CN114076782A - Method and device for representing stability of crude oil emulsion - Google Patents
Method and device for representing stability of crude oil emulsion Download PDFInfo
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- CN114076782A CN114076782A CN202010846750.6A CN202010846750A CN114076782A CN 114076782 A CN114076782 A CN 114076782A CN 202010846750 A CN202010846750 A CN 202010846750A CN 114076782 A CN114076782 A CN 114076782A
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- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of crude oil emulsification, in particular to a method and a device for representing the stability of a crude oil emulsion. The method comprises the following steps: respectively measuring the conductivity values of the upper layer and the lower layer of a sample to be measured at certain positions; under the same frequency condition, the smaller the difference of the conductivity values of the upper layer and the lower layer is, the more stable the sample is. The device comprises a sample tube jacket, a sample tube, two conductivity meters, a constant-temperature circulating water bath device and two electrodes; the sample tube is arranged in a sample tube jacket, and the sample tube jacket is connected with a constant-temperature circulating water bath device; the two electrodes are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sample tube, and the two conductivity meters are respectively connected with the wiring ports of the two electrodes. The method is simple, convenient and quick, can be applied under different frequency conditions, has high sensitivity, and provides important reference for selection of the oil field emulsification viscosity reducer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crude oil emulsification, in particular to a method and a device for representing the stability of a crude oil emulsion.
Background
The emulsification viscosity reduction is to mix water solution containing surfactant into crude oil to convert the crude oil into oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, and reduce the flow resistance of liquid flow due to the wetting action of the water solution of the surfactant, thereby greatly reducing the apparent viscosity of the thick oil. The emulsification viscosity reduction method is one of the most effective ways for exploiting thick oil at present, and the type, injection method, injection amount and the like of the viscosity reducer need to be determined, and the optimal viscosity reduction condition needs to be selected. Along with increasingly harsh mining conditions, the requirements on the emulsification viscosity reducer are also increasingly high, and the emulsification viscosity reducer is not only salt-resistant, high-temperature-resistant and low-cost, but also easy to dehydrate.
The emulsification viscosity reduction technology has the advantages of large viscosity reduction range, simple process, less investment, quick response and the like. The application performance of the surfactant for emulsification and viscosity reduction is influenced by the properties of crude oil and the use environment, such as a temperature-resistant and salt-resistant surfactant used in a high-temperature and high-salt oil reservoir. And the addition amount is proper when the catalyst is used, otherwise, the post-treatment of the crude oil is difficult. The emulsion stability is difficult to control, and the stability is too good, so that the subsequent crude oil dehydration difficulty is increased; the stability is too poor, and the emulsion breaking and dehydration are easy to occur during the transportation, thereby influencing the viscosity reduction effect.
The key of the emulsification and viscosity reduction is to select the emulsification and viscosity reduction agent with excellent performance. The preferred viscosity reducer should have the following characteristics: the thick oil has better emulsibility and can form a stable oil-in-water emulsion; the formed oil-in-water emulsion cannot be too stable, otherwise the next crude oil demulsification and dehydration are influenced; after the delivery is completed, the oil-in-water emulsion needs to be easily broken and dehydrated. Therefore, the addition of viscosity reducing agents produces an oil-in-water emulsion that is not very stable, and is ideally emulsified when flowing and dehydrated when standing. The emulsion stability and the easy demulsification performance are mutually contradictory, so the method has important theoretical and practical values for the research of the emulsion stability.
The existing demulsification performance research mostly adopts an observation method: and (3) placing the prepared O/W type thick oil emulsion in a centrifuge tube with a plug, placing the centrifuge tube with the plug in a constant temperature oven at 50 +/-1 ℃ for 24 hours, recording the amount of deposited water at the bottom of the centrifuge tube with the plug, and dividing the amount of deposited water by the total amount of water in the thick oil emulsion (the sum of the water content of the thick oil and the water adding amount during emulsification) to obtain the sedimentation dehydration rate (%). The method is not only long in time consumption, but also complicated in operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method and a device for representing the stability of a crude oil emulsion. The method provided by the invention is used for representing the stability of the crude oil emulsification system according to the conductivity difference of the upper layer and the lower layer of the emulsion liquid system, and is simple and rapid to operate and high in sensitivity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for characterizing the stability of the crude oil emulsion comprises the following steps: respectively measuring the conductivity values of the upper layer and the lower layer of a sample to be measured at certain positions; under the same frequency condition, the smaller the difference of the conductivity values of the upper layer and the lower layer is, the more stable the sample is.
Preferably, the measuring position is 3-6cm from the upper liquid level when the conductivity of the upper layer is measured.
Further preferably, the measurement position is 5cm from the upper liquid level.
Preferably, when measuring the conductivity of the lower layer, the measurement position is 3-6cm from the bottom of the sample.
Further preferably, the measurement position is 5cm from the bottom of the sample.
Preferably, the temperature of the sample to be measured is maintained between 20 ℃ and 25 ℃ during the measurement.
Preferably, the conductivity is detected at a high frequency, further, 10KHz is selected. At the frequency, the change of the conductivity difference value of the upper layer and the lower layer of the crude oil emulsion with time is more obvious.
The invention also provides a device for representing the stability of the crude oil emulsion, which comprises a sample tube jacket, two sample tubes, two conductivity meters, a constant-temperature circulating water bath device and two electrodes;
the sample tube is arranged in a sample tube jacket, and the sample tube jacket is connected with a constant-temperature circulating water bath device; the two electrodes are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sample tube, and the two conductivity meters are respectively connected with the wiring ports of the two electrodes.
Preferably, the sample jacket material is glass.
Preferably, the sample tube is placed in a sample jacket to enable a water bath.
The invention also provides a method for characterising crude oil emulsion stability using the apparatus described above, the method comprising: connecting a glass jacket with a circulating water bath device to realize temperature control, adding emulsified crude oil into a sample tube in a sample jacket, setting the temperature of the circulating water bath to be 20-25 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15min, respectively movably placing two electrodes at certain positions at the upper end and the lower end of the sample tube, measuring the conductivity of the upper layer and the lower layer of a crude oil emulsification system, and calculating the conductivity difference value, wherein the smaller the difference value is, the more stable the sample is.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method is simple, convenient and quick, can be applied under different frequency conditions, has high sensitivity, and provides important reference for selection of the oil field emulsification viscosity reducer.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for characterizing the stability of a crude oil emulsion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sleeve in an apparatus for characterizing the stability of a crude oil emulsion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of conductivity of an upper layer of a crude oil emulsion sample at different frequencies over time;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the conductivity of a lower layer as a function of time for a sample of a crude oil emulsion at different frequencies;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the difference in conductivity of the upper and lower layers with time at different frequencies for a crude oil emulsion sample;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the difference in conductivity at different frequencies over time after a crude oil emulsion sample is allowed to stand for 15 min;
FIG. 7 is a microscope observation image of crude oil emulsion in initial state (0 min): A. b represents microscope observation images obtained by sampling at different positions;
FIG. 8 is a microscope image of crude oil emulsion when left for 60 min: A. b represents microscope observation images obtained by sampling at different positions;
FIG. 9 is a microscope image of crude oil emulsion when it is left for 110 min: A. b represents the sample at the different position of the upper layer, and C, D represents the microscope observation image obtained by sampling at the different position of the lower layer.
Wherein, 1, glass tube jacket; 2. an electrode; 3. an electrode wiring port; 4. circulating water bath at constant temperature; 5. a conductivity meter.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The method for characterizing the stability of the crude oil emulsion comprises the following steps: respectively measuring the conductivity values of the upper layer and the lower layer of a sample to be measured at certain positions; under the same frequency condition, the smaller the difference of the conductivity values of the upper layer and the lower layer is, the more stable the sample is.
In order to make the measured value of the sample more stable, when the conductivity of the upper layer of the sample is measured, the measuring position is 5cm away from the liquid level, and the measuring position for measuring the conductivity of the lower layer of the sample is 5cm away from the bottom of the oil sample.
Example 2
The device for characterizing the stability of the crude oil emulsion is shown in figure 1 and comprises a glass sample jacket 1, a sample tube 6, an electrode 2, a constant-temperature circulating water bath device 4 and a conductivity meter 5. A sample tube 6 is arranged in a glass sample tube jacket 5, and the glass sample tube jacket 1 is connected with a constant-temperature circulating water bath device 4; two electrodes 5 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sample tube 6, and two conductance 5 instruments are respectively connected with the wiring ports 3 of the two electrodes.
The structure of the glass sample jacket is shown in FIG. 2, and the positions shown by letters A-G are positions where the electrodes can be placed.
The upper part is measured and taken to position A, the optimal measurement position is 5cm away from the upper layer liquid level, the lower part is measured and taken to position G, and the optimal measurement position is 5cm away from the bottom of the sample.
A method of characterising crude oil emulsion stability using the apparatus described above, the method comprising: the glass sample jacket 1 and the circulating water bath device 4 are connected to realize temperature control, an emulsified sample is added into a sample tube 6 in the sample jacket, the temperature of the circulating water bath is set to be 20-25 ℃, after the temperature is kept for 15min, two electrodes 2 are respectively movably arranged at a certain position of the upper end and the lower end of the sample tube 6, the conductivity of the upper layer and the lower layer of the sample is measured, the conductivity difference is calculated, and the smaller the difference is, the more stable the sample is.
Selecting lunar east crude oil as a research object, accurately weighing 100g of lunar east crude oil, adding 60mL of toluene, uniformly mixing under the condition of not adding a surfactant, adding 5mL of deionized water into a system, fully stirring for 30min at 25 ℃, and adjusting the rotating speed to 1000r/min to prepare a crude oil emulsion. And placing the prepared crude oil emulsion in a sample tube in a constant-temperature sample jacket at 25 ℃, adding part of the yuandong crude oil emulsion into a water-division test tube, and combining the upper and lower layer conductivity difference of the system under the same constant temperature condition and observing the demulsification condition of the crude oil emulsion under an optical microscope.
(one) detection of conductivity of upper and lower layers of crude oil emulsion
The conductivity of the upper layer and the lower layer at different frequencies and the difference of the conductivity are shown in the table 1 and the table 2.
TABLE 1 Upper layer conductivity as a function of time (uS/m) at different frequencies
From table 1, fig. 3, it can be seen that the conductivity value is continuously increased with the increase of the frequency. The trend of the conductivity over time is consistent at each frequency. The overall trend of decrease is shown along with the increase of time, but the conductivity is increased and then decreased before and after 90min, and a maximum value appears. Indicating that the conductivity of the upper crude oil emulsion is decreasing. Presumably, the conductivity may be decreased because the particles of the upper layer slowly become large; the conductivity of the particles increases after the particle size reaches a certain size, the particle decrease is obvious after the particle size reaches the maximum value, and the influence of the particle decrease is larger than the influence of the particle coalescence.
TABLE 2 change of conductivity of lower layer with time at different frequencies
As shown in table 2 and fig. 4, the conductivity values increased continuously with increasing frequency. The trend of the conductivity over time is consistent at each frequency. The conductivity decreased first and then increased over time, and began to increase after 90 min. Indicating that the conductivity of the underlying crude oil emulsion decreased first and then increased.
The difference in conductivity between the upper and lower layers at different frequencies over time is shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 difference in conductivity at different frequencies as a function of time (%)
As can be seen from table 3 and fig. 5, the difference in conductivity between the upper and lower layers in each frequency band gradually increases as the standing time increases. After 80min, the bottom of the tube containing the emulsified crude oil was found to be uneven and the water at the bottom of the tube began to increase. It was also observed by microscopy that the water droplets in the water-in-oil emulsion slowly aggregated. The difference between the upper and lower layers at high frequencies is more pronounced than at low frequencies. It is preliminarily proved that the upper and lower layer conductivity method can more conveniently predict the stability of the crude oil emulsion at high frequency.
To examine the reproducibility of the crude oil emulsion experiments, the difference in conductance between the upper and lower layers was observed over time under the same conditions. After keeping the temperature for 15min, the conductivity difference of the upper and lower layers at different frequencies was measured, and the obtained data are shown in table 4 and fig. 6.
TABLE 4 variation of conductivity with time (%) -at different frequencies
As can be seen from table 4 and fig. 6, after the measurement was performed for 105min, the difference in conductance between the upper and lower layers was increased, the bottom of the test tube containing the crude oil emulsion was not flat, and the increase in water at the bottom of the test tube was observed. And the difference of the conductance of the upper layer and the lower layer is obviously increased, and the difference is more obvious at 10KHz than at 100 KHz. The difference in conductivity at high frequencies was always greater than at low frequencies, and it was also found by microscopic observation that water droplets in the water-in-oil emulsion slowly aggregated. At this time, it can be determined that the method for judging the stability of the crude oil emulsion by adopting the conductivity difference of the upper layer and the lower layer has good repeatability.
Optical microscope observation for demulsifying crude oil emulsion
To illustrate the stability of crude oil emulsions over time, the freshly prepared emulsified crude oil was observed under an optical microscope, which was magnified 900 times and the system was dispersed at different positions in the same field of view, as shown in FIG. 7.
From the different positions in fig. 7, it can be seen that the water drops are dispersed in the crude oil more uniformly, and the system is stable by measuring that the difference of the conductivity of the upper layer and the lower layer of the system is within 5%, and the bottom of the water diversion test tube is not changed.
After standing for 60min, the dispersion state of water droplets in the crude oil emulsion was observed, and the dispersion state of the system at different positions in the same visual field is shown in fig. 8.
As can be seen from fig. 8, the images a and B are observed under the magnification of 900 times of the microscope, the bead is dispersed in the system more uniformly, and as can be seen from comparison with the initial image, the radius of the bead in the system starts to increase, the difference between the conductivities of the upper layer and the lower layer is below 10%, no water drop still appears at the bottom of the water dividing test tube, and the comprehensive comparison shows that the system is still in a stable state.
At 110min, the dispersion of water droplets at different positions of the crude oil emulsion was observed, as shown in FIG. 9 below.
As can be seen from fig. 9, the upper layer of the visual field has a smaller bead radius, the lower layer has a significantly increased bead radius, and dynamic aggregation of water droplets is observed in a part of the visual field. The bottom of the water diversion test tube is not flat any more, and a small amount of water drops appear. Comparative analysis showed that the crude oil emulsion began to break after 110 min.
The method for representing the demulsification of the crude oil emulsion by using the conductivity difference method of the upper layer and the lower layer of the system can be determined by using the conductivity difference method of the upper layer and the lower layer of the system, the water-dividing test tube observation method and the microscope observation method. From the above, the stability of the sample can be rapidly predicted by measuring the conductivities of the upper layer and the lower layer of the sample and according to the difference of the conductivities of the upper layer and the lower layer, and the sensitivity is high.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for representing the stability of crude oil emulsion is characterized in that the conductivity values of a certain position of an upper layer and a lower layer of a sample to be measured are respectively measured; under the same frequency condition, the smaller the difference of the conductivity values of the upper layer and the lower layer is, the more stable the sample is.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the conductivity of the upper layer is measured at a position 3 to 6cm from the surface of the upper layer.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the measurement location is 5cm from the upper liquid level.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein, when measuring the conductivity of the lower layer, the measuring position is 3-6cm from the bottom of the sample; preferably, the measurement position is 5cm from the bottom of the sample.
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductivity is detected at high frequency, preferably 10KHz is chosen.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the sample to be measured is maintained at 20 ℃ to 25 ℃ during the measurement.
7. A device for representing the stability of crude oil emulsion is characterized by comprising a sample tube jacket, a sample tube, two conductivity meters, a constant-temperature circulating water bath device and two electrodes;
the sample tube is arranged in a sample tube jacket, and the sample tube jacket is connected with a constant-temperature circulating water bath device; the two electrodes are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sample tube, and the two conductivity meters are respectively connected with the wiring ports of the two electrodes.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the sample jacket material is glass.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the sample tube is placed in a sample holder to enable a water bath.
10. A method for characterizing the stability of crude oil emulsion by using the device as claimed in any one of claims 7-9, wherein the glass jacket is connected with the circulating water bath device to realize temperature control, the emulsified crude oil is added into the sample tube in the sample jacket, the temperature of the circulating water bath is set to be 20-25 ℃, after the circulating water bath is kept for 15min, two electrodes are respectively movably arranged at one position of the upper end and the lower end of the sample tube, the conductivity of the upper layer and the lower layer of the crude oil emulsification system is measured, and the conductivity difference is calculated, wherein the smaller the difference is, the more stable the sample is.
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