CN114181815A - Large-flow ambient air bioaerosol sampling device and method - Google Patents
Large-flow ambient air bioaerosol sampling device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling device and a method, the device comprises a shell, a water storage bottle, an ultrasonic atomization sheet, a cyclone sampler, a peristaltic pump, a centrifugal tube, a fan and a controller are arranged in the shell, the controller is respectively connected with the ultrasonic atomization sheet, the fan and the peristaltic pump through leads, and the controller is used for controlling the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomization sheet, the fan and the peristaltic pump; the cyclone sampler is directly connected with the air inlet pipeline, one end of the air inlet pipeline extends into the shell and is in tangential connection with the inner wall of the upper end of the cyclone sampler, and the other end of the air inlet pipeline extends out of the shell; the water storage bottle is fixed on the pipe wall of the air inlet pipeline of the sampler, the water storage bottle is communicated with the air inlet pipeline, and the water storage bottle is directly contacted and connected with the ultrasonic atomization sheet; the peristaltic pump comprises a driver, a pump head and a hose, the hose at the inlet end of the peristaltic pump is connected to the bottom of the cyclone sampler, and the hose at the outlet end of the peristaltic pump is connected with a centrifugal tube; the top of the cyclone sampler is connected with a fan through a sealing ring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bioaerosol sampling, and particularly relates to a device and a method for sampling bioaerosol in large-flow ambient air.
Background
Some pathogenic microorganisms related to the respiratory system are transmitted in an air medium through droplets and aerosol, and great threat is brought to the life and health of human beings. For public health and disease prevention and control, the collection and evaluation of bioaerosols in ambient air have the necessary and prevention, control and early warning effects, but the bioaerosols in ambient air have low concentration and fast activity attenuation, which brings great challenges to bioaerosols sampling and subsequent detection and analysis. At present, various biological aerosol samplers exist, the most common is a low-flow sampler represented by a six-grade Anderson sampler, and biological aerosol is collected on the surface of a gelatinous culture medium according to different particle sizes by utilizing the inertial impaction principle. Although the sampling method is convenient for culture analysis of pathogenic microorganisms, the solid collecting medium can not be used for rapid nucleic acid detection and analysis. However, the method has low sampling flow and is not suitable for rapidly collecting the low-concentration bioaerosol in the ambient air. In order to overcome the defect, a large-flow impact type sampler appears, taking a German Saedodes VWR sampler as an example, the sampler increases the sampling flow to 100L/min, can quickly collect low-concentration biological aerosol in the environmental air, but is not beneficial to subsequent quick nucleic acid analysis because pathogens are still collected on the surface of a culture medium. In order to facilitate rapid nucleic acid analysis, a sampler for collecting bioaerosol in ambient air into liquid (such as PBS or deionized water), such as a liquid impact sampler represented by BioSampler of SKC corporation, has appeared, which collects pathogenic microorganisms into the liquid, well preserves the activity thereof, and facilitates subsequent nucleic acid detection and analysis, and thus the sampler is widely used. However, there is also a disadvantage that the sampling flow rate is 12.5L/min, which is small as described above, and the low concentration bioaerosol of the ambient air cannot be rapidly collected. Aerosol Devices introduced a sampler (Biospot-VIVAS) which uses steam condensation to condense and grow bioaerosol and then separates and collects the bioaerosol, and the method has high collection efficiency, but the sampling flow is only 8L/min, and is not suitable for collecting bioaerosol with low concentration. In order to overcome the defect, a large-flow wet-wall cyclone sampler represented by a CORIOLIS MICRO sampler in the United states is invented, the sampling flow is 100-. The sampler has the defects that liquid is easy to be secondarily aerosolized in the sampler process and is taken away by airflow to be lost. The high-flow sampler of the same type also comprises a high-flow liquid sampler (WA-400) of the Dinglan technology, and in order to prevent the secondary aerosolization of liquid, liquid such as deionized water and the like is arranged at the bottom end of the rotational flow sampling pipe. Although the sampler reduces secondary aerosolization, the bioaerosol is not in sufficient contact with the liquid and a portion of the bioaerosol remains on the inner wall of the swirl sampling tube and is not effectively trapped in the liquid. Therefore, the problem of low concentration needs to be overcome by adopting large-flow sampling for collecting the bioaerosol in the ambient air, and the liquid sampling medium is suitable for keeping the bioactivity of the bioaerosol, but the two technical difficulties cannot be completely solved by the prior related technology.
How to provide a biological aerosol sampler with simple structure, good portability and simple operation, which realizes large-flow sampling on the basis of overcoming the difficulty of low concentration of biological aerosol in ambient air and keeps the activity of the collected biological aerosol so as to be convenient for subsequent microbial culture analysis and nucleic acid detection analysis, has become a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome a series of defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problems and provide a large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling device, which comprises a shell 9, wherein a water storage bottle 3, an ultrasonic atomization sheet 2, a cyclone sampler 4, a peristaltic pump 6, a centrifugal tube 7, a fan 5 and a controller 8 are arranged in the shell 9, wherein,
the controller 8 is respectively connected with the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2, the fan 5 and the peristaltic pump 6 through leads, and the controller 8 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2, the fan 5 and the peristaltic pump 6;
the cyclone sampler 4 is directly connected with an air inlet pipeline 1, one end of the air inlet pipeline 1 extends into the shell 9 and is tangentially connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the cyclone sampler 4, and the other end of the air inlet pipeline 1 extends out of the shell 9;
the water storage bottle 3 is fixed on the pipe wall of the air inlet pipeline 1 of the sampler, the water storage bottle 3 is communicated with the air inlet pipeline 1, and the water storage bottle 3 is directly contacted and connected with the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2;
the peristaltic pump 6 comprises a driver, a pump head and a hose, the hose at the inlet end of the peristaltic pump 6 is connected to the bottom of the cyclone sampler 4, and the hose at the outlet end of the peristaltic pump 6 is connected with the centrifugal tube 7;
the top of the cyclone sampler 4 is connected with a fan 5 through a sealing ring.
Preferably, the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2 is a high-frequency resonance ceramic sheet or an ultrasonic atomization sheet combined with a porous screen or a sieve plate.
Preferably, the water storage bottle 3 is a plastic or glass bottle with a certain volume, and the air inlet pipeline 1 is a common plastic pipe with a certain diameter.
Preferably, the upper end of the cyclone sampler 4 is a cylindrical tube, the lower end of the cyclone sampler is a conical tube, the cylindrical tube is shorter in height, the conical tube is higher in height, and the cylindrical tube and the conical tube form a very steep cutting structure.
Preferably, the cyclone sampler 4 is integrally processed by 3D printing, and the cyclone sampler 4 is made of plastic or other materials.
Preferably, the blower 5 is a micro blower or a high pressure fan.
Preferably, the controller 8 is a control circuit board including a single chip microcomputer.
Preferably, the centrifuge tube 7 is a polypropylene centrifuge tube or other centrifuge tube commonly used in laboratories for storing liquid samples.
A large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling method comprises the following steps:
and 4, starting the peristaltic pump 6 after a certain amount of liquid is collected, and transferring the liquid sample into a centrifugal tube 7 for subsequent analysis and detection.
Preferably, in the step 2, the air volume supplied by the fan 5 ranges from 28.3L/min to 1000L/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention discloses a large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling device, which collects bioaerosols such as bacteria, viruses and the like in environmental air by utilizing the principle of combining ultrasonic atomization and cyclone separation, wherein atomized fog drops are not only beneficial to capturing the bioaerosols in the air, but also enable a cyclone sampler to capture the surface to form a liquid film, and are also beneficial to keeping the activity of the collected bioaerosols, and the collected solution sample can be convenient for subsequent microbial culture analysis and nucleic acid detection analysis;
2) the invention discloses a large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling device and method, the sampling device has simple structure, good portability and simple and convenient operation, is a sampler and sampling method for efficiently collecting bioaerosol in environmental air, and can be used for public health safety, infectious disease prevention and control and bioaerosol research related work.
3) The invention discloses a large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling device, which uses larger flow for sampling and overcomes the difficulty of low concentration of bioaerosol in environmental air;
4) the invention discloses a method for sampling biological aerosol of large-flow ambient air, wherein in the sampling process, atomized fog drops collide with and capture the biological aerosol in the environment on one hand, and a liquid film is formed on the inner wall surface of a cyclone sampler on the other hand, so that a humid environment beneficial to the activity of the biological aerosol is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the air inlet pipeline and the cyclone sampler of the large flow rate environmental air bioaerosol sampling device of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
1-an air inlet pipeline, 2-an ultrasonic atomization sheet, 3-a water storage bottle, 4-a cyclone sampler, 5-a fan, 6-a peristaltic pump, 7-a centrifugal tube, 8-a controller and 9-a shell.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiments and the directional terms described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used in the explanation of the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In one broad embodiment of the invention, a high flow rate ambient air bioaerosol sampling device comprises a housing 9, wherein the housing 9 is provided therein with a water storage bottle 3, an ultrasonic atomization sheet 2, a cyclone sampler 4, a peristaltic pump 6, a centrifuge tube 7, a fan 5 and a controller 8, wherein,
the controller 8 is respectively connected with the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2, the fan 5 and the peristaltic pump 6 through leads, and the controller 8 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2, the fan 5 and the peristaltic pump 6;
the cyclone sampler 4 is directly connected with an air inlet pipeline 1, one end of the air inlet pipeline 1 extends into the shell 9 and is tangentially connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the cyclone sampler 4, and the other end of the air inlet pipeline 1 extends out of the shell 9;
the water storage bottle 3 is fixed on the pipe wall of the air inlet pipeline 1 of the sampler, the water storage bottle 3 is communicated with the air inlet pipeline 1, and the water storage bottle 3 is directly contacted and connected with the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2;
the peristaltic pump 6 comprises a driver, a pump head and a hose, the hose at the inlet end of the peristaltic pump 6 is connected to the bottom of the cyclone sampler 4, and the hose at the outlet end of the peristaltic pump 6 is connected with the centrifugal tube 7;
the top of the cyclone sampler 4 is connected with a fan 5 through a sealing ring.
Preferably, the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2 is a high-frequency resonance ceramic sheet or an ultrasonic atomization sheet combined with a porous screen or a sieve plate.
Preferably, the water storage bottle 3 is a plastic or glass bottle with a certain volume, and the air inlet pipeline 1 is a common plastic pipe with a certain diameter.
Preferably, the upper end of the cyclone sampler 4 is a cylindrical tube, the lower end of the cyclone sampler is a conical tube, the cylindrical tube is shorter in height, the conical tube is higher in height, and the cylindrical tube and the conical tube form a very steep cutting structure.
Preferably, the cyclone sampler 4 is integrally processed by 3D printing, and the cyclone sampler 4 is made of plastic or other materials.
Preferably, the blower 5 is a micro blower or a high pressure fan.
Preferably, the controller 8 is a control circuit board including a single chip microcomputer.
Preferably, the centrifuge tube 7 is a polypropylene centrifuge tube or other centrifuge tube commonly used in laboratories for storing liquid samples.
A large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling method comprises the following steps:
and 4, starting the peristaltic pump 6 after a certain amount of liquid is collected, and transferring the liquid sample into a centrifugal tube 7 for subsequent analysis and detection.
Preferably, in the step 2, the air volume supplied by the fan 5 ranges from 28.3L/min to 1000L/min.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling device comprises an air inlet pipeline 1, an ultrasonic atomization sheet 2, a water storage bottle 3, a cyclone sampler 4, a fan 5, a peristaltic pump 6, a centrifugal tube 7, a controller 8 and a shell 9. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the connection of the gas inlet pipeline 1 and the cyclone sampler 4, wherein the gas inlet pipeline 1 is tangentially connected with the wall of the cyclone sampler 4.
The detailed implementation of the preferred embodiment: before sampling begins, a certain amount of sterile deionized water is poured into the water storage bottle 3, then the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2 is started to generate a large amount of micron-sized droplets, and then the fan 5 is started to draw ambient air. Ambient air enters through the air inlet pipeline 1 and then passes through the fog drop area, and biological aerosol in the fog drop area is collided and combined with the fog drops and enters the cyclone sampler 4 together. Environmental bioaerosols are separated from the droplets on the cylinder wall under the action of centrifugal force, and then the droplets form a liquid film to wash the bioaerosols to the bottom of the cyclone sampler 4. When a certain amount of liquid has been collected, the controller 8 activates the peristaltic pump 6 to transfer the liquid sample into the centrifuge tube 7 for subsequent analysis and detection.
In the preferred embodiment, the storage bottle 3 contains about 200ml of sterile deionized water; the atomization frequency of the ultrasonic atomization sheet 2 is 1.7MHz, and the driving voltage is 5V; the driving voltage of the fan 5 is 24V, and the rated current is 1.3A; the flow rate of the gas supplied by the fan 5 is about 100L/min.
As shown in fig. 3, under the condition that the flow rate of the sampling gas is 100L/min, when the atomizer is not started, the particle size with the collection efficiency of 50% is 1.59 μm, namely, all the bioaerosols with the particle size larger than that in the gas can be collected by the sampling device; under the condition of constant flow, the atomization function is started, the particle size with 50% of collection efficiency is reduced to 1.05 mu m, and smaller bioaerosol can be collected by the sampling device. After 10min of atomization, centrifuge tube 7 may collect approximately 10mL of liquid sample for subsequent analysis and detection.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling device comprises a shell (9), and is characterized in that a water storage bottle (3), an ultrasonic atomization sheet (2), a cyclone sampler (4), a peristaltic pump (6), a centrifugal tube (7), a fan (5) and a controller (8) are arranged in the shell (9),
the controller (8) is respectively connected with the ultrasonic atomization sheet (2), the fan (5) and the peristaltic pump (6) through leads, and the controller (8) is used for controlling the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomization sheet (2), the fan (5) and the peristaltic pump (6);
the cyclone sampler (4) is directly connected with the air inlet pipeline (1), one end of the air inlet pipeline (1) extends into the shell (9) and is tangentially connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the cyclone sampler (4), and the other end of the air inlet pipeline extends out of the shell (9);
the water storage bottle (3) is fixed on the pipe wall of the air inlet pipeline (1) of the sampler, the water storage bottle (3) is communicated with the air inlet pipeline (1), and the water storage bottle (3) is directly contacted and connected with the ultrasonic atomization sheet (2);
the peristaltic pump (6) comprises a driver, a pump head and a hose, the hose at the inlet end of the peristaltic pump (6) is connected to the bottom of the cyclone sampler (4), and the hose at the outlet end of the peristaltic pump (6) is connected with the centrifugal tube (7);
the top of the cyclone sampler (4) is connected with a fan (5) through a sealing ring.
2. The device for sampling the bioaerosol of the ambient air with large flow rate according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic atomization sheet (2) is a high-frequency resonance ceramic sheet or an ultrasonic atomization sheet combined with a porous screen mesh and a sieve plate.
3. A high flow rate ambient air bioaerosol sampling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water storage bottle (3) is a plastic or glass bottle with a certain volume, and the air inlet pipeline (1) is a common plastic pipe with a certain diameter.
4. A high flow rate ambient air bioaerosol sampling device according to claim 1, wherein the cyclone sampler (4) has a cylindrical tube at its upper end and a conical tube at its lower end, the cylindrical tube has a shorter height, the conical tube has a higher height, and the cylindrical tube and the conical tube form a very steep cutting structure.
5. The device for sampling the bioaerosol of the large-flow environmental air according to claim 4, wherein the cyclone sampler (4) is integrally processed by 3D printing, and the cyclone sampler (4) is made of plastic or other materials.
6. A high flow rate ambient air bioaerosol sampling device according to claim 1, wherein the blower (5) is a micro blower or a high pressure fan.
7. The device for sampling the bioaerosol of the large-flow ambient air according to claim 1, wherein the controller (8) is a control circuit board containing a single chip microcomputer.
8. A high flow rate ambient air bioaerosol sampling device according to claim 1, wherein the centrifuge tube (7) is a polypropylene centrifuge tube or other centrifuge tube commonly used in laboratories for storing liquid samples.
9. A large-flow environmental air bioaerosol sampling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, before sampling begins, pouring a certain amount of sterile deionized water into a water storage bottle (3), and then starting an ultrasonic atomization sheet (2) to generate a large amount of micron-sized fog drops;
step 2, starting a fan (5), pumping a certain amount of ambient air into an air inlet pipeline (1) and passing through a fogdrop area, wherein the bioaerosol is collided and combined with the fogdrop and enters a cyclone sampler (4) together;
step 3, separating the environmental bioaerosol and the fog drops on the inner wall of the cyclone sampler (4) under the action of centrifugal force, and then washing the bioaerosol to the bottom of the cyclone sampler (4) by forming a liquid film by the fog drops;
and 4, starting the peristaltic pump (6) after a certain amount of liquid is collected, and transferring the liquid sample into a centrifugal tube (7) for subsequent analysis and detection.
10. The method for sampling the bioaerosol of the ambient air with the high flow rate according to claim 9, wherein in the step 2, the air volume provided by the fan (5) ranges from 28.3L/min to 1000L/min.
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