CN114945612A - 双组分涂料体系 - Google Patents
双组分涂料体系 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114945612A CN114945612A CN202180008398.1A CN202180008398A CN114945612A CN 114945612 A CN114945612 A CN 114945612A CN 202180008398 A CN202180008398 A CN 202180008398A CN 114945612 A CN114945612 A CN 114945612A
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- C07D203/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing three-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D203/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing three-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种双组分涂料体系,所述双组分涂料体系包含第一组分和第二组分,所述第一组分和所述第二组分中的每一者为彼此分开且不同的,其中所述第一组分包含溶解和/或分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物,并且所述第二组分包含多氮丙啶化合物,所述多氮丙啶化合物具有:a)2至6个以下结构单元(A):其中m是1至8的整数;并且R'和R”都是H;b)一个或多个链接链,其中这些链接链中的每一个链接所述结构单元A中的两个;c)一个或多个连接基团,其中所述连接基团中的每一个连接所述结构单元A中的两个;以及d)在840道尔顿至5000道尔顿范围内的分子量,其中所述分子量是使用MALDI‑TOF质谱法测量的。
Description
本发明涉及双组分涂料体系,所述双组分涂料体系包含第一组分和第二组分,所述第一组分和所述第二组分中的每一者为彼此分开且不同的,其中所述第一组分包含溶解和/或分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物,并且所述第二组分包含多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述第一组分和所述第二组分被分开存储,因为交联剂与待交联的聚合物之间的交联反应可在将交联剂与待交联的聚合物的水性组合物混合之后立即开始。
多年来,对具有改善的抗性(如耐沾污性和耐溶剂性)、改善的机械特性和改善的粘合强度的涂料的需求日益增长。这些特性中的一种或多种可以借助于交联而提高到更高的水平。多年来已经研究出了许多交联机制,对于水性分散体,最有用的交联机制包括羟基官能分散体的异氰酸酯交联、碳二亚胺与羧酸之间的反应、环氧交联以及使用基于氮丙啶的交联剂的交联。
US-A-5133997描述了涂料组合物,所述涂料组合物包含直链脂肪族聚氨酯树脂的水性分散体、阴离子表面活性剂,以及能够促进所述树脂固化的交联剂。三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯),CAS编号64265-57-2,一种多官能氮丙啶交联剂,被用作交联剂,其为众所周知的并且对于使羧酸官能聚合物交联具有很高的活性。然而,该交联剂具有不利的遗传毒性特征。行业上需要改善粘合剂、油墨和涂料以及用于制备粘合剂、油墨和涂料的物质的安全性、健康和环境特征。遗传毒性(genotoxicity)描述了化学或物理试剂的导致任何类型的DNA损伤的特性,所述DNA损伤可能并不总是导致可传递突变。诱变性(mutagenicity)是指诱导永久性可传递DNA变化(作为DNA组成物或染色体结构),所述变化在体细胞分裂中保持并在生殖细胞中传代到子代。遗传毒性不得与诱变性混淆。所有诱变剂均为遗传毒性的,而并非所有遗传毒性物质均为诱变性的。
本发明的目的是提供一种双组分涂料体系,所述双组分涂料体系包含第一组分和第二组分,所述第一组分和所述第二组分中的每一者为彼此分开且不同的,其中所述第一组分包含溶解和/或分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物,并且所述第二组分包含具有至少两个氮丙啶基的化合物,所述化合物与三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯)相比具有降低的遗传毒性并具有良好的交联效率。所述具有至少两个氮丙啶基的化合物在本文中还被称为多氮丙啶化合物。
此目的已经令人惊讶地通过以下方式提供:提供双组分涂料体系,所述双组分涂料体系包含第一组分和第二组分,所述第一组分和所述第二组分中的每一者为彼此分开且不同的,其中
所述第一组分包含溶解和/或分散,优选分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物,并且
所述第二组分包含多氮丙啶化合物,所述多氮丙啶化合物具有:
a)2至6个以下结构单元(A):
其中
m是1至6的整数,并且
R'和R”都是H;
b)一个或多个链接链,其中这些链接链中的每一个链接所述结构单元A中的两个;
c)一个或多个连接基团,其中这些连接基团中的每一个连接所述结构单元A中的两个,并且其中所述连接基团优选地由选自以下的至少一种官能团组成:脂肪族烃官能团、脂环族烃官能团、芳族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、醚官能团、酯官能团、酰胺官能团、碳酸酯官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能团、脲官能团、缩二脲官能团、脲基甲酸酯官能团、脲二酮官能团以及它们的任意组合;以及
d)在840道尔顿至5000道尔顿范围内的分子量。
已经令人惊讶地发现,这些多氮丙啶化合物与三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯)相比具有降低的遗传毒性。根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物显示出仅弱阳性诱导的遗传毒性,或者甚至它们不显示出遗传毒性,即它们显示出与天然存在的背景相当的遗传毒性水平。
遗传毒性可以通过如本文进一步所述的试验(Toxys,Leiden,theNetherlands)进行测量。试验可应用于纯物质或应用于组合物,所述组合物是在本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的制备中获得的直接产物。阳性诱导遗传毒性是指在不存在或存在代谢系统大鼠S9肝提取物的情况下生物标记物Bscl2-GFP和Rtkn-GFP的诱导水平在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性中的至少一者处等于或高于2倍。弱阳性诱导遗传毒性是指在不存在或存在基于大鼠S9肝提取物的代谢系统(aroclor1254诱导的大鼠,Moltox,Boone,NC,USA)的情况下生物标记物Bscl2-GFP和Rtkn-GFP的诱导水平在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性中的至少一者处高于1.5倍并且低于2倍(但是在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性处低于2倍)。与天然存在的背景相当的遗传毒性是指在不存在和存在基于大鼠S9肝提取物的代谢系统(aroclor1254诱导的大鼠,Boone,NC,USA)的情况下生物标记物Bscl2-GFP和Rtkn-GFP的诱导水平在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性处小于或等于1.5倍。在不存在和存在基于大鼠S9肝提取物的代谢系统(aroclor1254诱导的大鼠,Moltox,Boone,NC,USA)情况下,遗传毒性报告基因Bscl2-GFP和Rtkn-GFP的诱导水平优选地在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性处小于或等于1.5倍。在不存在和存在基于大鼠S9肝提取物的代谢系统(aroclor1254诱导的大鼠,Moltox,Boone,NC,USA)情况下显示出的诱导水平在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性处小于或等于1.5倍的物质不是遗传毒性的。
US-A-3523750描述了一种用多氮丙啶化合物修饰蛋白质底物例如羊毛的方法。US-A-5258481描述了多官能水可分散的交联剂,所述多官能水可分散的交联剂是含有碳二亚胺官能团和不同于所述碳二亚胺官能团的反应性官能团的寡聚材料。US-A-5359005描述了单包装涂料组合物,所述单包装涂料组合物包含至少一种分子量为至少约100并带有至少两个氮丙啶部分、至少两个碳二亚胺部分或它们的组合的聚合物和/或寡聚物;以及至少一种带有至少两个共价封闭的羧酸部分的聚合物和/或寡聚物。
对于本文给定的任何范围的所有上边界和/或下边界,除非另外特别指明,否则边界值包括在所述给定的范围内。因此,当说从x至y时,是指包括x和y以及还有所有中间值。
在本说明书中,术语“涂料组合物”涵盖漆、涂料、清漆、粘合剂和油墨组合物,但不限于该列表。术语“脂肪族烃基”是指任选支化的烷基、烯基和炔基。术语“脂环族烃基”是指任选被至少一个脂肪族烃基取代的环烷基和环烯基。术语“芳族烃基”是指任选被至少一个脂肪族烃基取代的苯环。这些任选的脂肪族烃基取代基优选地是烷基。具有7个碳原子的脂环族烃基的示例是环庚基和甲基取代的环己基。具有7个碳原子的芳族烃基的示例是甲基取代的苯基。具有8个碳原子的芳族烃基的示例是二甲苯基和乙基取代的苯基。
交联剂的交联效率可以通过评定如下所述定义和确定的耐化学性来评定。
尽管所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物中的结构单元(A)可以独立地具有不同的m、R'和/或R”,但是存在于所述多氮丙啶化合物中的结构单元(A)优选地彼此相同。
所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物通常以组合物形式获得,在所述组合物中除了多氮丙啶化合物之外,还可能存在剩余的起始材料、副产物和/或在多氮丙啶化合物的制备中使用的溶剂。所述组合物可仅含有一种如本发明中所定义的多氮丙啶化合物,但也可含有多于一种如本发明中所定义的多氮丙啶化合物。例如,当使用多异氰酸酯的混合物作为起始材料时,获得了多氮丙啶化合物的混合物。
所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的氨基甲酸酯氮丙啶化合物含有2至6个结构单元(A),优选2至4个结构单元(A),更优选2或3个结构单元(A)。m为1至6的整数,优选m为1至4,更优选m为1或2,并且最优选m为1。
所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物的分子量为840道尔顿至5000道尔顿。所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物的分子量为优选地至多3800道尔顿,更优选至多3600道尔顿,更优选至多3000道尔顿,更优选至多1600道尔顿,甚至更优选至多1200道尔顿。所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物的分子量为优选地至少890道尔顿,更优选地至少940道尔顿,最优选地至少1000道尔顿。如本文所用,多氮丙啶化合物的分子量是计算的分子量。所述计算的分子量是通过将多氮丙啶化合物的结构式中存在的所有原子的原子质量相加而获得的。如果多氮丙啶化合物存在于包含多于一种根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的组合物中,例如当用于制备多氮丙啶化合物的起始材料中的一种或多种为混合物时,则可以针对所述组合物中单独存在的每种化合物执行分子量计算。所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物的分子量可以如以下实验部分所述使用MALDI-TOF质谱法测量。
所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物包含一个或多个链接链,其中这些链接链中的每一个链接结构单元A中的两个。所述多氮丙啶化合物中存在的链接链优选由4至300个原子,更优选5至250个原子,更优选6至100个原子,最优选6至20个原子组成。链接链的原子优选为C和任选的N、O、S和/或P,优选地C和任选的N和/或O。链接链优选为共价连接的原子的集合,所述原子集合由i)碳原子、ii)碳和氮原子、或iii)碳、氧和氮原子组成。
链接链被定义为链接两个结构单元A的最短连续原子链。下图示出了,根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的示例的两个结构单元A之间的链接链。
所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的结构单元A中的任何两个经由如本文所定义的链接链链接。因此,所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的每个结构单元A经由如本文所定义的链接链与每个其他结构单元A链接。在所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物具有两个结构单元A的情况下,所述多氮丙啶化合物具有链接这两个结构单元的一个此类链接链。在所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物具有三个结构单元A的情况下,所述多氮丙啶化合物具有三个链接链,其中所述三个链接链中的每个链接链将结构单元A与另一个结构单元A链接在一起,即第一结构单元A经由链接链与第二结构单元A链接在一起,并且第一和第二结构单元A均经由它们相应的链接链独立地与第三结构单元A链接在一起。
以下附图示出了,对于具有三个结构单元A的多氮丙啶化合物的示例的三个链接链,其中该三个链接链中的每个链接两个结构单元A。
在双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的具有多于两个结构单元A的多氮丙啶化合物具有根据以下方程式的链接链数量:
LC={(AN-1)×AN)}/2,其中LC=多氮丙啶化合物中的链接链的数量,并且AN=多氮丙啶化合物中的结构单元A的数量。因此,例如如果在多氮丙啶化合物中有5个结构单元A,则AN=5;这意味着有{(5-1)×5}/2=10个链接链。
优选地,在结构单元A中的氨基甲酸酯基团的N原子与下一个N原子(其存在于链接链中或为另一结构单元A的氨基甲酸酯基团的N原子)的之间的连续C原子和任选的O原子的数量为至多9,如在例如以下根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物中所示。
双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物包含一个或多个连接基团,其中这些连接基团中的每一个连接结构单元A中的两个,其中所述连接基团优选由选自由以下项组成的组的至少一个官能团组成:脂肪族烃官能团(优选含有1至8个碳原子)、脂环族烃官能团(优选含有4至10个碳原子)、芳族烃官能团(优选含有6至12个碳原子)、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、醚官能团、酯官能团、酰胺官能团、碳酸酯官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能团、脲官能团、缩二脲官能团、脲基甲酸酯官能团、脲二酮官能团以及它们的任意组合。更优选地,所述连接基团是连续官能团的阵列,其中每个官能团选自由以下项组成的组:脂肪族烃官能团(优选含有1至8个碳原子)、脂环族烃官能团(优选含有4至10个碳原子)、芳族烃官能团(优选含有6至12个碳原子)、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、醚官能团、酯官能团、酰胺官能团、碳酸酯官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能团、脲官能团、缩二脲官能团、脲基甲酸酯官能团、或脲二酮官能团。
下图以粗体示出了用于双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物的以下示例的连接基团。在此示例中,连接两个结构单元A的连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:脂环族烃官能团1(环状C9H16)、脂肪族烃官能团2(CH2)、异氰脲酸酯3(环状C3N3O3)、脂肪族烃官能团4(CH2)和脂环族烃官能团5(环状C9H16)和。
所述双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的结构单元A中的任何两个优选经由如本文所定义的连接基团连接。因此,双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的每个结构单元A优选地使用如在本发明中所定义的连接基团与每个其他结构单元A连接。在根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物具有两个结构单元A的情况下,多氮丙啶化合物具有连接这两个结构单元的一个此类连接基团。在根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物具有三个结构单元A的情况下,该多氮丙啶化合物具有三个此类连接基团,其中该三个连接基团中的每一个将结构单元A与另一个结构单元A连接在一起。
优选地,连接基团由选自由以下项组成的组的至少一个官能团组成:脂肪族烃官能团(优选含有1至8个碳原子)、脂环族烃官能团(优选含有4至10个碳原子)、芳族烃官能团(优选含有6至12个碳原子)、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能团、脲官能团、缩二脲官能团以及它们的任何组合。连接基团优选含有异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、缩二脲官能团、脲基甲酸酯官能团或脲二酮官能团。更优选地,连接基团含有异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团。为了清楚起见,多氮丙啶化合物可以从一种或多种合适的化合物B与杂化异氰脲酸酯(例如HDI/IPDI异氰脲酸酯)的反应产物获得,从而产生具有由以下连续官能团的阵列组成的连接基团的多氮丙啶化合物:直链C6H12(即具有6个碳原子的脂肪族烃官能团)、异氰脲酸酯官能团(环状C3N3O3)和
(即具有9个碳原子的脂环族烃官能团和具有1个碳原子的脂肪族烃官能团)。
术语“脂肪族烃官能团”是指任选支化的烷基、烯基和炔基。尽管C原子的任选支链为连接基团的组成部分,但是它们不是链接链的组成部分。术语“脂环族烃官能团”是指任选被至少一个脂肪族烃基取代的环烷基和环烯基。尽管任选的脂肪族烃基取代基是连接基团的组成部分,但是它们不是链接链的组成部分。任选的脂肪族烃基取代基优选地是烷基。术语“芳族烃官能团”是指任选被至少一个脂肪族烃基取代的苯环。任选的脂肪族烃基取代基优选地是烷基。尽管任选的脂肪族烃基取代基是连接基团的组成部分,但是它们不是链接链的组成部分。
在连接基团上,一个或多个取代基可以作为连接基团上的侧基存在,如在例如以下多氮丙啶化合物中以粗体所示。这些侧基不是连接基团的组成部分。
所述侧基优选地含有其中X、R7、R8、n'和R10如下所述。在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述多氮丙啶化合物包含一个或多个连接基团,其中这些连接基团中的每一个连接结构单元A中的两个,其中所述连接基团由以下组成:(i)至少两个脂肪族烃官能团或至少两个脂环族烃官能团,和(ii)异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团,并且其中侧基存在于连接基团上,其中所述侧基具有以下结构式:
n'是重复单元的数量,并且是1至50,优选地2至30,更优选地5至20的整数。
X是O或NH,优选地X是O,
在每个重复单元中,R7和R8独立地为H或CH3,
R9是优选含有1个至8个碳原子的脂肪族烃基,或优选含有4个至10个碳原子的脂环族烃基,并且
R10含有至多20个碳原子,并且是脂肪族、脂环族或芳族烃基,或它们的组合。在一个优选实施方式中,R7和R8中的一者是H,并且另一个R7或R8是CH3。在另一个更优选的实施方式中,R7和R8是H。R10优选地是含有1个至20个碳原子的脂肪族烃基(优选地CH3)、含有5个至20个碳原子的脂环族烃基,或含有6个至20个碳原子的芳族烃基。侧基的存在导致多氮丙啶化合物的粘度降低并因此更容易与待交联的聚合物混溶。在此实施方式中,多氮丙啶化合物优选地含有2个结构单元A。在此实施方式中,连接基团优选地由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:第一脂环族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、和第二脂环族烃官能团,并且R9是脂环族烃基,其中所述第一脂环族烃官能团和所述第二脂环族烃官能团与R9是相同的,更优选地,所述连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:第一脂肪族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团和第二脂肪族烃官能团,并且R9是脂肪族烃官能团,其中所述第一脂肪族烃官能团和所述第二脂肪族烃官能团与R9是相同的。
在一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物含有相对于多氮丙啶化合物优选以至少0.1重量%,更优选至少6重量%,更优选至少10重量%的量并且优选以小于45重量%,更优选小于25重量%,最优选小于16重量%的量的聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团和/或聚氧丙烯(-O-CHCH3-CH2-)x基团。优选地,多氮丙啶化合物含有相对于多氮丙啶化合物优选以至少0.1重量%,更优选至少6重量%,更优选至少10重量%的量并且优选以小于45重量%,更优选小于45重量%并且最优选小于16重量%的量的聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团。含有聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团的多氮丙啶化合物优选为至少化合物(B)、多异氰酸酯和烷氧基聚(乙二醇)(优选甲氧基聚(乙二醇)(MPEG))和/或聚(乙二醇)的反应产物。反应产物可以通过使至少化合物B、多异氰酸酯和烷氧基聚(乙二醇)和/或聚(乙二醇)反应而获得,所述化合物B具有以下结构式
其中R'和R”如上所定义。反应产物还可以通过使多异氰酸酯与烷氧基聚(乙二醇)和/或聚(乙二醇)反应并使如此获得的化合物与化合物(B)反应而获得。反应产物还可以通过使化合物(B)与多异氰酸酯反应并使如此获得的化合物与烷氧基聚(乙二醇)和/或聚(乙二醇)反应而获得。在如上面所定义的多氮丙啶化合物中数均分子量Mn高于2200道尔顿量,优选Mn高于1600道尔顿的烷氧基聚(乙二醇)(优选甲氧基聚(乙二醇)(MPEG))和/或聚(乙二醇)(PEG)链的量优选小于35重量%,更优选小于15重量%,更优选小于5重量%,并且最优选为0重量%。存在于多氮丙啶化合物中的甲氧基聚(乙二醇)(MPEG)和/或聚(乙二醇)(PEG)链的Mn优选低于1100道尔顿,更优选低于770道尔顿,并且最优选低于570道尔顿。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的连接基团由以下官能团组成:(i)至少一个脂族烃官能团和/或至少一个脂环族烃官能团;(ii)和异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团或脲基甲酸酯官能团或脲二酮官能团;以及(iii)任选的至少一个芳族烃官能团。优选地,双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的连接基团由以下官能团组成:(i)至少一个脂肪族烃官能团和/或至少一个脂环族烃官能团;和(ii)异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团;以及(iii)任选的至少一个芳族烃官能团。获得此类多氮丙啶化合物的非常合适的方式是使具有以下结构式的化合物B与具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯反应:
术语“具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯”是指这样的化合物,在所述化合物中所有异氰酸酯基团直接键合至脂肪族或脂环族烃基团,而与是否还存在芳族烃基团无关。具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯可为具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯的混合物。当与类似但是基于具有芳族反应性的多异氰酸酯的化合物相比时,基于具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯的化合物具有降低的随时间推移黄化的趋势。术语“具有芳族反应性的多异氰酸酯”旨在意指这样的化合物,在所述化合物中所有异氰酸酯基团都直接键合至苯或萘基团,而与是否还存在脂肪族或脂环族基团无关。优选的具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯为1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯PDI、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯H12MDI、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯TMXDI(所有异构体)和更高分子量的变体,如例如它们的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮。更优选的具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯是1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯PDI、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯H12MDI、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯TMXDI的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮。在该实施方式中,优选地,连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:脂肪族烃官能团、芳族烃官能团和脂肪族烃官能团(例如,当使用TMXDI制备多氮丙啶化合物时),或者连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:脂环族烃官能团、脂肪族烃官能团和脂环族烃官能团(例如,当使用H12MDI制备多氮丙啶化合物时),或者更优选地,连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:脂肪族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团和脂肪族烃官能团。最优选地,在该实施方式中,连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:脂肪族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团和脂肪族烃官能团(例如,当使用1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯和/或1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯制备多氮丙啶化合物时)。
双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物优选含有至少5重量%,更优选至少5.5重量%,更优选至少6重量%,更优选至少9重量%,更优选至少12重量%并且优选小于25重量%,优选小于20重量%的氨基甲酸酯键。双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物的氮丙啶当量重量(多氮丙啶化合物的分子量除以多氮丙啶化合物中存在的氮丙啶基的数量)优选为至少200道尔顿,更优选至少230道尔顿并且甚至更优选至少260道尔顿,并且优选至多2500道尔顿,更优选至多1000道尔顿并且甚至更优选至多500道尔顿。
如果需要的话,则可以用胺,优选地0.1重量%至5重量%,更优选0.1重量%至2.5重量%,最优选0.1重量%至1重量%的仲胺或叔胺来稳定化多氮丙啶化合物。优选的胺包括氨、二甲基乙醇胺、二异丙胺、异丙醇胺、二乙基乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基异丙醇胺、3-二甲基氨基-1-丙醇、2-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙氧基]乙醇、N-乙基吗啉和二甲基苄胺三乙胺。或者,可以使用碱性氢氧化物,如例如NaOH、LiOH、KOH以及胺与碱性氢氧化物的组合。
双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物优选地是通过使至少一种多异氰酸酯与具有以下结构式的化合物B反应而获得:
其中R'和R”如上所定义,其中化合物B与多异氰酸酯的摩尔比为2至6,更优选2至4,最优选2至3,并且其中m在上面定义。使多异氰酸酯与化合物B反应可通过以下方式进行:在例如锡催化剂(例如二月桂酸二丁基锡)或铋催化剂(例如新癸酸铋)的存在下,在从0℃至110℃,更合适从20℃至110℃,更合适从40℃至95℃,甚至更合适从60℃至85℃的范围内的温度下使等量的多异氰酸酯与化合物B接触。可以使用溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺DMF、丙酮和/或甲基乙基酮。该多异氰酸酯含有至少2个异氰酸酯基,优选平均至少2.5个异氰酸酯基,更优选平均至少2.8个异氰酸酯基。多异氰酸酯的混合物也可以用作起始材料。优选的多异氰酸酯是具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯。术语“具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯”是指这样的化合物,在所述化合物中所有异氰酸酯基团直接键合至脂肪族或脂环族烃基团,而与是否还存在芳族烃基团无关。具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯可为具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯的混合物。优选的具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯为1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯PDI、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯H12MDI、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、对四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(p-TMXDI)及其间位异构体,以及更高分子量的变体,例如它们的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮或脲基甲酸酯或脲二酮。更优选的具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯是1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯PDI、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯H12MDI、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯TMXDI的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮。甚至更优选的具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯是1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮、1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮、IPDI的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮。合适的含HDI的亚氨基噁二嗪二酮三聚体为可从Covestro获得的N3900。合适的含有HDI的脲基甲酸酯为可从Covestro获得的XP2860。合适的含有HDI的脲二酮为可从Covestro获得的N3400。合适的基于HDI的异氰脲酸酯三聚体例如可以从Covestro(N3600)、Vencorex(TolonateTM HDT LV)、Asahi Kasei(DuranateTM TPA-100)、Evonik(HT 2500/LV)和Tosoh(HXR LV)获得。化合物B优选为1-(2-羟乙基)乙烯亚胺(CAS编号1072-52-2)。
双组分涂料体系的第二组分中存在的多氮丙啶化合物优选以包括至少以下步骤(i)的方法获得:
(i)使化合物B与多异氰酸酯反应。
化合物B与多异氰酸酯的反应(步骤(i))可以例如通过以下方式进行:在例如锡催化剂(例如二月桂酸二丁基锡)的存在下,在大气压下在从20℃至110℃,更合适从40℃至95℃范围内的温度下使等量的多异氰酸酯与所述加合物接触。
根据本发明的优选的多氮丙啶化合物的示例是
本发明的另一个方面是一种双组分涂料体系,所述双组分涂料体系包含第一组分和第二组分,所述第一组分和所述第二组分中的每一者与彼此分开且不同的,其中所述第一组分包含溶解和/或分散,优选地分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物,并且其中所述第二组分是交联剂组合物,所述交联剂组合物包含如本文所定义的至少一种多氮丙啶化合物,并且还包含至少一种附加组分,例如用于制备根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的剩余的起始材料、副产物和/或溶剂。该交联剂组合物可仅包含一种根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物,但是也可以含有多于一种根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物。例如,当使用多异氰酸酯的混合物作为制备多氮丙啶的起始材料时,获得了多氮丙啶化合物的混合物。在已经获得多氮丙啶化合物之后,可以分离所述多氮丙啶化合物,反应产物可以不经进一步纯化就使用,或者可以从在本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的制备中获得的组合物中去除用于制备所述多氮丙啶化合物的溶剂。相对于组合物的总量,交联剂组合物中的多氮丙啶化合物的量通常为至少10重量%,往往通常至少15重量%并且最通常至少25重量%。相对于交联剂组合物的总量,交联剂组合物中存在的如在本发明中定义的多氮丙啶化合物的量为优选至少60重量%,更优选至少80重量%,并且最优选至少99重量%。交联剂组合物中的多氮丙啶化合物的分子量在840道尔顿至5000道尔顿的范围中。优选的分子量如上所述,并且多氮丙啶化合物的分子量是如下文的实验部分中所述使用MALDI-TOF-MS测定的。MALDI-TOF-MS是指基质辅助的激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱。
相对于交联剂组合物的总重量,交联剂组合物中存在的分子量低于250道尔顿,更优选低于350道尔顿,甚至更优选低于450道尔顿,甚至更优选低于550道尔顿并且甚至更优选低于820道尔顿的氮丙啶官能分子的量优选低于1.5重量%,更优选低于1重量%,甚至更优选低于0.5重量%,最优选低于0.1重量%,其中所述分子量是如以下实验部分中所述使用LC-MS测定的。
交联剂组合物中每个含氮丙啶基的分子中的具有结构式(C)的氮丙啶基的平均数量
为优选至少1.8个,更优选至少2个,更优选至少2.2个并且优选小于10个,更优选小于6个并且最优选小于4个。最优选地,交联剂组合物中每个含氮丙啶基的分子中的氮丙啶基的平均数量为2.2至3。相对于交联剂组合物中存在的多氮丙啶化合物的总重量,氨基甲酸酯键的计算平均量为至少5重量%,更优选至少5.5重量%,更优选至少6重量%,更优选至少9重量%,更优选至少12重量%,并且优选小于25重量%,优选小于20重量%。
鉴于如本文所定义的多氮丙啶化合物的潜在水敏感性,交联剂组合物优选不含大量的水,并且更优选不含水。不含大量水是指小于15重量%,优选小于5重量%,更优选小于1重量%并且最优选小于0.1重量%。鉴于如本文所定义的多氮丙啶化合物的潜在水敏感性,水优选不是故意添加到组合物中的(即,在用于制备根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的化合物中可以存在少量的水)。
根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物优选于25℃的布氏粘度为至少10000mPa.s,更优选至少20000mPa.s,更优选至少50000mPa.s,且优选至多1000000mPa.s,更优选至多500000mPa.s,甚至更优选于25℃至多200000mPa.s。如本文所用,布氏粘度是根据ISO2555-89测定的。在一个替代实施方式中,用具有锭子S63的Brookfield于25℃在80%固体在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中测量多氮丙啶的粘度。如根据该方法测量的粘度优选在300mPa.s至20000mPa.s的范围内,更优选在500mPa.s至12000mPa.s的范围内,并且最优选在700mPa.s至3000mPa.s的范围内。
双组分涂料体系的第一组分中存在的羧酸官能聚合物含有羧酸基团和/或羧酸根基团,所述羧酸基团和/或羧酸根基团优选不含阻止这些基团与多氮丙啶化合物中存在的氮丙啶部分发生化学反应的共价键。如本文所用,羧酸官能聚合物中存在的羧酸基团的量是待交联的聚合物中,即羧酸官能聚合物中存在的去质子化和质子化的羧酸基团的总量。因此,羧酸官能聚合物中存在的羧酸基团的量是羧酸官能聚合物中存在的羧酸根基团和羧酸基团的总量。待交联的聚合物优选包含至少部分被碱中和的羧酸根基团。优选地所述碱中的至少部分是挥发性碱。优选地,待交联的羧酸官能聚合物中存在的羧酸基团中的至少一部分经历去质子化以获得羧酸根基团。去质子化是通过用碱中和羧酸官能聚合物来实现的。合适的碱的示例是氨、仲胺、叔胺、LiOH、NaOH和/或KOH。仲胺和叔胺的示例如上所述。优选的碱是叔胺。优选的叔胺如上所述。最优选的是三乙胺。在与第二组分组合之前,第一组分的pH为优选至少7,更优选至少7.5,甚至更优选至少8,甚至更优选至少8.5。
可交联羧酸官能聚合物的非限制性示例为乙烯基聚合物(如苯乙烯-丙烯酸)、(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯(共)聚合物(例如乙酸乙烯酯氯乙烯乙烯聚合物)、聚氨酯、缩聚物(如聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯),以及这些聚合物中的任何一种的杂化物,其中两种聚合物中的至少一种具有羧酸官能团。羧酸官能聚合物优选选自由以下项组成的组:聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、乙烯基聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(丙烯酸酯-共聚-甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚氨酯、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共聚-丙烯酸酯)、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共聚-甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共聚-丙烯酸酯-共聚-甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚脲以及它们的混合物。优选地,乙烯基聚合物意指包含苯乙烯与丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯的反应残基的聚合物。在本发明的一个实施方式中,优选的可交联羧酸官能聚合物选自由以下项组成的组:乙烯基聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(丙烯酸酯-共聚-甲基丙烯酸酯)以及它们的混合物。在另一个实施方式中,羧酸官能聚合物选自由以下项组成的组:聚氨酯、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共聚-丙烯酸酯)、聚(氨基甲数字-共聚-甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共聚-丙烯酸酯-共聚-甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚脲以及它们的混合物。
本发明还涉及一种涂料组合物,所述涂料组合物是通过以下方式获得的:就在施加所述涂料组合物之前混合双组分涂料体系的第一组分和第二组分,其中该涂料组合物包含的吖丙啶基基团Q和羧酸基团的量使得羧酸基团上的吖丙啶基基团Q的化学计量量(SA)为优选0.1至2.0,更优选0.2至1.5,甚至更优选0.25至0.95,最优选0.3至0.8。所述涂料组合物的pH为优选至少7.5,更优选至少8,更优选至少8.5,甚至更优选至少9。
本发明还涉及一种具有涂层的基材,所述涂层是通过以下方式获得的:(i)将如上所述的涂料组合物施加到基材上,以及(ii)通过蒸发挥发物来干燥涂料组合物。涂料组合物的干燥优选在低于160℃的温度下,优选在低于90℃的温度下,更优选在低于50℃的温度下并且最优选在环境温度下进行。根据本发明的涂料组合物可以施加至任何种类的基材,例如木材、皮革、混凝土、纺织品、塑料、乙烯基地板、玻璃、金属、陶瓷、纸张、木塑复合材料、玻璃纤维增强材料。基材上的干涂层的厚度为优选1微米至200微米,更优选5微米至150微米,最优选15微米至90微米。在涂料组合物为油墨组合物的情况下,干油墨的厚度为优选0.005微米至35微米,更优选0.05微米至25微米,最优选4微米至15微米。
本发明的另一方面是一种多氮丙啶化合物,所述多氮丙啶化合物具有:
a)2至6个以下结构单元(A):
其中
m是1至6的整数,优选地m是1;并且
R'和R”都是H,
b)一个或多个连接基团,其中这些连接基团中的每一个连接结构单元A中的两个,并且其中所述连接基团由以下组成:(i)至少两个脂肪族烃官能团或至少两个脂环族烃官能团,和(ii)异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团,并且其中侧基存在于连接基团上,其中所述侧基具有以下结构式:
n'是重复单元的数量,并且是1至50,优选地2至30,更优选地5至20的整数。
X是O或NH,优选地X是O,
在每个重复单元中,R7和R8独立地为H或CH3,
R9是优选含有1个至8个碳原子的脂肪族烃基,或优选含有4个至10个碳原子的脂环族烃基,并且
R10含有至多20个碳原子,并且是脂肪族、脂环族或芳族烃基,或它们的组合,以及
c)在840道尔顿至5000道尔顿范围内的分子量。
侧基的存在导致多氮丙啶化合物的粘度降低并因此更容易与待交联的聚合物混溶。在一个优选实施方式中,R7和R8中的一者是H,并且另一个R7或R8是CH3。在另一个更优选的实施方式中,R7和R8是H。R10优选地是含有1个至20个碳原子的脂肪族烃基(优选地CH3)、含有5个至20个碳原子的脂环族烃基,或含有6个至20个碳原子的芳族烃基。所述多氮丙啶化合物优选地含有2个结构单元,并且所述连接基团优选地由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:第一脂环族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、和第二脂环族烃官能团,并且R9是脂环族烃基,其中所述第一脂环族烃官能团和所述第二脂环族烃官能团与R9是相同的,更优选地,所述连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:第一脂肪族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团和第二脂肪族烃官能团,并且R9是脂肪族烃官能团,其中所述第一脂肪族烃官能团和所述第二脂肪族烃官能团与R9是相同的。优选地,所述多氮丙啶化合物含有相对于多氮丙啶化合物优选以至少0.1重量%,更优选至少6重量%,更优选至少10重量%的量并且优选以小于45重量%,更优选小于25重量%,最优选小于16重量%的量的聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团和/或聚氧丙烯(-O-CHCH3-CH2-)x基团。优选地,多氮丙啶化合物含有相对于多氮丙啶化合物优选以至少0.1重量%,更优选至少6重量%,更优选至少10重量%的量并且优选以小于45重量%,更优选小于45重量%并且最优选小于16重量%的量的聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团。含有聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团的多氮丙啶化合物优选为至少化合物(B)、多异氰酸酯和烷氧基聚(乙二醇)(优选甲氧基聚(乙二醇)(MPEG))和/或聚(乙二醇)的反应产物。反应产物可以通过使至少化合物B、多异氰酸酯和烷氧基聚(乙二醇)和/或聚(乙二醇)反应而获得,所述化合物B具有以下结构式
其中R'和R”如上所定义。反应产物还可以通过使多异氰酸酯与烷氧基聚(乙二醇)和/或聚(乙二醇)反应并使如此获得的化合物与化合物(B)反应而获得。反应产物还可以通过使化合物(B)与多异氰酸酯反应并使如此获得的化合物与烷氧基聚(乙二醇)和/或聚(乙二醇)反应而获得。在如上面所定义的多氮丙啶化合物中平均分子量高于2200道尔顿量,优选平均分子量高于1600道尔顿的烷氧基聚(乙二醇)(优选甲氧基聚(乙二醇)(MPEG))和/或聚(乙二醇)(PEG)链的量优选小于35重量%,更优选小于15重量%,更优选小于5重量%,并且最优选为0重量%。多氮丙啶化合物中存在的甲氧基聚(乙二醇)(MPEG)和/或聚(乙二醇)(PEG)链的平均分子量优选低于1100道尔顿,更优选低于770道尔顿,并且最优选低于570道尔顿。所述平均分子量是通过将多元醇的OH官能度乘以多元醇的当量重量来确定的。多元醇的OH官能度由多元醇的供应商给出。在多元醇是二醇的情况下,OH官能度是2。多元醇的当量重量是通过用56100除以多元醇的OH值来计算的。多元醇的OH值是通过根据ISO 14900(2017)滴定已知质量的多元醇来测量的,并表示为mg KOH/g多元醇。
现在通过参考以下实施例来说明本发明。除非另外指明,否则所有份数、百分比和比率均以重量为基础。
AV测定
基于ASTM D1639-90(1996)e1标准测定样本的基于固体物质的酸值(acid value,AV)。在该工序中,用已知浓度的氢氧化钾醇溶液(KOH)滴定溶解在良好溶剂中的样本。根据下式,样本与空白之间的滴定体积差异是基于固体的酸值的量度:AV=[(V空白-V样本)*NKOH*56.1]/(W*S/100),其中AV是以mg KOH/g固体材料计的基于固体的酸值,V空白是在空白中使用的KOH溶液的体积,V样本是在样品中使用的KOH溶液的体积,NKOH是KOH溶液的当量浓度,W是以克计的样本重量,S是以%计的样本的固体含量。在Metrohm 702SM Titrino滴定仪上使用电位终点一式两份地执行测量(如果一式两份重复之间的差异<0.1mg KOH/g固体物质,则接受测量结果)。
耐化学性
基于DIN 68861-1:2011-01标准的耐化学性测试。
除非另有说明,否则耐化学性测试如下:
与羧酸官能团相比,涂料组合物由0.9化学计量量(SA)的总羧酸反应性官能团(例如氮丙啶)组成。涂料组合物如实施例中所述进行处理,然后使用线棒涂布器以100μm湿层厚度进行浇铸。在浇铸后,将膜于25℃干燥1小时,然后于50℃退火16小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉浸泡在1:1的乙醇:脱矿质水(按重量计)中,并放置在膜上60分钟(除非另有说明)。在去除脱脂棉并过夜恢复后,根据以下等级对斑点进行评分:
1 完全的涂层降解
2 对涂层的结构损坏
3 涂层上的严重标记,从多个方向可见
4 涂层上的轻微标记,从特定角度可见
5 没有观察到标记或光泽度变化
粘度测量:
根据ISO 2555:2018测定表观粘度。于23℃在Brookfield DVE-LV粘度计(单圆筒几何形状)上以60rpm执行测量。从S62、S63或S64中选择锭子,使用产生在10%与100%之间的扭矩读数的最小编号锭子(即最大锭子)。
通过LC-MS分析低分子量级分
LC系统:Agilent 1290Infinity II;探测器编号1:Agilent 1290 Infinity IIPDA;探测器编号2:Agilent iFunnel 6550 Q-TOF-MS。
使用以下工序执行低分子量级分的LC-MS分析。重量分析地制备材料的约100mg/kg的甲醇溶液,并进行搅拌。将0.5μl的该溶液注入配备有ESI-TOF-MS检测的UPLC中。所使用的柱是在40℃下操作的100×2.1mm,1.8um,Waters HSS T3 C18。流率为0.5ml.min-1。所使用的溶剂为用NH3设置至pH 9.0的10mM NH4CH3COO水溶液(洗脱液A)、乙腈(B)和THF(C)。在10分钟内施加从80/20A/B至1/99A/B和在5分钟内施加从1/99A/B至1/49/50A/B/C的两个二元梯度,在此之后施加起始条件(80/20A/B)。假设所有组分在所有响应范围内均具有直链MS响应,并且所有组分的电离效率相等,则对总离子电流信号进行积分。在共洗脱的情况下,对该特定物种的提取离子色谱图进行积分。将特定低分子量峰的积分信号除以总的积分样本信号,产生该低分子量物质的分数。
MALDI-ToF-MS
所有MALDI-ToF-MS光谱均使用Bruker Ultraflextreme MALDI-ToF质谱仪获取。该仪器配备有在1064nm发射的Nd:YAG激光器和碰撞室(不用于这些样品)。使用反射器,使用提供准确质量的最高分辨率模式(范围为60-7000m/z)以正离子模式获取光谱。使用三碘化铯(范围为0.3-3.5kDa)进行质量校准(校准方法:IAV分子表征,代码MC-MS-05)。激光能量为20%。将样品以约50mg/mL溶于THF中。所使用的基质为:DCTB(反式2-[3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-2-甲基-2-亚丙烯基]丙二腈),CAS编号300364-84-5。通过将20mg溶于1mL THF中来制备基质溶液。
将碘化钠用作盐(NaI,CAS编号7681-82-5);将10mg溶于1ml THF中,并添加一滴MeOH。样品:基质:盐的比率=10:200:10(μl),在混合后,将0.5μL点样到MALDI板上并风干。在MALDI光谱中测量的峰是多氮丙啶化合物的钠加合物,并且在本说明书的上下文中,多氮丙啶化合物的分子量(MW)对应于MW=观测的[M+M阳离子]–M阳离子,其中观测到的[M+M阳离子]是MALDI-TOF MS峰,并且M阳离子是用于制备加合物的阳离子的精确质量(在此情况下,钠的M阳离子=23.0Da)。多氮丙啶化合物可通过使用0.6Da的最大偏差,将MW与理论结构的精确分子质量(即其组成原子的非同位素平均原子质量之和)进行比较来鉴定。
水性聚氨酯的P1的合成
向一个1升烧瓶(配备有温度计和顶置式搅拌器)中装入29.9克二羟甲基丙酸、282.1克计算平均分子量(M)为2000Da并且OH值为56±2mg KOH/g聚丙二醇)的聚丙二醇、166.5克计算平均分子量(M)为1000Da并且OH值为112±2mg KOH/g聚丙二醇的聚丙二醇、和262.8克异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(所述多元醇中的每种的平均分子量是根据以下方程式从其OH值计算的:M=2*56100/[以mg KOH/g聚丙二醇计的OH值)。将反应混合物置于N2气氛下,加热至50℃,随后向该反应混合物中加入0.07g二月桂酸二丁基锡。观察到了放热反应;然而,为了使反应温度不超过97℃,需要采取适当的措施。将反应于95℃维持一小时。如根据ISO 14896方法A(2009年)测定的,所得聚氨酯P1'以固体计的NCO含量为7.00%(理论上为7.44%),并且聚氨酯P1'的酸值为16.1±1mg KOH/g聚氨酯P1'。将聚氨酯P1'冷却至60℃,并加入18.7克三乙胺,并将所得混合物搅拌30分钟。随后,如下制备聚氨酯P1'的水分散体(聚氨酯P1'的水分散体被进一步称为P1):将如此制备的聚氨酯P1'与三乙胺的混合物在室温下在60分钟的时段内进料到1100克的脱矿质水、19.5克的壬基酚乙氧基化物(9个乙氧基化物基团)和4.0克三乙胺的混合物中。在进料完成后,将混合物搅拌附加5分钟,随后向该混合物中加入111.2克肼(16重量%的水溶液)。将如此制备的聚氨酯P1'的水性分散体搅拌附加1h,获得了P1。
制备实施例2:水性丙烯酸聚合物A1的合成
在配备有温度计和顶置式搅拌器的2L四颈烧瓶中装入十二烷基硫酸钠(水溶液中30%的固体,18.6克的溶液)和脱矿质水(711克)。将反应器相置于N2气氛下并加热至82℃。将脱矿质水(112克)、十二烷基硫酸钠(水中30%的固体,37.2克的溶液)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(209.3克)、丙烯酸正丁酯(453.56克)和甲基丙烯酸(34.88克)的混合物放入大进料漏斗中,并用顶置式搅拌器进行乳化(单体进料)。将过硫酸铵(1.75克)溶解在脱矿质水(89.61克)中,并放入小进料漏斗中(引发剂进料)。将过硫酸铵(1.75克)溶解在脱矿质水(10.5克)中,并将该溶液添加到反应器相中。之后立即将5体积%的单体进料添加至反应器相中。然后使反应混合物放热至85℃,并在85℃保持5分钟。然后,在90分钟内将残留的单体进料和引发剂进料进料到反应混合物中,保持在85℃的温度下。在进料完成后,将单体进料漏斗用脱矿质水(18.9克)冲洗,并将反应温度保持在85℃下45分钟。随后,将混合物冷却至室温,并用氨溶液(在脱矿质水中6.25重量%)调至pH=7.2,并用另外的脱矿质水调至40%固体。
遗传毒性测试
通过试验(Toxys,Leiden,the Netherlands)评估实施例和对比例的遗传毒性。ToxTracker试验是一组若干经验证的基于绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的小鼠胚胎干(mES)报道基因细胞系,所述报道基因细胞系可用于在单次测试中鉴定新开发的化合物的生物活性和潜在的致癌特性。该方法使用两步法。
在第一步骤中,使用野生型mES细胞(品系B4418)执行剂量范围发现。测试每种化合物的20种不同浓度,以DMSO中的10mM作为最高浓度开始,以及19个连续2倍稀释。
接下来,使用用于检测DNA损伤的与报道基因连锁的特定基因来评估实施例和对比例的遗传毒性;所述特定基因即Bscl2(如由US9695481B2和EP2616484B1阐明的)和Rtkn(Hendriks等人,Toxicol.Sci.2015,150,190-203)生物标记物。在不存在和存在基于大鼠S9肝提取物的代谢系统(aroclor1254诱导的大鼠,Moltox,Boone,NC,USA)的情况下,在10%、25%和50%的细胞毒性下评估遗传毒性。将独立的细胞系接种到96孔细胞培养板中,在细胞接种到96孔板中后24小时将含有稀释的测试物质的新鲜ES细胞培养基添加到细胞中。对于每种测试的化合物,以2倍稀释度测试五种浓度。最高样品浓度将诱导明显的细胞毒性(50-70%)。在无或低细胞毒性的情况下,将10mM或最大可溶混合物浓度用作最大测试浓度。通过在暴露24小时后使用Guava easyCyte 10HT流式细胞仪(Millipore)进行细胞计数来测定细胞毒性。
总是将GFP报告基因诱导与媒介物对照处理进行比较。对于特定化合物,所有孔中的DMSO浓度均相似并且从未超过1%。在至少三个完全独立的重复实验中测试所有化合物。所有实验均包括使用顺铂的阳性对照处理(DNA损伤)。通过添加S9肝提取物评估代谢性。在S9和所需的辅因子(RegenSysA+B,Moltox,Boone,NC,USA)存在下,将细胞暴露于五种浓度的测试化合物3小时。在洗涤后,将细胞在新鲜的ES细胞培养基中孵育24小时。在暴露24小时后,使用Guava easyCyte 10HT流式细胞仪(Millipore)测定GFP报告基因的诱导。仅确定完整单个细胞中的GFP表达。测量每个孔中的平均GFP荧光和细胞浓度,将所述平均GFP荧光和细胞浓度用于细胞毒性评定。使用ToxPlot软件(Toxys,Leiden,the Netherlands)分析数据。所报道的诱导水平处于在S9大鼠肝提取物存在下暴露3小时并恢复24小时后或替代地在不存在S9大鼠肝提取物的情况下暴露24小时后诱导10%、25%和50%的细胞毒性的化合物浓度下。
生物标记物的阳性诱导水平被定义为在不存在或存在代谢系统大鼠S9肝提取物的情况下在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性中的至少一者处等于或高于2倍诱导;弱阳性诱导被定义为在不存在或存在代谢系统大鼠S9肝提取物的情况下在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性中的至少一者处高于1.5倍和低于2倍诱导(但在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性处低于2倍),并且阴性诱导被定义为在不存在或存在基于大鼠S9肝提取物的代谢系统的情况下在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性处低于或等于1.5倍诱导。
所使用的组分和缩写:
二甲基甲酰胺(CAS编号68-12-2)获自cros Organics(Thermo FisherScientific的子公司)。
二(丙二醇)二甲醚(Proglyde DMM,CAS编号111109-77-4)获自Dow Inc
三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯),CAS编号64265-57-2,CX-100获自DSM。
季戊四醇三(3-(1-氮丙啶基)丙酸酯),CAS编号57116-45-7获自ABCR。
数均分子量为1000Da的聚乙二醇单甲醚(CAS编号9004-74-4)获自TokyoChemical Industry Co.,Ltd。
1-甲基-2-丙醇乙酸酯(丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯,CAS编号108-65-6)获自ShellChemicals。
1-(2-羟乙基)乙烯亚胺)(CAS编号1072-52-2)获自Tokyo Chemical IndustryCo.,Ltd。
新癸酸铋(CAS编号34364-26-6)获自TIB chemicals AG(Mannheim,Germany)。
肼(16%水溶液,CAS编号302-01-2)获自Honeywell。
二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA,CAS编号4767-03-7)获自Perstop Polyols。
三乙胺(TEA,CAS编号121-44-8)获自Arkema
1-丙醇(CAS编号71-23-8)获自Sigma-Aldrich。
2-乙基己酸锡(CAS编号301-10-0)获自Sigma-Aldrich。
二月桂酸二丁基锡(CAS编号77-58-7)获自Sigma-Aldrich。
数均分子量为1000Da和数均分子量为2000Da的聚丙二醇获自BASF。
3-甲基-1-苯基-2-磷杂环戊烯-1-氧化物(CAS编号707-61-9)获自Sigma-Aldrich。
1-丁醇(CAS编号71-36-3)获自Sigma-Aldrich。
十二烷基硫酸钠(30%水溶液,CAS编号73296-89-6)获自BASF。
甲基丙烯酸甲酯(CAS编号80-62-6)获自Lucite Int。
丙烯酸正丁酯(CAS编号141-32-2)获自Dow Chemical。
甲基丙烯酸(CAS编号79-41-4)获自Lucite Int。
过硫酸铵(CAS编号7727-54-0)获自United Initiators。
氨(25%水溶液,CAS编号1336-21-6)获自Merck。
比较例1
比较例1是三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯),CAS编号64265-57-2,获自DSM。化学结构如下所示。
作为参考,基于来自DIN 68861-1:2011-01标准的工序,使用涂层表面上的斑点测试来评定三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯)作为交联剂的性能。对于这些测试,将0.23份化合物与0.60份ProglydeTM DMM(二丙二醇二甲醚,异构体的混合物)混合,并在80℃下在定期搅拌下孵育10分钟。随后,在连续搅拌下将0.56份所得溶液添加至20份P1中,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。然后,将该涂料组合物过滤,并使用100μm线材涂布器施加到Leneta测试卡上(测试C1-1)。将膜在25℃下干燥16小时,然后在50℃下退火1小时,并在25℃下进一步干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉(cotton wool)浸入1:1EtOH:脱矿质水中,并在膜上放置各种时间间隔。在去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得了以下结果(评分1指示膜完全降解,5指示没有可见的损伤):
乙醇斑点测试
遗传毒性测试
遗传毒性测试结果表明,比较例1的交联剂是遗传毒性的。
实施例1
将3.83克的1-(2-羟乙基)乙烯亚胺)(CAS编号1072-52-2,获自Tokyo ChemicalIndustry)、12.21克的平均Mn为1000Da的聚(乙二醇)单甲醚和126克二甲基甲酰胺装入配备有温度计的反应烧瓶中。将混合物在氮气氛下用机械上部搅拌器搅拌并加热至50℃,在此之后将0.12克新癸酸铋加入烧瓶中,并将15.00克T 1890/100在63克二甲基甲酰胺中的混合物在30分钟内进料到反应烧瓶中。在此之后,将混合物进一步加热至80℃。以规律间隔取样,并使用Bruker Alpha FT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1处观察不到NCO拉伸变化为止。随后,将0.36克的1-丁醇添加至混合物中,随后进一步反应以使上述NCO拉伸峰完全消失。真空去除溶剂,以获得不透明蜡状固体。理论主组分的计算分子量为927.62Da(三个氮丙啶)、1797.12(两个氮丙啶,21个EG重复单元)和1841.15Da(两个氮丙啶,22个EG重复单元),化学结构如下所示。
通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认分子量:计算的[M+Na+]=950.62Da;观测到的[M+Na+]=950.52Da。
通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认分子量:计算的[M+Na+]=1820.12Da;观测到的[M+Na+]=1820.15Da。
通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认分子量:计算的[M+Na+]=1864.15Da;观测到的[M+Na+]=1864.20Da。
通过LC-MS检测并定量探测低于820Da的以下组分:
以0.04重量%存在于组合物中
基于来自DIN 68861-1:2011-01标准的工序使用涂层表面上的斑点测试来评定合成的化合物作为交联剂的性能。对于这些测试,将0.75份组合物与0.75份1-甲氧基-2-丙基乙酸酯混合,并在定期搅拌下在80℃下孵育10分钟。随后,在连续搅拌下将1.5份所得溶液添加至10份P1中,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。然后,将该涂料组合物过滤,并使用100μm线材涂布器施加到Leneta测试卡上(测试1-1)。作为参考,还从缺乏交联剂的相同组合物流延成膜(测试1-2)。将膜在25℃下干燥16小时,然后在50℃下退火1小时,并在25℃下进一步干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉(cotton wool)浸入1:1EtOH:脱矿质水中,并在膜上放置各种时间间隔。在去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得了以下结果(评分1指示膜完全降解,5指示没有可见的损伤):
乙醇斑点测试
对于进一步的性能测试,将1.0份组合物与1.0份1-甲氧基-2-丙基乙酸酯混合,并在定期搅拌下在80℃下孵育10分钟。随后,在连续搅拌下将1.5份所得溶液添加至10.5份A1中,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。然后,将该涂料组合物过滤,并使用100μm线材涂布器施加到Leneta测试卡上(测试1-3)。作为参考,还从缺乏交联剂的相同组合物流延成膜(空白1-4)。将膜在25℃下干燥16小时,然后在50℃下退火1小时,并在25℃下进一步干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉(cotton wool)浸入1:1EtOH:脱矿质水中,并在膜上放置各种时间间隔。在去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得了以下结果(评分1指示膜完全降解,5指示没有可见的损伤):
遗传毒性测试
遗传毒性测试结果表明实施例1的交联剂组合物是无遗传毒性的。
比较例2
将15.0克Desmodur N 3600和75克二甲基甲酰胺装入配备有温度计的反应烧瓶中。将混合物在氮气氛下用机械上部搅拌器搅拌。然后将混合物加热至50℃,在此之后添加6.80克1-(2-羟乙基)亚乙基亚胺。在15分钟后,将0.03克新癸酸铋装入反应烧瓶中,然后将其进一步加热至60℃。以规律间隔取样,并使用Bruker Alpha FT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1处观察不到NCO拉伸为止。真空去除溶剂,以获得澄清的略带黄色的高粘度液体。理论主组分的计算分子量为765.47Da,化学结构如下所示。
通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认分子量:计算的[M+K+]=804.43Da;观测的[M+K+]=804.27Da。
遗传毒性测试
遗传毒性测试结果表明,比较例2的反应产物是有遗传毒性的。
实施例2
将3.83克的1-(2-羟乙基)乙烯亚胺)(Cas编号1072-52-2,获自Tokyo ChemicalIndustry)、12.27克的XTJ-436(Cas编号118270-87-4,获自Huntsman)和126克二甲基甲酰胺装入配备有温度计的反应烧瓶中。将混合物在氮气氛下用机械上部搅拌器搅拌并加热至50℃,在此之后将0.10克新癸酸铋加入烧瓶中,并将15.00克T1890/100在95克二甲基甲酰胺中的混合物在30分钟内进料到反应烧瓶中。在此之后,将混合物进一步加热至80℃。以规律间隔取样,并使用Bruker Alpha FT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1处观察不到NCO拉伸变化为止。随后,将0.36克的1-丁醇添加至混合物中,随后进一步反应以使上述NCO拉伸峰完全消失。真空去除溶剂,以获得不透明蜡状固体。理论主组分的计算分子量为927.62Da(三个氮丙啶)、1814.29Da(两个氮丙啶,13个PO重复单元)和1827.33Da(两个氮丙啶,14个PO重复单元),化学结构如下所示。
通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认分子量:计算的[M+Na+]=950.62Da;观测到的[M+Na+]=950.52Da。
通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认分子量:计算的[M+Na+]=1837.28Da;观测到的[M+Na+]=1837.15Da。
通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认分子量:计算的[M+Na+]=1895.32Da;观测到的[M+Na+]=1895.15Da。
通过LC-MS检测并定量检测低于820Da的以下组分:
以0.10重量%存在于组合物中。
基于来自DIN 68861-1:2011-01标准的工序使用涂层表面上的斑点测试来评定合成的化合物作为交联剂的性能。对于这些测试,将1.03份组合物与0.26份二甲基甲酰胺混合,并在常规搅动下于80℃孵育10分钟。随后,在连续搅拌下将1.29份所得溶液添加至15份P1中,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。然后,将该涂料组合物过滤,并使用100μm线材涂布器施加到Leneta测试卡上(测试2-1)。作为参考,还从缺乏交联剂的相同组合物流延成膜(测试2-2)。将膜在25℃下干燥16小时,然后在50℃下退火1小时,并在25℃下进一步干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉(cotton wool)浸入1:1EtOH:脱矿质水中,并在膜上放置各种时间间隔。在去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得了以下结果(评分1指示膜完全降解,5指示没有可见的损伤):
乙醇斑点测试
对于进一步的性能测试,将1.45份组合物与0.39份二甲基甲酰胺混合,并在常规搅动下于80℃孵育10分钟。随后,在连续搅拌下将1.84份所得溶液添加至10.5份A1中,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。然后,将该涂料组合物过滤,并使用100μm线材涂布器施加到Leneta测试卡上(测试2-3)。作为参考,还从缺乏交联剂的相同组合物流延成膜(空白2-4)。将膜在25℃下干燥16小时,然后在50℃下退火1小时,并在25℃下进一步干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉(cotton wool)浸入1:1EtOH:脱矿质水中,并在膜上放置各种时间间隔。在去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得了以下结果(评分1指示膜完全降解,5指示没有可见的损伤):
遗传毒性测试
遗传毒性测试结果表明,实施例2的交联剂组合物仅具有弱阳性诱导的遗传毒性。
比较例3
比较例3是季戊四醇三(3-(1-氮丙啶基)丙酸酯),CAS编号57116-45-7,获自ABCR。化学结构如下所示。
遗传毒性测试
遗传毒性测试结果表明,比较例3的交联剂是遗传毒性的。
比较例4(实施例5US-A-5258481)
在氮气气氛下,于20-25℃,在搅拌的同时,在6小时的时段内将21.3g(0.354摩尔)的1-丙醇加入到78.7g的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和0.01g的2-乙基己酸锡中。在静置过夜后,加入196.3g(0.883摩尔)的IPDI、74.1g(0.0628摩尔)的Tegomer D3403和2.4g的3-甲基-1-苯基-2-磷杂环戊烯-1-氧化物。在搅拌的同时将混合物加热至150℃。将混合物维持在150℃,直到NCO含量为7.0重量%。将混合物冷却至80℃,并加入333g乙酸甲氧基丙酯。获得了固体含量为50.6重量%并且以固体计的NCO含量为7.0重量%的异氰酸酯官能聚碳二亚胺的溶液。
向100g的这种异氰酸酯官能聚碳二亚胺中加入7.0g的1-(2-羟乙基)乙烯亚胺(0.08摩尔)。加入一滴二月桂酸二丁基锡。在搅拌的同时将混合物加热至80℃。将混合物于80℃保持1小时。FTIR显示少量残留的异氰酸酯信号,该信号在几天后消失。用8.0g乙酸甲氧基丙酯进一步稀释该溶液,得到固体含量为50.4重量%的黄色溶液。这种氮丙啶官能碳二亚胺每克固体含有3.2meq的酸反应性基团(即氮丙啶和碳二亚胺官能度)。这种碳二亚胺的通化结构描绘如下。
其中a、b和c表示重复单元。
MALDI-TOF-MS证实了这种通化结构,示例如下所示:
通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认分子量:计算的[M+Na+]=2043.34Da;观测到的[M+Na+]=2043.32Da。
遗传毒性测试结果:
遗传毒性测试结果表明,比较例4的交联剂是遗传毒性的。
Claims (21)
1.一种双组分涂料体系,所述双组分涂料体系包含第一组分和第二组分,所述第一组分和所述第二组分中的每一者为彼此分开且不同的,其中
所述第一组分包含溶解和/或分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物,其中所述羧酸官能聚合物包含羧酸基团和/或羧酸根基团,并且
所述第二组分包含多氮丙啶化合物,所述多氮丙啶化合物具有:
a)2至6个以下结构单元(A):
其中
m是1至6的整数,并且
R'和R”都是H;
b)一个或多个链接链,其中这些链接链中的每一个链接所述结构单元A中的两个,其中链接链是链接两个结构单元A的最短连续原子链;
c)一个或多个连接基团,其中所述连接基团中的每一个连接所述结构单元A中的两个,并且其中所述连接基团由选自以下的至少一种官能团组成:脂肪族烃官能团、脂环族烃官能团、芳族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、醚官能团、酯官能团、酰胺官能团、碳酸酯官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能团、脲官能团、缩二脲官能团、脲基甲酸酯官能团、脲二酮官能团以及它们的任意组合;以及
d)在840道尔顿至5000道尔顿范围内的分子量,其中所述分子量是如说明书中所述使用MALDI-TOF质谱法测定的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双组分涂料体系,其中m是1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的双组分涂料体系,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物含有2个或3个结构单元(A)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双组分涂料体系,其中所述链接链由4个至300个原子,更优选地5个至250个原子,最优选6个至100个原子组成,并且所述链接链是共价连接的原子的集合,所述原子集合由i)碳原子、ii)碳和氮原子、或iii)碳、氧和氮原子组成。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双组分涂料体系,其中在结构单元A中的氨基甲酸酯基团的N原子与下一个N原子之间的连续C原子和任选的O原子的数量是至多9,所述下一个N原子要么存在于所述链接链中要么是另一结构单元A的氨基甲酸酯基团的N原子。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双组分涂料体系,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物的分子量为840道尔顿至3800道尔顿。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双组分涂料体系,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物的所述连接基团由选自以下的至少一个官能团组成:
脂肪族烃官能团、脂环族烃官能团、芳族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能度、脲官能度、缩二脲官能团以及它们的任意组合。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的双组分涂料体系,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物包含一个或多个连接基团,其中这些连接基团中的每一个连接所述结构单元A中的两个,其中所述连接基团由(i)至少两个脂肪族烃官能团或至少两个脂环族烃官能团和(ii)异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团组成,并且其中侧基存在于连接基团上,其中所述侧基具有以下结构式:
n'是重复单元的数量,并且是1至50,优选地2至30,更优选地5至20的整数。
X是O或NH,
在每个重复单元中,R7和R8独立地为H或CH3,
R9是优选含有1个至8个碳原子的脂肪族烃基,或优选含有4个至10个碳原子的脂环族烃基,并且
R10含有至多20个碳原子,并且是脂肪族、脂环族或芳族烃基,或它们的组合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的双组分涂料体系,其中X是O,并且R7和R8是H。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的双组分涂料体系,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物含有2个结构单元(A)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的双组分涂料体系,其中所述连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:第一脂肪族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团和第二脂肪族烃官能团,并且R9是脂肪族烃基团,其中所述第一脂肪族烃官能团和所述第二脂肪族烃官能团与R9是相同的。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双组分涂料体系,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物含有相对于所述多氮丙啶化合物量为至少0.1重量%,优选地至少6重量%,更优选地至少10重量%并且量为小于45重量%,更优选地小于25重量%,最优选地小于16重量%的聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团。
14.根据权利要求13所述的双组分涂料体系,其中所述多异氰酸酯是具有脂肪族反应性的多异氰酸酯,其中所有异氰酸酯基团直接键合至脂肪族或脂环族烃基,而与是否还存在芳族烃基团无关。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双组分涂料体系,其中所述第二组分是交联剂组合物,所述交联剂组合物包含至少一种如在前述权利要求中的任一项中所定义的多氮丙啶化合物,并且还包含至少一种附加组分。
16.根据权利要求15所述的双组分涂料体系,其中相对于所述交联剂组合物的总重量,分子量低于820道尔顿的氮丙啶官能分子的量低于1.5重量%,优选地低于1重量%,其中所述分子量是如说明书中所述使用LC-MS测定的,并且其中所述交联剂组合物含有少于5重量%的水。
17.一种具有涂层的基材,所述涂层是通过以下方式获得的:(i)将通过混合根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双组分体系的所述第一组分和第二组分而获得的涂料组合物施加到基材上,以及(ii)通过蒸发挥发物来干燥所述涂料组合物。
18.一种多氮丙啶化合物,所述多氮丙啶化合物具有:
a)2至6个以下结构单元(A):
其中
m是1至6的整数;并且
R'和R”都是H,
b)一个或多个连接基团,其中这些连接基团中的每一个连接所述结构单元A中的两个,并且其中所述连接基团由以下组成:(i)至少两个脂肪族烃官能团或至少两个脂环族烃官能团,和(ii)异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团,并且其中侧基存在于连接基团上,其中所述侧基具有以下结构式:
n'是重复单元的数量,并且是1至50,优选地2至30,更优选地5至20的整数,
X是O或NH,
在每个重复单元中,R7和R8独立地为H或CH3,
R9是优选含有1个至8个碳原子的脂肪族烃基,或优选含有4个至10个碳原子的脂环族烃基,并且
R10含有至多20个碳原子,并且是脂肪族、脂环族或芳族烃基,或它们的组合,以及
c)在840道尔顿至5000道尔顿范围内的分子量,其中所述分子量是使用MALDI-TOF质谱法测量的。
19.根据权利要求18所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中X是O,并且R7和R8独立地为H。
20.根据权利要求18或19所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物含有2个结构单元(A)。
21.根据权利要求18至20中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:第一脂肪族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团和第二脂肪族烃官能团,并且R9是脂肪族烃基团,其中所述第一脂肪族烃官能团和所述第二脂肪族烃官能团与R9是相同的。
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