CN114602926A - Device and process for resourceful treatment of waste incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Device and process for resourceful treatment of waste incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940052299 calcium chloride dihydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940050560 calcium chloride anhydrous Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a process for treating flying ash from waste incineration as a resource, which washes out harmful chlorine ions, soluble salts and heavy metals in the flying ash through primary washing, acid washing and secondary washing, the main components of the residual flying ash are silicon dioxide, calcium sulfate and a small amount of dioxin, and the flying ash is treated by high-temperature catalytic oxidation detoxification or cement kiln cooperation, so that the complete harmless treatment of the flying ash is realized; the invention also provides a device for resourceful treatment of waste incineration fly ash, which comprises a first washing and filtering device, a second reaction device, a first acid washing and filtering device and a second washing and filtering device; the whole process of the invention utilizes all the components of the fly ash, achieves the effect of recovering all elements, and has important economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a device and a process for recycling waste incineration fly ash.
Background
With the rapid development of urban economy in China, the urban garbage yield increases day by 8-10% every year. The basic treatment modes of domestic and foreign municipal domestic garbage are landfill, incineration and composting, and the incineration method gradually becomes the trend of municipal waste treatment due to the advantages of small occupied area, short treatment time, obvious reduction (the mass reduction generally can reach 70 percent, and the volume reduction can reach 90 percent), more thorough harmless treatment, capability of recovering waste heat from garbage incineration and the like.
The incineration fly ash refers to incineration residue collected by a flue gas purification system of a waste incineration plant, the generation amount of fly ash per ton of waste incineration in China is 30-200 kg, the number of the grate furnace is 30-50kg, and the number of the fluidized bed is 150 kg. The fly ash is generally considered as a dangerous waste because it contains heavy metals, soluble salts and organic chlorides (polychlorinated biphenyl and dioxin) with high leaching toxicity, and has great threat to the environment. The surface and the interior of the incineration fly ash are both enriched with a large amount of heavy metals, wherein the Zn and the Pb are the most, the leaching concentration is as high as 35.84mg/L and 5.98mg/L, and the underground water quality can be seriously polluted by direct landfill.
At present, fly ash is treated by mainly adopting cement solidification and chelating agent stabilization methods in China, and the solidified fly ash is mainly transported to a household garbage landfill site for landfill. A small amount of cement is prepared after pretreatment and washing through a cement kiln, the fly ash contains a large amount of calcium hydroxide and chloride, the content of the chloride is too high, the viscosity of calcium hydroxide slurry is high, the mixing cannot be uniform in the washing process, and the filter is easy to block, so that the washing dechlorination effect is low, and the subsequent cement kiln cooperative treatment or other harmless treatment is influenced. The weight of the fly ash filtered residue after washing is 1.1-1.3 times of that of the original fly ash, so that the burden of cement kiln cooperative treatment or harmless treatment is too heavy, and particularly in areas without cement kiln cooperative treatment devices, the harmless treatment cost is high, and the treatment cost of the fly ash is increased rapidly.
Accordingly, there is a need for improvements in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient device and process for treating waste incineration fly ash as a resource.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a process for recycling waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
step one, adding fly ash and water into a first water washing and filtering device for slurrying and washing, wherein the mass ratio of fly ash to water is 1: 1-10 of mixed washing, and then filtering to obtain a filtrate filtered by the first washing filtering device and a filter cake filtered by the first washing filtering device;
adding a filter cake filtered by the first water washing filtering device into a second reaction device, adding hydrochloric acid for reaction, wherein the mass content of the hydrochloric acid is 10-31%, and controlling the pH value at the end of the reaction to be 1.0-4.0; obtaining acidic slurry after the reaction of the second reaction device;
step three, adding the acid slurry reacted by the second reaction device into a first acid washing filtering device for filtering to obtain an acid filter cake filtered by the first acid washing filtering device and an acid filtrate filtered by the first acid washing filtering device;
step four, adding the acid filter cake filtered by the first acid washing filtering device into a second water washing filtering device, and then adding water, wherein the acid filter cake filtered by the first acid washing filtering device and the water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-10 of mixed washing, and then filtering to obtain filtrate filtered by a second washing filtering device and filter cakes filtered by the second washing filtering device;
and fifthly, performing harmless treatment on the filter cake filtered by the second water washing and filtering device.
As an improvement of the process for resource treatment of the waste incineration fly ash of the invention: further comprising the steps of:
step six, adding the filtrate filtered by the first washing and filtering device into a first reaction device for pretreatment, adding sodium carbonate for reaction, removing calcium and magnesium ions in the filtrate filtered by the first washing and filtering device, and taking the remaining filtrate which mainly comprises sodium chloride and potassium chloride as the filtrate pretreated by the first reaction device;
step seven, adding the filtrate pretreated by the first reaction device into a crystallization salt separation device for evaporation crystallization to obtain sodium chloride crystals meeting the standard, and filtering and packaging the sodium chloride crystals for sale;
then cooling and crystallizing to obtain potassium chloride crystals meeting the standard, filtering and packaging the potassium chloride crystals for sale, and circulating the mother liquor back to an evaporation crystallization system;
and adding the steam condensate water obtained by the crystallization salt separation device into a first washing filtering device of the washing process for recycling.
As an improvement of the process for resource treatment of the waste incineration fly ash of the invention: further comprising the steps of:
step eight, adding the acidic filtrate filtered by the first acid washing filtering device and the filtrate filtered by the second water washing filtering device into a third reaction device together for mixing, adding liquid alkali or calcium hydroxide, adjusting the pH to 9-12, converting heavy metal, aluminum ions and magnesium ions in the filtrate into hydroxide, separating out the hydroxide, and then filtering to obtain the remaining solution which is mainly calcium chloride solution and is used as the solution after the reaction of the third reaction device;
step nine, adding the solution reacted by the third reaction device into a first filtering device for filtering to obtain a filter cake filtered by the first filtering device and a filtrate filtered by the first filtering device;
step ten, adding the filtrate filtered by the first filtering device into an evaporation and concentration device for evaporation and concentration; and the steam condensate water part of the evaporation concentration device returns to a second washing filtering device in the second washing procedure for recycling, and the redundant part is discharged outside.
As an improvement of the process for resource treatment of the waste incineration fly ash of the invention:
the evaporation and concentration in the step ten comprises the following three treatment methods:
1) concentrating until the calcium chloride content is 50-65%, then adding into a cooling crystallization device for cooling crystallization to obtain flaky calcium chloride dihydrate, and drying to obtain the flaky calcium chloride dihydrate meeting the standard for sale;
2) concentrating until the content of calcium chloride is 35-45%, and then performing boiling granulation to prepare anhydrous granular calcium chloride;
3) concentrating to calcium chloride content of 35-45%, and selling to obtain liquid calcium chloride product.
As an improvement of the process for resource treatment of the waste incineration fly ash of the invention:
in the first step:
the mixed washing and filtering can adopt one-time washing and one-time filtering; or performing countercurrent washing for 2-4 times and then filtering;
part of the water added in the first water washing and filtering device is steam condensate water obtained by the crystallization and salt separation device;
in step four:
the mixed washing and filtering can adopt one-time washing and one-time filtering; or performing countercurrent washing for 2-4 times and then filtering;
all or part of the water added in the second water washing filtering device is steam condensate water obtained by the evaporation and concentration device.
As an improvement of the process for resource treatment of the waste incineration fly ash of the invention:
and the harmless treatment in the fifth step comprises the realization of the harmless treatment after the dioxin is removed, or the harmless treatment is realized by the cooperative treatment of the dioxin in a cement kiln.
The invention also provides a device for resourceful treatment of waste incineration fly ash, which comprises a first washing and filtering device, a second reaction device, a first acid washing and filtering device and a second washing and filtering device;
a filter residue outlet of the first water washing and filtering device is connected with an inlet of the second reaction device;
the outlet of the second reaction device is connected with the inlet of the first pickling and filtering device;
and a filter residue outlet of the first pickling filtering device is connected with an inlet of the second pickling filtering device.
As an improvement of the device for resource treatment of the waste incineration fly ash of the invention:
the device also comprises a first reaction device and a crystallization and salt separation device;
a filtrate outlet of the first water washing and filtering device is connected with an inlet of the first reaction device;
the outlet of the first reaction device is connected with the inlet of the crystallization salt separation device;
and a condensed water outlet of the crystallization salt separation device is connected with an inlet of the first water washing and filtering device.
As an improvement of the device for resource treatment of the waste incineration fly ash of the invention:
also comprises a third reaction device, a first filtering device, an evaporation and concentration device, a cooling and crystallization device and a drying device
The filtrate outlet of the first acid washing filtering device is connected with the inlet of the third reaction device;
a filtrate outlet of the second water washing and filtering device is connected with an inlet of a third reaction device;
the outlet of the third reaction device is connected with the inlet of the first filtering device;
the filtrate outlet of the first filtering device is connected with the inlet of the evaporation and concentration device;
a condensed water outlet of the evaporation concentration device is connected with an inlet of the second washing and filtering device;
the solid outlet of the evaporation concentration device is connected with the inlet of the cooling crystallization device;
and the outlet of the cooling crystallization device is connected with the inlet of the drying device.
As an improvement of the device for resource treatment of the waste incineration fly ash of the invention:
the first washing filtering device and the second washing filtering device are used for filtering the solution after water is added;
the first pickling filtering device and the first filtering device are used for filtering solution;
the first reaction device, the second reaction device and the third reaction device are used for the reaction of fly ash;
the crystallization salt separation device is used for evaporative crystallization and cooling crystallization;
the cooling crystallization device is used for cooling crystallization;
the drying device is used for drying.
The device and the process for the resource treatment of the waste incineration fly ash have the technical advantages that:
1. harmless treatment of the fly ash is realized, hazardous chlorine ions, soluble salts and heavy metals in the fly ash are washed out through primary washing, acid washing and secondary washing, the main components of the residual fly ash are silicon dioxide, calcium sulfate and a small amount of dioxin, and the fly ash is subjected to high-temperature catalytic oxidation detoxification or cement kiln cooperative treatment, so that complete harmless treatment of the fly ash is realized;
2. the process realizes the reduction and the resource utilization of the waste incineration fly ash, converts calcium carbonate and calcium oxide in the fly ash into flaky calcium chloride dihydrate or anhydrous granular calcium chloride for sale, and uses potassium ions and sodium ions in the fly ash to be sold after crystallization of potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
Therefore, the whole process of the invention utilizes all the components of the fly ash, achieves the effect of recovering all the elements and has important economic and social benefits.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a waste incineration fly ash recycling device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
A filtrate outlet of the first water washing and filtering device 1 is connected with an inlet of the first reaction device 2;
the outlet of the first reaction device 2 is connected with the inlet of the crystallization salt separation device 3;
a condensed water outlet of the crystallization salt separation device 3 is connected with an inlet of the first water washing and filtering device 1;
a filter residue outlet of the first water washing and filtering device 1 is connected with an inlet of the second reaction device 4;
the outlet of the second reaction device 4 is connected with the inlet of the first pickling and filtering device 5;
a filter residue outlet of the first acid washing filter device 5 is connected with an inlet of the second water washing filter device 6;
the filtrate outlet of the first acid washing filtering device 5 is connected with the inlet of a third reaction device 7;
the filtrate outlet of the second water washing and filtering device 6 is connected with the inlet of the third reaction device 7;
the outlet of the third reaction device 7 is connected with the inlet of the first filtering device 8;
the filtrate outlet of the first filtering device 8 is connected with the inlet of the evaporation and concentration device 9;
the condensed water outlet of the evaporation concentration device 9 is connected with the inlet of the second washing and filtering device 6;
the solid outlet of the evaporation concentration device 9 is connected with the inlet of the cooling crystallization device 10;
the outlet of the cooling crystallization device 10 is connected with the inlet of the drying device 11.
The first washing filter device 1 and the second washing filter device 6 are used for filtering the solution after adding water;
the first pickling filtering device 5 and the first filtering device 8 are used for filtering the solution;
the first reaction device 2, the second reaction device 4 and the third reaction device 7 are used for the reaction of fly ash;
the crystallization and salt separation device 3 is used for evaporative crystallization and cooling crystallization;
the cooling crystallization device 10 is used for cooling crystallization;
the drying device 11 is used for drying.
A process for treating garbage incineration fly ash into resources comprises the following steps:
step one, adding fly ash and water into a first water washing filtering device (1) for slurrying and washing, wherein the mass ratio of the slurried fly ash to the water is 1: 2 (the range is 1: 1 to 1: 10), mixing, washing and filtering to obtain filtrate filtered by the first washing and filtering device (1) and filter cake filtered by the first washing and filtering device (1);
the mixed washing and filtering can adopt one-time washing and one-time filtering; or performing countercurrent washing for 2-4 times and then filtering;
part of the water added in the first water washing and filtering device 1 is steam condensate water obtained by the crystallization and salt separation device 3;
secondly, adding a filter cake filtered by the first water washing and filtering device 1 into a second reaction device 4, adding hydrochloric acid (the mass content is 10-31%) for reaction, and controlling the pH value of the reaction end point to be 1.0-4.0; obtaining acidic slurry after the reaction of the second reaction device 4;
step three, adding the acidic slurry reacted by the second reaction device 4 into the first pickling and filtering device 5 for filtering to obtain an acidic filter cake filtered by the first pickling and filtering device 5 and an acidic filtrate filtered by the first pickling and filtering device 5;
step four, adding the acid filter cake filtered by the first acid washing filtering device 5 into the second water washing filtering device 6, and then adding water, wherein the acid filter cake filtered by the first acid washing filtering device 5 and the water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 5, mixing, washing and filtering to obtain filtrate filtered by the second washing and filtering device 6 and filter cakes filtered by the second washing and filtering device 6;
the mixed washing and filtering can adopt one-time washing and one-time filtering; or performing countercurrent washing for 2-4 times and then filtering;
all or part of the water added in the second washing and filtering device 6 is steam condensate water obtained by the evaporation and concentration device 9;
fifthly, performing harmless treatment on a filter cake filtered by the second washing and filtering device 6;
the harmless treatment comprises the realization of the harmless treatment after the removal of dioxin or the realization of the harmless treatment by the cooperative treatment of a cement kiln;
step six, adding the filtrate filtered by the first washing and filtering device 1 into a first reaction device 2 for pretreatment, adding sodium carbonate for reaction, removing calcium and magnesium ions in the filtrate filtered by the first washing and filtering device 1, and taking the remaining filtrate as the filtrate pretreated by the first reaction device 2, wherein the main component of the filtrate is sodium chloride and potassium chloride;
step seven, adding the filtrate pretreated by the first reaction device 2 into a crystallization salt separation device 3 for evaporative crystallization to obtain sodium chloride crystals meeting the standard, and filtering and packaging the sodium chloride crystals for sale;
and then cooling and crystallizing to obtain potassium chloride crystals meeting the standard, filtering and packaging the potassium chloride crystals for sale, and circulating the mother liquor back to the evaporation and crystallization system.
The steam condensate water obtained by the crystallization salt separation device 3 is added into the first water washing filtering device 1 of the water washing process for recycling.
Step eight, adding the acidic filtrate filtered by the first acid washing filtering device 5 and the filtrate filtered by the second water washing filtering device 6 into a third reaction device 7 together for mixing, adding liquid alkali or calcium hydroxide, adjusting the pH to 9-12, converting heavy metal, aluminum ions and magnesium ions in the filtrate into hydroxide, separating out the hydroxide, and then filtering to obtain the remaining solution which is mainly calcium chloride solution and is used as the solution after the reaction of the third reaction device 7;
step nine, adding the solution reacted by the third reaction device 7 into the first filtering device 8 for filtering to obtain a filter cake filtered by the first filtering device 8 and a filtrate filtered by the first filtering device 8;
step ten, adding the filtrate filtered by the first filtering device 8 into an evaporation concentration device 9 for evaporation concentration, returning part of the steam condensate of the evaporation concentration device 9 to the second washing filtering device 6 in the second washing procedure for reuse, and discharging the redundant part. The evaporation concentration comprises the following three treatment methods:
(1) concentrating until the calcium chloride content is 50-65%, then adding into a cooling crystallization device 10 for cooling crystallization to obtain flaky calcium chloride dihydrate, and drying to obtain the flaky calcium chloride dihydrate meeting the standard. Part of the steam condensate water of the evaporation concentration device 9 returns to the second washing and filtering device 6 in the second washing procedure for recycling, and the redundant part is discharged or sold;
(2) concentrating until the calcium chloride content is 35-45%, and boiling and granulating to obtain anhydrous granular calcium chloride. Part of the steam condensate water after evaporation concentration returns to a second washing filtering device 6 in the second washing procedure for recycling, and the redundant part is discharged or sold;
(3) concentrating until the calcium chloride content is 35-45%, and selling, returning the steam condensate part after evaporation concentration to the second water washing filtering device 6 in the second water washing process for reuse, and discharging or selling the redundant part.
Finally, it is also noted that the above-mentioned lists merely illustrate a few specific embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A process for resource treatment of waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, adding fly ash and water into a first water washing and filtering device (1) for slurrying and washing, wherein the mass ratio of fly ash to water is 1: 1-10, mixing, washing and filtering to obtain filtrate filtered by the first washing and filtering device (1) and filter cakes filtered by the first washing and filtering device (1);
secondly, adding a filter cake filtered by the first water washing and filtering device (1) into a second reaction device (4), adding hydrochloric acid for reaction, wherein the mass content of the hydrochloric acid is 10-31%, and controlling the pH value at the end point of the reaction to be 1.0-4.0; obtaining acidic slurry after the reaction of the second reaction device (4);
step three, adding the acid slurry reacted by the second reaction device (4) into the first pickling and filtering device (5) for filtering to obtain an acid filter cake filtered by the first pickling and filtering device (5) and an acid filtrate filtered by the first pickling and filtering device (5);
step four, adding the acid filter cake filtered by the first acid washing filtering device (5) into a second water washing filtering device (6), and then adding water, wherein the acid filter cake filtered by the first acid washing filtering device (5) and the water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-10, mixing, washing and filtering to obtain filtrate filtered by the second water washing and filtering device (6) and filter cakes filtered by the second water washing and filtering device (6);
and step five, performing harmless treatment on the filter cake filtered by the second water washing and filtering device (6).
2. The process of claim 1 for resource treatment of fly ash from waste incineration, which is characterized in that: further comprising the steps of:
step six, adding the filtrate filtered by the first washing and filtering device (1) into a first reaction device (2) for pretreatment, adding sodium carbonate for reaction, removing calcium and magnesium ions in the filtrate filtered by the first washing and filtering device (1), and taking the remaining filtrate as the filtrate pretreated by the first reaction device (2), wherein the main components of the filtrate are sodium chloride and potassium chloride;
step seven, adding the filtrate pretreated by the first reaction device (2) into a crystallization and salt separation device (3) for evaporation crystallization to obtain sodium chloride crystals meeting the standard, and filtering and packaging the sodium chloride crystals for sale;
then cooling and crystallizing to obtain potassium chloride crystals meeting the standard, filtering and packaging the potassium chloride crystals for sale, and circulating the mother liquor back to an evaporation crystallization system;
and (3) adding the steam condensate water obtained by the crystallization salt separation device (3) into a first washing filtering device (1) of the washing process for recycling.
3. The process of claim 2 for resource treatment of fly ash from waste incineration, which is characterized in that: further comprising the steps of:
step eight, adding the acidic filtrate filtered by the first acid washing filtering device (5) and the filtrate filtered by the second water washing filtering device (6) into a third reaction device (7) together for mixing, adding liquid caustic soda or calcium hydroxide, adjusting the pH to 9-12, converting heavy metal, aluminum ions and magnesium ions in the filtrate into hydroxide, separating out the hydroxide, and then filtering to obtain the remaining solution which is mainly calcium chloride solution and is used as the solution after the reaction of the third reaction device (7);
step nine, adding the solution reacted by the third reaction device (7) into a first filtering device (8) for filtering to obtain a filter cake filtered by the first filtering device (8) and a filtrate filtered by the first filtering device (8);
step ten, adding the filtrate filtered by the first filtering device (8) into an evaporation and concentration device (9) for evaporation and concentration; and part of the steam condensate water of the evaporation concentration device (9) returns to the second water washing filtering device (6) in the second water washing procedure for recycling, and the redundant part is discharged outside.
4. The process of claim 3, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
the evaporation and concentration in the step ten comprises the following three treatment methods:
1) concentrating until the calcium chloride content is 50-65%, then adding into a cooling crystallization device (10) for cooling crystallization to obtain flaky calcium chloride dihydrate, and drying to obtain the flaky calcium chloride dihydrate meeting the standard for sale;
2) concentrating until the calcium chloride content is 35-45%, and then performing boiling granulation to prepare anhydrous granular calcium chloride;
3) concentrating to calcium chloride content of 35-45%, and selling to obtain liquid calcium chloride product.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the fly ash from waste incineration is recycled by:
in the first step:
the mixed washing and filtering can adopt one-time washing and one-time filtering; or performing countercurrent washing for 2-4 times and then filtering;
part of the water added in the first water washing and filtering device (1) is steam condensate water obtained by the crystallization and salt separation device (3);
in step four:
the mixing, washing and filtering can adopt one-time washing and one-time filtering; or performing countercurrent washing for 2-4 times and then filtering;
all or part of the water added in the second water washing and filtering device (6) is steam condensate water obtained by the evaporation and concentration device (9).
6. The process of claim 5, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
and the harmless treatment in the fifth step comprises the realization of the harmless treatment after the dioxin is removed, or the harmless treatment is realized by the cooperative treatment of the dioxin in a cement kiln.
7. The utility model provides a waste incineration flying dust resourceful treatment's device which characterized in that: comprises a first washing filter device (1), a second reaction device (4), a first pickling filter device (5) and a second washing filter device (6);
a filter residue outlet of the first water washing filtering device (1) is connected with an inlet of the second reaction device (4);
the outlet of the second reaction device (4) is connected with the inlet of the first pickling and filtering device (5);
and a filter residue outlet of the first acid washing filtering device (5) is connected with an inlet of the second water washing filtering device (6).
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein:
the device also comprises a first reaction device (2) and a crystallization and salt separation device (3);
a filtrate outlet of the first water washing and filtering device (1) is connected with an inlet of the first reaction device (2);
the outlet of the first reaction device (2) is connected with the inlet of the crystallization salt separation device (3);
and a condensed water outlet of the crystallization salt separation device (3) is connected with an inlet of the first water washing and filtering device (1).
9. The apparatus for recycling waste incineration fly ash according to claim 8, wherein:
the device also comprises a third reaction device (7), a first filtering device (8), an evaporation and concentration device (9), a cooling and crystallization device (10) and a drying device (11);
a filtrate outlet of the first acid washing filtering device (5) is connected with an inlet of a third reaction device (7);
a filtrate outlet of the second water washing and filtering device (6) is connected with an inlet of a third reaction device (7);
the outlet of the third reaction device (7) is connected with the inlet of the first filtering device (8);
the filtrate outlet of the first filtering device (8) is connected with the inlet of the evaporation and concentration device (9);
a condensed water outlet of the evaporation concentration device (9) is connected with an inlet of the second washing and filtering device (6);
the solid outlet of the evaporation concentration device (9) is connected with the inlet of the cooling crystallization device (10);
the outlet of the cooling crystallization device (10) is connected with the inlet of the drying device (11).
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein:
the first water washing filtering device (1) and the second water washing filtering device (6) are used for filtering the solution after water is added;
the first pickling filtering device (5) and the first filtering device (8) are used for filtering solution;
the first reaction device (2), the second reaction device (4) and the third reaction device (7) are used for the reaction of fly ash;
the crystallization and salt separation device (3) is used for evaporative crystallization and cooling crystallization;
the cooling crystallization device (10) is used for cooling crystallization;
the drying device (11) is used for drying.
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Cited By (1)
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