation water outlet of the first heating part 210 by controlling the flow rates of the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas. So as to achieve the purpose of controlling the degree of heat supplement. Further alternatively, the water temperature control device controls the outlet water temperature by controlling the primary energy and the air flow of the heating furnace, so as to ensure that the water temperatures at the inlet of the deaerator and the inlet of the boiler are in an allowable range. If the water supply temperature is too low or too high, the water power balance and the flue gas denitration of the boiler are affected.
In an alternative embodiment, the steam outlet of the heat source 110 comprises: a first steam outlet and a second steam outlet; the steam turbine 120 includes: a high pressure cylinder 121, a steam inlet of which communicates with the first steam outlet, and a steam outlet of the high pressure cylinder 121 communicates with a steam inlet of the heat source 110; a medium pressure cylinder 122 having a steam inlet in communication with a second steam outlet of the heat source 110; the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder 123 communicates with the steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder 122, and the steam outlet of the low pressure cylinder 123 communicates with the steam inlet of the condenser 130. The steam turbine 120 is provided with a pneumatic cylinder with sequentially reduced pressure, and converts heat energy into mechanical energy in a grading manner, so that the conversion efficiency is high.
In an alternative embodiment, the heating device 140 includes: a low pressure heater 141, the condensate inlet of which is communicated with the condensate outlet of the condensing device 130, and the steam inlet of the low pressure heater 141 is communicated with the steam outlet of the medium pressure cylinder 122 and/or the steam outlet of the low pressure cylinder 123; the high-pressure heater 142 has a condensate inlet in communication with a condensate outlet of the low-pressure heater 141, and a steam inlet of the high-pressure heater 142 in communication with a steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder 121 and/or a steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder 122. That is, the steam inlet of the high-pressure heater 142 may be communicated with the steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder 121 and the steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder 122, or the steam inlet of the high-pressure heater 142 may be communicated with one of the steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder 121 and the steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder 122. The condensed water is heated in stages by the low-pressure heater 141 and the high-pressure heater 142 so that the condensed water returned to the heat source 110 reaches a specified temperature range, wherein the number of the low-pressure heater 141 and the high-pressure heater 142 may be 3.
Referring to fig. 3, in an alternative embodiment, the condensate inlet of the second heating part 220 is in communication with the condensate outlet of the condensing device, and the condensate outlet of the second heating part 220 is in communication with the condensate inlet of the high pressure heater 142; the first heating part 210 is connected in parallel with the high-pressure heater 142. Specifically, the first heating unit 210 is connected in parallel with the high-pressure heater 142 such that the condensate inlet of the first heating unit 210 is connected to the condensate inlet of the high-pressure heater 142, and the condensate inlet and outlet of the first heating unit 210 is connected to the condensate outlet of the high-pressure heater 142. That is, the second heating part 220 and the low pressure heater 141 cooperate to heat the condensed water, and the first heating part 210 and the high pressure heater 142 cooperate to further heat the condensed water heated by the second heating part 220 and the low pressure heater 141.
Referring to fig. 4, in an alternative embodiment, the condensate inlet of the second heating part 220 is in communication with the condensate outlet of the condensing device, and the condensate outlet of the second heating part 220 is in communication with the condensate inlet of the high pressure heater 142; the condensate inlet of the first heating part 210 is communicated with the condensate outlet of the high pressure heater 142, and the condensate inlet and outlet of the first heating part 210 is communicated with the condensate inlet of the heat source 110. The second heating part 220 and the low pressure heater 141 cooperate to heat the condensed water, and then the high pressure heater 142 further heats the condensed water heated by the second heating part 220 and the low pressure heater 141, and finally the first heating part 210 heats the condensed water heated by the high price heater, and the heated water flows into the heat source 110.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat compensating device 200 is a heating furnace: the heating furnace uses primary energy sources such as natural gas, oil, coal, biomass and the like to heat water, and the heating furnace can be arranged in parallel with the high-pressure heater 142 or in series with the high-pressure heater 142. When arranged in parallel, the feedwater bypass point may be located between the high-pressure heater 142 and the feedwater pump 181, or may be located between the high-pressure heaters 142. When arranged in series, the heating furnace may be located between the high-pressure heater 142 and the boiler, between the two-stage high-pressure heater 142, or between the high-pressure heater 142 and the feed pump 181. The heating furnace comprises a burner, a radiation chamber, a convection chamber, a desulfurization and denitrification device, a chimney and other devices, and the water is heated by combusting natural gas or oil or coal or biomass and other primary energy sources. The heating furnace of the embodiment can be of a single pressure type, and only high-pressure water supply is heated at the moment; the heating device can also be of a double-pressure type, and is used for heating high-pressure water supply and medium-pressure condensed water at the moment. The single-pressure type smoke exhaust temperature is higher and the efficiency is lower because the water supply temperature is higher; the double pressure type is used for heating the condensed water by the flue gas, the flue gas temperature is lower, and the efficiency is higher. The embodiment takes the double pressure type as the main scheme. The heating furnace has no evaporation link, so that the load adjusting speed is high, the heat exchange function power can be rapidly increased or decreased, and conditions are created for the participation of the thermal power generating unit in rapid frequency adjustment. In addition, the flue gas discharged from the heating furnace can be sent into the coal-fired boiler for desulfurization and denitrification, at the moment, desulfurization and denitrification facilities in the heating furnace can be canceled, waste heat can be further recovered, and an independent desulfurization and denitrification device can be arranged and directly discharged into a chimney.
Referring to fig. 3 or 4, in an alternative embodiment, the thermal power generating unit further includes: and a deaerator 150, the condensate inlet of which is communicated with the condensate outlet of the low pressure heater 141, the condensate outlet of the deaerator 150 is communicated with the condensate inlet of the high pressure heater 142, and the steam inlet of the deaerator 150 is communicated with the steam outlet of the medium pressure cylinder 122. The deaerator 150 is used for removing dissolved oxygen and other gases in the condensed water in the thermal power generating unit, and preventing corrosion of thermal equipment. The input is condensed water and high-temperature steam, and the output is condensed water. The temperature in the deaerator 150 should be just at or above the overflow temperature of the gas so that the deaerator 150 will function properly. For example, the medium pressure cylinder 122 of the thermal power generating unit of the present embodiment has a temperature of about 580 ° and a pressure of about 1-2kp, and may heat the condensed water in the deaerator 150.
Referring to fig. 3 or 4, in an alternative embodiment, the thermal power generating unit further includes: valves are provided between the steam turbine 120 and the heating device 140, between the condensing device 130 and the heating device 140, and between the condensing device 130 and the heat storage device, for controlling the flow rate of the steam or the condensed water. Optionally, the valve comprises: the condensate valve is used for controlling the flow rate and the flow velocity of the condensate in the unit body 100, wherein the condensate valve can be set as a water two-way valve 161 or a water three-way valve 162 according to the requirement. The valve further comprises: the steam valve is used for controlling the flow rate and the flow velocity of the steam, and can be set as a steam extraction valve 171 or a steam three-way valve 172 according to the requirements.
Referring to fig. 3 or 4, in an alternative embodiment, the thermal power generating unit further includes: and a feedwater pump 181 for pressurizing the condensate degassed by the deaerator 150 and delivering the pressurized condensate to the high-pressure heater 142 and/or the heat compensating device 200.
The scheme of the embodiment realizes the great capacity increment of the coal motor group. On the premise of not affecting the operation safety and stability of the coal-fired boiler and the steam turbine 120, the power generation capacity of the existing coal motor group can be increased by 5% -10%. And the energy density is high, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization. Considering the 350MW coal motor unit, the required occupied area of the engineering is only 2000 square meters, so the method is suitable for large-scale popularization.
The thermal power generating unit according to the above embodiment has high overall efficiency. The cascade utilization of the combustion temperature is realized, and the flue gas temperature of the heating furnace is reduced.
The thermal power generating unit of the scheme of the embodiment has low overall cost. The existing equipment for storing coal and electricity is utilized, and the unit kilowatt cost of the newly-increased power generation capacity can be reduced to below 1000 yuan/kW, which is far lower than that of the newly-increased thermal power station.
In an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment provides for the modification of a certain 350MW coal electric motor set for heat compensation, capacity increase and peak regulation.
Basic condition of unit
The unit is an ultra-supercritical one-time reheating unit, the main steam parameter is 566 ℃, the reheating steam parameter is 24.2MPa, the reheating steam parameter is 566 ℃, the reheating steam parameter is 3.5MPa, and the boiler evaporation capacity is 1025t/h under the THA working condition. The extraction parameters of each stage from the steam turbine to the high-pressure heater, the deaerator and the low-pressure heater under the THA working condition are as follows:
| pressure (Mpa) | Temperature (. Degree. C.) | Enthalpy value (kJ/kg) | Steam extraction (t/h) | |
| Steam turbine to 1# high-pressure fuel adding | 5.8 | 357.5 | 3069.9 | 63.7 |
| Steam turbine to 2# high-pressure fuel adding | 3.9 | 306.3 | 2982.5 | 56.9 |
| Steam turbine to 3# high-pressure fuel adding | 2 | 480.3 | 3424.7 | 33.6 |
| Steam turbine to deaerator | 1 | 383.9 | 3230.1 | 35.5 |
| Steam turbine to 1# low-adding | 0.53 | 297.9 | 3059.5 | 24.0 |
| Steam turbine to 2# low-adding | 0.32 | 249.5 | 2966.2 | 42.7 |
| Steam turbine to 3# low-adding | 0.11 | 102.5 | 2679.6 | 55.6 |
(II) machine set reconstruction scheme
4 Sets of gas heating furnaces (see fig. 5) are additionally arranged between the boiler and the No. 1 high-pressure heater, and natural gas combustion is utilized to heat water supply; and the bypass part of the condensed water is sent to a flue of the heater path, and the flue gas is utilized to heat the condensed water.
The gas heating furnace comprises a burner, a radiation chamber, a convection chamber, a denitration device, a chimney and the like. Wherein, be provided with the first heating portion in the radiant chamber, the chimney is provided with above-mentioned second heating portion, and the gas heating furnace is two return circuit water supplies, main technical parameter:
Rated heat load: 30MW;
thermal efficiency: 93%.
The design pressure of the #1 water loop furnace tube is 20MPa, the rated flow is 250t/h, the inlet water temperature is 180 ℃, the outlet water temperature is 275 ℃, and the pressure drop of the water loop furnace is 0.2MPa.
#2 Water Loop furnace tube design pressure: 3MPa, rated flow 25t/h, inlet water temperature of 50 ℃, outlet water temperature of 130 ℃ and water loop furnace pressure drop of 0.1MPa.
The temperature of the exhaust gas is 80 ℃.
Peak regulating operation of unit
When the power grid electricity demand increases, gradually reducing the steam extraction from the steam turbine to the high-pressure heater, reducing the steam extraction from the steam turbine to the low-pressure heater, starting the gas heating furnace, and ensuring that the water temperature of the boiler water supply and the deaerator inlet is in a reasonable temperature range. And stopping the heating furnace after peak regulation is finished, and recovering the steam extraction amount from the steam turbine to the high-pressure heater and the low-pressure heater.
(IV) implementation effects
At the time of electricity consumption peak, the steam extraction from the steam turbine to the high-pressure heater is reduced to 20% of the THA working condition, and the steam turbine to the low-pressure heater working condition is reduced to 90% of the THA working condition. At this time, the steam flow through the last stage blade of the high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is increased by 51t/h, the steam flow through the medium pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is increased by 96t/h, and the steam flow through the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is increased by about 130/h. The calculation shows that 51MW of power increase can be realized, and the overload capacity of the turbine is not exceeded by 15%. The output power of the generator set is increased from 350MW to 401MW.
The heat consumption of the power generation increasing part is 125MW (the natural gas consumption is 1.3 ten thousand cubic meters per hour), and the equivalent power generation efficiency of the power generation increasing part is 42%.
Second embodiment
The embodiment provides a power grid, which comprises the complementary thermal power generating unit provided by the first embodiment of the invention.
The present embodiment is the same as the first embodiment and will not be described in detail herein.
Third embodiment
The present embodiment provides a power generation method including: the complementary thermal power generating unit provided by the first embodiment of the invention is used for generating power, or the power grid provided by the second embodiment of the invention is used for generating power.
In an alternative embodiment, the present embodiment provides a method for adding hair to a unit. Specifically, when the system needs that the turbine unit runs beyond rated load, the opening of a steam extraction valve of a high-pressure heater and a steam cylinder of the turbine are preferentially adjusted to be smaller, the opening of a water valve of a water supply bypass channel is simultaneously adjusted to reduce water supply through the high-pressure heater, and all or part of water supply is heated through a heating furnace, and the heat exchange amount is controlled by controlling the input of primary energy so that the water supply temperature is in an allowable range; meanwhile, the opening of the steam valve of the middle pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to the low pressure heater can be properly reduced, the opening of the water supply valve of the condensate bypass channel is simultaneously increased, part of condensate is heated by the heating furnace, and the temperature of condensate at the inlet of the deaerator is controlled to be in an allowable range. If the high-pressure heater is completely bypassed, the output power of the steam turbine can reach more than 110% of the rated power.
In an alternative embodiment, the present embodiment provides a method of secondary frequency modulation. Specifically, the secondary frequency modulation capability of the thermal power generating unit is mainly limited by inertia of the coal-fired boiler (namely the heat source), and the heating furnace, the water supply and the condensed water are in explicit heat exchange unlike the boiler, an evaporation link does not exist, and the heat exchange power adjusting speed is far faster than the speed of the coal-fired boiler for adjusting the temperature and the flow of main steam. When the system participates in secondary frequency modulation, if the output power of the steam turbine needs to be increased rapidly, the high-pressure cylinder and the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine are regulated to be reduced to a high-pressure heater for extracting steam through a steam valve, the steam flow flowing through the steam turbine is increased at the moment, the output power of the steam turbine can be increased rapidly, meanwhile, the water supply valve of a water supply bypass channel is used for increasing the water supply of a heating furnace, the primary energy and the air flow are increased, the heat exchange power is improved, and the water supply temperature is ensured to be at a normal level; if the output power of the steam turbine needs to be reduced rapidly, the high-pressure cylinder and the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine are regulated to be in steam extraction from the high-pressure heater through the steam valve, the steam flow flowing through the steam turbine is reduced, the output power of the steam turbine can be reduced rapidly, meanwhile, the water supply valve of the water supply bypass channel is reduced to supply water to the heating furnace, the primary energy and the air flow are increased, the heat exchange power is reduced, and the water supply temperature is ensured to be at a normal level.
In an alternative embodiment, the present embodiment provides a method for recovering flue gas, specifically, flue gas discharged from a heating furnace may be sent to a coal-fired boiler for desulfurization and denitrification, at this time, desulfurization and denitrification facilities in the heating furnace may be eliminated, waste heat may be further recovered, and an independent desulfurization and denitrification device may be also provided, and directly discharged into a chimney.
The patent provides a thermal power generating unit, electric wire netting and power generation method, thermal power generating unit includes: the unit body is used for generating electricity through heat generation; and the heat supplementing device is communicated with the unit body and is used for supplementing heat to the unit body through combustion heating and conveying smoke generated by combustion to the unit body. And a heat supplementing device is added for the water supply and condensation water of the unit body. At the electricity consumption peak moment, reduce the steam turbine to the extraction of high pressure heater and low pressure heater to utilize the heating furnace to heat for feedwater and condensate water, guarantee that the temperature of steam-water system main node is in normal level, the steam flow who flows through the steam turbine body after the extraction reduces promotes, and thermal power generating unit can realize the increase in firing. Meanwhile, the exhaust gas of the heat supplementing device is sent to the existing coal-fired boiler for waste heat recovery and pollutant treatment, so that the energy efficiency is improved, and the pollutant emission is reduced.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explanation of the principles of the present invention and are in no way limiting of the invention. Accordingly, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the scope and boundary of the appended claims, or equivalents of such scope and boundary.
Claims (7)
1. A thermal power generating unit, comprising:
A unit body (100) for thermal power generation;
the heat supplementing device (200) is communicated with the unit body (100) and is used for supplementing heat to the unit body (100) through combustion heating;
Wherein the heat compensating device (200) comprises:
A first heating unit (210) for heating the condensation water in the unit body (100) by the heat released by the combustion of the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas;
the second heating part (220) is communicated with the first heating part (210) and is used for receiving flue gas generated by combustion of the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas and heating condensation water in the unit body (100) through heat of the flue gas;
a flue gas outlet (230) which is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the unit body (100) and is used for discharging the flue gas which is discharged by the second heating part (220) to the unit body (100);
wherein the cold side of the first heating portion (210) communicates with the hot side of the second heating portion (220);
The unit body (100) includes:
the heat source (110) is used for heating the condensed water to generate steam, and the heat source (110) comprises a flue gas inlet which is communicated with a flue gas outlet (230) of the heat supplementing device (200) and is used for receiving flue gas and heating the condensed water through flue gas heat release;
A steam turbine (120) which is communicated with a steam outlet of the heat source (110) and is used for generating electricity through steam;
A condensing device (130) communicated with a steam outlet of the steam turbine (120) for condensing steam into condensed water;
The heating device (140) is respectively communicated with the steam outlet of the heat source (110), the steam outlet of the steam turbine (120), the condensed water outlet of the condensing device (130) and the condensed water inlet of the heat source (110) and is used for heating condensed water through steam and conveying the heated condensed water to the heat source (110);
the heat compensating device (200) further includes:
a combustible gas inlet;
a combustion-supporting gas inlet;
The water temperature control device is respectively arranged at the combustible gas inlet and the combustion-supporting gas inlet and is used for controlling the water temperature flowing out of the condensed water outlet of the first heating part (210) by controlling the flow rates of the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas;
The steam outlet of the heat source (110) comprises: a first steam outlet and a second steam outlet;
The steam turbine (120) includes:
a high pressure cylinder (121) having a steam inlet in communication with the first steam outlet, the steam outlet of the high pressure cylinder (121) in communication with the steam inlet of the heat source (110);
A medium pressure cylinder (122) having a steam inlet in communication with a second steam outlet of the heat source (110);
And a low-pressure cylinder (123) with a steam inlet communicated with a steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder (122), and a steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder (123) is communicated with a steam inlet of the condensing device (130).
2. The thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the heating device (140) comprises:
A low-pressure heater (141) having a condensate inlet connected to a condensate outlet of the condenser (130), a steam inlet of the low-pressure heater (141) being connected to a steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder (122) and a steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder (123);
and a high-pressure heater (142) with a condensate inlet communicated with a condensate outlet of the low-pressure heater (141), and a steam inlet of the high-pressure heater (142) is communicated with a steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder (121) and a steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder (122).
3. The thermal power generating unit according to claim 2, wherein,
The condensed water inlet of the second heating part (220) is communicated with the condensed water outlet of the condensing device, and the condensed water outlet of the second heating part (220) is communicated with the condensed water inlet of the high-pressure heater (142);
the first heating section (210) is connected in parallel with the high-pressure heater (142).
4. The thermal power generating unit according to claim 2, wherein,
The condensed water inlet of the second heating part (220) is communicated with the condensed water outlet of the condensing device, and the condensed water outlet of the second heating part (220) is communicated with the condensed water inlet of the high-pressure heater (142);
The condensate inlet of the first heating part (210) is communicated with the condensate outlet of the high-pressure heater (142), and the condensate inlet and outlet of the first heating part (210) is communicated with the condensate inlet of the heat source (110).
5. The thermal power generation unit of claim 2, further comprising:
And a deaerator (150) with a condensate inlet communicated with the condensate outlet of the low-pressure heater (141), the condensate outlet of the deaerator (150) is communicated with the condensate inlet of the high-pressure heater (142), and the steam inlet of the deaerator (150) is communicated with the steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder (122).
6. An electrical grid comprising a thermal power generation unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A method of generating electricity, comprising: power generation using the thermal power generation unit of any one of claims 1 to 5, or power generation using the power grid of claim 6.
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