CN114373952A - Preparation method and application of surface-reconstructed PdFe/Cu nano electro-catalyst for fuel cell - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of surface-reconstructed PdFe/Cu nano electro-catalyst for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical group [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8853—Electrodeposition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a surface reconstructed PdFe/Cu nano electro-catalyst for a fuel cell, which takes transition metal Cu as a seed crystal and takes precursors of noble metals Pd and Fe to be continuously replaced and deposited on the surface of Cu to form the PdFe/Cu nano electro-catalyst. The preparation method is divided into two steps, wherein the first step is used for synthesizing transition metal Cu seed crystals, and the second step is used for forming a spherical shell consisting of Fe and noble metal Pd through displacement deposition. The ethylene glycol added in the reaction is used as a solvent and a reducing agent at the same time, so that the method is low in cost, green and pollution-free. In the synthesis method, CTAC and KBr are used as morphology control agents, and the prepared PdFe/Cu catalyst is uniform in size.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, relates to a preparation method of a catalyst, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a core-shell structure PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst for a direct ethanol fuel cell.
Background
The Fuel Cell (Fuel Cell) is a fourth generation power generation technology following thermal power, hydroelectric power and nuclear power, is a device for directly converting chemical energy in Fuel into electric energy, is not limited by Carnot cycle in the energy conversion mode, is clean in emission and free of pollution, and is a high-efficiency and environment-friendly new energy technology. Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs) are one type of low temperature fuel cells, and because the fuel is liquid ethanol, they are superior to conventional hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells in storage, transportation, safety, and cost. The direct ethanol fuel cell system has the characteristics of simple structure, quick start, easy fuel supplement, high theoretical specific energy and the like. In the ethanol oxidation in an alkaline system, the Pd-based nano material has the electrocatalytic performance which is comparable to that of a Pt-based material, and is a Pt substitute with great potential.
In the invention, by preparing the surface-reconstructed PdFe/Cu nano electro-catalyst, the dosage of noble metal Pd can be further reduced without losing the electro-catalytic performance, and the utilization rate of Pd atoms is effectively improved; and the catalyst of the present invention shows more lasting stability than general catalysts. The combination of noble metal Pd and non-noble metal is an effective means for reducing the dosage of Pd in the catalyst, and the particularity of the multi-element alloy is that the synergistic effect and the stress strain effect exist among different elements, and the strain effect can be regulated and controlled by changing the proportion of the precursor. In the invention, transition metal Cu is used as a seed crystal, a multi-step liquid phase synthesis technology is applied, ethylene glycol and secondary distilled water are used as solvents, wherein the ethylene glycol is used as a reducing agent, CTAC and KBr are used as morphology control agents, and the prepared PdFe/Cu catalyst has smaller and uniform particle size and excellent ethanol oxidation performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to prepare the PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst with excellent ethanol catalytic activity for a fuel cell by controlling the alloy proportion and properly regulating and controlling the morphology while reducing the using amount of noble metal Pd.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
(1) weighing Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (CTAC) and potassium bromide (KBr) and dissolving in secondary distilled water, ultrasonically dispersing, heating in an oil bath to 50-70 ℃, stirring, introducing N2Dropwise adding anhydrous copper chloride (CuCl)2) Ethylene glycol solution (where N is passed in)2Creating an inert atmosphere to prevent Cu from being reduced by O in the system2To form Cu oxide) (ii) a Dripping a glycol solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) into the mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the solution to 9.5-10, sealing, heating to 100-120 ℃, and removing N2 (where N is removed)2Because the system is sealed and is in an inert atmosphere, no further N is needed2) And (3) carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1-2 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifuging and washing for 2-3 times by using secondary distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively at 8000-10000 rpm/min, and drying, sealing and storing the obtained Cu seed crystal in vacuum. The concentration of CTAC in the mixed solution is 10-15 mg/mL, the concentration of KBr is 3-5 mg/mL, and CuCl2The concentration of the ethylene glycol solution is 1.3-1.5 mg/mL, and the concentration of the ethylene glycol solution of NaOH is 4 mg/mL.
(2) Weighing a certain amount of Cu seed crystal, CTAC and KBr, adding secondary distilled water, and ultrasonically dissolving; stirring at 60 deg.C for 30min, and adding K dropwise into the mixture2PdCl4And FeCl3Finally, a glycol solution of NaOH is dropped into the aqueous solution of (1). The concentration of CTAC in the mixed solution is 3.56 mg/mL, the concentration of KBr is 1.33 mg/mL, the concentration of Cu seed crystal is 0.02-0.03 mg/mL, and K in the mixed solution2PdCl4The concentration of (a) is 1.3-1.4 mg/mL FeCl3The concentration of (b) is 0.6-0.8 mg/mL, and the concentration of NaOH is 8 mg/mL.
(3) And continuously heating the uniformly mixed reaction liquid in a three-necked flask in an oil bath, and reacting for 1-4 hours at the temperature of 80-160 ℃.
(4) Naturally cooling to room temperature, performing centrifugal separation at 8000-10000 rpm/min, respectively performing centrifugal washing for 3-5 times by using secondary distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and re-dissolving the final product in absolute ethyl alcohol for dispersion and preservation to obtain the PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst for the fuel cell.
In the step (1), the secondary distilled water and the ethylene glycol simultaneously serve as solvents, wherein the ethylene glycol serves as a reducing agent, CTAC and KBr serve as morphology control agents, KBr can be replaced by KI, and CTAC and KBr can be replaced by Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB).
In the step (2), the volume of the mixed liquid in the three-necked bottle is 20-30 mL.
In the step (3), in the centrifugal washing process, washing with secondary distilled water for 2-3 times, and then washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for 2-3 times, so as to ensure that unreacted reactants are removed from the surface of the catalyst.
The PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst for the fuel cell is in a spherical structure, the size of catalyst particles is uniform, and the average particle size is 2.5-7.0 nm.
The electrochemical active area (ECSA) of the PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst for the fuel cell is 50-75 m2/g Pd。
The PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst for the fuel cell is in a surface reconstruction structure, Pd is enriched on the surface of the spherical shell, and Cu is mainly used in the bulk phase of Fe, so that the use amount of noble metal Pd is greatly reduced.
The outer surface of the PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst for the fuel cell is formed by ternary alloy, and the structure of the catalyst has a synergistic effect and a structural strain effect.
The invention relates to a surface reconstruction PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst for a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, which has the following remarkable characteristics:
(1) the preparation method is divided into two steps, wherein the first step is used for synthesizing transition metal Cu seed crystals, and the second step is used for forming a spherical shell consisting of Fe and noble metal Pd through displacement deposition.
(2) The ethylene glycol added in the reaction is used as a solvent and a reducing agent at the same time, so that the method is low in cost, green and pollution-free.
(3) In the synthesis method, CTAC and KBr are used as morphology control agents, and the prepared PdFe/Cu catalyst is uniform in size.
(4) The prepared catalyst has excellent performance and stability for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol, and has a wide application and development prospect in direct ethanol fuel cells.
Drawings
FIG. 1: transmission electron microscopy images of the PdFe/Cu-1 electrocatalyst for fuel cell prepared for example 1.
FIG. 2: cyclic voltammogram of ethanol electrocatalytic oxidation with PdFe/Cu-1 electrocatalyst for fuel cell prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3: TEM image of PdFe/Cu-2 electrocatalyst for fuel cell prepared in example 2.
FIG. 4: cyclic voltammogram of ethanol electrocatalytic oxidation with PdFe/Cu-2 electrocatalyst for fuel cell prepared in example 2.
FIG. 5: TEM image of PdFe/Cu-3 electrocatalyst for fuel cell prepared in example 3.
FIG. 6: cyclic voltammogram of ethanol electrocatalytically oxidized using a PdFe/Cu-3 electrocatalyst for fuel cells prepared in example 3.
FIG. 7: graphs comparing the cyclic voltammetry activities of PdFe/Cu electrocatalysts for fuel cells prepared for examples 1, 2, 3 with commercial Pd black electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are set forth herein for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims appended hereto, as modified by those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure in various equivalents.
Example 1
(1) Weighing 384mg CTAC in a 50mL round bottom spherical bottle, adding 15mL secondary distilled water, and ultrasonically dissolving; adding CuCl into the mixed solution2Ethylene glycol solution (40.335mg CuCl)2Dissolving in 5mL of ethylene glycol), transferring to an oil bath kettle after ultrasonic dissolving, and introducing N2Stirring at 60 deg.C for 30 min; after dropping an ethylene glycol solution of NaOH (96 mg NaOH dissolved in 20 mL ethylene glycol), the mixture was heated to 110 ℃ and N was removed2And (3) carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1-2 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, respectively carrying out centrifugal washing for 2-3 times by using secondary distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol at the rotating speed of 10000 rpm/min, and carrying out vacuum drying, sealing and storing on the obtained Cu seed crystal.
(2) Weighing 0.53 mg of Cu seed crystal, 64 mg of CTAC and 24 mg of KBr in a 50mL three-necked flask, and adding 18 mL of secondary distilled water for ultrasonic dissolution; stirring at 60 deg.C for 30min, and sequentially adding ethylene glycol solution of NaOH (96 mg NaOH dissolved in 12mL ethylene glycol) and K2PdCl4And FeCl3Aqueous solution of (8.16 mg K)2PdCl4And 4.5 mg FeCl3·6H2O is dissolved in 6 mL of redistilled water), and the mixture is completely and uniformly stirred.
(3) The homogeneously mixed reaction solution was reacted in a 50mL three-necked flask with heating to 110 ℃ in an oil bath for 2 hours.
(4) Naturally cooling to room temperature, keeping standing, centrifugally separating black precipitate obtained after reaction at 10000 rpm/min, washing with secondary distilled water for 3 times, then using absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and finally adding the obtained product into the absolute ethyl alcohol for dispersion protection to obtain the PdFe/Cu-1 electrocatalyst for the fuel cell.
FIG. 1 is a Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of the PdFe/Cu-1 electrocatalyst for a fuel cell prepared in example 1. As can be seen, the prepared catalyst particles are uniform in size and have slight agglomeration phenomenon.
The PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst prepared by the embodiment is modified on a glassy carbon electrode to prepare a working electrode, and cyclic voltammetry is performed on the working electrode, wherein the test conditions are as follows: the scanning range is-0.8-0.2V (vs. SCE), the scanning speed is 50 mV/s, and the solution is 1 mol/L KOH +1 mol/LC saturated by nitrogen2H5OH solution, the test results are shown in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the prepared PdFe/Cu-1 electrocatalyst shows excellent electrocatalytic oxidation performance, and the maximum ethanol oxidation peak current density is about 794.97 mA/mg at a potential of-0.1VPdAnd shows the optimal activity of the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol.
Example 2
(1) Weighing 384mg CTAC in a 50mL round bottom spherical bottle, adding 15mL secondary distilled water, and ultrasonically dissolving; adding CuCl into the mixed solution2Ethylene glycol solution (40.335mg CuCl)2Dissolving in 5mL of ethylene glycol), transferring to an oil bath kettle after ultrasonic dissolving, and introducing N2Stirring at 60 deg.C for 30 min; after dropping an ethylene glycol solution of NaOH (96 mg NaOH dissolved in 20 mL ethylene glycol), the mixture was heated to 110 ℃ and N was removed2And (3) carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1-2 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, respectively carrying out centrifugal washing for 2-3 times by using secondary distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol at the rotating speed of 10000 rpm/min, and carrying out vacuum drying, sealing and storing on the obtained Cu seed crystal.
(2) Weighing 0.53 mg of Cu seed crystal, 192 mg of CTAC and 24 mg of KBr in a 50mL three-necked flask, and adding 18 mL of secondary distilled water for ultrasonic dissolution; at 60Stirring at constant temperature for 30min, and sequentially adding ethylene glycol solution of NaOH (96 mg NaOH dissolved in 12mL ethylene glycol) and K2PdCl4And FeCl3Aqueous solution of (8.16 mg K)2PdCl4And 4.5 mg FeCl3·6H2O is dissolved in 6 mL of redistilled water), and the mixture is completely and uniformly stirred.
(3) The homogeneously mixed reaction solution was reacted in a 50mL three-necked flask with heating to 110 ℃ in an oil bath for 2 hours.
(4) Naturally cooling to room temperature, keeping standing, centrifugally separating black precipitate obtained after reaction at 10000 rpm/min, washing with secondary distilled water for 3 times, then using absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and finally adding the obtained product into the absolute ethyl alcohol for dispersion protection to obtain the PdFe/Cu-2 electrocatalyst for the fuel cell.
FIG. 3 is a Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of the PdFe/Cu-2 electrocatalyst for fuel cell prepared in example 2. As can be seen, the catalyst particles prepared by increasing the amount of CTAC partially have irregular morphology and are also agglomerated.
The PdFe/Cu-2 electrocatalyst prepared in the embodiment is modified on a glassy carbon electrode to prepare a working electrode, and cyclic voltammetry is performed on the working electrode, wherein the test conditions are as follows: the scanning range is-0.8-0.2V (vs. SCE), the scanning speed is 50 mV/s, and the solution is 1 mol/L KOH +1 mol/LC saturated by nitrogen2H5OH solution, the test results are shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the prepared PdFe/Cu-2 electrocatalyst shows excellent electrocatalytic oxidation performance, and the maximum ethanol oxidation peak current density is about 574.71 mA/mg at a potential of-0.2VPdAnd shows good activity of electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol.
Example 3
(1) Weighing 384mg CTAC in a 50mL round bottom spherical bottle, adding 15mL secondary distilled water, and ultrasonically dissolving; adding CuCl into the mixed solution2Ethylene glycol solution (40.335mg CuCl)2Dissolving in 5mL of ethylene glycol), transferring to an oil bath kettle after ultrasonic dissolving, and introducing N2Stirring at 60 deg.C for 30 min; a glycol solution of NaOH (96 mgNaOH solution) was added dropwise theretoDissolved in 20 mL of ethylene glycol), heated to 110 ℃ and N is removed2And (3) carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1-2 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, respectively carrying out centrifugal washing for 2-3 times by using secondary distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol at the rotating speed of 10000 rpm/min, and carrying out vacuum drying, sealing and storing on the obtained Cu seed crystal.
(2) Weighing 0.53 mg of Cu seed crystal, 64 mg of CTAC and 72 mg of KBr in a 50mL three-necked flask, and adding 18 mL of secondary distilled water for ultrasonic dissolution; stirring at 60 deg.C for 30min, and sequentially adding ethylene glycol solution of NaOH (96 mg NaOH dissolved in 12mL ethylene glycol) and K2PdCl4And FeCl3Aqueous solution of (8.16 mg K)2PdCl4And 4.5 mg FeCl3·6H2O is dissolved in 6 mL of redistilled water), and the mixture is completely and uniformly stirred.
(3) The homogeneously mixed reaction solution was reacted in a 50mL three-necked flask with heating to 110 ℃ in an oil bath for 2 hours.
(4) Naturally cooling to room temperature, keeping standing, centrifugally separating black precipitate obtained after reaction at 10000 rpm/min, washing with secondary distilled water for 3 times, then using absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and finally adding the obtained product into the absolute ethyl alcohol for dispersion protection to obtain the PdFe/Cu-3 electrocatalyst for the fuel cell
FIG. 5 is a Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of the PdFe/Cu-3 electrocatalyst for fuel cell prepared in example 3. As can be seen, the catalyst prepared by increasing the amount of KBr had a more significant difference in particle size and a less uniform particle size than the first two examples.
The PdFe/Cu-3 electrocatalyst prepared in the embodiment is modified on a glassy carbon electrode to prepare a working electrode, and cyclic voltammetry is performed on the working electrode, wherein the test conditions are as follows: the scanning range is-0.8-0.2V (vs. SCE), the scanning speed is 50 mV/s, and the solution is 1 mol/L KOH +1 mol/LC saturated by nitrogen2H5OH solution, the test results are shown in FIG. 6.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the prepared PdFe/Cu-3 electrocatalyst shows excellent electrocatalytic oxidation performance, and the maximum ethanol oxidation peak current density is about 524.29 mA/mg at a potential of-0.2VPdAnd shows good activity of electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol.
Fig. 7 is a graph comparing the activity of the PdFe/Cu alloy electrocatalyst for fuel cells prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 with that of the commercial Pd black catalyst for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol, and it can be seen from the graph that the activity of the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol in example 1 is significantly better than that of examples 2 and 3 and the commercial Pd black nanocatalyst, and the catalysts prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 are better than that of the commercial Pd black. The specific activity of the ethanol electrooxidation in example 1 is the highest, about 1.38 times that of example 2, and 1.52 times that of example 3, which is 2.52 times that of commercial Pd black.
Claims (7)
1. A surface reconstructed PdFe/Cu nano electro-catalyst for a fuel cell is characterized in that the fuel cell is electrically charged
The PdFe/Cu nano electro-catalyst for the pool takes transition metal Cu as seed crystal, and precursors of noble metals Pd and Fe are continuously replaced and deposited on the surface of the Cu to form the PdFe/Cu nano electro-catalyst.
2. The surface reconstructed PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst for fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the PdFe/Cu nano electro-catalyst has the average particle diameter of 2.5-7 nm and the mass activity density of 500-800 mA/mgPd。
3. The surface reconstructed PdFe/Cu nano electro-catalyst for the fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) weighing hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and potassium bromide, dissolving in secondary distilled water, ultrasonically dispersing, heating to 50-70 ℃ in an oil bath pot, and introducing N2Vigorously stirring, and dropwise adding an ethylene glycol solution of anhydrous copper chloride; dripping a glycol solution of sodium hydroxide into the mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the solution to 9.5-10, sealing, heating to 100-120 ℃, and removing N2Reacting for 1-2 hours under heat preservation, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifuging and washing for 2-3 times by using secondary distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively at 8000-10000 rpm/min, and drying in vacuum and storing in a sealed manner to obtain Cu seed crystals;
(2) taking the Cu seed crystal in the step (1), transferring the Cu seed crystal into a mixed aqueous solution of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and potassium bromide, and dripping an aqueous solution of potassium chloropalladite and ferric chloride into the mixed solution; dripping a glycol solution of sodium hydroxide into the mixed solution, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 9.5-10, quickly mixing the solutions, and heating the solution in an oil bath kettle to the temperature of 80-160 ℃ for reaction for 1-4 hours;
(3) naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifuging and washing for 2-3 times by using secondary distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively at 8000-10000 rpm/min to obtain the PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst for the fuel cell.
4. The surface-reconstituted PdFe/Cu nanoelectrocatalyst for a fuel cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step (1), the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride is 10-15 mg/mL, the concentration of potassium bromide is 3-5 mg/mL, the concentration of ethylene glycol solution of cupric chloride is 1.3-1.5 mg/mL, and the concentration of ethylene glycol solution of sodium hydroxide is 3-5 mg/mL.
5. The surface-reconstituted PdFe/Cu nanoelectrocatalyst for a fuel cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step (2), the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride is 3.5-3.6 mg/mL, the concentration of potassium bromide is 1.3-1.4 mg/mL, the concentration of Cu seed crystal is 0.02-0.03 mg/mL, the concentration of potassium chloropalladite in the mixed solution of potassium chloropalladite and ferric chloride is 1.3-1.4 mg/mL, the concentration of ferric chloride is 0.6-0.8, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide in ethylene glycol is 7-9 mg/mL.
6. The surface-reconstituted PdFe/Cu nanoelectrocatalyst for fuel cells according to claim 3, characterized in that potassium bromide is replaced with potassium iodide in steps (1) and (2); cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and potassium bromide are replaced by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.
7. Use of the PdFe/Cu electrocatalyst for fuel cells according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol.
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