CN114789366B - Cutter bar clamping runout compensation method in end mill grinding - Google Patents
Cutter bar clamping runout compensation method in end mill grinding Download PDFInfo
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- CN114789366B CN114789366B CN202111409773.1A CN202111409773A CN114789366B CN 114789366 B CN114789366 B CN 114789366B CN 202111409773 A CN202111409773 A CN 202111409773A CN 114789366 B CN114789366 B CN 114789366B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CLOMYZFHNHFSIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N clonixin Chemical compound CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1NC1=NC=CC=C1C(O)=O CLOMYZFHNHFSIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/02—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
- B24B3/06—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters of face or end milling cutters or cutter heads, e.g. of shank type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/007—Weight compensation; Temperature compensation; Vibration damping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
A cutter bar clamping runout compensation method in end mill grinding comprises the following steps: 1) Determining an external contour measuring method of a cutter bar of the end mill; 2) Measuring the outer contour dimension of the cutter bar by using a measuring head to obtain outer contour data of the cutter bar; 3) Processing the outer contour data to obtain an outer contour error of the cutter bar; 4) The outer contour error is compensated into the end mill peripheral sharpening path. The invention compensates the error caused by the clamping jump of the cutter bar in the peripheral edge sharpening process, thereby reducing the size deviation of the end mill caused by the jump and improving the cutter grinding precision. The actual operation steps of the invention are as follows: measuring the outer contour dimension of a cutter bar at the end of a tool grinder, and storing the measurement result into a file; the tool grinding software reads the file and processes the data; error compensation is added in the process of calculating the peripheral edge path. The whole compensation process does not need manual interference, can be used for automatic batch production of the end mill, and improves the precision of batch production of the end mill.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cutter grinding, in particular to a cutter bar clamping runout compensation method in end mill grinding.
Background
The size of the clamping runout of the cutter bar blank directly influences the grinding quality and precision of the end mill, and the geometric dimension precision of the grinding cutter is poor due to the fact that the clamping runout (cutter runout) of the cutter bar blank is too large. Therefore, the cutter jump is required to be small in the cutter grinding, the cutter jump of a general high-precision cutter grinding cutter is required to be within 2 mu m, and the smaller the diameter of the cutter is, the higher the requirement on the clamping precision of a cutter bar blank is. The current control method of tool grinding machines at home and abroad for the clamping precision of the cutter bar blank mostly adopts the method that a cutter bar runout control tool is arranged on a C shaft to debug and control the clamping precision of the cutter bar blank. The manufacturing precision of the jump control tool and the mastering degree of a staff on the jump debugging method directly influence the length of the jump debugging time. The tool manufacturing precision is not high or a worker is not skilled in mastering a jumping debugging method, and the cutter bar blank clamping state with small clamping jumping and stable automatic feeding clamping cannot be debugged in a short time, so that the production beat of the cutter is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calculation method for compensating cutter bar clamping runout in peripheral edge grinding, aiming at the problems existing in the conventional processing. The method can reduce the clamping requirement of the cutter bar, and can obtain higher dimensional accuracy of the end mill when the larger cutter bar clamps and jumps. The grinding machine can be suitable for grinding rotary end mills.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
Step 1) obtaining each section of a cutter bar according to uniform step length from top to bottom along the axis direction;
Step 2) measuring the outer contour dimension of the cutter bar by using a measuring head to obtain outer contour data of the cutter bar:
a. zeroing a machine tool rotating shaft where a cutter bar is positioned;
b. moving the probe to a distance the end face h of the cutter bar;
c. detecting all points on the outer contour of the cutter bar at the section h by the measuring head according to the angle with uniform interval, and recording the radius R, the angle theta of the rotating shaft and the value h of each point as the outer contour data of the cutter bar at the section h;
d. Detecting each section in sequence to obtain the outer contour data of the whole cutter bar;
Step 3) processing the outer contour data to obtain the outer contour error of the cutter bar:
a. calculating a single section cutter bar reference radius;
b. Calculating the outer contour error of each measuring point of the single section;
c. sequentially processing the outer contour data of all sections to obtain the outer contour error of the whole cutter bar;
step 4) compensating the outer contour error into the sharpening path of the peripheral edge of the end mill:
a. Establishing an end mill end face coordinate system;
b. representing the path contact line under an end face coordinate system;
c. sequentially calculating contact point errors of all sections;
d. obtaining the normal error of any path point;
e. calculating an out-of-contour normal vector of the grinding path at any point on a contact line of the grinding path as a path compensation direction of the point;
f. The path normal error is compensated into the grinding path in a compensation direction.
Further, the outer contour error calculation method of the single section in the step 3) comprises the following steps:
a. taking the average value of the maximum and minimum values of the radius of all measuring points on a single section as the reference radius of the cutter bar of the section;
b. the difference DeltaR between the radius of each measurement point and the reference radius is calculated, and DeltaR, theta, h are recorded as the section outer contour error.
Further, in the step 4), the calculating method for compensating the error of the cutter bar outer contour to the sharpening path of the peripheral edge of the end mill specifically comprises the following steps:
a. establishing an end mill end face coordinate system, wherein the origin O of the coordinate system is the center of the end face of the cutter bar, the Z axis is the axis direction of the end part of the cutter bar pointing to the root, the Y axis passes through the point of the cutter tip of the end mill tooth, and the X axis meets the right-hand Cartesian coordinate system;
b. extracting a grinding wheel contact point of a sharpening path of the peripheral edge of the end mill before compensation to obtain a path contact line, wherein the path contact line is expressed under an end face coordinate system;
c. taking error data of the cutter bar outer contour at the Z=h section, simultaneously calculating the intersection point (x, y, Z) of the path contact line and the Z=h section, and calculating the phase angle of the intersection point
D. interpolation is carried out according to the angle theta in the error data of the cutter bar outer contour at the Z=h section to obtain the phase angleCorresponding radius error Δr, recording contact point error data at section z=hSequentially calculating contact point errors of all sections;
e. Performing linear interpolation on all section contact point errors in the previous step according to the h value to obtain a contact point error of any path point, which is called a path normal error;
f. calculating an out-of-contour normal vector of the grinding path at any point on a contact line of the grinding path as a path compensation direction of the point;
g. And compensating the normal error of the path into the grinding path along the compensation direction, namely translating the coordinates of the path point along the compensation direction by an error value.
Further, the cutting path of the end mill Zhou Renmo is preprocessing data, namely, the pose of the grinding wheel in the path point is represented by the coordinates of the center point of the grinding wheel and the axial direction of the grinding wheel.
Further, the contour external normal vector of any point on the contact line is obtained by cross multiplication of the tangent vector of the tool contour section circle corresponding to the point and the tangent vector of the path contact line at the point.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the error caused by cutter bar clamping jump is compensated in the peripheral sharpening process, so that the size deviation of the end mill caused by cutter bar jump error is reduced, the cutter grinding precision is improved, and the method has practical significance in the mass production of cutters. The actual operation steps of the invention are as follows: measuring the outer contour dimension of a cutter bar at the end of a tool grinder, and storing the measurement result into a file; the tool grinding software reads the file and processes the data; error compensation is added in the process of calculating the peripheral edge path. The whole process does not need artificial interference, can be used for automatic batch production of the end mill, and improves the precision of batch production of the end mill.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measurement point distribution;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of measurement data storage;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of error locations on a path contact line;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the axial distribution of points on the path contact line;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of compensation direction solving.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive.
The invention provides a cutter bar clamping runout compensation method in end mill grinding, which is realized by the following measures.
Step 1) determining an external contour dimension measuring method of an end mill cutter bar, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining each section of the cutter bar according to uniform step length from top to bottom along the axis direction; taking outline points as measuring points on the circumference of the same section at uniform intervals, and recording the angle of each measuring point, the radius of the cutter bar and the axial distance between the section and the end face of the cutter bar; the measurement point data on all sections are recorded in sequence, and the distribution of the measurement points of the single section is shown in figure 1.
And 2) measuring the outer contour dimension of the cutter bar by using a measuring head to obtain the outer contour data of the cutter bar. The specific implementation is described below.
The cutter bar outer contour data is collected by adopting a wired measuring head and a written measurement macro program. The measuring macro program is divided into two layers and comprises a main program and a subprogram, the subprogram performs the work of positioning, measuring and data storing of the current section circle of the cutter bar, the main program provides a data storage position and circularly calls the subprogram according to the axial measuring length requirement of the cutter bar, the outline size of the whole cutter bar is stored, and the file storage format is shown in figure 2.
The basic principle of processing the outer contour data to obtain the outer contour error of the cutter bar is as follows: when the cutter bar blank is clamped and jumped greatly, the axis of the cutter bar blank deviates from the theoretical rotation axis, and when the cutter bar blank rotates, the point on the cutter bar blank is an elliptic-like track, namely, relative to a theoretical circle, the point on the outer contour of the cutter bar is a part outside the theoretical circle, and a part inside the theoretical circle. In the peripheral edge grinding, if the grinding wheel is always in contact with the theoretical circle, part points beyond the theoretical circle will be ground, but points within the theoretical circle will not be ground. This causes the tool cross-sectional shape after sharpening to be elliptical, and the width of the margin varies from the end face of the tool to the root margin, which is represented by the outer contour of the end mill. The calculated outer contour error value is positive or negative, a positive value indicates that the point on the outer contour of the cutter bar is outside the theoretical circle, and a negative value indicates that the point on the outer contour of the cutter bar is inside the theoretical circle. The calculation method comprises the following steps:
a. taking the average value of the maximum and minimum values of the radius of all measuring points on a single section as the reference radius of the cutter bar of the section;
b. Calculating the difference delta R of the radius of each measuring point minus the reference radius, and recording delta R, theta and h as the outer contour errors of the section;
c. And sequentially processing the outer contour data of all the sections to obtain the outer contour error of the whole cutter bar.
Step 4) the process of compensating the outer contour error to the sharpening path of the peripheral edge of the end mill is actually a process of changing the elliptical cross section formed by grinding after the axis of the cutter arbor deviates from the theoretical axis into a circular cross section. Therefore, when the error value is compensated, the grinding wheel needs to be lifted at the position with positive outline error and is compensated along the positive direction of the external normal vector, the grinding wheel needs to be lowered at the position with negative outline error and is compensated along the negative direction of the external normal vector, so that the grinding wheel can grind the peripheral edge of the cutter in place, and the size of the cutter is ensured. The method for compensating the cutter bar outer contour error to the sharpening path of the peripheral edge of the end mill comprises the following steps:
a. Establishing an end mill end face coordinate system, wherein the origin O of the coordinate system is the center of the end face of the cutter bar, the Z axis is the axis direction of the end part of the cutter bar pointing to the root, the Y axis passes through the point of the cutter tip of the initial grinding cutter tooth of the end mill, and the X axis meets the right-hand Cartesian coordinate system;
b. extracting a grinding wheel contact point of a sharpening path of the peripheral edge of the end mill before compensation to obtain a path contact line, wherein the path contact line is expressed under an end face coordinate system;
c. taking error data of the cutter bar outer contour at the Z=h section, simultaneously calculating the intersection point (x, y, Z) of the path contact line and the Z=h section, and calculating the phase angle of the intersection point See fig. 3, 4;
d. interpolation is carried out according to the angle theta in the error data of the cutter bar outer contour at the Z=h section to obtain the phase angle Corresponding radius error, recording contact point error data at Z=h sectionSequentially calculating contact point errors of all sections;
e. Performing linear interpolation on all section contact point errors in the previous step according to the h value to obtain a contact point error of any path point, which is called a path normal error;
f. The out-of-contour normal vector of the grinding path at any point on its contact line is calculated as the path compensation direction for that point. Referring to fig. 5, the compensation direction at a certain contact point is obtained by cross multiplying the tangent vector of the tool contour section circle corresponding to the certain contact point with the tangent vector of the path contact line at the certain point;
g. And compensating the normal error of the path into the grinding path along the compensation direction, namely translating the coordinates of the path point along the compensation direction by an error value.
Comparative experiment 1:
Experiments on whether the flat bed knife performs runout compensation or not were performed for the method provided by the invention, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table of margin widths for flat bottom knife runout compensation test
As is clear from the band width data of the flat bottom blade counted in Table 1, when the clamping runout of the No. 1 flat bottom blade and the cutter bar blank is 11 mu m, and the runout compensation is not performed, the edge widths of each tooth of the ground flat bottom blade are different, and the edge widths of the cutter tip and the tail part of the spiral groove are also different, wherein the difference between the edge widths is 0.05mm at most. And after the jump compensation is carried out, the difference value of the margin width of each tooth of the flat bed knife is reduced, the difference value of the margin width at the tail part of the knife tip and the spiral groove is more uniform, and the difference between the knife tip and the margin width at the tail part of the spiral groove is 0.02mm at most. After the runout compensation, the band width of the flat bottom blade tends to be uniform.
Comparative experiment 2:
Experiments on whether the ball-end cutter performs jump compensation or not are carried out according to the method provided by the invention, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 statistical table of radius and profile data of ball nose cutter runout test tool
From the statistical data in Table 2, the number 1 ball cutter, the cutter bar clamping runout is 10 μm, the radius error (measured radius-theoretical radius) of the ball cutter without runout compensation processing is 6.4 μm, and the profile is 5.7 μm; no. 2, no. 3 and No.4 ball knives have knife bar clamping runout of 10 μm, 11 μm and 12 μm, and the radius errors of the ball knives after runout compensation of 4 μm, 3.8 μm and 3.5 μm, and the profile degrees of 2.9 μm, 3.2 μm and 3.1 μm. After the jump compensation is carried out, the radius size precision and the contour precision of the ball cutter are obviously improved.
Claims (5)
1. A cutter bar clamping runout compensation method in end mill grinding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1) obtaining each section of a cutter bar according to uniform step length from top to bottom along the axis direction;
step 2) measuring the outer contour dimension of the cutter bar by using a measuring head to obtain the outer contour data of the cutter bar:
a. zeroing a machine tool rotating shaft where a cutter bar is positioned;
b. moving the probe to a distance the end face h of the cutter bar;
c. detecting all points on the outer contour of the cutter bar at the section h by the measuring head according to the angle with uniform interval, and recording the radius R, the angle theta of the rotating shaft and the value h of each point as the outer contour data of the cutter bar at the section h;
d. Detecting each section in sequence to obtain the outer contour data of the whole cutter bar;
Step 3) processing the outer contour data to obtain the outer contour error of the cutter bar:
a. calculating a single section cutter bar reference radius;
b. Calculating the outer contour error of each measuring point of the single section;
c. sequentially processing the outer contour data of all sections to obtain the outer contour error of the whole cutter bar;
step 4) compensating the outer contour error into the sharpening path of the peripheral edge of the end mill:
a. Establishing an end mill end face coordinate system;
b. representing the path contact line under an end face coordinate system;
c. sequentially calculating contact point errors of all sections;
d. obtaining the normal error of any path point;
e. calculating an out-of-contour normal vector of the grinding path at any point on a contact line of the grinding path as a path compensation direction of the point;
f. The path normal error is compensated into the grinding path in a compensation direction.
2. The method for compensating for tool bar clamping runout in end mill grinding according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the outer contour error of the single section in step 3) is as follows:
a. taking the average value of the maximum and minimum values of the radius of all measuring points on a single section as the reference radius of the cutter bar of the section;
b. the difference DeltaR between the radius of each measurement point and the reference radius is calculated, and DeltaR, theta, h are recorded as the section outer contour error.
3. The method for compensating for tool bar clamping runout in end mill grinding according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the calculating method for compensating the tool bar outer contour error to the end mill peripheral sharpening path is specifically as follows:
a. establishing an end mill end face coordinate system, wherein the origin O of the coordinate system is the center of the end face of the cutter bar, the Z axis is the axis direction of the end part of the cutter bar pointing to the root, the Y axis passes through the point of the cutter tip of the end mill tooth, and the X axis meets the right-hand Cartesian coordinate system;
b. extracting a grinding wheel contact point of a sharpening path of the peripheral edge of the end mill before compensation to obtain a path contact line, wherein the path contact line is expressed under an end face coordinate system;
c. taking error data of the cutter bar outer contour at the Z=h section, simultaneously calculating the intersection point (x, y, Z) of the path contact line and the Z=h section, and calculating the phase angle of the intersection point
D. According to the angle theta in the cutter bar outer contour error data at the Z=h section, interpolating to obtain a radius error delta r corresponding to the phase angle phi, and recording contact point error data at the Z=h sectionSequentially calculating contact point errors of all sections;
e. Performing linear interpolation on all section contact point errors in the previous step according to the h value to obtain a contact point error of any path point, which is called a path normal error;
f. calculating an out-of-contour normal vector of the grinding path at any point on a contact line of the grinding path as a path compensation direction of the point;
g. And compensating the normal error of the path into the grinding path along the compensation direction, namely translating the coordinates of the path point along the compensation direction by an error value.
4. The method for compensating for tool bar clamping runout in end mill grinding according to claim 3, wherein said end mill Zhou Renmo cutting path is preprocessing data, i.e. the grinding wheel pose in the path point is represented by the coordinates of the grinding wheel center point and the direction of the grinding wheel axis.
5. A method of compensating for tool holder clamping runout in end mill grinding according to claim 3 wherein the profile external normal at any point on the contact line is derived from the tangential multiplication of the tangential vector of the tool profile cross-sectional circle corresponding to that point and the tangential vector of the path contact line at that point.
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| CN106774153A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 科德数控股份有限公司 | A kind of profile tolerance compensation method of S-shaped rose cutter |
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| JP2004074313A (en) * | 2002-08-12 | 2004-03-11 | Mitsubishi Materials Kobe Tools Corp | Machining method of end mill |
| JP5342665B2 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-11-13 | ファナック株式会社 | Lens shape processing method and lens shape processing apparatus for measuring along spiral measurement path |
| CN106202843B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-05-31 | 西安精雕软件科技有限公司 | A kind of measurement point creation method based on line Measurement Technique |
| JP2019096219A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-06-20 | ファナック株式会社 | Control device of machine tool |
| CN109318090B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-08-07 | 武汉理工大学 | Size compensation method and system in annular part robot grinding process |
| CN110480075B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-07-02 | 上海拓璞数控科技股份有限公司 | Workpiece curved surface contour compensation system and method based on point cloud data and medium |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102865847A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-01-09 | 北京精雕科技有限公司 | Spline curve compensation method for measuring profile deviation based on path unit |
| CN106774153A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 科德数控股份有限公司 | A kind of profile tolerance compensation method of S-shaped rose cutter |
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