Background technology
Twisted polyethylene cable, with its rational structure, technique and good electric property and the higher advantages such as security, is at home and abroad widely used in transmission line of electricity and power distribution network.But cable is being produced, transportation, in installation and operational process, may produce the various defects such as air gap, burr and impurity.Exist defect or long-time running to cause the cable after deteriorated that shelf depreciation easily occurs, under long shelf depreciation effect, further can cause puncturing of cable insulation, once have an accident, likely can make Large-scale Blackout in Cities, enterprise's stopping production, hospital's power-off, thereby cause larger economic loss and personal safety etc., be therefore necessary cable to carry out partial discharge test before putting into operation and after operation.
Partial discharge test is the main project of cable insulation non-destructive electrical inspection always.Up to now, the domestic and international method for XLPE cable and annex Partial Discharge Detection thereof has a lot.But because local discharge signal in XLPE cable and annex thereof is faint, waveform is complicated and changeable, is very easily flooded by ground unrest and outside electromagnetic interference noise in traditional measurement, in measuring at the scene, environmental interference is more complicated, and difficulty can be larger.Countries in the world professional person is devoted to one after another the exploitation of highly sensitive Partial discharge detector device and cable insulation is carried out to the detection of shelf depreciation.
Development along with electronic technology, on the basis of traditional pulse current method, developed based on broadband detection technique, that Applied Digital signal processing method carries out is anti-interference, the computer assisted Partial Discharge Measuring Technology of location and spectrum analysis, has greatly promoted the development of cable local discharge measuring technique.Wave of oscillation office puts pick-up unit and puts and detect and locator meams as the on-the-spot office of a kind of novel more conveniently cable, have good with AC power method equivalence, action time is short, easy to operate, be easy to carry about with one, can effectively detect the various defects in XLPE cable, and test can be to features such as cable cause damage.But in measuring at the scene, if defect is small or external interference is larger, all the office of making puts and detects and positioning difficulty strengthens greatly, so at the scene in Partial Discharge Detection, effective extraction and the amplification of signal are one of difficult points urgently completing.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the not high problem of sensitivity of current cable local discharge Site Detection, provide cable local discharge detection device and detection method under a kind of damp oscillatory wave effectively to improve sensitivity and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of partial discharge signal detection.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Under a cable local discharge detection device, comprising: signal coupling unit and broadband amplifying unit; Described signal coupling unit comprises detection impedance and coupling capacitance, detects one end of impedance and the low-pressure side of coupling capacitance and is connected, and other end ground connection, the high-pressure side of described coupling capacitance is connected with high-voltage power supply; Described broadband amplifying unit comprises attenuator, attenuator driving circuit, latch and amplifier, the output of described signal coupling unit is connected with the input of attenuator, the output of described attenuator is connected with amplifier, the input of described attenuator driving circuit is connected with the output of latch, and the input of described latch is connected with the output of host computer.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, described signal coupling unit further includes isolating transformer, detects impedance, coupling capacitance, and isolating transformer forms RLC type coupling circuit.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, described signal coupling unit further comprises fuse, diode, and filter capacitor, the output terminal of described detection impedance connects described fuse and described filter capacitor successively, and the two ends of described detection impedance also connect described diode.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, described attenuator mainly consists of resistance, appearance attenuator and relay, by the program control change that realizes attenuation multiple of host computer.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, described amplifier adopts three grades of differential amplifications, single-ended input, and Single-end output, to reduce common mode interference.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the enlargement factor prime of described third stage amplifier is large, and rear class is little.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the input signal amplitude limit of described amplifier is 1mV~8V, and output signal amplitude limit is 5V.
Detection method based on above-mentioned detection device is: by signal coupling unit, extract the cable local discharge signal under damped oscillation wave voltage, then send this discharge signal to wide-band amplifier, if discharge signal is little current signal, skip attenuator and diameter amplifies by amplifier, if this discharge signal is large electric current, after first decaying by attenuator, by amplifier, amplify again.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the criterion of described large electric current and little electric current is: if exceeded the maximum range of amplifier after the amplifier amplification of this electric current via minimum multiple, judge that this circuit is large electric current, otherwise be little electric current
Compared with prior art, apparatus of the present invention at least have the following advantages: the present invention by signal coupling element coupling to the local discharge signal in cable, then by broadband amplifying unit, this discharge signal is amplified, when signal amplifies, host computer is according to the output signal size of amplifier, send the control signal of correspondingly switching attenuator, thereby realize the suitable amplification to collection signal.
Embodiment
The invention provides cable local discharge detection device under a kind of damped oscillation wave voltage, comprise signal coupling unit and wide-band amplifier.
Signal coupling unit is mainly by detecting impedance, fuse, and discharge tube, filter capacitor, isolating transformer forms, and its Main Function is for extracting the cable local discharge signal under damped oscillation wave voltage.Wherein, one end ground connection of described detection impedance, one end is connected with high-voltage power supply by coupling capacitance in addition; Described discharge tube is connected in parallel with detecting impedance, and one end of described discharge tube is directly connected with one end of isolating transformer, other one end that other one end of discharge tube is connected to isolating transformer by the fuse of connecting and filter capacitor.Detection impedance in testing circuit and the primary winding of coupling capacitance and isolating transformer form RLC type coupling circuit, thus coupling local discharge signal.Filter capacitor C1 and primary winding form filter circuit, avoid the undesired signal of measuring side to enter subsequent conditioning circuit.Isolating transformer plays effective transmission of signal.Another feature of this signal coupling unit is that fuse and discharge tube are housed, and when curtage is larger, can effectively protect testing circuit.
Wide-band amplifier unit in the present invention mainly comprises attenuator, attenuator driving circuit, latch and amplifier.
Consider different discharge levels, need different enlargement factors, amplifier has variable enlargement factor: 1 times, 5 times, 10 times, 50 times, 100 times, and 500 times.The input signal amplitude limit of amplifier is 1mV~8V, and output signal amplitude limit is 5V.Thereby when inputing or outputing when higher, can play certain protective effect.
The present invention has higher enlargement factor, lower own ship's noise and wider frequency response.According to XLPE cable Site Detection and positioning requirements, having designed frequency band is 20kHz~15MHz, and amplification coefficient can reach detection impedance and the wide-band amplifier of 500 times.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing explanation, the present invention is described in further detail:
1. signal coupling unit
The Main Function of signal coupling of the present invention unit (detection impedance) is the authentic and valid local discharge signal in cable that is coupled to, and the low frequency signal of the power frequency of trial voltage and resonance thereof is suppressed or filtering.Therefore, detect impedance the frequency characteristic of instrument and sensitivity are had to direct relation.
Refer to shown in Fig. 1, one end of detecting impedance is connected with the low-pressure side of high pressure coupling capacitance, other end ground connection.The primary winding that connects successively fuse, filter capacitor and isolating transformer at the output terminal that detects impedance, and detecting the two ends of impedance and connecing discharge tube.
High pressure coupling capacitance C
kfor 1nF, by converting different impedance parameters, reach best frequency response and higher sensitivity.When the frequency response of detection impedance refers to voltage source frequency change, detect impedance both end voltage U
z(mV) with by dividing potential drop capacitor C
kelectric current I
c(mA) ratio U
z/ I
c(mV/mA).When its resistance is 2k ohm, its frequency response is 30kHz~15MHz, and response is milder in this frequency band, and sensitivity is relatively high, can meet this system office and put the requirement that detects and locate.
Other parameters of signal coupling of the present invention unit are as follows: filter capacitor is 0.1uF, and isolating transformer adopts radio-frequency transformer (RFT) (turn ratio is 1), and fuse adopts the fuse of 30mA, and discharge tube adopts the gas-discharge tube of 75V.
(1) to the above-mentioned detection impedance of having optimized with take the Rogowsky coil current sensor that Ni-Zn material is magnetic core and carry out frequency response contrast experiment.
Refer to shown in Fig. 3.Known: in frequency band 30kHz~15MHz interval, to compare Rogowsky coil current sensor, detect impedance and there is good frequency response and higher sensitivity, can meet better the requirement of Partial Discharge Detection.
(2) input quantity is 50pC square-wave signal contrast test
Refer to shown in Fig. 4.When square-wave signal that input quantity is 50pC, can find out by detecting the pulse signal that impedance surveys to be: rising time is t=20ns, and amplitude is Vp=35mV, and survey frequency is 12.5MHz left and right; The pulse signal of surveying by Rogowsky coil current sensor is: rising time is t=30ns, and amplitude is Vp=15mV, and survey frequency is 8.3MHz left and right.Further can find out, the signal coupling ability that detects impedance is better than Rogowsky coil current sensor
2. wide-band amplifier unit
The electrical block diagram of wide-band amplifier of the present invention is consulted shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, mainly comprises attenuator, attenuator driving circuit, latch and amplifier.
Attenuator is in order to expand the scope of application of amplifier, unattenuated to small-signal, directly amplifies, and large-signal is first decayed, and then amplify, and is unlikely to like this when large-signal, and amplifier enters state of saturation.The enlargement factor of amplifier is constant, and bandwidth that like this can hold amplifier is constant.Attenuator mainly consists of resistance, appearance attenuator and relay, by the program control change that realizes attenuation multiple of host computer.Attenuation multiple is divided into * 1, * 5, * 10, * 50, * 100, * 500 6 grades.
Attenuator driving circuit is in order to guarantee relay adhesive and adding reliably, to coming from the control signal of latch, carry out electric current amplification, electric current while increasing adhesive in relay coil, guarantees relay adhesive reliably, thereby realizes the reliable of attenuator!
Latch is the control signal of sending in order to preserve host computer, and that adopt in the present invention is latch SN74HC573A.Host computer is according to the size of amplifier output signal, the control signal of correspondingly switching attenuator of sending, host computer only need send control signal one time, and latch just can be latched, host computer keep the attenuation multiple of attenuator constant, unless will switch attenuation multiple.
Amplifier of the present invention adopts three grades of differential amplifications, single-ended input, Single-end output.Adopting the object of differential amplification is in order to reduce common mode interference.The key of Amplifier Design will improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) exactly by every means, so faint discharge signal can be detected.
Therefore amplifier has adopted low noise broadband operational amplifier AD8001 to realize, and has three grades and amplifies composition.In order to reduce the noise of amplifier itself, the enlargement factor prime of third stage amplifier is as far as possible large, and rear class is as far as possible little, and the noise of amplifier itself is unlikely to be amplified in a large number like this, and the own ship's noise of step-down amplifier improves the ability that detects discharge signal.The design frequency band of this amplifier is 20kHz~43MHz, and maximum gain is 500 times.
Detail parameters of the present invention and design are consulted shown in Fig. 6.
By the performance test of Dui Zhe unit, when input size is the pulse signal of 5mV, the impulse response that amplifier is surveyed at each gear is as shown in table 1, can find out that this wide-band amplifier meets design requirement.
The amplification performance of table 1 wide-band amplifier
3. detect impedance and the testing authentication of wide-band amplifier shelf depreciation
1) laboratory corona discharge model measurement
In order to verify performance of the present invention, chamber corona discharge model measurement by experiment, detects test line graph and refers to Fig. 7.The test product of choosing in this experiment is that the high-voltage capacitor (50kV is put without office) that is in series with 42 μ F of corona discharge model (needle plate) is in parallel.Before measuring, first adopt square wave correcting unit to proofread and correct test product, wherein square-wave signal is applied to the two ends of coronal model.After having calibrated, whole system is applied to voltage.By wave of oscillation voltage source, test product is progressively pressurizeed, when being forced into 4.5kV, reach its partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV), start electric discharge.Experimental result spectrogram as shown in Figure 8.From figure, can clearly find out and adopt this to detect the local discharge signal recording after impedance and wide-band amplifier.Along with rising discharge time and the amplitude of voltage all can increase to some extent, and near 90 °, there is the pulse that amplitude is larger to occur.
Laboratory proofing of the present invention is executed outside under high voltage condition and is carried out, and requires to measure test product local discharge signal simultaneously, therefore, has not allowed any nonisulated body near high-field electrode in screened room, in order to avoid measurement of partial discharge is formed and disturbed.
The foregoing is only one embodiment of the present invention, it not whole or unique embodiment, the conversion of any equivalence that those of ordinary skills take technical solution of the present invention by reading instructions of the present invention, is claim of the present invention and contains.