CN115039622A - Blueberry flower promoting and trimming method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a blueberry flower promoting and trimming method, and belongs to the technical field of gardening cultivation management. The pruning method comprises the steps of carrying out corresponding short-cut aiming at different branches after thinning branches, and cutting the new shoots longer than 30cm to be less than 30cm according to the standard of flower promotion. The flower promoting pruning method ensures that the remained branches can grow into flowers, and improves the lignification quality of bearing branches and the quality of flower buds; the flower promoting pruning promotes the formation time of branch flower buds to be relatively concentrated, which is beneficial to relatively concentrating the fruit mature period in the next year and is convenient for concentrated picking; adjusting the forming position of flower buds to ensure that bearing branches are distributed according to the high-yield tree type gradient, thereby achieving the purpose of high-quality fruiting; a blueberry flower-promoting pruning technical system is established, so that the industrial management and implementation of blueberry production become possible.

Description

Blueberry flower promoting and trimming method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of gardening cultivation management, and particularly relates to a blueberry flower promoting and trimming method.

Background

In recent years, the development of the blueberry industry in China is rapid, the cultivation technology is gradually developed and improved, and the yield and quality of the blueberries are determined by taking the pruning technology as the core of the cultivation technology. The yield and quality of the blueberries depend on the number and quality of fruit branches formed by the blueberries in autumn, namely, how to improve or ensure the formation of new shoots and flower buds in autumn is a key technology in production.

The formation, development and expansion time of blueberry flower buds are finished from the first ten days of 9 months to the middle and last ten days of 10 months, and the difference of different varieties is large. Many blueberry industry producers can not combine the flowering characteristics and mechanism of blueberries to reasonably promote flower pruning due to the limitations of knowledge, technology and the like. Through investigation, at present, blueberry main cultivation areas (Liaoning, Shandong and the like) have a plurality of problems in the aspect of autumn flower-promoting pruning technology, or simply thinning branches, or not pruning natural growth, or unscientific flower-promoting pruning time and short-cut positions and the like, and the technical standard of forming is not met, so that the quantity and quality of bearing branches do not reach the standard, and the yield of the second year is seriously influenced. Whether the new tips of the blueberries can form flowers or not in autumn or the quality and the position of bearing branches become bottlenecks in the development of the yield and the quality of the blueberries.

The existing blueberry cultivation technology does not have a formed autumn shear or flower-promoting pruning technology. Weak branches or over-vigorous branches and overground branches are generally not pruned or simply pruned, and branches are closed by trees. Reasonable flower promoting pruning is not carried out by combining the flowering characteristics and mechanism of blueberries, and the problems of flowering fruit formation by using strong branches which cannot flower and high-yield tree type establishment and the like are not thoroughly solved and utilized.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a blueberry flower-promoting pruning method, which artificially promotes the growth stop of new shoots, promotes the differentiation and formation of flower buds, achieves the purpose that the remained branches form full flower buds, and lays a foundation for the yield and quality of the next year.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a blueberry flower-promoting pruning method is characterized in that corresponding short sections are taken for different branches after the branches are thinned, and comprises the following steps: for shoots longer than 30 cm: cutting the uncapped upright strong branch and bare-grown branch to lignification position, the position full of axillary bud or clipping for 20-30 cm; wherein, the short shoots growing on the basic branches are cut short to the semi-lignification position or 15-20 cm; cutting the germinated young shoots to 20-25cm in summer when the young shoots are too long or not capped; after the single branch is prolonged and grown for 2-3 times, the single branch is cut short to the position of the once grown branch according to the tree shape, and the length is 15-25 cm; main branches, vertical branches with germinated bottom buds or overgrowing branches with germinated fruit mother branches are cut short to the position of lignification on the plane or the position where the axillary buds are full or 10-15cm away; when the young shoots sprouting after the black tip is less than 5-10cm, young shoots growing next time are cut off.

The lignification position or the position where the axillary buds are full or 10-15cm away on the plane.

Preferably, the thickness of the short section of the shear mouth is 2.5-3.5mm

Preferably, the capped shoots are not treated until the shoot length is less than 30 cm.

Preferably, the thinning comprises: removing overlong or crossed branches among plants, and ensuring that the distance between the branches and the heads among the plants is 20-25 cm; thinning and removing the branches close to the ground and the weak branches in the inner chamber; removing the over-dense and weak branches on the branch group, and retracting the fruiting branch group.

Preferably, the truncation time is: adjusting the variety of the northern Chongzhu from the middle of 9 months to the upper of 10 months, and the variety of the southern Chongzhu from the middle of 9 months to the middle of 10 months according to different planting areas.

Preferably, when the leaf bud germination phenomenon appears after the truncation, the germinated young shoots are broken off after 7-10 days of the truncation.

Preferably, the method further comprises foliar fertilization, comprising: before the cutting, 500 times of 1-time monopotassium phosphate and 4000 times of mineral source fulvic acid potassium are sprayed and sprayed at the beginning of 9 months; after the short cut, 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 2000 times of potassium phosphite 1500-.

More preferably, foliar fertilization is carried out once 5 to 10 days after the truncation, and continues until 10 middle of the month.

Preferably, the method further comprises moisture management, including: controlling the soil moisture content to be 20-25% within 2 weeks after cutting; entering a flower bud expanding period, and controlling the soil moisture content to be 20-35%; and (5) completing the flower bud expansion of the young shoots, and performing primary large water application.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention establishes a high-yield tree type by cutting or retracting the overlong branches to form flowers and adjusting the flower forming positions of the bearing branches, so that the bearing positions are distributed in a gradient way, and the quality and the yield are ensured.

(2) The flower-promoting pruning technology is applied to ensure that the flowering branches can not be formed without topping or overgrowing branches and the like, and better flower buds are formed, so that the yield and the quality are improved.

(3) The flower-promoting pruning technology is applied, so that the flower bud differentiation formation periods of the same batch are relatively consistent, and the relative consistency of flowering, fruiting and maturation is ensured. The technical problem of centralized industrial batch picking is solved, the picking amount is increased, and the batch picking of the blueberries becomes possible.

(4) The invention of the flower-promoting pruning technology adjusts the number of flower buds, improves the quality of the flower buds, ensures the reasonable number of the flower buds of bearing branches, avoids excessive flower formation and saves flower thinning operation.

(5) The invention has the advantages of thinning the branches, solving the problem of illumination in the flowering period, saving nutrients, promoting lignification growth of the remained natural capping bearing branches and improving the quality of flower buds. The producer can also reasonably increase the adjustment thinning amount and reduce the pruning amount of the fixed branch in the next year by combining the yield and the fixed branch amount standard in the next year.

Detailed Description

The blueberry flower-promoting pruning technical support comes from the physiological characteristics of blueberry flower bud formation, namely, blueberries are short-day flowering plants, the low temperature, particularly the night temperature is 7-15 ℃, and the temperature below 25 ℃ in the daytime is another environmental factor for blueberry flower formation. The Liaoning area basically has the environmental conditions in the middle ten days of 9 months, and the difference between varieties is large. The new shoot flowering characteristic of the blueberries is that flower bud differentiation can be carried out when the tops of branches are sealed (black tips) and do not sprout any more, the differentiation sequence is from top to bottom, 3-7 flower buds can be formed, and the difference of different varieties is large and can be more than 10. The differentiation time of the flower primordium is about 7-10 days, and the flower primordium can enter morphological differentiation and expansion development. The flower promoting and pruning is carried out for 15 to 20 days, and the flower bud expansion stage is entered. The higher the lignification degree of the young shoots, the better the formation quality of flower buds.

Based on the mechanism, the invention aims to artificially promote the growth of young shoots to stop by adopting a short-cut mode through trimming test research on the basis of establishing a high-yield tree type, and determine the appropriate length or position for short-cut flower-promoting trimming, so that the flower formation quality is optimal; determining proper trimming time to ensure that axillary buds under the trimmed part do not germinate; through the application of technical measures such as water and fertilizer management after pruning, the flower bud differentiation and formation are promoted, the purpose that the remained branches form full flower buds is achieved, and a foundation is laid for the yield and quality in the next year.

Through test and production verification, the flowering conditions of different types of branches with different lengths, thicknesses and the like are summarized and optimized. The research finds that: when the young shoots are cut short to a proper position, flower buds can be formed under the cut axillary buds as long as the young shoots do not sprout, but the quantity and the quality are related to factors such as growth environment, management and the like. The formation of flower buds by flower promoting and pruning is mainly related to the lignification degree and the short-cut position of branches. The flower is cut short to the position of semi-lignification and lignification or the position of the axillary bud which is full, namely the position with the relatively maximum area of the functional leaf, and the flower formation quality is the best; meanwhile, related to the thickness of the cut opening of the short section, the flower forming quality of the stem with the diameter of 2.5-3.5mm is the best, 0-1 shrunken flower buds can be formed due to the difference of the flower forming quality of the stem with the diameter of more than 4.5mm, the flower trimming is not needed when the stem with the diameter of less than 2mm, and the stem with the diameter of 3.0mm is more preferred. The length of the short section is less than 5cm, and basically no flower or 1-2 shrunken flower buds are formed. The over-long branches are cut to the length of 2/3-3/4 of the whole branches, the number and the quality of the flower buds formed under the over-long branches are good, 3-5 flower buds can be formed generally, and the top 1-2 flower buds are multiple flower buds.

Based on the above, the invention provides a blueberry flower-promoting pruning method based on various factors, which comprises the following steps of taking corresponding short cuts for different branches after thinning the branches, wherein the short cuts are taken for the branches with the length of more than 30 cm:

the middle-sized young shoots are too long or grow branches once, the branches are longer than 30cm and are cut to 20-25 cm;

cutting the straight strong branch and the bare-grown branch with the length of more than 30cm to the lignification position and the position where the axillary bud is full or cutting the branch for 20-30 cm; wherein, the short shoots growing on the basic branches are cut short to the semi-lignification position or 15-20 cm;

cutting the germinated young shoots to 20-25cm in summer when the young shoots are too long or not capped;

the single branch is prolonged and grown for 2-3 times, and is cut short to the position of the branch growing for one time according to the tree shape, and the length is 15-25 cm;

main branches, bottom buds germinate upright branches or fruiting mother branches germinate spindly branches, and the branches are cut short to the position of lignification on the plane or the position where the axillary buds are full or 10-15cm less;

when the young shoots germinate after the black tip is less than 5-10cm, the young shoots growing in the next time are reduced.

Before the optimal cutting, the invention firstly carries out proper thinning and opens the light path to ensure ventilation and light transmission and ensure the photosynthesis of the remained young shoots and the formation requirement of flower buds: firstly, removing overlong or crossed branches among plants, and ensuring that the distance between the branches and the heads among the plants is 20-25 cm; secondly, thinning and removing the branches close to the ground and the weak branches in the inner chamber; finally, thinning and removing the over-dense and weak branches on the branch groups, and properly retracting the fruiting branch groups; and (4) not treating the capped young shoots with branch length below 25-30 cm. The thinning technical standard does not influence the formation of flower buds of the whole plant, especially the lower young shoots under the condition of ensuring the illumination, reserves the young shoots to the maximum extent, and ensures the nutrient reflux in the dormancy stage and the branch requirement of the expected yield. The producer can also reasonably increase the adjustment thinning amount and reduce the pruning amount of the fixed branch in the next year by combining the yield and the fixed branch amount standard in the next year.

The time required for the axillary buds not to germinate and the flower buds to differentiate and expand after the pruning of the cutlets is 2 necessary conditions for the success of the pruning of the cutlets. After the cut short cut flower promoting pruning, axillary buds under the cut mouth do not germinate, which is the primary condition for flower formation. The flower-promoting pruning operation is influenced by factors such as environment, production operation and the like, the pruning is too early, and the lower axillary buds germinate and lose the flower forming effect; if the pruning is too late, the time for the differentiation and formation of flower buds is insufficient due to the climate conditions such as too low temperature, and the formation, quantity and quality of the flower buds are affected. Through years of different pruning time tests, the flower-promoting pruning short-cut time nodes of different blueberry varieties and varieties are determined in a summary mode, and the flower forming effect is obvious. Tests and production show that after the flower promoting pruning, the cut axillary buds can be enlarged and the flower primordium can be formed generally for about 7 days, and further differentiation and growth can be realized, the flower buds can be enlarged in half a month, 3-5 full flower buds can be seen in about one month, 2-3 flower buds are arranged at the top, and at least 1 flower bud is a multiple flower bud. The earlier the flower promoting and pruning is, the more the flower buds are, the plump the flower buds are and the better the quality is. And the flower bud formed by natural capping is a single flower bud, and the volume of the single flower bud is smaller than that of the flower bud for promoting flower pruning. Compared with the flower bud formed by natural capping, the growth state after temperature rise is shown in the way that the flower spikes are evacuated, the length of the flower spikes is increased by 25-30%, the number of small flowers is increased by 30-40%, the fruit is large in size, good in quality and relatively consistent in flowering period.

Based on the above, by integrating various factors, the preferred truncation time of the northern high-clump variety is from the middle ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months, the variety difference and the climate condition can be correspondingly adjusted within the range, the early time can be started in the solar terms of the white dew, and the late time is at the end of 9 months in the regions with higher temperature; as an implementation mode, the best cut-off time for flower-promoting pruning of the Liaoning north high variety is in the autumn, and the pruning time in Shandong is from 9 months to 15 days to 10 days. According to the method, the preferred truncation time of the southern highbush variety is from the middle and last ten days of 9 months to the middle and last ten days of 10 months, and the variety difference and the climate condition can be adjusted correspondingly within the range; further preferably, the variety has higher cold requirement of more than 300 hours, and the truncation time is 9 months, 15 days to 9 months, 30 days; the cold requirement is less than 250 hours or the variety without cold requirement, the truncation time is 9 months, 20 days to 9 months, 30 days, the greenhouse cultivation is 5 days at the latest, as an implementation mode, the optimal truncation time is 9 months, 25 days, and the suitable truncation time is 9 months, 20 days to 10 months, 15 days in Shandong area.

In the established standard range of the cut-short flower-promoting pruning time, due to the influences of factors such as regions, growth vigor, temperature and the like, a phenomenon of a small amount of germination of leaf buds under the cut of upright branches with vigorous growth may exist in the first 2-3 days after the flower-promoting pruning is started. The invention preferably takes the method that when young shoots germinate about 2cm, the young shoots are trimmed and then broken off about 7-10 days later. The auxiliary buds can be expanded to form flower buds after being broken off, and meanwhile, the formation of the lower flower buds is not influenced. If the young shoots are more than 5cm in length, the axillary buds cannot form flower buds. The operation is used as a supplement of a flower promoting pruning technology to ensure that the flower promoting pruning branches can grow.

After cutting, the technical standards of promoting the foliage fertilizer and the foliage fertilizer spraying and the water and fertilizer management are established, and the differentiation, the formation and the expansion of flower buds are ensured and promoted.

Through experimental research and production verification, the spraying of the foliar fertilizer has a promoting effect on the formation of blueberry flower buds, and is beneficial to the differentiation, formation and expansion of the blueberry flower buds. The invention prefers foliar fertilization, which comprises: before the cutting, 500-800 times of monopotassium phosphate and 4000-5000 times of mineral source potassium fulvate are sprayed and sprayed for 1 time at the beginning of 9 months, and 500 times of monopotassium phosphate and 4500 times of mineral source potassium fulvate are further optimized; after cutting, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is diluted by 500 times or the potassium phosphite is diluted by 1500 times or the potassium phosphite is diluted by 2000 times or the microelement boron fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times or 2000 times or the mineral source potassium fulvate is diluted by 5000 times or the algins are diluted by 1000 times or 2000 times or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is diluted by 500 times or the potassium phosphite is diluted by 1750 times or the microelement boron fertilizer is diluted by 1500 times or the mineral source potassium fulvate is diluted by 5000 times or the algins are 1500 times. The foliar fertilizer application is preferably carried out once 5 to 10 days after the truncation, and is continued for 10 middle-of-month ten days, and more preferably for 7 days and 1 time. The foliar fertilizer can be purchased in the market, and the trace element boron fertilizer is fluid boron or chelated boron.

Moisture management after flower promoting pruning is important. The axillary buds under the cut are easy to germinate due to excessive moisture; the expansion of flower buds is hindered due to too little water, so that the expansion of the flower buds is influenced, and reasonable watering is needed. In the invention, preferably, within 2 weeks after the flower promoting pruning, water is properly controlled to avoid axillary bud germination, the soil moisture state is ensured, once every 5 to 7 days, the water supply amount is controlled, the soil moisture content is 20 to 25 percent (v/v), and the physiological differentiation process of flower buds is promoted; after 3 weeks of flower promoting and pruning, the flower bud expansion period is entered, and particularly, the flower bud is expanded comprehensively in 10 months. At this stage, water supply needs to be increased, flower bud expansion is promoted, the soil moisture content is guaranteed to be 20-35% (v/v), and soil is alternate dry and wet, once in 7 days. And (4) after the young shoots are enlarged, carrying out primary large water application, and enabling the young shoots to enter dormancy in the last 10 th of a greenhouse cultivation period.

At the moment, the flower buds are subjected to morphological differentiation, and the fruiting branches are strong, lignification is good, the flower buds are full, the number of the flower buds is 3-5, and the maximum number of the flower buds is 7. The total amount of new shoots of blueberries entering the high yield period generally reaches 150 plus 200 bearing branches, and the number of the bearing branches can reach 280 at most due to different cultivation modes and production targets, so that the yield per mu can reach the high-quality fruit target of 1 ton on average, the variety difference can reach the yield of 1.5-2 ton at most.

In the present invention: the high-yield tree type refers to a turquoise tree type; the short cut means that a part of new shoots are cut off from the current-year branches, and the short cut is divided into light, medium and heavy short cuts according to the cutting-off process; retracting means to truncate part of the fruiting branches on the fruiting group branches; the weak branch refers to a branch with the length of a young shoot less than 10-15 cm; the near-ground branches refer to branches with the height of less than 30cm from the ground; thinning means cutting off the young shoots from the germination site; the multiple flower buds refer to combined flower buds formed between leaf axillaries under the cut, and are represented as small auxiliary flower buds formed on two sides or one side of the main flower bud. After the secondary flower buds are expanded and the spikes are spread, 4-5 florets are generally formed, and the number of different varieties is different.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A blueberry flower promoting and trimming method comprises the following steps:

(1) at the beginning of 9 months, 500 times of monopotassium phosphate and 4500 times of mineral potassium fulvate are sprayed for 1 time;

(2) thinning branches: removing overlong or crossed branches among plants, and ensuring that the distance between the branches and the heads among the plants is 20-25 cm; secondly, thinning and removing the branches close to the ground and the weak branches in the inner chamber; finally, thinning and removing the over-dense and weak branches on the branch groups, and properly retracting the fruiting branch groups; the new shoots which are capped and have the branch length below 25-30cm are not treated;

(3) short-cut: the length of the branch is more than 30 cm: the mediocre young shoots are overlong or grow branches once, and are cut to 20-25 cm; cutting the uncapped upright strong branch and bare-grown branch to lignification position, the position full of axillary bud or clipping for 20-30 cm; wherein, the short shoots growing on the basic branches are cut short to the semi-lignification position or 15-20 cm; cutting the germinated young shoots to 20-25cm in summer when the young shoots are too long or not capped; the single branch is prolonged and grown for 2-3 times, and is cut short to the position of the branch growing for one time according to the tree shape, and the length is 15-25 cm; main branches, bottom buds germinate upright branches or fruiting mother branches germinate spindly branches, and the branches are cut short to the position of lignification on the plane or the position where the axillary buds are full or 10-15cm less; when the young shoots sprouting after the black tip is less than 5-10cm, the young shoots growing in the next time are reduced;

(4) if the leaf bud germination phenomenon occurs, breaking off the new germinated shoots after 7 days of short cutting;

(5) spraying a flower promoting fertilizer: diluting potassium dihydrogen phosphate by 500 times, adding trace element boron by 1500 times, adding mineral potassium fulvate by 5000 times, once every 7 days, and stopping in 10 middle ten days;

(6) water content management: controlling the water supply amount and the soil water content by 25% (v/v) within two weeks after cutting once in 7 days; after 3 weeks, entering a flower bud expanding period, controlling the soil moisture content to be 35% (v/v), and alternating dry soil and wet soil once in 7 days; and (4) after the young shoots are enlarged, carrying out primary large water application, and enabling greenhouse cultivation to enter dormancy.

Example 2

A blueberry flower promoting and trimming method comprises the following steps:

(1) 650 times of monopotassium phosphate and 5000 times of mineral source potassium fulvate are sprayed for 1 time at the beginning of 9 months;

(2) thinning and cutting off branches, and if the leaf bud germination phenomenon occurs, breaking off the new germinated shoots after cutting off for 8 days;

(3) spraying a flower promoting fertilizer: potassium phosphite is diluted 1500 times, trace element boron is 1000 times, algin is 1000 times, the dilution is carried out once every 10 days, and ten days in the middle of 10 months;

(4) water content management: controlling the water supply amount and controlling the soil water content to be 20% (v/v) within two weeks after cutting once in 5 days; after 3 weeks, entering a flower bud expanding period, controlling the soil moisture content to be 30% (v/v), and alternating dry soil and wet soil once in 7 days; and (4) after the young shoots are enlarged, carrying out primary large water application, and enabling greenhouse cultivation to enter dormancy.

Example 3

A blueberry flower promoting and trimming method comprises the following steps:

(1) spraying 800 times of 1-time monopotassium phosphate and 4000 times of mineral potassium fulvate at the beginning of 9 months;

(2) thinning and cutting off branches, and if the leaf bud germination phenomenon occurs, breaking off the new germinated shoots after cutting off for 10 days;

(3) spraying a flower promoting fertilizer: 800 times of diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 2000 times of diluted potassium phosphite for rotation, 2000 times of trace element boron, 5000 times of mineral potassium fulvate or 2000 times of algin for rotation, once every 5 days, and 10 middle ten days;

(4) water content management: controlling the water supply amount and controlling the soil water content to be 20% (v/v) within two weeks after cutting once in 6 days; after 3 weeks, entering a flower bud expanding period, controlling the soil moisture content to be 20% (v/v), and alternating dry soil and wet soil once in 7 days; and (4) after the young shoots are enlarged, carrying out primary large water application, and enabling greenhouse cultivation to enter dormancy.

Example 4

Regexi (Shandong yellow island cold shed): and (3) flower promoting and pruning for 25 days to 30 days in 9 months, cutting off the young shoots according to the example 1, forming 4-5 full flower buds with the number of flower buds at the end of 10 months, wherein the top flower buds comprise 2-3 multiple flower buds, and the rest are single flower buds. The flower buds of the natural capped branches are full, and the number of the flower buds is 5-8. The whole bearing branches are strong and distributed in a gradient manner, more than 15cm of bearing branches account for more than 95%, and the total number of 6-year-old trees is 160-200.

Example 5

Regen (liaoning greenhouse): flower pruning is promoted from 9 months and 15 days to 20 days, and the young shoots are cut off as in example 1. 4-5 full flower buds are formed at the end of 10 months, wherein 2-3 multiple flower buds are formed at the top flower bud, and the rest are single flower buds. The flower buds of the natural capped branches are full, and the number of the flower buds is 5-8. The tree type is reasonable, the bearing branches are robust and are distributed in a gradient manner, the bearing branches with the length of more than 15cm account for more than 99 percent, and the total number of 6-year-old trees is about 150 plus 180.

Example 6

A Miss ladder: flower pruning is promoted from 9 months and 15 days to 20 days, and the young shoots are cut off as in example 1. 3-5 full flower buds are formed at the end of 10 months, wherein the number of the multiple flower buds is 2. The natural topping branch forms full single flower buds, and the number of the single flower buds is 5-8. The tree type is reasonable, the bearing branches are robust and are distributed in a gradient manner, more than 15cm of the bearing branches account for more than 90%, and the total number of the bearing branches of the trees in the high-yield period is about 180 plus 200.

Example 7

Both grams: flower pruning is promoted from 9 months, 10 days to 15 days, and the young shoots are cut off as in example 1. 4-5 full flower buds are formed at the end of 10 months, wherein the number of the multiple flower buds is 2. The natural topping branch forms full single flower buds, and the number of the single flower buds is 5-8. The tree type is reasonable, the bearing branches are robust and are distributed in a gradient way, and the total number of trees in the high-yield period is about 140-160.

Example 8

L: evergreen cultivars, flower trimming was promoted in 22 months after 9 days, and shoots were cut short as in example 1. 4-5 flower buds are formed at the end of 10 months, wherein 2-3 full flower buds and 2 multiple flower buds are formed. 5-7 single flower buds can be formed by naturally capping long fruit branches, and 2-3 short fruit branches. The 2 year old tree forms 50-70 bearing branches.

Example 9

Yoruika: evergreen cultivars, flower trimming was promoted in 22 months after 9 days, and shoots were cut short as in example 1. 4-6 flower buds are formed at the end of 10 months. 5-9 flower buds can be formed by naturally capping the long fruit branches. The tree shape is reasonable, the bearing branches are distributed in a gradient way, and 120 plus 150 bearing branches are formed in the tree after planting for 3 years.

Comparative example 1

Without pruning, grow naturally

Selecting bare branches, upright young shoots without capping and semi-lignified young shoots, capping excessively or capping young shoots soon, and the like in the middle ten days of 9 months as test objects without trimming, and allowing the test objects to grow. The growth was examined at 10 months and 20 days, and the results were as follows:

(1) influence on flower formation: the vertical spindly branches can be normally black-tipped and can form 2-3 flower buds which are half full of flower buds, the quality is poor, and the flowers bloom late; the young shoots which are not capped and erect or semi-woody shoots can not form flower buds basically; the overlong capped young shoots can form flower buds, 3-7 unequal flower buds can be formed at the tops, branches at the flowering positions are thinner, and the quality of the flower buds is general;

(2) impact on the results: when several types of branches are tested, the branches are long and reach 30-40cm, and the upright bare-cut branches can reach more than 40cm, so that tree types are disordered and crossed, and droop after fruiting is caused, and picking is influenced. Because of the small flower buds and poor quality of the upright and bare-grown branches, the young shoots grow excessively and the growth of fruits is influenced; the fruit branches are too long and the fruits are at the tips or too many, so that the number of new tips at the lower part is small, and the fruits are mainly small. Generally, the test fruit branches have low yield and poor quality, and if the quantity is large, the overall yield and quality are seriously influenced.

Comparative example 2

Pruning for heavy short cut

In 9 middle ten days of the month, some production farmers cut off part of the young shoots by 5-8 cm. The investigation result is as follows: when the pruning is performed with a heavy short section, 2-3 flower buds can be formed, and if the pruning time is too late (25 days in 9 months), the number of the flower buds is 1-2 or none. As axillary buds of the branches under the cut are not fully developed, the formed flower buds are smaller and have general quality. The distribution of the fruit position of the fruit branches is not considered during pruning, so that the fruit branches are promoted to be approximately positioned on one layer after pruning, and the fruit branches are gathered. Due to the short bearing branches, the lower part of the flower bud has less leaf buds and poorer development, or the upper basal branches of bearing mother branches germinate after flowering and bearing, the unit area young tip density of the bearing position is high, especially the young tips of the whole plant close in the later growth period of the fruit, the internal fruit is poor in illumination, the fruit growth is influenced, and the yield and the quality of the fruit are further influenced. The production can be only solved by manual branch thinning operation, and the technical operation difficulty and the labor cost are increased.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A blueberry flower-promoting pruning method is characterized in that corresponding short sections are adopted for different branches after thinning, and the method comprises the following steps of:

cutting the uncapped upright strong branch and bare-grown branch to lignification position, the position full of axillary bud or clipping for 20-30 cm; wherein, the short shoots growing on the basic branches are cut short to the semi-lignification position or 15-20 cm;

cutting the germinated young shoots to 20-25cm after the young shoots are overlong or not capped in summer;

after the single branch is prolonged and grown for 2-3 times, the single branch is cut short to the position of the once grown branch according to the tree shape, and the length is 15-25 cm;

main branches, vertical branches with germinated bottom buds or overgrowing branches with germinated fruit mother branches are cut short to the position of lignification on the plane or the position where the axillary buds are full or 10-15cm away;

when the young shoots sprouting after the black tip is less than 5-10cm, young shoots growing next time are cut off.

2. The flower promoting trimming method for blueberries according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the cut-short is 2.5-3.5 mm.

3. The flower promoting trimming method for blueberries according to claim 1, wherein young shoots which are capped and have branches less than 30cm are not treated.

4. The blueberry flower forcing pruning method of claim 1, wherein the thinning comprises: removing overlong or crossed branches among plants, and ensuring that the distance between the branches and the heads among the plants is 20-25 cm; thinning and removing the branches close to the ground and the weak branches in the inner chamber; thinning and removing over-dense and weak branches on the branch group, and retracting the fruiting branch group.

5. The flower promoting trimming method for blueberries according to claim 1, wherein the cutting time is: adjusting the variety of the northern Chongzhu from the middle of 9 months to the upper of 10 months, and the variety of the southern Chongzhu from the middle of 9 months to the middle of 10 months according to different planting areas.

6. The flower-promoting trimming method for blueberries according to claim 1, wherein when leaf buds germinate after the short-cut, the germinated young shoots are broken off after 7-10 days of the short-cut.

7. The flower promoting trimming method for blueberries according to claim 1, further comprising foliar fertilization comprising: before the cutting, spraying and spraying 800 times of 1-time monopotassium phosphate and 4000 times of mineral source fulvic acid potassium to 5000 times of the first time monopotassium phosphate at the beginning of 9 months; after the short cut, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is diluted by 800 times or the potassium phosphite is diluted by 1500 times and 2000 times, the microelement boron fertilizer is diluted by 2000 times and the mineral source potassium fulvate is 5000 times or the algin is diluted by 1000 times and 2000 times.

8. The flower promoting trimming method for blueberries according to claim 7, wherein the foliar fertilization is carried out once 5-10 days after the truncation and is continued until 10 mid-month.

9. The flower promoting trimming method for blueberries according to claim 1, further comprising moisture management comprising: controlling the soil moisture content to be 20-25% within 2 weeks after cutting; entering a flower bud expanding period, and controlling the soil moisture content to be 20-35%; and (5) completing the flower bud expansion of the young shoots, and performing primary large water application.