CN1142825C - 制备聚醚多元醇的双金属氰化物催化剂 - Google Patents
制备聚醚多元醇的双金属氰化物催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1142825C CN1142825C CNB998105112A CN99810511A CN1142825C CN 1142825 C CN1142825 C CN 1142825C CN B998105112 A CNB998105112 A CN B998105112A CN 99810511 A CN99810511 A CN 99810511A CN 1142825 C CN1142825 C CN 1142825C
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- Prior art keywords
- dmc catalysts
- catalyst
- iii
- catalyzer
- polyether glycol
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- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Br-].[Br-] GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004232 linoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002969 oleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004274 stearic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003487 xylose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dibenzoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于通过将环氧烷加聚到含有活性氢原子的起动化合物上来制备聚醚多元醇的新型双金属氰化物催化剂。该催化剂包含a)双金属氰化物化合物,b)不同于c)的有机配合物配位体,和c)多元醇的羧酸酯。本发明催化剂在制备聚醚多元醇中的活性程度显著提高。
Description
本发明涉及用于通过将环氧烷加聚到含有活性氢原子的起动化合物上来制备聚醚多元醇的新型双金属氰化物(DMC)催化剂。
将环氧烷加聚到含有活性氢原子的起动化合物上的双金属氰化物(DMC)催化剂是已知的(见例如US 3 404 109,US 3 829 505,US 3941 849和US 5 158 922)。与通过碱金属催化剂如碱金属氢氧化物制备聚醚多元醇的传统方法相比,使用这些DMC催化剂制备聚醚多元醇可特别使带有端基双键的单官能团聚醚即所谓的单醇的比例减少。这样得到的聚醚多元醇可加工成高质量的聚氨酯(例如弹性体、泡沫塑料、涂料)。DMC催化剂通常是通过使金属盐水溶液与金属氰化物盐水溶液在有机配合物配位体如醚存在下反应而获得的。例如在一个典型的催化剂制备方法中,将氯化锌水溶液(过量)与六氰基高钴酸(hexacyanocobaltate)钾混合,并随后向形成的悬浮液中加入二甲氧基乙烷(甘醇二甲醚)。过滤并用甘醇二甲醚水溶液洗涤催化剂后,得到具有通式
Zn3[Co(CN)6]2·x ZnCl2·yH2O·z甘醇二甲醚的活性催化剂(见例如EP 700 949)。
从JP 4 145 123,US 5 470 813,EP 700 949,EP 743 093,EP 761708和WO 97/40086已知存在通过使用叔丁醇作为有机配合物配位体(单独或与聚醚联用(EP 700 949,EP 761 708,WO 97/40086))进一步降低制备聚醚多元醇时带有端基双键的单官能聚醚比例的DMC催化剂。
而且,使用这些DMC催化剂减少了含有适当起动化合物的环氧烷加聚反应的诱导期并提高了催化剂的活性。
本发明的目的是提供用于将环氧烷加聚到适当起动化合物上的可利用的进一步改进的DMC催化剂,该催化剂与迄今已知的催化剂类型相比显示了提高的催化剂活性。通过缩短烷氧化时间,使得制备聚醚多元醇的方法在经济上得到改进。理想情况下,活性提高的结果可使随后使用的催化剂浓度(25ppm或更低)低到不必再耗费巨资分离催化剂和产物而可直接使用该产物制备聚氨酯。
现已令人惊讶地发现包含多元醇羧酸酯作为配合物配位体的DMC催化剂在制备聚醚多元醇时具有显著提高的活性。
因此,本发明提供了一种双金属氰化物(DMC)催化剂,它包含
a)一种或多种、优选一种双金属氰化物化合物,
b)一种或多种、优选一种c)以外的有机配合物配位体,和
c)一种或多种、优选一种多元醇羧酸酯。
本发明的催化剂可任选地包含d)水,优选1-10wt.%,和/或e)一种或多种从制备双金属氰化物化合物a)得到的式(I)M(X)n的水溶性金属盐,优选5-25wt.%。在式(I)中,M选自金属Zn(II),Fe(II),Ni(II),Mn(II),Co(II),Sn(II),Pb(II),Fe(III),Mo(IV),Mo(VI),Al(III),V(V),V(IV),Sr(II),W(IV),W(VI),Cu(II)和Cr(III)。Zn(II),Fe(II),Co(II)和Ni(II)是特别优选的。取代基X是相同或不同的,优选为相同的,并且代表一个阴离子,优选选自卤离子、氢氧根离子、硫酸根、碳酸根、氰酸根、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、异硫氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根和硝酸根。n值为1,2或3。
包含在本发明催化剂中的双金属氰化物化合物a)为水溶性金属盐与水溶性金属氰化物盐的反应产物。
适于制备双金属氰化物化合物a)的水溶性金属盐优选具有通式(I)M(X)n,其中M选自金属Zn(II),Fe(II),Ni(II),Mn(II),Co(II),Sn(II),Pb(II),Fe(III),Mo(IV),Mo(VI),Al(III),V(V),V(IV),Sr(II),W(IV),W(VI),Cu(II)和Cr(III)。Zn(II),Fe(II),Co(II)和Ni(II)是特别优选的。取代基X是相同或不同的,优选为相同的,并且代表一个阴离子,优选选自卤离子、氢氧离子、硫酸根、碳酸根、氰酸根、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、异硫氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根和硝酸根。n值为1,2或3。
适宜水溶性金属盐的实例为氯化锌、溴化锌、乙酸锌、乙酰丙酮锌、苯甲酸锌、硝酸锌、硫酸亚铁(II)、溴化亚铁(II)、氯化亚铁(II)、氯化钴(II)、硫氰酸钴(II)、氯化镍(II)和硝酸镍(II)。也可以使用各种水溶性金属盐的混合物。
适于制备双金属氰化物化合物a)的水溶性金属氰化物盐优选具有通式(II)(Y)aM’(CN)b(A)c,其中M’选自金属Fe(II),Fe(III),Co(II),Co(III),Cr(II),Cr(III),Mn(II),Mn(III),Ir(III),Ni(II),Rh(III),Ru(II),V(IV)和V(V)。M’特别选自金属Co(II),Co(III),Fe(II),Fe(III),Cr(III),Ir(III)和Ni(II)。水溶性金属氰化物盐可包含一个或多个这样的金属。取代基Y是相同或不同的,优选为相同的,并且代表一个碱金属离子或碱土金属离子。取代基A是相同或不同的,优选为相同的,并且代表一个选自卤离子、氢氧根离子、硫酸根、碳酸根、氰酸根、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、异硫氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根和硝酸根的阴离子。a以及b和c为整数,选择a,b和c的值使金属氰化物盐是电中性的;a优选为1,2,3或4;b优选为4,5或6;c优选具有0值。适宜水溶性金属氰化物盐的实例为六氰基高钴(III)酸钾、六氰基高铁(II)酸钾、六氰基高铁(III)酸钾、六氰基高钴(III)酸钙和六氰基高钴(III)酸锂。
包含在本发明催化剂中的优选双金属氰化物化合物a)为通式(III)的化合物
Mx[M’x,(CN)y]z
其中M如式(I)中所定义且
M’如式(II)中所定义并且
x,x’,y和z为整数并选择为使双金属氰化物化合物具有电中性。
优选
x=3,x’=1,y=6且z=2,
M=Zn(II),Fe(II),Co(II)或Ni(II)且
M’=Co(III),Fe(III),Cr(III)或Ir(III)。
适宜双金属氰化物化合物a)的实例为六氰基高钴(III)酸锌、六氰基铱(III)酸锌、六氰基高铁(III)酸锌和六氰基高钴(III)酸钴(II)。适宜双金属氰化物化合物的其它实例可见例如US 5 158 922(栏8,29-66行)。使用六氰基高钴(III)酸锌是特别优选的。
包含在本发明的DMC催化剂中的有机配合物配位体b)原则上是已知的并在现有技术中有详述(见例如US 5 158 922,特别是6栏,9-65行,US 3 404 109,US 3 829 505,US 3 941 849,EP 700 949,EP 761 708,JP 4 145 123,US 5 470 813,EP 743 093和WO97/40086)。优选的有机配合物配位体为含有杂原子如氧、氮、磷或硫的水溶性有机化合物,它们能够与双金属氰化物化合物a)形成配合物。适宜的有机配合物配位体为例如醇、醛、酮、醚、酯、酰胺、脲、腈、硫醚(sulfide)及其混合物。优选的有机配合物配位体为水溶性脂肪醇,如乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇和叔丁醇。叔丁醇是特别优选的。
有机配合物配位体在制备催化剂期间或一沉淀出双金属氰化物混合物a)后就加入。通常使用的有机配合物配位体是过量的。
本发明的DMC催化剂含有以成品催化剂量为基准用量为20-90wt.%,优选为25-80wt.%的双金属氰化物化合物a)和以成品催化剂量为基准用量为0.5-30wt.%,优选为1-25wt.%的有机配合物配位体b)。本发明的DMC催化剂通常含有以成品催化剂量为基准1-50wt.%,优选1-20wt.%的多元醇羧酸酯。
包含在本发明催化剂中的多元醇羧酸酯为例如C2-C30-羧酸与每分子中含有两个或多个羟基基团的脂肪醇或环脂醇如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、1,2,3-丙三醇(甘油)、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丁三醇、1,6-己二醇、1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、碳水化合物(糖类)或糖醇如山梨糖醇或脱水山梨糖醇的酯。适宜的糖为单糖如葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、果糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖或核糖,二糖如蔗糖或麦芽糖,及低聚糖或多糖如淀粉。
作为羧酸组分适合的有例如C2-C30-羧酸,如芳基-、芳烷基-和烷基-羧酸,优选芳烷基-和烷基-羧酸,特别是优选烷基羧酸,如乙酸、丁酸、异戊酸、己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸或亚麻酸。
优选使用的多元醇羧酸酯为1,2,3-丙三醇(甘油)、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、麦芽糖或脱水山梨糖醇与C2-C18-烷基羧酸的酯。
特别优选的多元醇羧酸酯为1,2,3-丙三醇(甘油)、季戊四醇或脱水山梨糖醇与C2-C18-烷基羧酸的单、二、三或四酯。
制备多元醇羧酸酯或与脂肪分离的方法一般是为人熟知的并且例如在“Kirk-Othmer,化学技术百科全书”,第9卷,第3版,1980,795及其后各页;“R_mpp,Lexikon Chemie”,1571页,第10版,Stuttgart/New York,1997;“Ullmann化工百科全书”,A10卷,第5版,1987,173-218页中有详述。
还可以使用任何希望的上述多元醇羧酸酯的混合物。多元醇可被相同的羧酸或彼此不同的羧酸酯化。
对催化剂组成的分析通常通过元素分析、热重分析或者通过由提取而除去多元醇羧酸酯物质、随后测定重量而进行。
本发明的催化剂可以是结晶的、部分结晶的或无定形的。结晶度的分析通常是通过粉末X射线衍射进行的。
优选本发明的催化剂包含
a)六氰基高钴(III)酸锌,
b)叔丁醇和
c)多元醇羧酸酯。
本发明DMC催化剂的制备通常是在水溶液中通过使α)金属盐、特别是式(I)的金属盐与金属氰化物盐、特别是式(II)的金属氰化物盐,β)多元醇羧酸酯以外的有机配合物配位体b),及γ)多元醇羧酸酯反应而进行的。
在制备过程中优选首先使金属盐(例如化学计量过量(以金属氰化物盐为基准至少50mol%)的氯化锌)水溶液与金属氰化物盐(例如六氰基高钴酸钾)的水溶液在有机配合物配位体b)(例如叔丁醇)存在下反应,由此形成包含双金属氰化物化合物a)(例如六氰基高钴酸锌)、水d)、过量金属盐e)和有机配合物配位体b)的悬浮液。
有机配合物配位体b)可存在于金属盐和/或金属氰化物盐的水溶液中,或直接加入到沉淀双金属氰化物化合物a)后得到的悬浮液中。已经证明通过剧烈搅拌将水溶液与有机配合物配位体b)混合是有利的。随后通常用多元醇羧酸酯c)处理形成的悬浮液。多元醇羧酸酯c)优选与水和有机配合物配位体b)混合使用。
随后用已知的技术如离心或过滤将催化剂与悬浮液分离。在一个优选的方法变种中,随后用有机配合物配位体b)的水溶液洗涤分离的催化剂(例如通过再悬浮并随后通过过滤或离心再次分离)。以这种方式可以从本发明的催化剂中除去例如水溶性副产物,如氯化钾。
以总溶液为基准,有机配合物配位体b)在洗涤水溶液中的量优选为40-80wt.%。而且,向洗涤水溶液中加入少量,优选以总溶液为基准0.5-5wt.%的多元醇羧酸酯是有利的。
洗涤催化剂一次以上也是有利的。为此,例如可重复第一步洗涤步骤。但是,优选使用非水性溶液,例如有机配合物配位体和多元醇羧酸酯的混合物进行进一步的洗涤步骤。
随后将洗过的、任选磨碎后的催化剂在温度一般为20-100℃而压力一般为0.1mbar至常压(1013mbar)下干燥。
本发明还涉及本发明的DMC催化剂在通过将环氧烷加聚到含有活性氢原子的起动化合物上来制备聚醚多元醇方法中的应用。
优选环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷及其混合物用作环氧烷。通过烷氧化反应合成聚醚链可以例如只用一种单体环氧化物或以无规或嵌段方式用2或3种不同的单体环氧化物进行。进一步的细节可见“Ullmanns Encyclop_die der industriellen Chemie”,英文版,1992,A21卷,670-671页。
分子量为18-2000并含有1-8个羟基基团的的化合物优选用作含有活性氢原子的起动化合物。可以例举的为:乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、己二醇、双酚A、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、蔗糖、降解的淀粉或水。
所用含有活性氢原子的起动化合物有利地为例如通过常规碱金属催化从上述低分子量起动物制备的化合物并且它们是分子量为200-2000的低聚烷氧化产物。
由本发明催化剂催化的环氧烷对含有活性氢原子的起动化合物的加聚反应一般是在20-200℃,优选40-180℃,特别优选是在50-150℃进行的。反应可在总压力为0-20bar下进行。加聚反应可不用溶剂或在惰性有机溶剂如甲苯和/或THF中进行。以待制备聚醚多元醇的量为基准,溶剂量通常为10-30wt.%。
催化剂浓度选择为可以在给定反应条件下良好控制加聚反应的浓度。以待制备聚醚多元醇的量为基准,催化剂浓度一般为0.0005-1wt.%,优选为0.001-0.1wt.%,特别优选为0.001-0.0025wt.%。
由本发明方法制备的聚醚多元醇的分子量为500-100000g/mol,优选为1000-50000g/mol,特别优选为2000-20000g/mol。
加聚反应可以连续或不连续,例如以分批或半分批方法进行。
由于其显著提高的活性,本发明的催化剂可以非常低的浓度(以待制备聚醚多元醇的量为基准,25ppm及以下)使用。如果在本发明催化剂存在下制备的聚醚多元醇用于制备聚氨酯(Kunstsoffhandbuch,第7卷,聚氨酯,第3版,1993,25-32和57-67页),则可以无需从聚醚多元醇中除去催化剂也不会对所得聚氨酯的产品质量造成不利影响。
下列实施例说明本发明而非旨在限制本发明。
实施例
催化剂制备
实施例A
使用三己酸甘油酯制备DMC催化剂(催化剂A)。
剧烈搅拌(24,000rpm)下将12.5g(91.5mmol)氯化锌在20ml蒸馏水中的溶液加入到4g(12mmol)六氰基高钴酸钾在70ml蒸馏水的溶液中。其后立即将50g叔丁醇和50g蒸馏水的混合物加入到形成的悬浮液中,并随后进行10分钟剧烈搅拌(24,000rpm)。然后加入1g三己酸甘油酯(Aldrich)、1g叔丁醇和100g蒸馏水的混合物,并进行3分钟搅拌(1000rpm)。通过过滤分离固体物质,然后与70g叔丁醇、30g蒸馏水和1g上述三己酸甘油酯的混合物搅拌10分钟(10,000rpm),并再次过滤。最后,再将混合物与100g叔丁醇和0.5g上述三己酸甘油酯的混合物搅拌10分钟(10,000rpm)。过滤后,在50℃和常压下干燥催化剂直至达到恒重。
干燥粉状催化剂产量:5.3g
元素分析、热重分析和提取:
钴=12.3%,锌=27.0%,叔丁醇=7.2%,三己酸甘油酯=3.7%实施例B
使用三辛酸甘油酯制备DMC催化剂(催化剂B)。
按照实施例A的步骤,但使用三辛酸甘油酯(Rilanit GTC_,Henkel)替代实施例A中的三己酸甘油酯。
干燥粉状催化剂产量:5.0g
元素分析、热重分析和提取:
钴=12.4%,锌=26.9%,叔丁醇=8.6%,三辛酸甘油酯=8.4%实施例C
使用四辛酸季戊四醇酯制备DMC催化剂(催化剂C)。
按照实施例A的步骤,但使用四辛酸季戊四醇酯(Rilanit PEC4_,Henkel)替代实施例A中的三已酸甘油酯。
干燥粉状催化剂产量:4.0g
元素分析、热重分析和提取:
钴=13.8%,锌=28.6%,叔丁醇=9.9%,四辛酸季戊四醇酯=8.6%实施例D(对比例)
使用叔丁醇但不使用多元醇羧酸酯制备DMC催化剂(催化剂D,根据JP 4 145 123合成)。
剧烈搅拌(24,000rpm)下将10g(73.3mmol)氯化锌在15ml蒸馏水中的溶液加入到4g(12mmol)六氰基高钴酸钾在75ml蒸馏水中的溶液中。其后立即将50g叔丁醇和50g蒸馏水的混合物加入到形成的悬浮液中,并随后进行10分钟剧烈搅拌(24,000rpm)。通过过滤分离固体物质,然后与125g叔丁醇和蒸馏水(70/30;w/w)混合物搅拌10分钟(10,000rpm),并再次过滤。最后,再将混合物与125g叔丁醇搅拌10分钟(10,000rpm)。过滤后,在50℃和常压下干燥催化剂直至达到恒重。
干燥粉状催化剂产量:3.08g
元素分析:
钴=13.6%,锌=27.4%,叔丁醇=14.2%聚醚多元醇的制备 一般步骤
搅拌下将50g聚丙二醇起动物(分子量=1000g/mol)和3-5mg催化剂(以待制备聚醚多元醇量为基准,15-25ppm)在保护气(氩)下放入到500ml高压反应器中并加热到105℃。随后一次计量加入环氧丙烷(约5g)直至总压力升至2.5bar。然后不再另外计量加入环氧丙烷直至观察到反应器中的压力快速下降。压力快速下降表明催化剂已被活化。随后以2.5bar的恒定总压力连续计量加入剩余的环氧丙烷。当环氧丙烷的计量加入结束并随后在105℃反应2小时后,在90℃(1mbar)蒸掉挥发性部分并随后冷却至室温。
通过测定OH值、双键含量和粘度来表征所得聚醚多元醇。
通过时间-转化率曲线(环氧丙烷消耗量[g]对反应时间[min])监测反应进展。由时间-转化率曲线最陡峭点切线与曲线延长基线的交点确定诱导时间。对催化剂活性具有决定性重要性的丙氧基化时间对应于催化剂活化(诱导时间末端)和环氧丙烷计量加入终点之间的时间间隔。总反应时间为诱导时间和丙氧基化时间的总和。实施例1
使用催化剂A(15ppm)制备聚醚多元醇
诱导时间: 210min
丙氧基化时间: 275min
总反应时间: 485min
聚醚多元醇:OH值(mg KOH/g): 29.8
双键含量(mmol/kg): 6
25℃粘度(mPas): 965
未除去催化剂,多元醇中金属含量为:Zn=4ppm,Co=2ppm。实施例2
使用催化剂B(25ppm)制备聚醚多元醇
诱导时间: 180min
丙氧基化时间: 115min
总反应时间: 295min
聚醚多元醇:0H值(mg KOH/g): 29.6
双键含量(mmol/kg): 9
25℃粘度(mPas): 914实施例3
使用催化剂C(25ppm)制备聚醚多元醇
诱导时间: 130min
丙氧基化时间: 145min
总反应时间: 275min
聚醚多元醇:OH值(mg KOH/g): 29.4
双键含量(mmol/kg): 9
25℃粘度(mPas): 917对比例4
催化剂D(15ppm)在上述反应条件下不显示活性。
实施例1-3显示,由于其在制备聚醚多元醇时活性显著提高,本发明的新型DMC催化剂可以以无需从多元醇中分离的低浓度使用。
Claims (7)
1.双金属氰化物催化剂,包含
a)一种或多种双金属氰化物化合物,
b)叔丁醇,和
c)一种或多种1,2,3-丙三醇、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、麦芽糖或脱水山梨糖醇与C2-C18-烷基羧酸的羧酸酯。
2.权利要求1的双金属氰化物催化剂,另外包括d)水和/或e)水溶性金属盐。
3.权利要求1或2的双金属氰化物催化剂,其中双金属氰化物化合物为六氰基高钴(III)酸锌。
4.权利要求1的双金属氰化物催化剂,其中所述多元醇羧酸酯为含有2-18个碳原子的烷基羧酸与1,2,3-丙三醇的单、二或三酯或与季戊四醇或脱水山梨糖醇的单、二、三或四酯。
5.制备权利要求1的双金属氰化物催化剂的方法,包括下列步骤:
i)在水溶液中使下列物质反应:
α)金属盐和金属氰化物盐,
β)叔丁醇,及
γ)1,2,3-丙三醇、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、麦芽糖或脱水山梨糖醇与C2-C18-烷基羧酸的羧酸酯,
ii)分离、洗涤并干燥步骤i)中所得的催化剂。
6.制备聚醚多元醇的方法,它是在一种或多种权利要求1的双金属氰化物催化剂存在下,通过环氧烷对含有活性氢原子的起动化合物加聚来进行的。
7.权利要求1的双金属氰化物催化剂在通过环氧烷对含有活性氢原子的起动化合物加聚来制备聚醚多元醇的应用。
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US5627120A (en) | 1996-04-19 | 1997-05-06 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Highly active double metal cyanide catalysts |
US5714428A (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 1998-02-03 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Double metal cyanide catalysts containing functionalized polymers |
JP2001519468A (ja) * | 1997-10-13 | 2001-10-23 | バイエル・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | ポリエーテルポリオールを製造するための結晶質複金属シアン化物触媒 |
DE19842382A1 (de) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-03-23 | Bayer Ag | Doppelmetallcyanid-Katalysatoren für die Herstellung von Polyetherpolyolen |
-
1998
- 1998-09-16 DE DE19842383A patent/DE19842383A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-09-03 JP JP2000569916A patent/JP2002524249A/ja active Pending
- 1999-09-03 US US09/787,130 patent/US6608231B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-03 AU AU58593/99A patent/AU5859399A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-03 KR KR1020017003359A patent/KR100602046B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-03 AT AT99946105T patent/ATE264714T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-03 HU HU0103774A patent/HUP0103774A3/hu unknown
- 1999-09-03 PT PT99946105T patent/PT1115490E/pt unknown
- 1999-09-03 EP EP99946105A patent/EP1115490B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-03 CA CA002343818A patent/CA2343818A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-03 WO PCT/EP1999/006474 patent/WO2000015337A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1999-09-03 ID IDW20010605A patent/ID27993A/id unknown
- 1999-09-03 DE DE59909252T patent/DE59909252D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-03 ES ES99946105T patent/ES2217807T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-03 BR BR9913704-6A patent/BR9913704A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-03 CN CNB998105112A patent/CN1142825C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2002
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2217807T3 (es) | 2004-11-01 |
EP1115490B1 (de) | 2004-04-21 |
KR20010079833A (ko) | 2001-08-22 |
DE59909252D1 (de) | 2004-05-27 |
AU5859399A (en) | 2000-04-03 |
DE19842383A1 (de) | 2000-03-23 |
CA2343818A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
JP2002524249A (ja) | 2002-08-06 |
EP1115490A1 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
ATE264714T1 (de) | 2004-05-15 |
HUP0103774A3 (en) | 2003-02-28 |
ID27993A (id) | 2001-05-03 |
CN1316919A (zh) | 2001-10-10 |
BR9913704A (pt) | 2001-06-05 |
KR100602046B1 (ko) | 2006-07-19 |
US6608231B1 (en) | 2003-08-19 |
WO2000015337A1 (de) | 2000-03-23 |
HK1040655A1 (en) | 2002-06-21 |
PT1115490E (pt) | 2004-08-31 |
HK1040655B (zh) | 2005-01-21 |
HUP0103774A2 (hu) | 2002-02-28 |
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