CN114751856A - 一种5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 5-iodo-6-methylnicotinonitrile Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-iodosuccinimide Chemical compound IN1C(=O)CCC1=O LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OWFXIOWLTKNBAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl nitrite Chemical compound CC(C)CCON=O OWFXIOWLTKNBAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000297 Sandmeyer reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007336 electrophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- GZPHSAQLYPIAIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridinecarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CN=C1 GZPHSAQLYPIAIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/84—Nitriles
- C07D213/85—Nitriles in position 3
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- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于化合合成技术领域,具体涉及一种5‑碘‑6‑甲基烟腈的合成方法。本发明以化合物A作为基础原料,依次经过亲核取代、亲电取代、Sandmeyer反应三步反应,进而制备的得到5‑碘‑6‑甲基烟腈,本发明制备的5‑碘‑6‑甲基烟腈产率高,纯度好,简单易操作。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化合合成技术领域,具体涉及一种5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法。
背景技术
烟腈是一种白色晶体。能升华,溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿、苯和石油醚,稍溶于水。主要用途是用作医药、食品添加剂、饲料添加剂、农药等的中间体。5-碘-6-甲基烟腈是烟腈中的一种重要的衍生物。
5-碘-6-甲基烟腈为重要的化学中间体,但是目前为止还没有报道其合成方法。
发明内容
针对上述所述的问题,本发明提供了一种操作简便且收率较高的5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的技术方案为:
一种5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法,该合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将化合物A、氨水、乙醇放入反应器中,加热至120~125℃,设定压力为1MPa,反应,即得化合物B
(2)向反应器中加入化合物B、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺,反应,即得化合物C
(3)向反应器中加入化合物C、DMF、亚硝酸异戊酯,氮气保护,加热至90℃,反应,再加入铜粉,反应,即得5-碘-6-甲基-烟腈
优选地,所述步骤(1)中氨水为质量分数为25%的氨水,化合物A、氨水的固液g/mL比为1:13,氨水与乙醇的体积比为2:1。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中化合物B、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺的质量比为7:13,化合物B、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的固液g/mL比为7:110。
优选地,所述步骤(3)中化合物C、亚硝酸异戊酯、铜粉的质量比为6:3~5:2,化合物C、DMF的固液g/mL比3:50。
有益效果:
本发明以化合物A作为基础原料,依次经过亲核取代、亲电取代、Sandmeyer 反应三步反应,进而制备的得到5-碘-6-甲基烟腈,本发明制备的5-碘-6-甲基烟腈产率高,纯度好,简单易操作。
具体实施方式
一种5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法,该合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照化合物A、质量分数为25%氨水的固液g/mL比为1:13,氨水与乙醇的体积比为2:1,进行取料,将化合物A、氨水、乙醇放入反应器中,加热至120~125℃,设定压力为1MPa,反应,即得化合物B;
(2)按照化合物B、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺的质量比为7:13,化合物B、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的固液g/mL比为7:110进行取料,向反应器中加入化合物B、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺,反应,即得化合物C;
(3)按照化合物C、亚硝酸异戊酯、铜粉的质量比为6:3~5:2,化合物C、DMF的固液g/mL比3:50,进行取料,向反应器中加入化合物C、DMF、亚硝酸异戊酯,氮气保护,加热至90℃,反应,再加入铜粉,反应,即得5-碘-6-甲基-烟腈。
实施例1
一种5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法,该合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将15g化合物A、195mL质量分数为25%的氨水、97.5mL乙醇放入反应器中,加热至120℃,设定压力为1MPa,反应3h,TLC检测,原料基本反应完,取出釜中反应液,浓缩乙醇,过滤,水洗,得到11.9g黄色固体,即得化合物B,收率为90.9%,纯度为96.8%;
(2)向反应器中加入7g化合物B、110mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺、13g N-碘代丁二酰亚胺,反应15h,TLC检测,原料反应完毕,向反应液中加入水300mL,乙酸乙酯200mL搅拌10min,加硅藻土过滤,分液,水相用乙酸乙酯200mL继续萃取一次,合并有机相,浓缩,加MTBE(20mL)打浆,过滤,得到11.2g棕色固体,即得化合物C,收率为82.2%,纯度为95.2%;
(3)向反应器中加入3g化合物C、50mLDMF、1.5g亚硝酸异戊酯,氮气保护,加热至90℃,反应2h,再加入1铜粉,反应4h,TLC检测,原料反应完毕,加水100 mL,乙酸乙酯萃取(100mL*2),合并有机相,浓缩,拌样,过柱,正己烷/乙酸乙酯=3%乙酸乙酯。浓缩,得到2.2g白色固体,即得5-碘-6-甲基-烟腈,收率为77.8%,纯度为99.1%。
产品的核磁数据:1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO)δ 8.88 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.75(d, J = 2.0Hz, 1H), 2.72 (s, 3H)。
实施例2
一种5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法,该合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将15g化合物A、195mL质量分数为25%的氨水、97.5mL乙醇放入反应器中,加热至123℃,设定压力为1MPa,反应3h,TLC检测,原料基本反应完,取出釜中反应液,浓缩乙醇,过滤,水洗,得到12.4g黄色固体,即得化合物B,收率为94.7%,纯度为97.3%;
(2)向反应器中加入7g化合物B、110mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺、13g N-碘代丁二酰亚胺,反应15h,TLC检测,原料反应完毕,向反应液中加入水300mL,乙酸乙酯200mL搅拌10min,加硅藻土过滤,分液,水相用乙酸乙酯200mL继续萃取一次,合并有机相,浓缩,加MTBE(20mL)打浆,过滤,得到12.6g棕色固体,即得化合物C,收率为92.5%,纯度为97.8%;
(3)向反应器中加入3g化合物C、50mLDMF、2g亚硝酸异戊酯,氮气保护,加热至90℃,反应2h,再加入1g铜粉,反应4h,TLC检测,原料反应完毕,加水100 mL,乙酸乙酯萃取(100mL*2),合并有机相,浓缩,拌样,过柱,正己烷/乙酸乙酯=3%乙酸乙酯。浓缩,得到2.8g白色固体,即得5-碘-6-甲基-烟腈,收率为99.1%,纯度为98.6%。
产品的核磁数据:1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO)δ 8.88 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.75(d, J = 2.0Hz, 1H), 2.72 (s, 3H)。
实施例3
一种5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法,该合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将15g化合物A、195mL质量分数为25%的氨水、97.5mL乙醇放入反应器中,加热至125℃,设定压力为1MPa,反应3h,TLC检测,原料基本反应完,取出釜中反应液,浓缩乙醇,过滤,水洗,得到12g黄色固体,即得化合物B,收率为91.7%,纯度为95.2%;
(2)向反应器中加入7g化合物B、110mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺、13g N-碘代丁二酰亚胺,反应15h,TLC检测,原料反应完毕,向反应液中加入水300mL,乙酸乙酯200mL搅拌10min,加硅藻土过滤,分液,水相用乙酸乙酯200mL继续萃取一次,合并有机相,浓缩,加MTBE(20mL)打浆,过滤,得到12.3g棕色固体,即得化合物C,收率为90.3%,纯度为96.8%;
(3)向反应器中加入3g化合物C、50mLDMF、2.5g亚硝酸异戊酯,氮气保护,加热至90℃,反应2h,再加入1g铜粉,反应4h,TLC检测,原料反应完毕,加水100 mL,乙酸乙酯萃取(100mL*2),合并有机相,浓缩,拌样,过柱,正己烷/乙酸乙酯=3%乙酸乙酯。浓缩,得到2.5g白色固体,即得5-碘-6-甲基-烟腈,收率为88.5%,纯度为98.2%。
产品的核磁数据:1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO)δ 8.88 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.75(d, J = 2.0Hz, 1H), 2.72 (s, 3H)。
Claims (4)
2.根据权利要求1所述的5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中氨水为质量分数为25%的氨水,化合物A、氨水的固液g/mL比为1:13,氨水与乙醇的体积比为2:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中化合物B、N-碘代丁二酰亚胺的质量比为7:13,化合物B、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的固液g/mL比为7:110。
4.根据权利要求1所述的5-碘-6-甲基烟腈的合成方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中化合物C、亚硝酸异戊酯、铜粉的质量比为6:3~5:2,化合物C、DMF的固液g/mL比3:50。
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