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CN108899987B - Solar charging control circuit with MPPT function - Google Patents

Solar charging control circuit with MPPT function Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108899987B
CN108899987B CN201811114189.1A CN201811114189A CN108899987B CN 108899987 B CN108899987 B CN 108899987B CN 201811114189 A CN201811114189 A CN 201811114189A CN 108899987 B CN108899987 B CN 108899987B
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voltage
pin
operational amplifier
module
photovoltaic cell
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CN108899987A (en
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苏伟达
吴允平
王廷银
李汪彪
蔡声镇
黄通情
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Fujian Normal University
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Fujian Normal University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar charging control circuit with an MPPT function. The circuit is composed of a photovoltaic cell panel, a DC-DC module, a storage battery, an LDO voltage stabilizer, an operational amplifier, a diode, a capacitor and resistors R1-R4. The photovoltaic cell panel is connected with the DC-DC module, and the DC-DC module is connected with the storage battery. The LDO voltage stabilizer is connected with the photovoltaic cell panel; the output terminal is connected with a resistor R3. The operational amplifier pin 3 is connected with the other pin of the resistor R3; the pin 2 is connected with the resistors R1 and R2; the pin 8 is connected with an LDO voltage stabilizer; pin 1 is connected to the DC-DC module. The anode of the diode is connected with the pin 3 of the operational amplifier; the negative electrode is connected with a resistor R4. The capacitor is connected with the LDO voltage stabilizer. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the circuit has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability, low cost, low power consumption and high response speed, and simultaneously has the function of temperature compensation, thereby being particularly suitable for low-power and relatively sensitive equipment.

Description

Solar charging control circuit with MPPT function
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar charging control circuit, in particular to a solar charging control circuit with an MPPT function.
Background
Solar energy is clean, efficient, low-carbon, environment-friendly and inexhaustible green energy, and is the most ideal and most abundant renewable energy compared with the current new energy such as wind energy, nuclear energy, tidal energy and the like. The photovoltaic cell is a device capable of converting light energy into electric energy, the storage battery is used for storing the electric energy, and the photovoltaic cell can still supply power for equipment at night, and is particularly suitable for places without power grid power supply. The photovoltaic cell has inherent characteristics that the maximum power point of output is about 0.78 times of the output open-circuit voltage, but is influenced by environmental factors such as illumination, temperature and the like. The maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT for short) charging controller can enable the photovoltaic cell to charge the storage battery with near maximum power, fully utilize solar energy resources, improve the power generation utilization rate and charging efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, and can reduce the area of the photovoltaic cell panel or the capacity of the storage battery, thereby reducing the cost of the solar power generation system. How to store as much electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell as possible by the storage battery, and a charge controller for realizing the MPPT function becomes a research hot spot.
For this reason, domestic experts have conducted intensive studies and invented various MPPT charge controllers. CN201410514299.2 discloses a photovoltaic cell MPPT system, where when the external environment or the battery changes, the photovoltaic cell can operate at the maximum power point accessory to improve the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. CN201510330390.3 discloses an MPPT constant current control device, after the MPPT constant current control circuit obtains the data of voltage and current collection, the control module calculates the maximum power point by using the data based on a genetic algorithm, and the MPPT constant current control circuit performs control according to the maximum power point obtained by the control module, so as to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic control. CN201710009945.3 discloses an MPPT control method and a device thereof, which can find the maximum power point voltage of a solar panel directly according to the real-time power of a storage battery, and has high accuracy and high efficiency. The MPPT has the MPPT function, but the MPPT needs to be composed of a microprocessor and more peripheral circuits, the circuits are complex, the MPPT can be realized only by matching software and hardware, and the MPPT is difficult and high in cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a solar charging control circuit with MPPT function, which does not need a microprocessor, and has simple circuit and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar charging control circuit with an MPPT function, which solves the problems of complex scheme, high implementation difficulty and high cost of the existing charging control circuit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme and measures of the invention are as follows:
the solar charging control circuit with the MPPT function consists of a photovoltaic cell panel, a DC-DC module, a storage battery, an LDO voltage stabilizer, an operational amplifier, a diode, a capacitor and resistors R1-R4. Wherein:
1) The anode of the photovoltaic cell panel is connected with the input end of the DC-DC module and the input end of the LDO voltage stabilizer;
2) The pin 3 and the pin 8 of the operational amplifier are connected with the output end of the LDO voltage stabilizer;
3) The operational amplifier pin 1 is connected with the feedback end of the DC-DC module;
4) The positive electrode of the storage battery is connected with the output end of the DC-DC module;
5) The cathode of the photovoltaic cell panel, the grounding end of the DC-DC module, the cathode of the storage battery, the grounding end of the LDO voltage stabilizer and the pin 4 of the operational amplifier are grounded.
And the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell panel is connected with resistors R1 and R2 in series and then grounded.
The DC-DC module can adopt a boosting module or a step-down module.
And the pin 2 of the operational amplifier is connected with a connecting line between the series resistors R1 and R2.
When the pin 3 of the operational amplifier is connected with the output end of the LDO voltage stabilizer, a bypass of the operational amplifier is also connected with a resistor R3 in parallel.
The output end of the LDO voltage stabilizer is also connected in series with a capacitor, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded.
The pin 3 of the operational amplifier is sequentially connected with a diode and a resistor R4 in series, one end of the resistor R4 is connected with the cathode of the diode, and the other end of the resistor R4 is grounded.
When the photovoltaic cell panel starts to generate power by solar irradiation, the voltage is reduced by the LDO voltage stabilizer U1 to provide stable voltage for the operational amplifier. The resistors R1 and R2 divide the voltage output by the photovoltaic cell panel and send the voltage to the pin 2 of the operational amplifier as sampling voltage; the resistors R3, R4 and the diode divide the voltage output by the LDO voltage stabilizer and then send the divided voltage to the pin 3 of the operational amplifier as reference voltage. After the operational amplifier amplifies the voltage according to the pin 2 and the pin 3, the output voltage of the pin 1 of the operational amplifier is sent to the feedback end of the DC-DC module to control the output voltage of the DC-DC module, and the charging current of the storage battery is changed, so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel is stabilized at a preset value. The preset value can be adjusted by changing the voltage division ratio of the resistors R1 and R2 and the resistors R3 and R4 and is set near 0.78 times of the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel.
If the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel tends to rise due to the enhancement of solar irradiation, the sampling voltage obtained by dividing the voltage by the resistors R1 and R2 also rises, and the output voltage is reduced after the amplification of the operational amplifier due to the rising of the voltage of the inverting input end, the DC-DC module is controlled by the voltage reduction of the feedback end, the output voltage rises, and at the moment, the charging current of the storage battery also increases, so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel is quickly reduced to a preset value. If the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel tends to decrease due to weakening of solar irradiation, the sampling voltage obtained by dividing the voltage by the resistors R1 and R2 also decreases, and the output voltage is increased after the amplification of the operational amplifier due to the decrease of the voltage of the inverting input end, the DC-DC module is controlled by the increase of the voltage of the feedback end, and the output voltage decreases, at the moment, the charging current of the storage battery also decreases, so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel rapidly increases to a preset value, and the purpose that the photovoltaic cell panel always works at the maximum power point is realized.
The diode is used as temperature compensation, and when the temperature changes, the reference voltage of the pin 3 of the operational amplifier can be automatically changed. When the temperature rises, the reference voltage is reduced, so that the preset value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel is reduced; and when the temperature is reduced, the reference voltage is increased, so that the preset output voltage value of the photovoltaic cell panel is increased. The problem that the voltage of the maximum power point of the photovoltaic cell panel is changed due to the influence of temperature can be solved.
When the photovoltaic cell panel does not generate electricity, the LDO voltage stabilizer, the operational amplifier and the DC-DC module do not work, and the electric energy of the storage battery is not consumed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the solar charging control circuit realized by the DC-DC module and a few elements has the advantages of simple circuit structure, high reliability, low cost, small power consumption, high response speed and temperature compensation function, and is particularly suitable for low-power and relatively sensitive equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a hardware circuit diagram of an embodiment of a solar charge control circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. All the elements in the invention can be replaced by other models with the same or similar functions, and the replaced circuits also belong to the protection scope of the patent.
Specific constructions and embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In fig. 1, 100 is a photovoltaic panel, 101 is a DC-DC module, 102 is a battery, U1 is an LDO voltage regulator, U2 is an operational amplifier, D1 is a diode, C1 is a capacitor, and R1 to R4 are resistors.
V 1 + is the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell panel (100), V 1 -a negative electrode of a photovoltaic panel (100);
V 2 + is the positive electrode of the storage battery (102), V 2 -is the negative electrode of the battery (102);
vin-1 is the input end of the DC-DC module (101), and Vout-1 is the output end of the DC-DC module (101);
vin-2 is the input end of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1), and Vout-2 is the output end of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1);
GND-1 is the grounding end of the DC-DC module (101);
the ground end of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1) with GND-2;
pins 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 are pins of an operational amplifier (U2);
FB is a feedback end of the DC-DC module (101).
Positive electrode (V) of photovoltaic cell panel (100) 1 Is connected with the input end (Vin-1) of the DC-DC module (101), and the negative electrode (V) 1 (-) is grounded. An output terminal (Vout-1) of the DC-DC module (101) and a positive electrode (V) of the storage battery (102) 2 And the grounding end (GND-1) is grounded. The DC-DC module (101) may employ a boost modeA block or a buck module. Negative electrode (V) of battery (102) 2 (-) is grounded. Input end (Vin-2) of LDO voltage stabilizer (U1) and positive electrode (V) of photovoltaic cell panel (100) 1 And (4) connecting; the output end (Vout-2) of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1) is connected with one end of a resistor R3; the ground end (GND-2) of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1) is grounded. The pin 3 of the operational amplifier (U2) is connected with the other pin of the resistor R3; the pin 2 is connected with one pin of the resistors R1 and R2; the pin 8 is connected with the output end (Vout-2) of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1); pin 4 is grounded; pin 1 is connected to the feedback terminal (FB) of the DC-DC module (101). The positive electrode of the diode (D1) is connected with the pin 3 of the operational amplifier (U2); the negative electrode is connected with one pin of the resistor R4. The other pin of the resistor R1 is connected with the positive electrode (V1 < + >) of the photovoltaic cell panel (100). The other pins of the resistors R2 and R4 are grounded. One pin of the capacitor (C1) is connected with the output end (Vout-2) of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1); the other pin is grounded.
When the photovoltaic cell panel (100) starts to generate electricity by solar irradiation, the voltage is reduced by the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1) to provide stable voltage for the operational amplifier (U2). The resistors R1 and R2 divide the voltage output by the photovoltaic cell panel (100) and send the voltage to the pin 2 of the operational amplifier (U2) to be used as sampling voltage; the resistors R3, R4 and the diode (D1) divide the voltage output by the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1) and then send the divided voltage to the pin 3 of the operational amplifier (U2) as a reference voltage. After the operational amplifier (U2) amplifies the voltage according to the pin 2 and the pin 3, the output voltage of the pin 1 of the operational amplifier (U2) is sent to the feedback end (FB) of the DC-DC module (101) to control the output voltage of the DC-DC module (101), and the charging current of the storage battery (102) is changed, so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel (100) is stabilized at a preset value. The preset value can be adjusted by changing the voltage division ratio of the resistors R1 and R2 and the resistors R3 and R4, and is set near 0.78 times of the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel (100).
If the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel (100) tends to rise due to the increase of solar irradiation, the sampling voltage obtained by dividing the voltage by the resistors R1 and R2 also rises, and the output voltage is reduced after the amplification of the operational amplifier (U2) because of the rise of the voltage of the inverting input end, the output voltage of the DC-DC module (101) is increased under the control of the reduction of the voltage of the feedback end (FB), and at the moment, the charging current of the storage battery is also increased, so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel (100) is quickly reduced to a preset value. If the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel (100) tends to decrease due to weakening of solar irradiation, the sampling voltage obtained by dividing the voltage by the resistors R1 and R2 also decreases, and the output voltage is increased after the amplification of the operational amplifier (U2) because of the decrease of the voltage of the inverting input end, the DC-DC module (101) is controlled by the increase of the voltage of the feedback end (FB), the output voltage is decreased, and at the moment, the charging current of the storage battery is also decreased, so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel (100) is rapidly increased to a preset value, and the purpose that the photovoltaic cell panel (100) always works at the maximum power point is realized.
The diode (D1) is used as temperature compensation, and when the temperature changes, the reference voltage of the 3 pin of the operational amplifier (U2) can be automatically changed. When the temperature rises, the reference voltage is reduced, so that the preset value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel (100) is reduced; when the temperature is reduced, the reference voltage is increased, so that the preset output voltage value of the photovoltaic cell panel (100) is increased. The problem of voltage change of the maximum power point of the photovoltaic cell panel (100) affected by temperature can be solved. The magnitude of the temperature compensation can be adjusted by changing the voltage division ratio of the resistors R1 and R2.
When the photovoltaic cell panel (100) does not generate electricity, the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1), the operational amplifier (U2) and the DC-DC module (101) do not work, and electric energy of the storage battery (102) is not consumed.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a solar charging control circuit with MPPT function, by photovoltaic cell board (100), DC-DC module (101), battery (102), LDO voltage stabilizer (U1), operational amplifier (U2), and diode (D1), electric capacity (C1), resistance R1 ~ R4 constitute, characterized by:
1) Positive electrode (V) of photovoltaic cell panel (100) 1 The (+) is connected with the input end (Vin-1) of the DC-DC module (101) and the input end (Vin-2) of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1);
2) The pin 3 and the pin 8 of the operational amplifier (U2) are connected with the output end (Vout-2) of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1);
3) The pin 1 of the operational amplifier (U2) is connected with the feedback end (FB) of the DC-DC module (101);
4) Positive electrode (V) of accumulator (102) 2 The (+) is connected with the output end (Vout-1) of the DC-DC module;
5) Negative electrode (V) of photovoltaic cell panel (100) 1 (-), a ground terminal (GND-1) of the DC-DC module (101), and a negative electrode (V) of the storage battery (102) 2 (-), the ground end (GND-2) of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1) and the pin 4 of the operational amplifier (U2) are grounded;
the photovoltaic cell panel (100) has a positive electrode (V 1 The (+) part is also connected with the resistors R1 and R2 in series and then grounded;
the pin 2 of the operational amplifier (U2) is connected with a connecting line between the series resistors R1 and R2;
when the pin 3 of the operational amplifier (U2) is connected with the output end (Vout-2) of the LDO voltage regulator (U1), a resistor R3 is connected in series between the output end (Vout-2) and the pin 3;
the output end (Vout-2) of the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1) is also connected in series with a capacitor (C1), and the other end of the capacitor (C1) is grounded;
the pin 3 of the operational amplifier (U2) is sequentially connected with a diode (D1) and a resistor R4 in series, one end of the resistor R4 is connected with the cathode of the diode (D1), and the other end of the resistor R4 is grounded;
when the photovoltaic cell panel starts to generate electricity by solar irradiation, the voltage is reduced by the LDO voltage stabilizer (U1) to provide stable voltage for the operational amplifier; the resistors R1 and R2 divide the voltage output by the photovoltaic cell panel and send the voltage to the pin 2 of the operational amplifier as sampling voltage; the resistors R3 and R4 and the diode divide the voltage output by the LDO voltage stabilizer and send the divided voltage to the pin 3 of the operational amplifier as reference voltage; after the operational amplifier amplifies the voltage according to the pin 2 and the pin 3, the output voltage of the pin 1 of the operational amplifier is sent to the feedback end of the DC-DC module to control the output voltage of the DC-DC module, and the charging current of the storage battery is changed, so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel is stabilized at a preset value; the preset value can be adjusted by changing the voltage division ratio of the resistors R1 and R2 and the resistors R3 and R4 and is set near 0.78 times of the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel.
2. The solar charging control circuit with MPPT function according to claim 1, wherein the DC-DC module (101) is a boost module or a buck module.
CN201811114189.1A 2018-09-25 2018-09-25 Solar charging control circuit with MPPT function Active CN108899987B (en)

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CN109491446B (en) * 2018-12-28 2024-05-28 上海南麟电子股份有限公司 Constant voltage tracking circuit, photovoltaic cell system and constant voltage tracking method thereof
CN112332517B (en) * 2020-10-16 2022-04-26 许继电源有限公司 Photovoltaic charging MPPT control circuit
CN114356021A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-04-15 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 MPPT series regulator bypass device

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