CN103919220A - 一种全脂核桃高浓浆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C11/00—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions
- A23C11/02—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins
- A23C11/10—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing or not lactose but no other milk components as source of fats, carbohydrates or proteins
- A23C11/103—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing or not lactose but no other milk components as source of fats, carbohydrates or proteins containing only proteins from pulses, oilseeds or nuts, e.g. nut milk
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种全脂核桃高浓浆及其制备方法,核桃高浓浆各原料组分按重量百分比为:核桃仁16%-32%,木糖醇6-9%,黄原胶0.1-0.3%,β-环状糊精0.1-1.5%,抗坏血酸钠0.01-0.1%,余量为纯化水。制备方法包括:原料的准备、灭菌、核桃仁浆液制备、复配、均质、灌装工序,黄原胶及木糖醇溶解,得料液a;核桃仁加水煮沸滤过,加入β-环状糊精,抗坏血酸钠及适量水70℃打浆过滤,得料液b;将料液a、b液混合,45-55℃下均质混匀,迅速冷却至室温,灌装封口即得。本发明采用了包合、混悬、抗氧化等新工艺制备核桃高浓浆,其工艺简单,方法易行、稳定性好。其核桃油脂、蛋白质、卵磷脂、不饱和脂肪酸等营养成分较常规方法制备的核桃乳含量较高,口感香醇细腻。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物蛋白饮料加工技术领域,具体涉及一种以核桃为原料制作的全脂核桃高浓浆,以及该全脂核桃高浓浆的制备工艺。
背景技术
核桃是营养丰富的一种干果,核桃仁中蛋白质的含量在15%左右,脂肪含量在60%左右,有“木本油料王”之称,富含19种氨基酸并且含有钙、磷、铁、镁、锰、锌等矿物质和多种维生素VA、VB1、VB2、VE、烟酸以及碳水化合物、胡萝卜素、核黄素等,具有极高的营养价值。有资料表明,500g核桃仁相当于2500g鸡蛋或4500g牛奶所含的营养素。核桃仁中的脂肪酸90%为亚油酸、亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸,对血管壁上沉积的胆固醇具有溶解作用,其具有降低胆固醇、防止动脉硬化的功能,易被人体消化吸收。核桃仁含有的丰富卵磷酯和维生素,对人的脑神经有营养保健作用,具有抗衰老和防治神经衰弱的功效。此外中医认为核桃仁不但具有补气养血、润燥化痰、温肺润肠等作用,还具有健脑乌发、补肾强腰的保健功效,因此核桃有长寿果及健脑佳品之美称。核桃高浓浆研制是将核桃仁在不脱种皮、不脱脂的情况下,将核桃仁用水1:2.5-1:5磨浆后,经过微磨、包合、助悬、均质等一系列加工制成的核桃乳。其色泽乳白,香味浓郁,保留了核桃的全部营养成分,营养价值高,易被人体消化吸收,美味可口,是一种很好的补脑、抗衰老营养饮品。其技术关键是首先脂肪颗粒如不能以水合物形式存在,其油水界面的高张力,将导致脂肪颗粒的游离,并在浮力和内聚力的作用下,很快聚集形成浮脂;其次核桃蛋白质以球蛋白为主,在水中的溶解性差,对热极为敏感,如不能使球蛋白质的原始结构适当展开,暴露 出疏水基团,并在此基础上形成稳定的复合物,进而增加蛋白质的溶解性,则蛋白质颗粒极易在内聚力的作用下絮凝,并在受热变性后沉淀;再有就是其高浓度的不饱和脂肪酸等极易氧化变质。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是,提供一种全脂高浓核桃浆,以及全脂高浓核桃浆的制备工艺。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种全脂核桃高浓浆,其特征在于各原料组分按重量百分比为:核桃仁16%-32%,木糖醇6-9%,黄原胶0.1-0.3%,β-环状糊精0.1-1.5%,抗坏血酸钠0.01-0.1%,余量为纯化水。该全脂核桃高浓浆制备方法按以下步骤制备:
A、纯化水煮沸灭菌1小时后,备用;
B、黄原胶及木糖醇混合均匀后,用纯化水溶解完全;
C、取核桃仁,加入纯化水适量,煮沸5-6分钟,过滤弃水,备用;
D、取纯化水适量,加入β-环状糊精,抗坏血酸钠,煮沸溶解,待溶液冷却至65-75℃时,加入核桃仁打浆,浆液用筛网滤过,备用;
E、取过滤后的核桃浆液,45-55℃下加入黄原胶液,均质混匀5-10分钟;
F、将均质混匀后的料液边搅拌边迅速冷却至室温后,灌装封口即得。
在上述制备方法中:B步骤中的黄原胶及木糖醇混合均匀后,用煮沸灭菌后且温度低于50℃的纯化水,少量多次,边加边搅拌,溶解完全。C步骤中的核桃仁加入沸水,没顶,煮沸5-6分钟,经脱涩、脱色、灭菌后,过滤备用。D步骤中的纯化水用量按核桃仁:水为1:2.5-1:5,采用等量打浆法,筛网目数为大于或等于180目。E步骤中采用普通均质机均质,转速1500-3000RPM,均质时间5-10分钟。等量打浆法是在密闭容器中,按处方比例称取核桃仁,及配制好打浆所需的溶液,混合后,在转速15000-20000RPM,打浆3-6分钟,浆液直接过滤调配,不再补充水量。
本品为呈均一灰白色的乳状液体,核桃气味芳香醇正,口感细腻柔滑,适宜人群广。
本发明与现有技术的不同特点:
一、核桃原浆浓度及成分含量不同
现有核桃乳生产技术,核桃仁与水的磨浆比例≥1:8,核桃仁与水的调配比例≥1:20。核桃乳国家标准如表1。
表1核桃乳国家标准
本发明,核桃仁与水的打浆比例为1:2.5~1:5,核桃仁与水的调配比例≤1:6,其较高浓度的核桃原浆,保留了核桃的全营养成分,其特点是浆液中富集了高浓度的脂肪颗粒和蛋白质颗粒,性状均一稳定,口感细腻,核桃味更天然。例如:按1:3打浆后调配的核桃乳,其成分检验结果如表2。
表2核桃高浓浆检验结果(核桃仁:水=1:3)
二、采用制备工艺不同
一般核桃乳制备工艺技术为:
核桃仁→碱液浸泡清洗→去皮脱涩→加水磨浆→辅料调配→细磨→均质→灭菌→罐装→冷却→成品。其工艺中采用水磨浆,调配工序一般要加入单硬酯酸甘油酯、脂肪酸蔗糖酯等食品乳化剂。
本发明的制备工艺见附图
该工艺独特之处在于,采用含抗坏血酸钠及β-环状糊精的溶液打浆,在不脱脂的情况下,高浓度油脂采用包合助悬技术而不是乳化技术,调配工序无需食品乳化剂。
目前市场上常见的核桃蛋白乳饮料中,全脂产品少,多数产品的生产工艺是先榨取核桃油,然后再利用核桃粕磨浆过滤配制核桃蛋白乳饮料。经除去核桃油后,蛋白质变性程度低,核桃乳稳定不易分层,贮藏稳定性好,但这种方法不仅去除了核桃果仁中的膳食纤维,其蛋白质、油脂等营养成分也有所损失。全脂核桃乳的难度在于,由于含油量高,因而易分层不稳定,容易发生变质。为了解决高含油量,已有的全脂核桃乳生产工艺采用20倍以上水稀释后进行调配,再配合乳化稳定剂,已达到全脂核桃乳饮料的稳定性。本发明利用包合助悬技术,成功解决了高含油量核桃浓浆的稳定性问题。
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明取得的技术进步是:
本发明的制备工艺,首先采用了微囊化包合混悬技术,一方面对易氧化、易分解的脂类等营养物质进行了包合,改善其水溶性,另一方面采用大分子多糖与蛋白质通过静电结合,在隐蔽蛋白质疏水基团的基础上,形成稳定的静电复合物,进而增加蛋白质的溶解性,抑制蛋白质受热变性后产生的沉淀。其次,对其易氧化含量高达90%以上的不饱和脂肪酸,采用β-环状糊精包合技术对其进行包合,使其分子进入环糊精空腔并形成水溶性包合物,从而减少其与外界环境的接触,即改善了不饱和脂肪酸的水溶性又可以提高其稳定性,能最大限度地保持不饱和脂肪酸的活性成分。其制备工艺稳定,产品质量可靠。此技术可避免常规的乳化助悬方法中,乳化作用形成热力学、动力学不稳定乳所带来的随着产品贮藏时间的延长,出现脂肪上浮和蛋白质沉降的问题,以及乳化过程中随着设备高能量的转化均质所带来的对蛋白质等营养物质的破坏,同时极 大的提高了核桃蛋白和核桃脂类等营养物质的含量,其制得的新型全脂核桃高浓浆,营养丰富,营养物质含量较高,口感香醇细腻。
此外,对其使用效果还进行了132例普通人群试饮的观察,均为成年人,年龄25-60岁,其中男73例,女59例,总体满意度达94%,具体使用效果如表3所示。
表3132例饮用本品的满意程度
人数 | 性别 | 满意 | 比较满意 | 不满意 |
73 | 男 | 12 | 58 | 3 |
59 | 女 | 22 | 32 | 5 |
附图说明
附图为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1)全脂核桃高浓浆,各原料组分按重量百分比为:
核桃仁15.7%,木糖醇9%,黄原胶0.15%,β-环状糊精0.2%,抗坏血酸钠0.01%,余量为纯化水。
2)全脂核桃高浓浆的制备工艺按以下步骤进行:
A、纯化水煮沸灭菌1小时后,备用;
B、黄原胶及木糖醇混合均匀后,分多次,逐次少量加入到40℃纯化水中,边加边搅拌,使其溶解完全;
C、取核桃仁,加入纯化水适量,没顶,煮沸5分钟,过滤弃水,备用;
D、取核桃仁5倍量的纯化水,加入β-环状糊精,抗坏血酸钠,煮沸溶解,待溶液冷却至65℃时,加入核桃仁,15000RPM等量打浆6分钟,浆液用180目筛网滤过,备用;
E、取过滤后的核桃浆液,45℃下加入黄原胶液,1500RPM均质10分钟;
F、将均质混匀后的料液边搅拌边迅速冷却至室温后,灌装封口即得。
实施例2
1)全脂核桃高浓浆,各原料组分按重量百分比为:
核桃仁17.4%,木糖醇9%,黄原胶0.17%,β-环状糊精0.3%,抗坏血酸钠0.015%,余量为纯化水。
2)全脂核桃高浓浆的制备工艺中,打浆用水量为核桃仁用量的4.5倍,其余同实施例1。
实施例3
1)全脂核桃高浓浆,各原料组分按重量百分比为:
核桃仁19.8%,木糖醇8%,黄原胶0.2%,β-环状糊精0.5%,抗坏血酸钠0.03%,余量为纯化水。
2)全脂核桃高浓浆的制备工艺中,打浆用水量为核桃仁用量的4倍,其余同实施例1。
实施例4
1)全脂核桃高浓浆,各原料组分按重量百分比为:
核桃仁22.7%,木糖醇7.5%,黄原胶0.22%,β-环状糊精0.7%,抗坏血酸钠0.05%,余量为纯化水。
2)全脂核桃高浓浆的制备工艺按以下步骤进行:
A、纯化水煮沸灭菌1小时后,备用;
B、黄原胶及木糖醇混合均匀后,分多次,逐次少量加入到45℃纯化水中,边加边搅拌,使其溶解完全;
C、取核桃仁,加入纯化水适量,没顶,煮沸6分钟,过滤弃水,备用;
D、取核桃仁3.5倍量的纯化水,加入β-环状糊精,抗坏血酸钠,煮沸溶解,待溶液冷却至75℃时,加入核桃仁,20000RPM等量打浆3分钟,浆液用200目筛网滤过,备用;
E、取过滤后的核桃浆液,55℃下加入黄原胶液,3000RPM均质5分钟;
F、将均质混匀后的料液边搅拌边迅速冷却至室温后,灌装封口即得。
实施例5
1)全脂核桃高浓浆,各原料组分按重量百分比为:
核桃仁26.6%,木糖醇7%,黄原胶0.25%,β-环状糊精1.0%,抗坏血酸钠0.07%,余量为纯化水。
2)全脂核桃高浓浆的制备工艺中,打浆用水量为核桃仁用量的3倍,其余同实施例4。
实施例6
1)全脂核桃高浓浆,各原料组分按重量百分比为:
核桃仁32%,木糖醇6%,黄原胶0.3%,β-环状糊精1.5%,抗坏血酸钠0.1%,余量为纯化水。
2)全脂核桃高浓浆的制备工艺中,打浆用水量为核桃仁用量的2.5倍,其余同实施例4。
Claims (7)
1.一种全脂核桃高浓浆,其特征在于各原料组分按重量百分比为:核桃仁16%-32%,木糖醇6-9%,黄原胶0.1-0.3%,β-环状糊精0.1-1.5%,抗坏血酸钠0.01-0.1%,余量为纯化水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全脂核桃高浓浆,其特征在于制备方法按以下步骤制备:
A、纯化水煮沸灭菌1小时后,备用;
B、黄原胶及木糖醇混合均匀后,用纯化水溶解完全;
C、取核桃仁,加入纯化水适量,煮沸5-6分钟,过滤弃水,备用;
D、取纯化水适量,加入β-环状糊精,抗坏血酸钠,煮沸溶解,待溶液冷却至65-75℃时,加入核桃仁打浆,浆液用筛网滤过,备用;
E、取过滤后的核桃浆液,45-55℃下加入黄原胶液,均质混匀5-10分钟;
F、将均质混匀后的料液边搅拌边迅速冷却至室温后,灌装封口即得。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种全脂核桃高浓浆,其特征在于:B步骤中的黄原胶及木糖醇混合均匀后,用煮沸灭菌后且温度低于50℃的纯化水,少量多次,边加边搅拌,溶解完全。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种全脂核桃高浓浆,其特征在于:C步骤中的核桃仁加入沸水,没顶,煮沸5-6分钟,经脱涩、脱色、灭菌后,过滤备用。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种全脂核桃高浓浆,其特征在于:D步骤中的纯化水用量按核桃仁:水为1:2.5-1:5,采用等量打浆法,筛网目数为大于或等于180目。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种全脂核桃高浓浆,其特征在于:E步骤中采用普通均质机均质,转速1500-3000RPM,均质时间5-10分钟。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种全脂核桃高浓浆,其特征在于:等量打浆法是在密闭容器中,按处方比例称取核桃仁,及配制好打浆所需的溶液,混合后,在转速15000-20000RPM,打浆3-6分钟,浆液直接过滤调配,不再补充水量。
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