CN114181815B - Large-flow ambient air biological aerosol sampling device and method - Google Patents
Large-flow ambient air biological aerosol sampling device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-flow ambient air biological aerosol sampling device and a method, wherein the device comprises a shell, a water storage bottle, an ultrasonic atomization sheet, a cyclone sampler, a peristaltic pump, a centrifuge tube, a fan and a controller are arranged in the shell, the controller is respectively connected with the ultrasonic atomization sheet, the fan and the peristaltic pump through leads, and the controller is used for controlling the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomization sheet, the fan and the peristaltic pump; the cyclone sampler is directly connected with an air inlet pipeline, one end of the air inlet pipeline extends into the shell and is tangentially connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the cyclone sampler, and the other end of the air inlet pipeline extends out of the shell; the water storage bottle is fixed on the pipe wall of the air inlet pipeline of the sampler, is communicated with the air inlet pipeline and is in direct contact connection with the ultrasonic atomization sheet; the peristaltic pump comprises a driver, a pump head and a hose, the hose at the inlet end of the peristaltic pump is connected to the bottom of the cyclone sampler, and the hose at the outlet end of the peristaltic pump is connected with the centrifuge tube; the top of the cyclone sampler is connected with the fan through a sealing ring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological aerosol sampling, and particularly relates to a device and a method for sampling biological aerosol by using high-flow ambient air.
Background
Certain respiratory system related pathogenic microorganisms are transmitted in an air medium through droplets and aerosol, and the method brings great threat to human life and health. For public health and disease prevention and control, the biological aerosol in the ambient air is collected and evaluated to have the necessity and prevention and control early warning effect, but the biological aerosol in the ambient air has low concentration and rapid activity decay, which brings great challenges to biological aerosol sampling and subsequent detection and analysis. At present, a plurality of biological aerosol samplers are available, the most common is a low-flow sampler, which is represented by a six-level anderson sampler, and the biological aerosol is collected on the surface of a gel culture medium according to different particle sizes by utilizing the principle of inertial impact. Although this type of sampling method facilitates the culture analysis of pathogenic microorganisms, its solid collection medium cannot be used for rapid nucleic acid detection analysis. But the method has low sampling flow and is not suitable for rapidly collecting low-concentration biological aerosol in ambient air. In order to take the defect, a large-flow impact type sampler is taken as an example, and the sample flow of the sampler is increased to 100L/min by taking a Sidoris VWR sampler in Germany, so that low-concentration bioaerosol in ambient air can be rapidly collected, but the pathogen is still collected on the surface of a culture medium, so that the subsequent rapid nucleic acid analysis is not facilitated. In order to facilitate rapid nucleic acid analysis, there is a sampler for collecting biological aerosols in ambient air (such as PBS or deionized water), such as a liquid impact sampler represented by BioSampler from SKC corporation, which collects pathogenic microorganisms into a liquid, well preserves their activity, and facilitates subsequent nucleic acid detection and analysis, and thus the sampler is widely used. However, the sampling flow rate is 12.5L/min, and the sampling flow rate is small, so that low-concentration bioaerosols of the ambient air cannot be collected rapidly. Aerosol Devices have proposed a sampler (biosspot-VIVAS) that uses vapor condensation to condense and grow the bioaerosol, and then separate the bioaerosol from the sample, and this method, although having high collection efficiency, is not suitable for collecting bioaerosols with low concentration, but the sampling flow is only 8L/min. In order to overcome the defect, a large-flow wet wall cyclone sampler represented by a CORIOLIS MICRO sampler in the United states is invented, the sampling flow is 100-300L/min, a certain amount of liquid such as deionized water is added, and then the liquid is covered on the surface of the sampler under the centrifugal action by rotating air flow at a high speed, wherein the biological aerosol is collected in the liquid for subsequent analysis and detection. The disadvantage of this type of sampler is that the liquid is easily aerosolized twice during the sampler process and is lost by being carried away by the air flow. The same type of high-flow sampler also comprises a high-flow liquid sampler (WA-400) of tripod technology, and in order to prevent liquid from secondary aerosolization, liquid such as deionized water is arranged at the bottom end of the rotational flow sampling tube. Although this sampler reduces secondary aerosolization, the bioaerosol and liquid are not in sufficient contact and some of the bioaerosol remains on the inner wall of the swirl sampling tube and is not effectively trapped in the liquid. Therefore, the collection of the biological aerosol in the ambient air needs to adopt a large flow sampling to overcome the problem of low concentration, and the biological activity of the biological aerosol is kept by adopting a liquid sampling medium, but the two technical difficulties cannot be fully solved by the prior art.
How to provide a simple structure, portability, easy and simple to handle's biological aerosol sample thief realizes the large-traffic sampling on overcoming the low concentration's of biological aerosol in the ambient air difficulty basis to keep the activity of biological aerosol that gathers in order to follow-up microorganism culture analysis and nucleic acid detection analysis, has become the problem that needs to solve urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-flow ambient air biological aerosol sampling device, which comprises a shell 9, wherein a water storage bottle 3, an ultrasonic atomization sheet 2, a cyclone sampler 4, a peristaltic pump 6, a centrifuge tube 7, a fan 5 and a controller 8 are arranged in the shell 9,
the controller 8 is respectively connected with the ultrasonic atomizing sheet 2, the fan 5 and the peristaltic pump 6 through wires, and the controller 8 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomizing sheet 2, the fan 5 and the peristaltic pump 6;
the cyclone sampler 4 is directly connected with an air inlet pipeline 1, one end of the air inlet pipeline 1 extends into the shell 9 and is tangentially connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the cyclone sampler 4, and the other end extends out of the shell 9;
the water storage bottle 3 is fixed on the pipe wall of the air inlet pipeline 1 of the sampler, the water storage bottle 3 is communicated with the air inlet pipeline 1, and the water storage bottle 3 is in direct contact connection with the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2;
the peristaltic pump 6 comprises a driver, a pump head and a hose, the hose at the inlet end of the peristaltic pump 6 is connected to the bottom of the cyclone sampler 4, and the hose at the outlet end of the peristaltic pump 6 is connected with the centrifuge tube 7;
the top of the cyclone sampler 4 is connected with a fan 5 through a sealing ring.
Preferably, the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2 is a high-frequency resonance ceramic sheet or an ultrasonic atomization sheet combined with a porous screen and a screen plate.
Preferably, the water storage bottle 3 is a plastic or glass bottle with a certain volume, and the air inlet pipeline 1 is a common plastic pipe with a certain diameter.
Preferably, the cyclone sampler 4 has a cylindrical barrel at the upper end and a conical barrel at the lower end, the height of the cylindrical barrel is shorter, the height of the conical barrel is higher, and the cylindrical barrel and the conical barrel form a very steep cutting structure.
Preferably, the cyclone sampler 4 is integrally processed by 3D printing, and the cyclone sampler 4 is made of plastic or other materials.
Preferably, the fan 5 is a micro fan or a high-pressure fan.
Preferably, the controller 8 is a control circuit board containing a single-chip microcomputer.
Preferably, the centrifuge tube 7 is a polypropylene centrifuge tube or a centrifuge tube made of other materials commonly used for storing liquid samples in laboratories.
A method for sampling a large-flow ambient air bioaerosol, comprising the following steps:
step 1, pouring a certain amount of sterile deionized water into a water storage bottle 3 before sampling begins, and then starting an ultrasonic atomization sheet 2 to generate a large amount of micron-sized mist drops;
step 2, starting a fan 5, extracting a certain amount of ambient air to enter an air inlet pipeline 1 and pass through a fog drop zone, wherein biological aerosol collides with fog drops and is combined with the fog drops to enter a cyclone sampler 4;
step 3, under the action of centrifugal force, the environmental bioaerosol and fog drops are separated on the inner wall of the cyclone sampler 4 together, and then the fog drops form a liquid film to wash the bioaerosol to the bottom of the cyclone sampler 4;
step 4, after a certain amount of liquid is collected, a peristaltic pump 6 is started, and the liquid sample is transferred into a centrifuge tube 7 for subsequent analysis and detection.
Preferably, in step 2, the air volume provided by the fan 5 ranges from 28.3L/min to 1000L/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention discloses a large-flow biological aerosol sampling device for ambient air, which utilizes the principle of combining ultrasonic atomization and cyclone separation to collect bacteria, viruses and other biological aerosols in the ambient air, and atomized fog drops are not only beneficial to capturing the biological aerosols in the air, but also beneficial to maintaining the activity of the collected biological aerosols, and the collected solution sample is not only convenient for subsequent microorganism culture analysis, but also is convenient for nucleic acid detection analysis;
2) The invention discloses a large-flow ambient air biological aerosol sampling device and a large-flow ambient air biological aerosol sampling method, which are simple in structure, good in portability and simple and convenient to operate, are a sampler and a sampling method for efficiently collecting biological aerosols in ambient air, and can be used for public health safety, infectious disease prevention and control and biological aerosol research related work.
3) The invention discloses a large-flow ambient air biological aerosol sampling device, which uses larger flow for sampling, and overcomes the difficulty of low concentration of biological aerosol in ambient air;
4) The invention discloses a large-flow ambient air biological aerosol sampling method, in the sampling process, atomized fog drops collide with biological aerosol in the trapping environment on one hand, and meanwhile, a liquid film is formed on the inner wall surface of a cyclone sampler, so that a moist environment favorable for the activity of the biological aerosol is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large flow ambient air bioaerosol sampling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the air inlet pipeline of the large-flow ambient air bioaerosol sampling device and the cyclone sampler;
fig. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings are:
1-air inlet pipeline, 2-ultrasonic atomizing piece, 3-water storage bottle, 4-cyclone sampler, 5-fan, 6-peristaltic pump, 7-centrifuging tube, 8-controller, 9-shell.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiments described below, together with the words of orientation, are exemplary and intended to explain the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention.
In one broad embodiment of the invention, a high flow ambient air bioaerosol sampling device comprises a housing 9, wherein the housing 9 is provided with a water storage bottle 3, an ultrasonic atomizing sheet 2, a cyclone sampler 4, a peristaltic pump 6, a centrifuge tube 7, a fan 5 and a controller 8, wherein,
the controller 8 is respectively connected with the ultrasonic atomizing sheet 2, the fan 5 and the peristaltic pump 6 through wires, and the controller 8 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomizing sheet 2, the fan 5 and the peristaltic pump 6;
the cyclone sampler 4 is directly connected with an air inlet pipeline 1, one end of the air inlet pipeline 1 extends into the shell 9 and is tangentially connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the cyclone sampler 4, and the other end extends out of the shell 9;
the water storage bottle 3 is fixed on the pipe wall of the air inlet pipeline 1 of the sampler, the water storage bottle 3 is communicated with the air inlet pipeline 1, and the water storage bottle 3 is in direct contact connection with the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2;
the peristaltic pump 6 comprises a driver, a pump head and a hose, the hose at the inlet end of the peristaltic pump 6 is connected to the bottom of the cyclone sampler 4, and the hose at the outlet end of the peristaltic pump 6 is connected with the centrifuge tube 7;
the top of the cyclone sampler 4 is connected with a fan 5 through a sealing ring.
Preferably, the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2 is a high-frequency resonance ceramic sheet or an ultrasonic atomization sheet combined with a porous screen and a screen plate.
Preferably, the water storage bottle 3 is a plastic or glass bottle with a certain volume, and the air inlet pipeline 1 is a common plastic pipe with a certain diameter.
Preferably, the cyclone sampler 4 has a cylindrical barrel at the upper end and a conical barrel at the lower end, the height of the cylindrical barrel is shorter, the height of the conical barrel is higher, and the cylindrical barrel and the conical barrel form a very steep cutting structure.
Preferably, the cyclone sampler 4 is integrally processed by 3D printing, and the cyclone sampler 4 is made of plastic or other materials.
Preferably, the fan 5 is a micro fan or a high-pressure fan.
Preferably, the controller 8 is a control circuit board containing a single-chip microcomputer.
Preferably, the centrifuge tube 7 is a polypropylene centrifuge tube or a centrifuge tube made of other materials commonly used for storing liquid samples in laboratories.
A method for sampling a large-flow ambient air bioaerosol, comprising the following steps:
step 1, pouring a certain amount of sterile deionized water into a water storage bottle 3 before sampling begins, and then starting an ultrasonic atomization sheet 2 to generate a large amount of micron-sized mist drops;
step 2, starting a fan 5, extracting a certain amount of ambient air to enter an air inlet pipeline 1 and pass through a fog drop zone, wherein biological aerosol collides with fog drops and is combined with the fog drops to enter a cyclone sampler 4;
step 3, under the action of centrifugal force, the environmental bioaerosol and fog drops are separated on the inner wall of the cyclone sampler 4 together, and then the fog drops form a liquid film to wash the bioaerosol to the bottom of the cyclone sampler 4;
step 4, after a certain amount of liquid is collected, a peristaltic pump 6 is started, and the liquid sample is transferred into a centrifuge tube 7 for subsequent analysis and detection.
Preferably, in step 2, the air volume provided by the fan 5 ranges from 28.3L/min to 1000L/min.
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the biological aerosol sampling device for the high-flow ambient air comprises an air inlet pipeline 1, an ultrasonic atomization sheet 2, a water storage bottle 3, a cyclone sampler 4, a fan 5, a peristaltic pump 6, a centrifuge tube 7, a controller 8 and a shell 9. Fig. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of the air inlet pipeline 1 and the cyclone sampler 4, wherein the air inlet pipeline 1 is tangentially connected with the cylinder wall of the cyclone sampler 4.
Detailed description of the preferred embodimentsthis preferred embodiment: before sampling begins, a certain amount of sterile deionized water is poured into a water storage bottle 3, then an ultrasonic atomization sheet 2 is started, a large amount of micron-sized mist drops are generated, and then a fan 5 is started to extract ambient air. Ambient air enters through the air inlet pipeline 1, then passes through the fog drop zone, and the biological aerosol in the fog drop zone collides with fog drops and is combined with the fog drops to enter the cyclone sampler 4 together. The environmental bioaerosol is separated on the cylinder wall together with the mist drops under the action of centrifugal force, and then the mist drops form a liquid film to wash the bioaerosol to the bottom of the cyclone sampler 4. After a certain amount of liquid is collected, the controller 8 activates the peristaltic pump 6 to transfer the liquid sample into the centrifuge tube 7 for subsequent analytical testing.
In the preferred embodiment, the sterile deionized water in the water storage bottle 3 is about 200ml; the atomization frequency of the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2 is 1.7MHz, and the driving voltage is 5V; the driving voltage of the fan 5 is 24V, and the rated current is 1.3A; the flow of gas provided by the fan 5 is about 100L/min.
As shown in fig. 3, in the case where the sampling gas flow rate is 100L/min, when the atomizer is not turned on, the particle size of the collecting efficiency of 50% is 1.59 μm, i.e., all the bioaerosols larger than the particle size in the gas can be collected by the sampling device; under the condition of unchanged flow, the atomization function is started, and the particle size of 50% of the collection efficiency is reduced to 1.05 mu m, namely smaller biological aerosol can be collected by the sampling device. After 10 minutes of nebulization, the centrifuge tube 7 may collect about 10mL of liquid sample for subsequent analysis and detection.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The large-flow ambient air biological aerosol sampling device comprises a shell (9), and is characterized in that a water storage bottle (3), an ultrasonic atomization sheet (2), a cyclone sampler (4), a peristaltic pump (6), a centrifuge tube (7), a fan (5) and a controller (8) are arranged in the shell (9),
the controller (8) is respectively connected with the ultrasonic atomizing sheet (2), the fan (5) and the peristaltic pump (6) through wires, and the controller (8) is used for controlling the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomizing sheet (2), the fan (5) and the peristaltic pump (6);
the cyclone sampler (4) is directly connected with the air inlet pipeline (1), one end of the air inlet pipeline (1) stretches into the shell (9) and is tangentially connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the cyclone sampler (4), and the other end stretches out of the shell (9);
the water storage bottle (3) is fixed on the pipe wall of the air inlet pipeline (1) of the sampler, the water storage bottle (3) is communicated with the air inlet pipeline (1), and the water storage bottle (3) is in direct contact connection with the ultrasonic atomization sheet (2);
the peristaltic pump (6) comprises a driver, a pump head and a hose, the hose at the inlet end of the peristaltic pump (6) is connected to the bottom of the cyclone sampler (4), and the hose at the outlet end of the peristaltic pump (6) is connected with the centrifuge tube (7);
the top of the cyclone sampler (4) is connected with a fan (5) through a sealing ring;
the upper end of the cyclone sampler (4) is a cylindrical barrel, the lower end of the cyclone sampler is a conical barrel, the height of the cylindrical barrel is short, the height of the conical barrel is high, and the cylindrical barrel and the conical barrel form a very steep cutting structure;
the cyclone sampler (4) is integrally processed by 3D printing, and the cyclone sampler (4) is made of plastic or other materials.
2. A high flow ambient air bioaerosol sampling device as defined in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic atomizing plate (2) is a high frequency resonant ceramic plate or an ultrasonic atomizing plate combined with a porous screen or sieve plate.
3. A high flow ambient air bioaerosol sampling device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the water storage bottle (3) is a plastic or glass bottle with a certain volume, and the air inlet pipeline (1) is a common plastic tube with a certain diameter.
4. A high flow ambient air bioaerosol sampling device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the fan (5) is a micro fan or a high pressure fan.
5. The high-flow ambient air bioaerosol sampling device as defined in claim 1, wherein the controller (8) is a control circuit board comprising a single-chip microcomputer.
6. A high flow ambient air bioaerosol sampling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the centrifuge tube (7) is a polypropylene centrifuge tube or other material commonly used for laboratory storage of liquid samples.
7. A method for sampling a large flow of ambient air bioaerosol, wherein the method employs the sampling device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, before sampling starts, pouring a certain amount of sterile deionized water into a water storage bottle (3), and then starting an ultrasonic atomization sheet (2) to generate a large amount of micron-sized mist drops;
step 2, starting a fan (5), extracting a certain amount of ambient air to enter an air inlet pipeline (1) and pass through a fog drop area, wherein biological aerosol collides with fog drops and is combined with the fog drops to enter a cyclone sampler (4);
step 3, under the action of centrifugal force, the environmental biological aerosol and fog drops are separated on the inner wall of the cyclone sampler (4), and then the fog drops form a liquid film to wash the biological aerosol to the bottom of the cyclone sampler (4);
and 4, after a certain amount of liquid is collected, starting a peristaltic pump (6), and transferring the liquid sample into a centrifuge tube (7) for subsequent analysis and detection.
8. The method for sampling a large flow of ambient air bioaerosol according to claim 7, wherein in step 2, the fan (5) provides an air volume in a range of 28.3L/min to 1000L/min.
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