CN110877237B - Compensation method based on eccentricity of rotation center of main shaft of grinding machine and rotation center of workpiece - Google Patents
Compensation method based on eccentricity of rotation center of main shaft of grinding machine and rotation center of workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN110877237B CN110877237B CN201911260258.4A CN201911260258A CN110877237B CN 110877237 B CN110877237 B CN 110877237B CN 201911260258 A CN201911260258 A CN 201911260258A CN 110877237 B CN110877237 B CN 110877237B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a compensation method based on the eccentricity of the rotation center of a main shaft and the rotation center of a workpiece of a grinding machine, which comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a workpiece coordinate system, recording X-axis coordinates of two trial cutting points in a tool setting mode, and calculating a coordinate value of an X-axis of a workpiece rotation center; 2) performing trial cutting, calculating the radius of a grinding wheel according to the trial cutting feed quantity, and calculating the eccentric distance Y between the rotation center of the main shaft of the numerical control grinding machine and the rotation center of the workpiece by combining the radius of the workpiece; 3) and substituting the eccentric distance and the radius of the workpiece into an eccentric compensation model to obtain the exact relation between the X-axis feed quantity and the workpiece cutting quantity of the numerically controlled grinder. The numerical control grinding machine has the advantages that the problems that the ideal grinding amount is not equal to the actual grinding amount due to eccentricity and the machining precision cannot be guaranteed are solved, the machining precision of the numerical control grinding machine is improved, and the product percent of pass is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of grinding machines, and particularly relates to a compensation method based on eccentricity of a main shaft rotation center and a workpiece rotation center of a grinding machine.
Background
When the numerical control grinding machine is used for machining, a workpiece is clamped on the rotary worktable, the grinding wheel spindle is vertically arranged and can respectively feed in the transverse direction and the vertical direction along the X axis and the Z axis, and then the inner circle, the outer circle and the end face of annular, disc-shaped and sleeve parts are ground and machined. In the ideal numerically controlled grinder, the plane swept by the rotation center of the grinding wheel spindle moving transversely along the X axis is completely superposed with the plane formed by the rotation center of the workpiece in the X axis direction, and no eccentric error exists. In the actual use process, errors and installation errors caused by vibration, abrasion of a rotary working table, stress deformation of a machine body and a guide rail and the like cause that a plane swept by the rotary center of the grinding wheel spindle moving along the X-axis transverse direction cannot be completely superposed with a plane formed by the rotary center of a workpiece in the X-axis direction, and eccentricity is generated. The ideal grinding amount is not equal to the actual grinding amount due to eccentricity, the machining precision cannot be guaranteed, and the qualification rate of products is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a compensation method based on the eccentricity of the rotation center of the main shaft of the grinding machine and the rotation center of the workpiece, which can effectively solve the problems that the ideal grinding amount is not equal to the actual grinding amount and the machining precision cannot be ensured due to the eccentricity, and improve the machining precision of the numerical control grinding machine so as to improve the product percent of pass.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the compensation method based on the eccentricity of the rotation center of the grinding machine spindle and the rotation center of the workpiece comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a workpiece coordinate system, recording X-axis coordinates of two trial cutting points in a tool setting mode, and calculating a coordinate value of an X-axis of a workpiece rotation center;
2) performing trial cutting, calculating the radius of a grinding wheel according to the trial cutting feed quantity, and calculating the eccentric distance Y between the rotation center of the main shaft of the numerical control grinding machine and the rotation center of the workpiece by combining the radius of the workpiece;
in the formula (1), R is the grinding wheel radius, R1Is the initial workpiece radius, XcIs the X-axis coordinate value of the center of rotation of the workpiece, XaIs an X-axis initial coordinate value of the main shaft rotation center of the numerical control grinding machine;
3) substituting the eccentric distance and the workpiece radius into an eccentric compensation model to obtain the exact relation between the X-axis feed quantity and the workpiece cutting quantity of the numerically controlled grinder:
in the formula (2), Δ R is the amount of cut of the work, R2Is the radius of the cut workpiece, and Δ X is the feed amount of the grinding wheel;
4) and when the grinding wheel is used for refitting or replacing the workpiece, repeating the operations of the steps 1) to 3).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention solves the problems that the ideal grinding amount is not equal to the actual grinding amount due to eccentricity and the processing precision cannot be ensured, improves the processing precision of the numerical control grinding machine and improves the product percent of pass.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an ideal grinding state.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a grinding state when eccentric.
Fig. 3 is a tool setting schematic diagram i.
Fig. 4 is a tool setting schematic diagram two.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a compensation method based on the eccentricity of the rotation center of the spindle of the grinding machine and the rotation center of the workpiece:
measuring grinding wheel radius R, workpiece radius R and X-axis coordinate value X of workpiece rotation centerc. And calculating the eccentric distance Y of the main shaft of the grinding machine by using the data, and establishing a mathematical model between the feed quantity delta X of the main shaft and the grinding quantity delta R of the workpiece under the influence of the eccentricity, thereby completely eliminating the influence of the eccentricity of the main shaft on the machining precision. Referring to fig. 2, it can be seen from the geometrical relationship existing in the figure that A, B two points of the grinding wheel and the workpiece respectively satisfy the following relations:
(r+R1)2＝Y2+(Xc-Xa)2 (3)
(r+R2)2＝Y2+(Xc-Xb)2 (4)
Xb＝Xa+ΔX (5)
the eccentric distance Y is given by the formulas (3) to (5):
from the expressions (1), (3) and (5), the relationship between the feed amount Δ X of the grinding wheel and the cut amount Δ R of the workpiece is as follows:
wherein the X-axis coordinate value X of the rotation center of the workpiececThe radius r of the grinding wheel and the eccentric distance Y of the main shaft of the grinding machine are unknown quantities and need to be calculated according to the geometric relationship (see the figure 3 and the figure 4) during grinding. Determining X-axis coordinate X of center of rotation of workpiececDetermining the geometric mean radius r of the grinding wheel during grinding, determining the eccentric distance Y, and obtaining a final compensation model; after the compensation model is obtained, the compensation model can be added into a numerical control system, the feed quantity in the X direction is calculated according to the target cutting quantity through the compensation model, and the purpose that the feed quantity and the cutting quantity can be accurately controlled when eccentricity exists is achieved.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) referring to fig. 3, the X-axis coordinate X of the rotation center of the workpiece is determined by using the tool setting modecThe grinding wheel is fed to the workpiece slowly from two sides of the workpiece until the grinding wheel contacts the workpiece slightly, and X-axis coordinates X of the spindle are recorded when the micro-cutting is generated twice01、X02And then the X-axis coordinate value of the rotation center of the workpiece is as follows:
Xc＝(X02+X01)/2； (6)
2) because the outer surface of the grinding wheel is not smooth, cutting allowance and elastic deformation exist during cutting, and the diameter of the grinding wheel is not accurately measured directly. Therefore, the geometric mean diameter of the grinding wheel in the cutting process is indirectly obtained by adopting a trial cutting mode, the abrasion loss of the grinding wheel in a single cutting process is very small, and the abrasion loss of the grinding wheel in the cutting process can be ignored. Referring to fig. 4, the specific steps are as follows:
a、Xcafter the value of (A) is determined, the workpiece diameter is measured precisely by a micrometer and recorded as R3；
b. Moving the grinding wheel to coordinate X01Marking the center point of the grinding wheel as A;
c. the feed cutting amount is DeltaX1The grinding wheel center point is marked as B, and the X-axis coordinate is marked as X03；
d. The grinding wheel is withdrawn and accurately measured by a micrometerAt this time, the diameter of the workpiece is recorded as R4。
The grinding wheel and the workpiece at the point A satisfy the following relation: (R)3+r)2＝Y2+(Xc-X01)2 (7)
The grinding wheel and the workpiece at the point B satisfy the following relation: (R)4+r)2＝Y2+(Xc-X03)2 (8)
Substituting equation (7) into equation (8) can accurately obtain the geometric mean diameter r of the grinding wheel during cutting:
substituting equation (9) into equation (7) yields an eccentricity of:
by substituting the data determined by the expressions (6), (9) and (10) and the position coordinates of the tool set point into the expression (2), a mathematical model between the spindle feed amount Δ X and the workpiece cut amount Δ R in the presence of the eccentric distance Y can be obtained, and the workpiece can be precisely ground.
Claims (1)
1. The method for compensating the eccentricity between the rotation center of the spindle of the grinding machine and the rotation center of the workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) establishing a workpiece coordinate system, recording X-axis coordinates of two trial cutting points in a tool setting mode, and calculating a coordinate value of an X-axis of a workpiece rotation center;
determining X-axis coordinate X of workpiece rotation center by tool settingcThe grinding wheel is fed to the workpiece slowly from two sides of the workpiece until the grinding wheel contacts the workpiece slightly, and X-axis coordinates X of the spindle are recorded when the micro-cutting is generated twice01、X02And then the X-axis coordinate value of the rotation center of the workpiece is as follows: xc＝(X02+X01)/2；
2) To perform trial cutting
Because the outer surface of the grinding wheel is not smooth, the cutting allowance and elastic deformation exist during cutting, so that the diameter of the grinding wheel is not accurately measured directly; therefore, the average geometric radius of the grinding wheel in the cutting process is indirectly obtained by adopting a trial cutting mode, the abrasion loss of the grinding wheel in a single cutting process is very small, and therefore, the loss of the grinding wheel in the cutting process can be ignored, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
a、Xcafter the value of (A) is determined, the workpiece diameter is measured precisely by a micrometer and recorded as R3；
b. Moving the grinding wheel to coordinate X01Marking the center point of the grinding wheel as A;
c. the feed cutting amount is DeltaX1The grinding wheel center point is marked as B, and the X-axis coordinate is marked as X03；
d. Withdrawing the grinding wheel, accurately measuring the diameter of the workpiece by a micrometer, and recording the diameter as R4；
The grinding wheel and the workpiece at the point A satisfy the following relation: (R)3+r)2＝Y2+(Xc-X01)2；
The grinding wheel and the workpiece at the point B satisfy the following relation: (R)4+r)2＝Y2+(Xc-X03)2；
Substituting the relation between the grinding wheel and the workpiece at the point A into the relation between the grinding wheel and the workpiece at the point B to accurately obtain the calculation formula of the geometric mean radius r of the grinding wheel during cutting:
substituting the calculation formula of the geometric mean radius r into the relation formula of the grinding wheel and the workpiece when the point A is reached to obtain the eccentric distance Y:
3) the eccentricity compensation model is the exact functional relation between the feeding quantity delta X of the X axis of the grinding machine and the cutting quantity delta R of the workpiece:
A. the grinding wheel and the workpiece at the point B respectively satisfy the following relational expressions:
(r+R1)2＝Y2+(Xc-Xa)2 (3)
(r+R2)2＝Y2+(Xc-Xb)2 (4)
Xb＝Xa+ΔX (5)
in the formula (3) -formula (5), XaIs the X-axis coordinate value of point A, XbIs the X-axis coordinate value of point B, R1Is the initial workpiece radius, R2The radius of the cut workpiece, and the eccentric distance Y between the rotation center of the spindle of the numerically controlled grinder and the rotation center of the workpiece;
from r, XcY, formula (1), formula (3) -formula (5) can obtain the relationship between the feed amount Δ X of the grinding wheel and the cut amount Δ R of the workpiece, that is: obtaining the exact relation between the X-axis feed quantity of the numerically controlled grinder and the workpiece cutting quantity:
in the formula (2), Δ R is the amount of cut of the work, R2Is the radius of the cut workpiece, and Δ X is the feed amount of the grinding wheel;
4) and when the grinding wheel is used for refitting or replacing the workpiece, repeating the operations of the steps 1) to 3).
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| CN112518258B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-10-21 | 杭州明任机械有限公司 | Preparation process of outer table and application of outer table |
| CN113927386B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-11-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ball grinding wheel grinding and polishing track design method based on trial cutting method |
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