CN114097802B - 一种含氟环唑和稻瘟灵的乳油剂型 - Google Patents
一种含氟环唑和稻瘟灵的乳油剂型 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms
- A01N43/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings
- A01N43/28—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings with two hetero atoms in positions 1,3
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种含氟环唑和稻瘟灵的乳油剂型,氟环唑和稻瘟灵的重量比为1:6,氟环唑的质量占所述的乳油2%‑15%,稻瘟灵的质量占所述乳油的18%‑75%。本发明所述的含氟环唑和稻瘟灵的乳油用于防治水稻纹枯病、水稻稻瘟病、水稻稻曲病、玉米大斑病、玉米锈病。
Description
本申请是申请号为201811290158.1专利申请的分案申请(原申请的申请日为2018年10月31日,发明名称为一种杀菌组合物)。
技术领域
本发明涉及的是农药化学领域,尤其涉及一种含氟环唑和稻瘟灵的乳油剂型以及使用所述的含氟环唑和稻瘟灵的乳油在农业或园艺领域防治或预防植物病原真菌侵染植物的用途。
背景技术
关于农药活性,特别是对作物的保护,该领域中开展研究的核心问题之一是改善性能,尤其是生物活性方面的性能以及在一定时间内保持此活性方面的性能。
氟环唑(Epoxiconazole),化学名称为(2RS,3RS)-1-[3-(2-氯苯基)-2,3-环氧-2-(4-氟苯基)丙基]-1-氢-1,2,4-三唑,由EP94564以杀菌剂已知。结构式为:
稻瘟灵(Isoprothiolane),化学名称为1,3-二硫戊烷-2-叉丙二酸二异丙酯,属于内吸性杀菌剂,对稻瘟病有特效。
CN102273442A中公开了一种含氟环唑的超低容量液剂,其以氟环唑,或氟环唑与活性组分Ⅱ复配为活性成分,加入助剂和溶剂制备成超低容量液剂;其中活性组分Ⅱ可以选自稻瘟灵。尽管其公开了氟环唑与稻瘟灵的组合,然而,其公开的是只有当二者的配比在1:2-2:1范围内并配制成超低容量液剂时,才得以实现优于氟环唑乳油单剂的杀菌效果,因此,其配比和制剂的局限性较大,并且对于上述配比范围之外以及其它制剂均没有公开相关的杀菌效果。
因此,对于如何扩展氟环唑与稻瘟灵的制剂形式,并使其按一定比例配制后在杀菌方面表现出更优异的效果,已成为目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种杀菌组合物,就降低施用率和改善已知化合物氟环唑和稻瘟灵的活性谱而言,本发明在降低的活性化合物施用总量下,对有害真菌具有改善活性的组合物,二者组合后可发挥协同增效作用。
本发明已发现,同时,即联合或分开施用氟环唑和稻瘟灵,或依次施用氟环唑和稻瘟灵使得比单独施用各个化合物可以更好地防治有害真菌。
本发明提供了一种杀菌组合物,该组合物通过将氟环唑和稻瘟灵进行二元复配,使得到的组合物在防治效果上具有增益效果,并且拓展了杀菌谱,起到了一药多用的作用,可有效减缓或避免病菌产生抗药性。令人惊奇地是,本发明的杀菌组合物的杀菌活性比各个活性化合物的活性的加和明显更高。换言之,二者的组合存在无法预测的、真实存在的协同效应,而不仅仅是活性的增补。
发明人经过各种深入研究,结果发现含有氟环唑和稻瘟灵的杀菌组合物,可防治多种蔬菜、水果、果树和禾谷类作物的真菌性和细菌性病害。含有氟环唑和稻瘟灵的组合物不仅对于普通的植物病原菌,而且对那些已产生耐药性的病原菌也非常有效,在病害连续发生条件下也具有优良防治效果,因而完成了本发明。
当活性化合物以特定的重量比存在于本发明的杀菌组合物中时,协同效应特别明显。
本发明的杀菌组合物起协同增效的作用,适于防治有害真菌和细菌。并且本发明的杀菌组合物尤其适于防治禾谷类、蔬菜、水果、观赏植物和葡萄藤中的真菌和细菌病害。
本发明提供的一种杀菌组合物是采取以下技术方案实现的:
一种杀菌组合物,其活性成分含有氟环唑和稻瘟灵,所述氟环唑和稻瘟灵的重量比为1:5-1:10,优选1:6-1:10,更优选1:6-1:9,更优选1:6-1:8。
氟环唑和稻瘟灵可以同时,即一起或分开施用,或依次施用;在分开施用情况下的顺序通常对防治措施的结果没有任何影响。
活性成分氟环唑和稻瘟灵的重量配比还可以例如是1:5、1:5.5,1:6、1:6.5、1:7、1:7.5、1:8、1:8.5、1:9、1:9.5、1:10,特别优选1:6。
本发明所述的杀菌组合物,其中活性成分氟环唑和稻瘟灵的质量之和占所述杀菌组合物的12%-90%,优选12%-80%,更优选12%-60%,更优选12%-50%。
所述的杀菌组合物,其中活性成分氟环唑和稻瘟灵的质量之和占所述杀菌组合物的还可以是12%、13%、14%、15%、16%、17%、18%、19%、20%、21%、22%、23%、24%、25%、26%、27%、28%、29%、30%、31%、32%、33%、34%、35%、36%、37%、38%、39%、40%、41%、42%、43%、44%、45%、46%、47%、48%、49%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%。
特别是,所述杀菌组合物中,所述活性成分氟环唑的质量占所述杀菌组合物的2%-15%,例如可以是2%、3%、5%、8%、10%、12%、15%;所述稻瘟灵的质量占所述杀菌组合物的18%-75%,例如18%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%。
尤其是,所述杀菌组合物中,所述活性成分氟环唑的质量占所述杀菌组合物的5%-15%;所述稻瘟灵的质量占所述杀菌组合物的20%-50%。
本发明的杀菌组合物,可以制备成各种剂型,例如可湿性粉剂、乳油、悬浮剂、悬乳剂、微囊剂、种衣剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、水分散粒剂、泡沫剂、膏剂、气雾剂或超低容量喷雾液,特别优选乳油、水乳剂、悬浮剂,最优选乳油。
所述杀菌组合物中,可以仅仅包含活性成分,也可以还包含填充剂和/或表面活性剂。
根据本发明,术语“填充剂”指可与活性化合物相组合或联合以使其更易于施用给对象(例如植物、作物或草类)的天然或合成的有机或无机化合物。因此,所述填充剂优选为惰性的,至少应为农业可接受的。所述填充剂可以为固体或液体。
液体填充剂通常为:水、酒精类(例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、乙二醇等)、酮类(例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二异丁基甲酮、环己酮等)、醚类(例如乙醚、二恶烷、甲基纤维素、四氢呋喃等)、脂肪族碳氢化合物类(例如煤油、矿物油等)、芳香族碳氢化合物类(例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、溶剂油、烷基萘、氯代芳烃、氯代脂肪烃、氯苯等)、卤化碳氢化合物类、酰胺类、砜类、二甲基亚砜、矿物和植物油、动物油等。
固体填充剂通常为:植物质粉末类(例如大豆粉、淀粉、谷物粉、木粉、树皮粉、锯末、核桃壳粉、麸皮、纤维素粉末、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草茎的颗粒、提取植物精华后的残渣等)、纸张、锯末、粉碎合成树脂等的合成聚合体、黏土类(例如高岭土、皂土、酸性瓷土等)、滑石粉类、硅石类(例如硅藻土、硅砂、云母、含水硅酸,硅酸钙)、活性炭、天然矿物质类(浮石、绿坡缕石及沸石等)、烧制硅藻土、砂、塑料媒介等(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯等)、氯化钾、碳酸钙、磷酸钙等的无机矿物性粉末、硫酸铵、磷酸铵、尿素、氯化铵等的化学肥料、土肥,这些物质可以单独使用或者2种以上混用。
为使有效成分化合物乳化、分散、可溶化、以及/或者润湿可以使用表面活性剂例如可以列举脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯高级脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯醇或酚的磷酸酯、多元醇的脂肪酸酯、烷基芳基磺酸、萘磺酸聚合物、木质素磺酸盐、高分子梳形的支状共聚物、丁基萘磺酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸钠、油脂、脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物、烷基牛磺酸盐等聚丙烯酸盐、蛋白质水解物。合适的低聚糖物或聚合物,例如基于单独的乙烯单体、丙烯酸、聚氧乙烯和/或聚氧丙烯或者其与例如(多元)醇或(多元)胺的结合。
制剂中还可使用增粘剂例如羧甲基纤维素,及粉末、颗粒或胶乳形式的天然及合成聚合物,例如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇及聚乙酸乙烯酯或天然磷脂,例如脑磷脂及卵磷脂,及合成磷脂。其它添加剂为矿物油及植物油。
可能使用的着色剂如无机颜料,例如,氧化铁、氧化钛和普鲁士兰,和有机染料,如茜素染料、偶氮染料或金属酞箐染料,和痕量营养素,如铁、锰、硼、酮、钴、钼和锌盐。
可能使用的崩解剂选自:膨润土、尿素、硫酸铵、氯化铝、柠檬酸、丁二酸、碳酸氢钠中的一种或多种。
可能使用的稳定剂选自:柠檬酸钠、间苯二酚中的一种。
可能使用的防冻剂选自:乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、尿素中的一种或多种。
所述的消泡剂选自:硅油、硅酮类化合物、C10-20饱和脂肪酸类化合物、C8-10脂肪醇类化合物中的一种或多种。
任选地,还可包含其它附加组分,例如保护胶体、粘合剂、增稠剂、触变剂、渗透剂、稳定剂、掩蔽剂。
本发明的所述制剂可通过已知方式将所述活性成分与填充剂和/或表面活性剂混合而制备,还可添加其他常规添加剂,如催干剂、着色剂、稳定剂、颜料、消泡剂、防腐剂、增稠剂等。
本发明的杀菌组合物对各种植物病原菌具有很强的活性,并可对由植物病原菌引起的植物病害的预防和治疗发挥很强的防除效果。
本发明的杀菌组合物用于防治禾谷类、蔬菜、水果、观赏植物和葡萄藤上真菌和细菌的用途。
本发明的杀菌组合物对例如担子菌纲、子囊菌纲、卵菌纲和半知菌纲等宽范围植物病原性真菌具有极好活性。
卵菌纲,包括疫霉属(Phytophthora),例如致病疫霉菌(Phytophthorainfestans)、大豆疫霉病菌(Phytophthoramegasperma)、柑桔脚腐病菌(Phytophthoraparasitica)、樟疫霉菌(Phytophthoracinnamomi)和南瓜疫病菌(Phytophthoracapsici)的病害;草腐霉枯萎属(Pythium),例如坪草腐霉枯萎病菌(Pythiumaphanidermatum)的病害;以及霜霉科(Peronosporaceae)病害,例如葡萄霜霉病菌(Plasmoparaviticola);霜霉属病菌(Peronospora)(包括烟草霜霉菌(Peronosporatabacina)和寄生霜霉菌(Peronosporaparasitica));假霜霉属(Pseudoperonospora属)病菌(包括黄瓜霜霉病菌(Pseudoperonosporacubensis)和盘梗霉菌病菌(Bremialactucae));腐霉属(Pythium)例如瓜果腐霉菌(Pythiumaphanidermatum);单轴霉属(Plasmopara)。
子囊菌纲,包括链格孢属(Alternaria)病害,例如番茄早疫病菌(Alternariasolani)和甘蓝黑斑病菌(Alternariabrassicae),球座菌属(Guignardia)病害例如葡萄黑腐病菌(Guignardiabidwelli),黑星菌属(Venturia)病害例如苹果黑星病菌(Venturiainaequalis),壳针孢属(Septoria)病害例如颖枯病菌(Septorianodorum)和叶枯病菌(Septoriatritici),白粉病例如白粉菌属(Erysiphe)(包括小麦白粉病菌(Erysiphegraminis)和萝白粉病菌(Erysiphepolygoni))、葡萄白粉病菌(Uncinulanecatur)、黄瓜白粉病菌(Sphaerothecafuligena)和苹果白粉病菌(Podosphaeraleucotricha)、小麦基腐病菌(Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides)物种,灰霉菌属(Botrytis)物种病害例如草莓灰霉病菌(Botrytiscinerea)、桃褐腐病菌(Moniliniafructicola)病害,菌核菌属(Sclerotinia)物种病害,例如油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotiniasclerotiorum)、稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthegrisea)、葡萄枝枯病菌(Phomopsisviticola)病害,蠕形菌属(Helminthosporium)物种病害例如玉米大斑病菌(Helminthosporium triticirepentis)、网纹病菌(Pyrenophorateres)物种,炭疽病害例如黑果病菌(Glomerella)或炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum属)病害(例如粱炭疽病菌(Colletotrichumgraminicola)和西瓜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichumorbiculare));小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomycesgraminis);叉丝单囊壳属(Podosphaera)、链核盘菌属(Monilinia)、钩丝壳属(Uncinula)、球腔菌属(Mycosphaerella)。
担子菌纲,包括由锈菌属(Puccinia属)造成的锈菌病害(例如隐匿柄锈菌(Pucciniarecondita)、条锈菌(Pucciniastriiformis)、叶锈菌(Pucciniahordei)、杆锈菌(Pucciniagraminis)和柄锈菌(Pucciniaarachidis)、咖啡锈菌(Hemileiavastatrix)、驼孢锈菌属(Hemileia)、大豆锈菌(Phakopsorapachyrhizi);黑粉菌属(Llstilaginalcs)。
半知菌纲,包括丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia属)物种(例如立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctoniasolani)和赤色菌核病菌(Rhizoctoniaoryzae);镰刀菌属(Fusarium)病害,例如禾谷镰孢(Fusariumgraminearum),念珠镰孢菌(Fusariummoniliforme),尖孢镰孢(Fusariumoxysporum),串珠镰刀菌(Fusariumproliferatum),茄病镰孢(Fusariumsolani);大丽轮枝菌(Verticilliumdahliae);白绢菌(Sclerotiumrolfsii);云纹菌(Rynchosporiumsecalis);黑涩病菌(Cercosporidiumpersonatum)、黑斑病菌(Cercosporaarachidicola)和褐斑病菌(Cercosporabeticola);银元斑病菌(Rutstroemiafloccosum);葡萄孢属(Botrytis);梨孢属(Pyricularia);长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium);镰孢属(Fusarium);壳针孢属(Septoria);尾孢属(Cercospora);链格孢属(Alternaria);梨孢属(Pyricularia);假小尾孢属(Pseudocercospora)。
本发明的杀菌组合物尤其对下列种类的植物病原真菌有效:葡萄孢属(Botrytis)、梨孢属(Pyricularia)、蠕形菌属(Helminthosporium)、长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)、菌核菌属(Sclerotinia)、镰孢属(Fusarium)、壳针孢属(Septoria)、尾孢属(Cercospora)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、梨孢属(Pyricularia)、假小尾孢属(Pseudocercospora)、丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)、驼孢锈菌属(Hemileia)、柄锈菌属(Puccinia)、层锈菌属(Phakopsora)、黑粉菌属(Llstilaginalcs)、黑星菌属(Venturia)、白粉菌属(Erysiphe)、叉丝单囊壳属(Podosphaera)、链核盘菌属(Monilinia)、钩丝壳属(Uncinula)、球腔菌属(Mycosphaerella))、疫霉属(Phytophthora)、腐霉属(Pythium)、单轴霉属(Plasmopara)、霜霉属病菌(Peronospora)、假霜霉属(Pseudoperonospora)、盘梗霉菌(Bremialactucae)。
本发明的杀菌组合物适合的作物植物主要包括:谷类作物,例如小麦、大麦、燕麦、裸麦、黑小麦、水稻、玉米、高粱和小米;蔓生作物,例如鲜食葡萄和酿酒葡萄;大田作物,例如油菜(卡诺拉)、向日葵;糖用甜菜、甘蔗、大豆、花生(落花生)、烟草、苜蓿、三叶草、胡枝子、车轴草和野豌豆;仁果类水果,诸如苹果、梨、野苹果、枇杷、山楂和温柏;核果类水果,例如桃、樱桃、李子、杏、蜜桃;柑橘类水果,例如柠檬、酸橙、橙、柚子、中国柑桔(橘子)和金橘;根茎植物和大田作物(以及它们的叶子),例如洋蓟、菜用甜菜和糖用甜菜、胡萝卜、木薯、生姜、人参、山葵、欧洲防风草、马铃薯、小红萝卜、芜菁甘蓝、甘薯、芜菁和薯蓣;鳞茎植物,诸如大蒜、韭葱、洋葱和青葱;叶菜植物,例如芥子苦菜(芝麻菜)、芹菜、芹菜、水芹、菊苣(茅菜)、茴香、结球生菜和散叶莴苣、欧芹、红菊苣、大黄、菠菜和唐莴苣;芸苔属(高丽菜)叶菜,例如西兰花、花椰菜(球花甘蓝)、芽甘蓝、卷心菜、白菜、菜花、甘蓝、羽衣甘蓝、大头菜、芥菜和青菜;豆类植物(多汁的或无汁的)例如羽扇豆、菜豆)(包括蚕豆、四季豆、菜豆、花豆、红花菜豆、食荚菜豆、宽叶菜豆)、菜豆(包括赤豆、长豇豆、眉豆、乌豇豆、豆角、豇豆、绿豆、豇豆、黑绿豆和特长豇豆)、蚕豆、鹰嘴豆、瓜耳、刀豆、兵豆和豌豆(包括四季豆、食荚豌豆、紫花豌豆、豌豆、青豌豆、雪豆、甜豆、木豆和大豆);果菜类,诸如茄子、地樱桃、香瓜茄和辣椒(包括铃状椒、辣椒、烹调用辣椒、甘椒、甜椒;小番茄和番茄);葫芦科类蔬菜,例如佛手瓜(果实)、冬瓜、枸橼西瓜、黄瓜、嫩黄瓜、食用葫芦(包括葫芦、瓢瓜)、丝瓜、秋葵、胶苦瓜、山苦瓜、苦瓜和中国黄瓜、香瓜、西葫芦和笋瓜和西瓜;浆果类,诸如黑莓、红果莓、露莓、紫蓝莓、蓝莓、蔓越莓、黑醋栗、野莓、罗甘莓、树莓和草莓;树生坚果,例如杏仁、山毛榉坚果、巴西果、白胡桃、腰果、板栗、榛子(榛果)、山核桃、澳洲坚果、美洲山核桃和胡桃;热带水果和其他作物,例如香蕉、大蕉、芒果、椰子、木瓜、鳄梨、荔枝、龙舌兰、咖啡、可可、甘蔗、油棕、芝麻、橡胶和香料;纤维作物,例如棉花、亚麻和大麻;草皮草(包括暖季型和凉季型草皮草)。
优选地,本发明的杀菌组合物适合的作物植物通常包括以下种属植物:禾谷类(小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、水稻、玉米、高粱及有关种类);甜菜(糖用甜菜和饲用甜菜);梨果、核果和浆果(苹果、梨、李、桃、杏、樱桃、草莓、树莓和黑莓);豆科植物(菜豆类、扁豆类、豌豆类、大豆类);油科植物(油菜、芥菜、罂粟、橄榄、向日葵、椰子、蓖麻、可可豆、落花生);瓜类植物(南瓜、黄瓜、甜瓜);纤维类植物(棉花、亚麻、大麻、黄麻);桔果(橙、柠檬、葡萄、柑橘);蔬菜类(菠菜、莴苣、芦笋、圆白菜、胡萝卜、洋葱、番茄、马铃薯、红辣椒);樟科(鳄梨、肉桂、樟脑)或诸如烟草、坚果、咖啡、茄、甘蔗、茶、胡椒、葡萄、香蕉和天然橡胶植物之类植物,以及观赏植物。
本发明的杀菌组合物特别适用的作物植物包括水稻、黄瓜、甜瓜、卷心菜、葡萄、红椒、青椒、西瓜、南瓜、烟草、柑橘、苹果、番茄、香蕉、玉米、芦笋、莴苣、马蹄莲、花椰菜、卷心菜、魔芋、油菜、芹菜、烟草、洋葱、青梗菜、番茄、茄子、胡萝卜、青洋葱、大白菜、结球甘蓝、马铃薯、生菜、油籽油菜。
所述杀菌组合物特别适用于防治水稻纹枯病、水稻稻瘟病、水稻稻曲病、玉米大斑病、玉米小斑病、玉米锈病、小麦赤霉病、大豆锈病、小麦锈病、苹果斑点落叶病、番茄早疫病、番茄晚疫病、花生锈病、梨黑星病。
本发明所述的杀菌组合物用于保护植物、植物繁殖材料和随后长出的植物器官的用途。
本发明所述的杀菌组合物施用至所需防治的地点防治土壤或栽培媒介中致病或腐生的有害真菌的用途。
本发明所述的杀菌组合物用于处理种子以保护种子免受携带的植物病原菌侵袭的用途。
一种防治或预防植物病原真菌侵染栽培植物的方法,该方法包括将本发明的杀菌组合物作用于植物致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料和随后长出的植物器官、土壤或栽培媒介、材料或空间中。
一种防治或预防植物病原真菌侵染栽培植物的方法,该方法包括将本发明所述的杀菌组合物施用于植物叶面。
一种防治或预防植物病原真菌侵染栽培植物的方法,该方法包括将本发明所述的杀菌组合物施用于植物繁殖材料和随后长出的植物器官。
一种防治或预防植物病原真菌侵染栽培植物的方法,该方法包括将本发明所述的杀菌组合物施用于土壤或栽培媒介。
一种防治或预防植物病原真菌侵染栽培植物的方法,该方法包括在栽培植物被侵染之前或侵染之后将所述的杀菌组合物作用于植物致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料和随后长出的植物器官、土壤或栽培媒介、材料或空间中。
一种防治或预防植物病原真菌侵染栽培植物的方法,该方法包括将本发明的杀菌组合物以农学有效且基本无植物毒性的施用量以种子处理、叶面施用、茎施用、浸透、滴注、浇注、喷射、喷雾、撒粉、散布或发烟等方法施用至植物致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料和随后长出的植物器官、土壤或栽培媒介、材料或空间中。
本发明的杀菌组合物可以在作物保护中用作叶面杀菌剂,亦可作为杀菌剂用于拌种和用作土壤杀菌剂。
本发明的杀菌组合物可以处理所有植物。“植物”指所有植物和植物种群,例如理想的和不理想的野生植物、栽培植物和植物品种(无论是否受植物品种或植物培育人权利的保护)。栽培植物和植物品种可以是通过常规繁殖和培育方法得到的植物,这些方法可辅以或补充有一种或多种生物技术方法,例如使用双单倍体、原生质体融合、随机和定向突变、分子或遗传标记,或使用生物工程和遗传工程方法。植物部分是指植物的所有地上和地下部分及器官,例如芽、叶、花和根,例如叶子、针叶、茎、枝、花、子实体、果实和种子以及根、球茎和根茎。作物以及营养繁殖和有性繁殖材料,例如插枝、球茎、根茎、纤匐枝和种子也属于植物部分。
术语“植物繁殖材料”应理解为指所有有繁殖能力的植物部分,例如种子,其能用于繁殖后者,以及植物性材料例如扦插条或块茎(例如马铃薯)。因此,本文中所使用的植物部分包括植物繁殖材料。可以提及的是例如种子,根,果实,块茎,鳞茎,根茎和植物部分。待从土壤中发芽后或出苗后抑制的发芽植株和有效植株。幼小植株可以在移植前通过浸渍进行全部或局部处理来进行保护。
根据本发明的杀菌组合物适于保护在农业中、温室中、林业中或园艺-或葡萄栽培种施用的任何植物品种的种子。特别地,其采用的种子形式为谷类(如小麦、大麦、黑麦、黑小麦、稷、燕麦)、玉米、棉花、大豆、水稻、马铃薯、向日葵、菜豆、咖啡、甜菜、花生、油菜、橄榄、可可、甘蔗、烟草,蔬菜(如番茄、黄瓜、洋葱和莴苣)、草坪草以及装饰用植物。谷类和蔬菜类的种子的处理是至关重要的。
危害出芽后植物的植物病原性真菌的控制主要通过使用作物保护剂处理土壤和植物的地上部分来进行。
本发明的杀菌组合物还可用于预防或控制土壤或栽培媒介里多种致病或腐生的真菌和细菌。向土壤中施用药剂的方法,例如将液体药剂稀释于水中或不稀释直接施用于植物体的根部或育秧用的秧田中等方法,将颗粒剂散播到植物体的根部或者育秧的秧田中的方法有在播种前将粉剂、水分散粒剂等喷洒于土壤中并与土壤整体混合的方法,播种前或栽种植物体前将粉剂、水分散粒剂稀释后喷洒于种植孔、播种沟中,在进行播种的方法等。
本发明的杀菌组合物也可用于保护贮存物免受真菌和细菌的侵染。
根据本发明,将术语“贮存物”理解为是指已经源自天然生命循环且希望长期保存的植物或动物性来源的天然物质和其经加工的形式。植物来源的贮存物,例如植物或其部分,如茎、叶、块茎、种子、果实或籽粒,可以以新鲜采收的状态或以加工形式如(预)干燥、润湿、粉碎、研磨、压制或烘烤被保护。也可以是木材,粗木材形式如建筑木材、电线杆和栅栏;或成品形式,如由木材制成的家具或物品。动物来源的贮存物为兽皮、皮革、毛、毛发等。根据本发明的组合物可以防止贮存期的真菌或细菌的侵袭如腐蚀、褪色或发霉。优选将“贮存物”理解为是指植物来源的天然物质和其加工形式,更优选果品或蔬菜,其加工形式。
所以,本发明的杀菌组合物可以在作物保护中用作叶面杀真菌剂,亦可作为杀真菌剂用于拌种和用作土壤杀真菌剂、亦可作采后贮存物防腐保鲜剂。
本发明的杀菌组合物可以通过不同的处理方法施用,这些方法例如:
-将包含所述杀菌组合物的液体喷洒到所述植物的地上部分;
-撒粉,在土壤中掺入颗粒或粉末,在所述植物周围喷洒,并在树木注射或涂抹的情况下;
-对植物的种子进行包覆或薄膜涂布;
-用于果品或蔬菜采后防腐保鲜时,通常用水稀释200-2000倍液,浸果后沥出。
本发明提供一种防治植物致病菌的方法,可以是治疗、预防或根除方法。
本发明的杀菌组合物可制成通常的药剂形态,例如乳油、可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂、液剂、颗粒剂、种衣剂等药剂形态使用,其施用量,根据有效成分的配合比例、气象条件、药剂形态、施用时期、施用方法、施用场所、防除目标有害生物、目标农作物等的不同而有差异。
-通常对于叶部处理:0.1-10000g/ha,优选10-1000g/ha,更优选50-500g/ha;对于浸渍或滴注施用而言,所述剂量甚至还可以降低,特别是当施用惰性基质如石棉或珍珠岩石时;
-对于种子处理:2-5000g/100kg种子,优选3-1000g/100kg种子;
-对于土壤或水面施用处理:0.1-10000g/ha,优选1-1000g/ha。
-对于果蔬采后保鲜,可稀释200-2000倍液,浸果后沥出。
上述剂量仅是一般性的示例性剂量,实际施用时本领域的技术人员会根据实际情况和需要,尤其是根据待处理的植物或作物的性质以及病菌的严重性调整施用率。
本发明的杀菌组合物可以以制剂形式为主,即组合物中各物质已经混合;组合物的成分也可以单剂形式提供,使用前在桶或罐中混合,然后稀释至所需的浓度。其中优选以本发明提供的制剂形式为主。
本发明一种杀菌组合物含有氟环唑和稻瘟灵的杀菌组合物,可防治多种蔬菜、水果、果树和禾谷类作物的真菌性和细菌性病害。含有氟环唑和稻瘟灵的组合物不仅对于普通的植物病原菌,而且对那些已产生耐药性的病原菌也非常有效,在病害连续发生条件下也具有优良防治效果。
本发明一种杀菌组合物含有氟环唑和稻瘟灵的杀菌组合物,当活性化合物以特定的重量比存在于本发明的杀菌组合物中时,表现出意想不到的协同增效的作用。
本发明的杀菌组合物还可以与其它具有除草、杀虫或杀菌性能的药剂,特别是与保护性杀菌混合使用,也可以与杀虫剂、防护剂、生长调节剂、植物营养素或土壤调节剂混合使用。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供的杀菌组合物中活性成分氟环唑和稻瘟灵之间具有协同增效作用,可用于防治水稻纹枯病、水稻稻瘟病、水稻稻曲病、玉米大斑病、玉米小斑病、玉米锈病、小麦赤霉病、大豆锈病、小麦锈病、苹果斑点落叶病、番茄早疫病、番茄晚疫病、花生锈病或梨黑星病。
具体实施方式
为便于理解本发明,本发明列举实施例如下。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
制剂实施例:
实施例1 5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵 可湿性粉剂
将活性化合物、各种助剂及填料等按配方的比例成分混合,经超细粉碎机粉碎后,即得到5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵的可湿性粉剂。
实施例2 5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵 乳油
将活性化合物、各种助剂及溶剂等按配方的比例成分混合,搅拌均匀得到均一透明的相,即得到5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵的乳油。
实施例3 8%氟环唑+40%稻瘟灵 乳油
将活性化合物、各种助剂及溶剂等按配方的比例成分混合,搅拌均匀得到均一透明的相,即得到8%氟环唑+40%稻瘟灵的乳油。
实施例4 2%氟环唑+18%稻瘟灵 可湿性粉剂
将上述组分按比例混合,并研磨、粉碎,制备成2%氟环唑+18%稻瘟灵的可湿性粉剂。
实施例5 5%氟环唑+35%稻瘟灵 水分散粒剂
将氟环唑、稻瘟灵、分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂和填料按配方的比例混合均匀,经过气流粉碎成可湿性粉剂;再加入一定量的水混合挤压造料,经干燥筛分后得到5%氟环唑+35%稻瘟灵的水分散粒剂。
实施例6 5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵 悬乳剂
油相:
稻瘟灵 30%
油酸甲酯 20%
乙氧基化蓖麻油 5%
水相:
氟环唑 5%
磺化的萘磺酸-甲醛缩合产物的钠盐 1%
水 补足至100%
将稻瘟灵溶解在油酸甲酯中,加入乙氧基化蓖麻油得到油相;按照配方将氟环唑、磺化的萘磺酸-甲醛缩合产物的钠盐、水经研磨和/或高速剪切后得到氟环唑的悬浮剂;在搅拌下将油相加入水相得到5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵的悬乳剂。
实施例7 15%氟环唑+75%稻瘟灵 可湿性粉剂
将上述组分按比例混合,并研磨、粉碎,制备成15%氟环唑+75%稻瘟灵的可湿性粉剂。
实施例8 2%氟环唑+18%稻瘟灵 包衣颗粒剂
在混合器中,将磨细的杀菌活性化合物均匀涂布到被聚乙二醇润湿的载体上。以此方式可获得2%氟环唑+18%稻瘟灵的无尘包衣颗粒剂。
实施例9 5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵 颗粒剂
将活性化合物与助剂混合并研磨,用水润湿,造粒,然后在空气流中干燥,得到5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵的颗粒剂。
实施例10 5%氟环唑+25%稻瘟灵 种衣剂
将上述各组分按比例混合经研磨和/或高速剪切后得到5%氟环唑+25%稻瘟灵的种衣剂。
实施例11 5%氟环唑+35%稻瘟灵 悬乳剂
将稻瘟灵溶解在SOLVESSOTM200中,加入乙氧基化蓖麻油,得到稻瘟灵的油相。
将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠、改性木质素磺酸钙、氟环唑和水按比例混合,经研磨和/或高速剪切后得到氟环唑的悬浮剂。
将含稻瘟灵的油相加入到含氟环唑的水悬浮剂,得到5%氟环唑+35%稻瘟灵的悬乳剂。
实施例12 6%氟环唑+36%稻瘟灵 乳油
将上述成分按照比例配制,搅拌均匀得到均一的相,得到6%氟环唑+36%稻瘟灵的乳油。
实施例13 5%氟环唑+50%稻瘟灵 水分散粒剂
将氟环唑、稻瘟灵、分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂和填料按配方的比例混合均匀,经过气流粉碎成可湿性粉剂;再加入一定量的水混合挤压造料。经干燥筛分后得到5%氟环唑+50%稻瘟灵的水分散粒剂。
实施例14 5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵 悬浮剂
将活性组分、分散剂、润湿剂和水等各组分按照配方的比例混合均匀,经研磨和/或高速剪切,控制粒径在2μm以下,得到5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵的悬浮剂。
实施例15 5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵 水乳剂
油相:
水相:
将氟环唑和稻瘟灵溶解在油酸甲酯中,加入聚苯乙烯得到油相;按照配方中的组分混合均匀得到水相;在搅拌下将油相加入水相得到5%氟环唑+30%稻瘟灵的水乳剂。
实施例16 10%氟环唑+90%稻瘟灵
氟环唑 10%
稻瘟灵 90%
对照实施例1 6%氟环唑+12%稻瘟灵 乳油
将活性化合物、各种助剂及溶剂等按配方的比例成分混合,搅拌均匀得到均一透明的相,即得到6%氟环唑+12%稻瘟灵的乳油。
对照实施例2 12%氟环唑+12%稻瘟灵 乳油
将活性化合物、各种助剂及溶剂等按配方的比例成分混合,搅拌均匀得到均一透明的相,即得到12%氟环唑+12%稻瘟灵的乳油。
对照实施例3 3%氟环唑+12%稻瘟灵 乳油
将活性化合物、各种助剂及溶剂等按配方的比例成分混合,搅拌均匀得到均一透明的相,即得到3%氟环唑+12%稻瘟灵的乳油。
以上实施例和对照实施例中的配比为重量百分配比。
生物测试例
药效测试实验
实验例1:对水稻稻瘟病的防效试验
将盆栽的水稻苗的叶子用具有以下指定的活性化合物浓度的含水稀释液喷雾。第二天将处理的水稻苗接种水稻稻瘟病的孢子悬浮液。然后将盆放在20-22℃下的具有大气湿度(90%-95%)的室中24小时。在此期间,孢子发芽并且芽管渗入叶组织中。第二天,将测试植物返回至温室中并在20-22℃和65%-70%相对大气湿度下培育另外7天。然后目测叶子上水稻稻瘟病发展的程度。
表1对水稻稻瘟病的防治效果
从表1的数据可以看出,使用氟环唑与稻瘟灵的组合物防治水稻稻瘟病,活性成分氟环唑占所述杀菌组合物的2%-15%,并且稻瘟灵占所述杀菌组合物的18%-75%时,获得较好的防治效果。
实验例2:对水稻稻曲病的防效试验
将处于水稻孕穗末期的水稻植株用具有以下指定的活性化合物浓度的含水稀释液喷雾。第二天将处理的水稻植株接种水稻稻曲病的孢子悬浮液。然后将盆放在20-22℃下的具有大气湿度(90%-95%)的室中24小时。第二天,将测试植物返回至温室中并在20-22℃和65%-70%相对大气湿度下培育另外45天。然后目测水稻稻曲病发展的程度。
表2对水稻稻曲病的防治效果
从表2的数据可以看出,使用氟环唑与稻瘟灵的组合物防治水稻稻曲病,活性成分氟环唑占所述杀菌组合物的2%-15%,并且稻瘟灵占所述杀菌组合物的18%-75%时,可获得较好的防治效果。
实验例3:对水稻纹枯病的防效试验
将盆栽的水稻苗的叶子用具有以下指定的活性化合物浓度的含水稀释液喷雾。第二天将处理的水稻苗接种水稻纹枯病的孢子悬浮液。然后将盆放在20-22℃下的具有大气湿度(90%-95%)的室中24小时。在此期间,孢子发芽并且芽管渗入叶组织中。第二天,将测试植物返回至温室中并在20-22℃和65%-70%相对大气湿度下培育另外7天。然后目测叶子上水稻纹枯病发展的程度。
表3对水稻纹枯病的防治效果
从表3的数据可以看出,使用氟环唑与稻瘟灵的组合物防治水稻纹枯病,活性成分氟环唑占所述杀菌组合物的2%-15%,并且稻瘟灵占所述杀菌组合物的18%-75%时,获得较好的防治效果。
实验例4:对玉米大斑病的防效试验
将盆栽的玉米植株的叶子用具有以下指定的活性化合物浓度的含水稀释液喷雾。第二天将处理的玉米植株接种玉米大斑病的孢子悬浮液。然后将盆放在20-22℃下的具有大气湿度(90%-95%)的室中24小时。在此期间,孢子发芽并且芽管渗入叶组织中。第二天,将测试植物返回至温室中并在20-22℃和65%-70%相对大气湿度下培育另外7天。然后目测叶子上玉米大斑病发展的程度。
表4对玉米大斑病的防治效果
从表4的数据可以看出,使用氟环唑与稻瘟灵的组合物防治玉米大斑病,活性成分氟环唑占所述杀菌组合物的2%-15%,并且稻瘟灵占所述杀菌组合物的18%-75%时,获得较好的防治效果。
实验例5:对玉米锈病的防效试验
将盆栽的玉米植株的叶子用具有以下指定的活性化合物浓度的含水稀释液喷雾。第二天将处理的玉米植株接种玉米锈病的孢子悬浮液。然后将盆放在20-22℃下的具有大气湿度(90%-95%)的室中24小时。在此期间,孢子发芽并且芽管渗入叶组织中。第二天,将测试植物返回至温室中并在20-22℃和65%-70%相对大气湿度下培育另外7天。然后目测叶子上玉米锈病发展的程度。
表5对玉米锈病的防治效果
从表5的数据可以看出,使用氟环唑与稻瘟灵的组合物防治玉米锈病,活性成分氟环唑占所述杀菌组合物的2%-15%,并且稻瘟灵占所述杀菌组合物的18%-75%时,获得较好的防治效果。
通过上述表1-5的数据还可以看出以下两点:
将实施例1-15与对照实施例1-3进行比较可以看出,实施例1-15通过将氟环唑与稻瘟灵二者的配比控制在1:5-1:10的范围内,其相比对照实施例1-3中将氟环唑与稻瘟灵二者的配比调整为1:2、1:1或1:4时,能够获得更优异的防治效果;其相比采用氟环唑乳油单剂或稻瘟灵乳油单剂,同样能够获得更好的防治效果,由此可以进一步说明,本发明通过采用将氟环唑与稻瘟灵二者的配比控制在1:5-1:10的范围内,可发挥协同增效的效果。
通过将实施例1、2、6、9、12、14和15进行比较后可以看出,当将氟环唑和稻瘟灵的质量比均控制在1:6时,剂型为乳油、悬浮剂和水乳剂时,其相比可湿性粉剂或颗粒剂等其它制剂,可获得更好的防治效果;当剂型为乳油时防治效果最好,由此可以说明,当将氟环唑和稻瘟灵的质量比控制在1:6并且剂型为乳油时,能够获得最佳的防治效果。
Claims (5)
1.一种含氟环唑和稻瘟灵的组合物,其特征在于,活性成分含有氟环唑和稻瘟灵,所述氟环唑和稻瘟灵的重量比为1:6,氟环唑的质量占所述组合物的5%-15%,稻瘟灵的质量占所述组合物的20%-50%,且所述组合物,其剂型为乳油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物用于防治禾谷类、蔬菜、水果、观赏植物或葡萄藤上真菌的用途。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物用于防治水稻纹枯病、水稻稻瘟病、水稻稻曲病、玉米大斑病、玉米锈病的用途。
4.一种防治植物致病菌的方法,其特征在于,包括将权利要求1所述的组合物作用于致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、种子、土壤、材料或空间、贮存物中。
5.一种防治植物致病菌的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述的组合物以种子处理、叶面施用、茎施用、浸透、滴注、浇注、喷射、喷雾、撒粉、散布或发烟的方式施用于植物致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料和随后长出的植物器官、土壤或栽培媒介、材料或空间中。
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