CN114337375A - Passive radiator, thermoelectric power generation device and thermoelectric power generation system - Google Patents
Passive radiator, thermoelectric power generation device and thermoelectric power generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于新能源技术领域，提供一种被动散热器、温差发电装置和温差发电系统。在使用时，第一空腔内盛装冷却液，一级散热体接收来自热源的热量，冷却液升温，同时，一级散热体将冷却液的热量散发到环境中。当冷却液温度升高汽化后进入二级散热体的散热通道内，散热通道内的气体与空气换热降温液化，重新流回一级散热体的第一空腔内。当冷却液汽化速度较快时，一级散热体和二级散热体内的气压升高，此时，多余未冷却液化的气态冷却液进入膨胀体，第二空腔体积增大平衡气压，冷却液气体在膨胀体内冷却液化后通过散热通道流回第一空腔内。本发明提供的被动散热器散热效果较佳，解决了现有散热器散热效果差的问题。
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy and provides a passive radiator, a thermoelectric power generation device and a thermoelectric power generation system. When in use, the first cavity contains the cooling liquid, the primary radiator receives the heat from the heat source, the cooling liquid heats up, and at the same time, the primary radiator dissipates the heat of the cooling liquid to the environment. When the temperature of the cooling liquid rises and vaporizes, it enters the heat dissipation channel of the secondary heat sink, and the gas in the heat dissipation channel exchanges heat with the air to cool down and liquefy, and then flows back into the first cavity of the first heat sink. When the vaporization rate of the cooling liquid is fast, the air pressure in the primary radiator and the secondary radiator increases. At this time, the excess uncooled and liquefied gaseous cooling liquid enters the expansion body, and the volume of the second cavity increases to balance the air pressure, and the cooling liquid After the gas is cooled and liquefied in the expansion body, it flows back into the first cavity through the heat dissipation channel. The passive radiator provided by the invention has better heat dissipation effect and solves the problem of poor heat dissipation effect of the existing radiator.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及新能源技术领域，尤其涉及一种被动散热器、温差发电装置和温差发电系统。The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a passive radiator, a thermoelectric power generation device and a thermoelectric power generation system.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，工业全球化的进程逐渐加快加深，能源问题逐渐得到更多的关注与重视。温差发电技术作为一种新能源技术，由于其稳定便携、不会产生振动、噪音与其他污染等优点走进人们的视野。In recent years, the process of industrial globalization has gradually accelerated and deepened, and energy issues have gradually received more attention and attention. As a new energy technology, thermoelectric power generation technology has entered people's field of vision because of its advantages of stability and portability, no vibration, noise and other pollution.
温差发电是一种将热能直接转化为电能的能量转换技术。它已被应用于诸多领域，如汽车发动机、内燃机、由体温驱动的便携式设备和个人热管理设备等。典型的温差发电装置由热电转换模块、热源和冷端散热器组成。热电转换效率主要取决于热电材料和器件的性能。Thermoelectric power generation is an energy conversion technology that directly converts thermal energy into electrical energy. It has been used in many fields, such as automotive engines, internal combustion engines, portable devices powered by body temperature, and personal thermal management devices. A typical thermoelectric power generation device consists of a thermoelectric conversion module, a heat source and a cold-end radiator. Thermoelectric conversion efficiency mainly depends on the performance of thermoelectric materials and devices.
半导体温差发电技术的发电效率受限于温差发电材料的无量纲优值ZT，即材料的热电转换效率，基本维持在10％左右，因此可通过改变两端的温差大小以及结构来提高发电效率。热端往往是比较固定且稳定的，取决于热源的热量，例如工厂管道余热的再次利用等，因此，要增大温差只能提高冷端的散热性能。The power generation efficiency of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation technology is limited by the dimensionless figure of merit ZT of the thermoelectric power generation material, that is, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the material, which is basically maintained at about 10%. Therefore, the power generation efficiency can be improved by changing the size and structure of the temperature difference between the two ends. The hot end is often relatively fixed and stable, depending on the heat of the heat source, such as the reuse of waste heat from factory pipes, etc. Therefore, increasing the temperature difference can only improve the heat dissipation performance of the cold end.
工业中常用的冷端散热方式有主动散热和被动散热两种方式。利用主动散热方式的温差发电技术需要将大部分电能用于散热器，实际输出电能较少，可能无法达到实际需求。被动散热虽不会产生额外的电能损耗，但是现有的被动散热器的散热效果有限。There are two methods of cooling the cold end commonly used in the industry: active cooling and passive cooling. The thermoelectric power generation technology using the active cooling method needs to use most of the electric energy for the radiator, and the actual output electric energy is less, which may not meet the actual demand. Although passive heat dissipation does not generate additional power loss, the heat dissipation effect of the existing passive heat sink is limited.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提供一种被动散热器、温差发电装置和温差发电系统，用以解决现有技术中被动散热器散热效果差的缺陷，无需外部动力源驱动冷却液流动，不会产生现有散热器的电能损耗问题，同时又可取得良好的散热效果。The invention provides a passive radiator, a thermoelectric power generation device and a thermoelectric power generation system, which are used to solve the defect of the poor heat dissipation effect of the passive radiator in the prior art, without the need for an external power source to drive the flow of cooling liquid, and will not cause the problem of the existing radiator. The problem of power loss, and at the same time, a good heat dissipation effect can be achieved.
本发明提供一种被动散热器，包括：The present invention provides a passive radiator, comprising:
一级散热体，所述一级散热体用于接收热源的热量，所述一级散热体内设置有用于容纳冷却液的第一空腔；a first-stage heat sink, the first-stage heat-dissipating body is used for receiving heat from a heat source, and a first cavity for accommodating the cooling liquid is arranged in the first-stage heat-dissipating body;
二级散热体，所述二级散热体内设置有散热通道，所述散热通道的底端设置在所述一级散热体的顶端，且所述散热通道与所述第一空腔连通；a secondary radiator, wherein a radiating channel is arranged in the secondary radiator, the bottom end of the radiating channel is arranged on the top end of the primary radiating body, and the radiating channel is communicated with the first cavity;
膨胀体，所述膨胀体设置在所述二级散热体的顶端，所述膨胀体内设置有第二空腔，且所述第二空腔与所述散热通道连通。An expansion body, the expansion body is arranged at the top end of the secondary heat sink, a second cavity is arranged in the expansion body, and the second cavity communicates with the heat dissipation channel.
根据本发明提供的一种被动散热器，所述一级散热体为容器。According to a passive heat sink provided by the present invention, the primary heat sink is a container.
根据本发明提供的一种被动散热器，所述容器的顶端设置有第一通孔，所述散热通道的底端与所述第一通孔连通。According to the passive heat sink provided by the present invention, the top end of the container is provided with a first through hole, and the bottom end of the heat dissipation channel is communicated with the first through hole.
根据本发明提供的一种被动散热器，所述二级散热体为散热盘管。According to a passive heat sink provided by the present invention, the secondary heat sink is a heat dissipation coil.
根据本发明提供的一种被动散热器，所述一级散热体的底端用于接收所述热源的热量。According to a passive heat sink provided by the present invention, the bottom end of the primary heat sink is used to receive the heat of the heat source.
根据本发明提供的一种被动散热器，所述一级散热体和所述二级散热体均为金属材质。According to the passive radiator provided by the present invention, the primary radiator and the secondary radiator are both made of metal.
根据本发明提供的一种被动散热器，所述一级散热体和所述二级散热体的材质为铝。According to the passive radiator provided by the present invention, the material of the primary radiator and the secondary radiator is aluminum.
本发明还提供一种温差发电装置，包括热电转换装置、电路板和如以上任一项所述的被动散热器，所述热电转换装置的冷端与所述一级散热体连接，所述热电转换装置的热端用于与热源接触，所述电路板与所述热电转换装置电连接。The present invention also provides a thermoelectric power generation device, comprising a thermoelectric conversion device, a circuit board and the passive heat sink according to any one of the above, wherein the cold end of the thermoelectric conversion device is connected to the primary heat sink, and the thermoelectric conversion device is connected to the primary heat sink. The hot end of the conversion device is used for contacting with the heat source, and the circuit board is electrically connected with the thermoelectric conversion device.
根据本发明提供的一种温差发电装置，所述电路板包括稳压电路、充电电路和分流电路，所述电路板包括稳压电路、充电电路和分流电路，所述稳压电路的输入端与所述热电转换装置的输出端连接，所述稳压电路的输出端与所述充电电路的输入端连接，所述分流电路的输入端与所述充电电路的输出端连接，所述分流电路的输出端用于与用电器和\或充电电池连接。According to a thermoelectric power generation device provided by the present invention, the circuit board includes a voltage stabilizing circuit, a charging circuit and a shunt circuit, the circuit board includes a voltage stabilizing circuit, a charging circuit and a shunt circuit, and the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to The output terminal of the thermoelectric conversion device is connected, the output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is connected to the input terminal of the charging circuit, the input terminal of the shunt circuit is connected to the output terminal of the charging circuit, and the output terminal of the shunt circuit is connected to the output terminal of the charging circuit. The outputs are used for connection to electrical consumers and/or rechargeable batteries.
本发明还提供一种温差发电系统，包括热源、导热片和如以上所述的温差发电装置，所述导热片设置在所述热源与所述热电转换装置的热端之间。The present invention also provides a thermoelectric power generation system, comprising a heat source, a heat-conducting sheet and the above-mentioned thermoelectric power generation device, wherein the heat-conducting sheet is arranged between the heat source and the hot end of the thermoelectric conversion device.
本发明提供的被动散热器，包括一级散热体、二级散热体和膨胀体。一级散热体内设置有用于容纳冷却液的第一空腔，且一级散热体用于接收热源的热量。二级散热体内设置有散热通道，散热通道的底端设置在一级散热体的顶端，且散热通道与第一空腔连通。膨胀体设置在二级散热体的顶端，膨胀体内设置有第二空腔，第二空腔与散热通道连通。使用时，第一空腔内盛装冷却液，一级散热体接收来自热源的热量，冷却液升温，同时，一级散热体将冷却液的热量散发到环境中。当冷却液温度升高汽化后进入二级散热体的散热通道内，二级散热体的外壁与空气充分接触，散热通道内的气体与空气换热降温液化，重新流回一级散热体的第一空腔内。当热源温度较高，冷却液汽化速度较快时，一级散热体和二级散热体内的气压升高，此时，多余未冷却液化的气态冷却液进入膨胀体，第二空腔体积增大平衡气压，冷却液气体在膨胀体内冷却液化后通过散热通道流回第一空腔内。本发明提供的被动散热器散热无需外部动力源驱动冷却液流动，不会产生现有散热器的电能损耗问题，同时又可取得良好的散热效果，解决了现有散热器散热效果差的问题。The passive radiator provided by the present invention includes a primary radiator, a secondary radiator and an expansion body. The primary radiator body is provided with a first cavity for accommodating the cooling liquid, and the primary radiator body is used to receive the heat of the heat source. The secondary radiator body is provided with a radiating channel, the bottom end of the radiating channel is arranged on the top end of the primary radiating body, and the radiating channel is communicated with the first cavity. The expansion body is arranged at the top end of the secondary heat sink, and the expansion body is provided with a second cavity, which is communicated with the heat dissipation channel. When in use, the first cavity is filled with cooling liquid, the primary radiator receives the heat from the heat source, the cooling liquid heats up, and at the same time, the primary radiator dissipates the heat of the cooling liquid to the environment. When the temperature of the cooling liquid rises and vaporizes, it enters the heat dissipation channel of the secondary heat sink, the outer wall of the second heat sink is fully contacted with the air, and the gas in the heat dissipation channel exchanges heat with the air to cool down and liquefy, and flow back to the second heat sink of the first heat sink. in a cavity. When the temperature of the heat source is high and the vaporization rate of the cooling liquid is fast, the air pressure in the primary radiator and the secondary radiator increases. At this time, the excess uncooled and liquefied gaseous coolant enters the expansion body, and the volume of the second cavity increases. After balancing the air pressure, the cooling liquid gas flows back into the first cavity through the heat dissipation channel after being cooled and liquefied in the expansion body. The passive radiator provided by the invention does not need an external power source to drive the cooling liquid to flow, and does not cause the problem of electric power loss of the existing radiator, and at the same time, it can achieve good heat dissipation effect and solve the problem of poor heat dissipation effect of the existing radiator.
进一步，本发明提供的温差发电装置和温差发电系统，由于具有如上所述的被动散热器，因此，具有与如上所述相同的优势。Further, the thermoelectric power generation device and the thermoelectric power generation system provided by the present invention have the same advantages as the above-mentioned passive heat sinks.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are the For some embodiments of the invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.
图1是本发明提供的温差发电装置结构图；1 is a structural diagram of a thermoelectric power generation device provided by the present invention;
附图标记：Reference number:
100：一级散热体；200：二级散热体；300：膨胀体；400：温差发电片。100: primary radiator; 200: secondary radiator; 300: expansion body; 400: thermoelectric power generation sheet.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明中的附图，对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention. , not all examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
下面结合图1描述本发明的被动散热器、温差发电装置和温差发电系统。The passive radiator, thermoelectric power generation device and thermoelectric power generation system of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 .
本发明提供一种被动散热器，包括一级散热体100、二级散热体200和膨胀体300。The present invention provides a passive radiator, which includes a
一级散热体100内设置有第一空腔，使用时，第一空腔内盛装冷却液，冷却液可以为酒精、水或者其他沸点较低的无毒液体，冷却液根据热源温度选取。一级散热体100可通过热传导或热辐射的方式接收来自热源的热量，冷却液用于吸收热量，并通过一级散热体100将热量散发到环境中。The
在本发明的一个实施例中，上述的散热体可以为容器，容器可以为圆柱体形容器，内部中空，中空部为第一空腔，用于盛装冷却液。在容器的顶部可以设置一个第一通孔，第一通孔用于与二级散热体200的散热通道连通，当冷却液升温汽化后，气体可通过第一通孔进入二级散热体200的散热通道。In an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned heat sink may be a container, and the container may be a cylindrical container with a hollow interior, and the hollow portion is a first cavity for containing cooling liquid. A first through hole may be provided at the top of the container, and the first through hole is used to communicate with the heat dissipation channel of the
或者容器的底部可以敞开，使冷却液直接与热源进行接触。Or the bottom of the container can be open to allow the cooling liquid to come into direct contact with the heat source.
为增强一级散热体100的散热性能，一级散热体100可以使用金属材质，优选的实施方式为使用铝材。In order to enhance the heat dissipation performance of the
二级散热体200可以为散热盘管，散热盘管内的通道即为散热通道，散热通道的底端与容器的顶端固定，且散热通道的底端与第一通孔连通。当冷却液温度升高汽化后，气体经第一通孔进入散热通道，在散热通道内，气体与室外空气进行换热，气体冷却液化，通过散热通道重新流回一级散热体100的第一空腔内，形成换热循环。The
为增强二级散热体200的散热性能，二级散热体200可以使用金属材质，优选的实施方式为使用铝材。In order to enhance the heat dissipation performance of the
在使用时，容器的第一空腔内装有冷却液，例如冷却液可以为水。容器的底端用于接收来自热源的热量，或者水直接与热源接触吸热，接收热量后，冷却液升温，冷却液通过容器的外壁与外部空气进行换热，将热量传递到空气中，如此，容器实现了将热源的热量散发到环境的效果，降低热源的温度。When in use, the first cavity of the container is filled with a cooling liquid, for example, the cooling liquid can be water. The bottom end of the container is used to receive the heat from the heat source, or the water directly contacts the heat source to absorb heat. After receiving the heat, the cooling liquid heats up, and the cooling liquid exchanges heat with the outside air through the outer wall of the container, and transfers the heat to the air, so , the container realizes the effect of dissipating the heat of the heat source to the environment and reduces the temperature of the heat source.
进一步，冷却液吸收足够热量后发生汽化，例如水汽化后形成水蒸气，经容器顶部的第一通孔进入散热盘管的散热通道内，散热盘管的外壁与空气充分接触，水蒸气与低温的散热盘管接触后冷却液化，液化成后重新流回第一空腔内，形成换热循环。Further, the cooling liquid vaporizes after absorbing enough heat. For example, water vaporizes to form water vapor, which enters the cooling channel of the cooling coil through the first through hole at the top of the container. The cooling coils are cooled and liquefied after contacting, and after liquefaction, they flow back into the first cavity to form a heat exchange cycle.
更进一步，当热源温度较高，导致冷却液升温较快，打破被动散热器内部的压力平衡时，在盘管内未完成液化的水蒸气进入膨胀体300内，由于压力增大，膨胀体300的第二空腔体积增大，平衡被动散热器内部的压力，防止发生破裂。水蒸气进入膨胀体300后可进行进一步冷却液化，液化后通过散热通道和第一通孔重新回到第一空腔内。Furthermore, when the temperature of the heat source is high, the cooling liquid heats up faster, and the pressure balance inside the passive radiator is broken, and the water vapor that has not been liquefied in the coil enters the
本发明提供的被动散热器，无需外部动力源驱动冷却液流动，不会产生现有散热器的电能损耗问题，同时又取得了良好的散热效果。The passive radiator provided by the present invention does not require an external power source to drive the cooling liquid to flow, does not cause the problem of electric energy loss of the existing radiator, and at the same time achieves a good heat dissipation effect.
本发明还提供一种温差发电装置，该温差发电装置可对工厂管道中的无线监测设备等用电器进行供电，降低更换无线监测设备供电电池的成本。The invention also provides a thermoelectric power generation device, which can supply power to electrical appliances such as wireless monitoring equipment in factory pipelines, thereby reducing the cost of replacing the power supply battery of the wireless monitoring equipment.
本发明提供的温差发电装置包括热电转换装置、电路板和以上所述的被动散热器。The thermoelectric power generation device provided by the present invention includes a thermoelectric conversion device, a circuit board and the above-mentioned passive radiator.
热电转换装置可以为温差发电片400，温差发电片400可以使用现有的温差发电片400，尺寸可以为55*55*3mm。使用时，温差发电片400的冷端可以与一级散热体100连接，温差发电片400的热端可用于与工厂管道接触。电路板与温差发电片400连接，用于将温差发电片400产生的电能供给给用电器和可充电电池，用电器可以为工厂管道中的无线监测设备，换言之，温差发电片400产生的电能可直接为用电器供电，也可将其输入到可充电电池内，再由可充电电池对用电器进行供电。The thermoelectric conversion device can be a thermoelectric
温差发电片400与一级散热体100之间可以使用耐高温的胶水连接。The thermoelectric
本发明提供的温差发电装置，由于设置有如上所述的被动散热器，使热电转换装置的冷端散热速率更快，从而提高热电转换装置的发电性能。The thermoelectric power generation device provided by the present invention is provided with the above-mentioned passive heat sink, so that the heat dissipation rate of the cold end of the thermoelectric conversion device is faster, thereby improving the power generation performance of the thermoelectric conversion device.
在本发明的一个实施例中，上述的电路板可以包括稳压电路、充电电路和分流电路，稳压电路的输入端与温差发电片400的输出端连接，稳压电路的输出端与充电电路连接，稳压电路可为充电电路提供稳定的电流输入。充电电路的输出端与分流电路的输入端连接，分流电路的各个输出端分别与多个用电器以及可充电电池进行连接，温差发电片400产生的电能可通过稳压电路、充电电路和分流电路直接为用电器供电，也可将其输入到可充电电池内，再由可充电电池对用电器进行供电。。In one embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned circuit board may include a voltage stabilizer circuit, a charging circuit and a shunt circuit, the input end of the voltage stabilizer circuit is connected to the output end of the
本发明还提供一种温差发电系统，包括热源、导热片和以上所述的温差发电装置。当该温差发电装置应用在工厂管道时，热源即为工厂管道。导热片可以为铝制导热薄片，设置在温差发电片400的热端和工厂管道之间，铝制导热薄片用于收集工厂管道中流体的热量，从而传导至温差发电片400的热端，铝制导热薄片的形状尺寸可根据实际热源的形状尺寸进行相应调整。铝制导热薄片与温差发电片400之间可以涂抹导热硅脂并使用螺丝进行固定。The present invention also provides a thermoelectric power generation system, comprising a heat source, a heat-conducting sheet and the above-mentioned thermoelectric power generation device. When the thermoelectric power generation device is applied to a factory pipeline, the heat source is the factory pipeline. The heat-conducting sheet can be an aluminum heat-conducting sheet, which is arranged between the hot end of the thermoelectric
本发明提供的温差发电系统，由于具有如上所述的温差发电装置，因此也同样具有如上所述的被动散热器，进而同样具有散热效率高的效果。Since the thermoelectric power generation system provided by the present invention has the above-mentioned thermoelectric power generation device, it also has the above-mentioned passive radiator, and also has the effect of high heat dissipation efficiency.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it can still be The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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