CN103440019A - Analogy control circuit capable of achieving photovoltaic cell maximum power point tracing - Google Patents
Analogy control circuit capable of achieving photovoltaic cell maximum power point tracing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103440019A CN103440019A CN2013103616345A CN201310361634A CN103440019A CN 103440019 A CN103440019 A CN 103440019A CN 2013103616345 A CN2013103616345 A CN 2013103616345A CN 201310361634 A CN201310361634 A CN 201310361634A CN 103440019 A CN103440019 A CN 103440019A
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an analogy control circuit capable of achieving photovoltaic cell maximum power point tracing, and belongs to the technical field of power electronic application. The analogy control circuit comprises an analogy multiplier, two differentiators, two comparators, an XNOR and a D trigger. According to the analogy control circuit, based on a perturbation and observation method, the change rate of output currents of a photovoltaic cell and the change rate of the output power of the photovoltaic cell are compared, the simple and practical analogy control circuit is used, the output currents and voltages of the photovoltaic cell only need to be sampled, charging-discharging of output end capacitance of the photovoltaic cell is controlled based on on/off, the output currents (or voltages) of the photovoltaic cell are made to achieve maximum power point currents (or voltages), and the maximum power point tracing in the real sense is achieved. The analogy control circuit capable of achieving photovoltaic cell maximum power point tracing is applied to a solar photovoltaic power generating system, and has good engineering application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of analog control circuit of realizing that maximum power of photovoltaic cell point is followed the tracks of, belong to the power electronics applied technical field.
Background technology
The photovoltaic cell output characteristics has strong nonlinear characteristic, and is subject to the change of Intensity of the sunlight and environment temperature and changes.Under certain Intensity of the sunlight and environment temperature, photovoltaic cell can have different output currents, but only when a certain specific output current its corresponding output power just can reach maximal value, now photovoltaic cell is operated in maximum power point.Therefore, in solar photovoltaic generation system, in order to improve the electric energy transfer capability of photovoltaic cell, must adjust in real time the working point of photovoltaic cell, make it to always work near maximum power point, realize maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking is called for short MPPT).In the last few years, the various countries scholar had carried out a large amount of significant research work and had proposed a lot of implementation methods for this problem.
Current the most frequently used MPPT method mainly contains two kinds, i.e. conductance increment method (Incremental Conductance) and disturbance observation (Perturb & Observe).Conductance increment method be by the conductance increment of photovoltaic battery array relatively and moment electricity lead to change control signal, reach maximum power point thereby change its output voltage.The method is controlled accurately, the variation of acclimatization condition fast, but to the requirement of hardware, particularly the accuracy requirement of sensor is higher, otherwise will inevitably produce error.The disturbance observation is often to change at regular intervals the operating voltage of photovoltaic cell, and before and after Real Time Observation relatively changes, the output power value of 2, to change the direction of regulation voltage, finally is stabilized near maximum power point.Although the disturbance observation can cause near real work point slightly vibration maximum power point of photovoltaic battery array, cause certain micropower loss, the method only need to be measured electric current and two parameters of voltage, therefore is easy to realize and be used widely.
Under certain sun light intensity and environment temperature, photovoltaic cell has unique maximum power point.Because photovoltaic cell is exported different power with the difference of load, therefore it directly can not be connected with load.In order to make photovoltaic cell provide peak power to load, must between photovoltaic cell and load, add an impedance transformer (generally adopting the DC/DC transducer), by suitable control algolithm, this transducer is controlled, made the just in time maximum power point of corresponding photovoltaic cell of working point after conversion.Common way is to utilize microprocessor and corresponding interface, driving circuit the DC/DC transducer to be carried out to Digital Control and realize.But Digital Control also comes with some shortcomings: numerically controlled real-time wants slow than mimic channel, and precision and efficiency are also a bit weaker in addition.If can realize with simple mimic channel, also can save cost, simplify and control.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that existing maximum power point tracking control circuit of photovoltaic cell exists, propose a kind of analog control circuit of realizing that maximum power of photovoltaic cell point is followed the tracks of.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of analog control circuit of realizing that maximum power of photovoltaic cell point is followed the tracks of, the analog control circuit that the present invention proposes carrys out simple realization by hardware circuit, comprise an analog multiplier, two differentiators, two comparers, one with or logic gate (XNOR) and one
dtrigger.The photovoltaic cell sample rate current
i pvwith capacitor C
1an end be connected, C
1the other end with the reverse input end of operational amplifier OP1, be connected, the input end grounding in the same way of operational amplifier OP1, resistance
r 1an end with the reverse input end of operational amplifier OP1, be connected,
r 1the other end with the output terminal of operational amplifier OP1, be connected, the output terminal of operational amplifier OP1 is connected with the inverting input of comparator C omp1, the in-phase input end ground connection of comparator C omp1, input end of analog multiplier AD633 and photovoltaic cell sample rate current
i pvbe connected, another input end of AD633 and photovoltaic cell sampled voltage
v pvbe connected, the output terminal of AD633 and capacitor C
2an end be connected, capacitor C
2the other end with the reverse input end of operational amplifier OP1, be connected, the input end grounding in the same way of operational amplifier OP2, resistance
r 2an end with the reverse input end of operational amplifier OP2, be connected,
r 2the other end with the output terminal of operational amplifier OP2, be connected, the output terminal of operational amplifier OP2 is connected with the inverting input of comparator C omp2, the in-phase input end ground connection of comparator C omp2, the output terminal of comparator C omp1 is connected with the input end of same or logic gate XNOR, the output terminal of comparator C omp2 with or another input end of logic gate XNOR be connected, the output terminal of XNOR and
dtrigger
dinput end is connected,
dthe clock signal input terminal of trigger
clkthe clock signal that the external cycle is 10us,
dtrigger
qthe output terminal output drive signal
q drvdrive the power tube of main circuit
q 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
This circuit is based on the disturbance observation, by the rate of change of comparison photovoltaic cell output current and the rate of change of output power, utilize simple and practical mimic channel, output current and the voltage of photovoltaic cell only need to sample, control discharging and recharging of photovoltaic cell output capacitor based on on/off, make photovoltaic cell output current (or voltage) reach maximum power point electric current (or voltage), realized MPPT truly.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Buck DC-DC inverter main circuit figure;
Fig. 2 is MPPT maximum power point tracking analog control circuit figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
The present invention specifically implements to adopt Buck DC-DC transducer to realize the tracking of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point as main circuit, for the charging of load end 48V lead-acid accumulator, as shown in Figure 1, in figure:
d pvfor the anti-reverse charging diode,
c pvfor storage capacitor,
q 1for power tube,
d 1for fly-wheel diode,
l 1for inductance,
c ofor output filter capacitor,
r lDfor pull-up resistor,
i pvfor the photovoltaic cell electric current,
v pvfor photovoltaic cell voltage,
i ofor load current,
v ofor output voltage.The power-current characteristic of photovoltaic cell as shown in Figure 2, in figure:
p pVfor the output power from photovoltaic cells,
i pVfor the photovoltaic cell output current,
p mfor maximum power of photovoltaic cell point power,
i mfor maximum power of photovoltaic cell point electric current,
i scfor photovoltaic cell short-circuit current, the corresponding maximum power point of MPP.If
v ocfor the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic cell,
v mvoltage for maximum power of photovoltaic cell point (MPP).At output current
i=I m the time, corresponding maximum power point (MPP), now slope d
p pv/ d
i pv=0, the photovoltaic cell Maximum Power Output
p m.
For the MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) that realizes Fig. 1 system, with respect to traditional Buck circuit, in solar photovoltaic generation system, need to be at a photovoltaic cell outgoing side storage capacitor in parallel
c pv, work as switching tube
qduring shutoff, can guarantee that the photovoltaic cell output current is continuous, can not cause its work off and on, all the time in optimum Working, thereby avoid the loss of power.By controlling Buck DC-DC converter switches pipe
qbreak-make control storage capacitor
c pvdischarge and recharge, the output voltage of photovoltaic cell is reached
v pv=
v m, also i.e. final realization
i pv=
i m.
In the left side of the maximum power of photovoltaic cell point shown in Fig. 2,
i pv<
i mif,
p pvwith
i pvreduce (is d simultaneously
p pv/ dt<0 and d
i pv/ dt<0), increase (is d or simultaneously
p pv/ dt>0 and d
i pv/ dt>0), now open switching tube
q, electric capacity
c pvbe discharged, output voltage
v pvto be decreased to
v m, output current
i pvto increase to
i m; On the right side of maximum power point,
i pv?
i mif,
p pvincrease and
i pvreduce (d
p pv/ dt>0 and d
i pv/ dt<0), or
ppv reduce and
ipv increases (d
p pv/ dt<0 and d
i pv/ dt>0), on-off switching tube now
q, electric capacity
c pvbe recharged, output voltage
v pvto increase to
v m, output current
i pvto be decreased to
i m.Its operation logic can be summarized as shown in following table.
The system of it is pointed out that can not be operated in maximum power point just.Because if
i pv=
i m(
v=
v m), switching tube turn-offs and makes
v pvincrease, but controller can make again switching tube open to make subsequently
v pvreduce, therefore
i pv(
v pv) can exist
i m(
v m) near do slightly vibration and bring the micropower loss.The MPPT controller can carry out simple realization by hardware circuit, by an analog multiplier, two differentiators, two comparers and an inclusive OR logic gate (XNOR), formed, as shown in Figure 2, in figure:
i pvfor the photovoltaic cell sample rate current;
v pvfor the photovoltaic cell sampled voltage; C
1, C
2for electric capacity; OP1, OP2 are operational amplifier;
r 1,
r 2for resistance; Comp1, Comp2 are comparer; AD633 is analog multiplier; XNOR is same or logic gate; D, Q,
clkfor
dthree terminals of trigger;
q drvfor driving signal;
t sfor the cycle of clock signal.The output signal of OP1 is-
dI pv/
dt; The output signal of OP2 is-
dP pv/
dt.
In order to verify the correctness of the analog control circuit that maximum power of photovoltaic cell point that the present invention proposes is followed the tracks of, complete a MPPT principle prototype in laboratory.4 monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell components that photovoltaic battery array is produced by Wuxi Shangde Solar Energy Power Co., Ltd are composed in series, and the parameter of every photovoltaic cell component under standard test condition is:
v m=34.4V,
i m=4.51A,
i sc=4.9A,
v oc=43.2V.After the assembly series connection, total electricity function index corresponds to:
v m=137.6V,
i m=4.51A,
i sc=4.9A,
v oc=172.8V.Main circuit adopts Buck DC-DC transducer, and its parameter is selected: filter inductance
l=400 μ H, filter capacitor
c o=330 μ F, the input end storage capacitor
c pv=470 μ F.
The instantaneous weather condition of measuring during experiment is: sun light intensity is
s=700W/m
2, the temperature of photovoltaic cell is
t=43 ℃, now corresponding open-circuit voltage is about
v oc=161V.Experimental result shows the output voltage of photovoltaic battery array
v pvat corresponding maximum power point voltage
v mthe vibration fluctuation of=130V left and right, when
v pvwhile reducing, the output current that it is corresponding
i pvincrease, vice versa.Photovoltaic battery array can well be operated in the MPPT state.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention.All any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. an analog control circuit of realizing that maximum power of photovoltaic cell point is followed the tracks of is characterized in that: comprise an analog multiplier, two operational amplifiers, two comparers, one with or logic gate, one
dtrigger; Described analog control circuit is for the rate of change by comparing the photovoltaic cell output current and the rate of change of output power, control discharging and recharging of photovoltaic cell output capacitor based on on/off, make photovoltaic cell output current or voltage reach the maximum power point curtage.
2. a kind of analog control circuit of realizing that maximum power of photovoltaic cell point is followed the tracks of according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the photovoltaic cell sample rate current
i pvwith capacitor C
1an end be connected, C
1the other end with the reverse input end of operational amplifier OP1, be connected, the input end grounding in the same way of operational amplifier OP1, resistance
r 1an end with the reverse input end of operational amplifier OP1, be connected,
r 1the other end with the output terminal of operational amplifier OP1, be connected, the output terminal of operational amplifier OP1 is connected with the inverting input of comparator C omp1, the in-phase input end ground connection of comparator C omp1, input end of analog multiplier AD633 and photovoltaic cell sample rate current
i pvbe connected, another input end of AD633 and photovoltaic cell sampled voltage
v pvbe connected, the output terminal of AD633 and capacitor C
2an end be connected, capacitor C
2the other end with the reverse input end of operational amplifier OP1, be connected, the input end grounding in the same way of operational amplifier OP2, resistance
r 2an end with the reverse input end of operational amplifier OP2, be connected,
r 2the other end with the output terminal of operational amplifier OP2, be connected, the output terminal of operational amplifier OP2 is connected with the inverting input of comparator C omp2, the in-phase input end ground connection of comparator C omp2, the output terminal of comparator C omp1 is connected with the input end of same or logic gate XNOR, the output terminal of comparator C omp2 with or another input end of logic gate XNOR be connected, the output terminal of XNOR and
dtrigger
dinput end is connected,
dthe clock signal input terminal of trigger
clkthe clock signal that the external cycle is 10us,
dtrigger
qthe output terminal output drive signal
q drvdrive the power tube of main circuit
q 1.
3. a kind of analog control circuit of realizing that maximum power of photovoltaic cell point is followed the tracks of according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: adopt Buck DC-DC transducer to realize the tracking of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point as main circuit.
4. a kind of analog control circuit of realizing that maximum power of photovoltaic cell point is followed the tracks of according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described Buck DC-DC transducer comprises a power tube
q 1, a fly-wheel diode
d 1, an inductance
l 1with an output filter capacitor
c 0; Described power tube
q 1input end with the positive pole of photovoltaic cell, be connected, output terminal and inductance
l 1an end be connected, inductance
l 1the other end and output filter capacitor
c 0be connected, fly-wheel diode
d 1negative pole and power tube
q 1output terminal be connected, fly-wheel diode
d 1positive pole respectively with negative pole and the output filter capacitor of photovoltaic cell
c 0be connected.
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105867515A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-17 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Solar cell array maximum power tracking hardware circuit |
| CN106774609A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Maximum working point tracking control circuit for space |
| CN107092300A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-08-25 | 浙江大学 | A kind of MPPT circuits of counting, stored digital and comparing function multiplexing |
| CN107102674A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-29 | 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Low pressure difference linear voltage regulator |
| CN107102675A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-29 | 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Low pressure difference linear voltage regulator |
| CN107102668A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-29 | 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Low pressure difference linear voltage regulator |
| CN107102666A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-29 | 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Low pressure difference linear voltage regulator |
| CN107505975A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江大学 | A kind of MPPT for solar power generation simulates control chip |
| CN108899987A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-11-27 | 福建师范大学 | A kind of solar charging electric control circuit with MPPT function |
| CN109066847A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-21 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic power generation charge-discharge control circuit |
| CN109672166A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-04-23 | 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 | Power optimized system and its optimization method |
| CN110275564A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-24 | 济南大学 | Photovoltaic maximal power tracing optimal control method, system, medium and equipment |
| CN112332517A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-05 | 许继电源有限公司 | Photovoltaic charging MPPT control circuit |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107102674A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-29 | 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Low pressure difference linear voltage regulator |
| CN107102675A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-29 | 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Low pressure difference linear voltage regulator |
| CN107102668A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-29 | 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Low pressure difference linear voltage regulator |
| CN107102666A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-29 | 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Low pressure difference linear voltage regulator |
| CN105867515A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-17 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Solar cell array maximum power tracking hardware circuit |
| CN106774609A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Maximum working point tracking control circuit for space |
| CN107092300A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-08-25 | 浙江大学 | A kind of MPPT circuits of counting, stored digital and comparing function multiplexing |
| CN107505975B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2023-03-14 | 浙江大学 | MPPT (maximum power point tracking) analog control chip for solar power generation |
| CN107505975A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江大学 | A kind of MPPT for solar power generation simulates control chip |
| CN109672166A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-04-23 | 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 | Power optimized system and its optimization method |
| CN109066847A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-21 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic power generation charge-discharge control circuit |
| CN108899987A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-11-27 | 福建师范大学 | A kind of solar charging electric control circuit with MPPT function |
| CN108899987B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2023-04-25 | 福建师范大学 | Solar charging control circuit with MPPT function |
| CN110275564B (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2021-06-08 | 济南大学 | Photovoltaic maximum power tracking optimization control method, system, medium and equipment |
| CN110275564A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-24 | 济南大学 | Photovoltaic maximal power tracing optimal control method, system, medium and equipment |
| CN112332517A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-05 | 许继电源有限公司 | Photovoltaic charging MPPT control circuit |
| CN112332517B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-26 | 许继电源有限公司 | Photovoltaic charging MPPT control circuit |
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Application publication date: 20131211 |