CN103385106A - Water-land two-section type flue-cured tobacco strong seedling culturing technique - Google Patents
Water-land two-section type flue-cured tobacco strong seedling culturing technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-land two-section type flue-cured tobacco strong seedling culturing technique. The water-land two-section type flue-cured tobacco strong seedling cultivation technique specifically comprises the following steps of sowing pelletized tobacco seeds in a 392-hole polystyrene foam latticed plate filled by seedling culture mediums, culturing the seedlings on a water bed according to a floating seedling culturing rule, heeling the seedlings in a tray filled by nutrient soil when each tobacco seedling grows four leaves and one core, carrying out a series of measures of preserving heat in tunnels, shearing leaves, ventilating, and hardening seedlings by stopping watering and fertilizing, and finally transplanting the tobacco seedlings with eight leaves and one core in a field. The flue-cured tobacco seedling culturing method provided by the invention synthesizes the advantages of floating seedling culturing and nutrient soil tray seedling culturing to be complementary to each other, and has the advantages of production intensification, management standardization, consistency in tobacco seedling growth, less pest and disease damage, short recover period of tobacco seedlings, stronger tobacco seedlings, and simpleness and convenience in transplantation and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco cultivation and applied technical field, be specifically related to flue-cured tobacco floods and droughts two-part technology for vigorous seedling cultivation.
Background technology
Tobacco floating seed rearing is grown seedlings as China's promotion tobacco plant and the main seedling growing process of intensive production has been obtained larger income, and characteristics are that production efficiency is high, and cigarette shoot root system is flourishing, neat and consistent, and disease occurs less and is easy to control; Increasingly mature along with the floating seedlings technology, many new problems also come out; The well developed root system of floating seedlings, root is many and long, more than can reaching 30cm; But this for cigarette transplantation of seedlings make troubles, and long term growth is in water, water oxygen gas concentration is not enough, has hindered the Cell Differentiation of root system, and the absorption function of root system is weakened, the root hair is few, improving activity of root system is poor; The overwhelming majority is grown in the root in water, and to the bad adaptability of drought stress, after transplanting, conversion under the native condition of drought, can not be brought into play its physiological function, can be dead gradually; The cigarette seedling, in order to adapt to new soil environment, must again send new root and absorb nutrition and moisture, and the land for growing field crops that has extended undoubtedly the cigarette seedling is seedling stage also, causes the land for growing field crops the previous growth slow, and cigarette strain growth is irregular.
Although, the new seedling raising mannerses such as moistening tray seedling growth, live plastic pallet seedling nursing in shallow water, air-pruning seedling production, few matrix two-part floating seedlings have overcome the shortcoming that floating seedlings exists to a certain extent, but in the long run, also there are separately many deficiencies, need further research and discovery; Air-pruning seedling production, because being provides the required moisture of tobacco seedling growth and nutrient by sprinkling irrigation, this just must cause air humidity large, and on blade, adhesive water is many, and the disease outburst easily occurs when hot and humid; Few matrix two-part floating seedlings,, though reduced the consumption of matrix, but still heel in floating disc, and the hole volume that root system is grown is little and still grow in water, and root system is long, and vigor is not high, after transplanting or have the shortcoming of length in seedling stage also; Therefore, improving the cigarette shoot root is vigor, strengthens its drought-resistant ability, and being affects one of key factor that the floating seedlings technology puts it over.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiency that existing floating live formula is grown seedlings, grow seedlings as a kind of flue-cured tobacco floods and droughts two-part strong seedling cultivation method by improveing floating live formula, both can make the cigarette seedling adapt to ahead of time non-irrigated native environment, improve improving activity of root system, can suppress the elongation of main root again, promote lateral root to grow, shorten the seedling-slowing stage after transplanting, be the larger economic benefit of the generation on cured tobacco production.
The technical scheme that the present invention proposes is a kind of flue-cured tobacco floods and droughts two-part strong seedling cultivation method, specifically comprises the following steps:
1. compounding: apply tobacco floating seedling nutrient solution before sowing in nursery pond, make Different Nitrogen Concentration in Miao Chishui reach 100 mg/kg; The pH value of nutrient solution requires between 5.8～6.2,, if pH value and requirement are not inconsistent, need to carry out the pH value and proofread and correct; , if the pH value is higher, can add appropriate H
2S0
4Proofread and correct; , if the pH value is on the low side, add appropriate Na0H to proofread and correct; Every preparation one time of nutrition liquid, proofread and correct one time the pH value;
2. the water bed flotation stage is grown seedlings: seedling-cultivating tray is selected the polystyrene foam lattice dish in 392 holes, specification is 68cm * 34cm * 6cm, front formalin solution or 0.05～0.1% potassium permanganate spray disinfectant with weight content 1～2% of growing seedlings, perhaps with 40%N-ethoxy methylene amine polymer aqua, be soaked into water and mention after comprehensively moistening and drain, place 48 hours standby; Using the peat composed of rotten mosses-vermiculite-perlite composite interstitial substance, ratio by volume is 6:2:2 allotment batch mixing, and the place of selecting smooth, health is as the medium in tray place; Moistening matrix before sabot, make water content of substrate reach 30%～40% of gross weight, checks and enrich the hole and prevent from loading too consolidation of growing seedlings of not filling matrix; Load, sow and enter pond and complete within on the same day; Broadcast 2 capsuled seeds in each hole of growing seedlings, then repeatedly spray equably warm water above seedling-cultivating tray, to guarantee that capsuled seed suctions moisture content, the shell cracking is dissolved, the nude seed clearly exposes, remove again the thick matrix of 2mm and cover, then seedling-cultivating tray is moved in the pond of having filled with nutrient solution and carry out floating seedlings; The floating seedlings temperature of shed is controlled at 20 ℃～28 ℃; From emerging to the little cross phase, take insulation as main; Temperature of shed, lower than 15 ℃, should in time be taked Insulation; And higher than 30 ℃. should be in time aeration-cooling; Afternoon timely epiphragma; Temperature is higher than 35 ℃, should in time adopt ventilation, takes a breath, shades, the water spray means cooling; The little cross phase is by thinning, final singling), guarantee every cave one seedling, the cigarette seedling is even;
3. drought bed is heeled in the stage and grown seedlings: the cigarette seedling of floating seedlings reaches four leaves wholeheartedly, transplant to plastic pallet from seedling-cultivating tray during in the same size; The plastic pallet specification is 51 hole/dishes, and specification is 55cm * 35cm, hole depth 5cm, and every mu of land for growing field crops needs 22; Heel in the level land of the clean energy of front preparation draining and make the son bed, 4～6m2 is amassed with sub-bed surface in every mu of land for growing field crops; Select fine day afternoon or cloudy day, the cigarette seedling from the polystyrene foam lattice dish that floats on water bed, is transplanted in the plastic pallet that loads Nutrition Soil, hole one seedling, also epiphragma insulation of watering after planting, and in the outside, son bed both sides, ditch in order to draining; Heel in rear every day and sprinkle water twice, particularly fine day moisture evaporates soon duty and waters, and keeps Nutrition Soil moistening, until survive; After the cigarette seedling was heeled in and gone back seedling, general weather was taken off the film ventilation once noon, and fine day every morning 9:00-4:00 in afternoon will progressively take off the film cooling, in case burn seedling: ventilate once overcast and rainy every 2～3 day noon, keeps with fresh air; After the cigarette seedling survives, drench every three days a water and in conjunction with chasing after, put fertilizer 2 times; Head time topdresses and to be watered 50 kilograms of pouring with 0.5 kilogram, seed manure and to execute, and needs the clean blade of spray clear water after fertilising, can spray foliage fertilizer after interval 3-5 days;
4. drought bed is heeled in the stage leaf-cutting: tobacco leaf five leaves start leaf-cutting, control seedlings, short seedling wholeheartedly the time; The principle of leaf-cutting should depending on the whole growing way of cigarette seedling, the seedlings heavy pruning, the medium grade cigarette seedling is cut half, seedling is not cut; Generally cut off 1/2 of this tobacco leaf area during leaf-cutting and expire 1/3, need its partial blade Clipping proportion of larger cigarette seedling of control seedling to be no more than at most 2/3; Pruned once every 4～6 days, generally prune twice; Six leaf preincubation moisturizings, will open the cooling of film two ends when temperature in the shed surpasses 28 ℃, depending on land for growing field crops seedling growing way, topdress;
5. acclimatization and transplants land for growing field crops: the fertile cooling hardening that starts after six leaves to cut off the water supply, in order to improving transplanting survival rate and resistance; Two of taking off film in two days, cover tightly evening; Open two and centre, to can all taking off the film hardening finally later; The cigarette seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops wholeheartedly the time at seven leaves～eight leaves;
Described thinning carefully removes unnecessary seedling with tweezers exactly;
Described final singling is exactly to supply hole with the seedling that is shifted out.
The flue-cured tobacco that main points of the present invention are floating seedlings at four leaves wholeheartedly, heel in to plastic pallet during in the same size, is transplanted to land for growing field crops by plastic pallet wholeheartedly the time at seven leaves～eight leaves; Make floating seedlings and the plastic pallet organic assembling of growing seedlings become a cover to be suitable for flue-cured tobacco floods and droughts two-part technology for vigorous seedling cultivation, and in the production of application flue-cured tobacco.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) avoid the absorption function of the root system that produces because of cigarette seedling long term growth in water a little less than, the root hair less, poor, the land for growing field crops seedling-slowing stage of improving activity of root system extends, thereby cause the land for growing field crops the previous growth slow, the irregular deficiency of cigarette strain growth;
(2) the cigarette seedling is after Tray heel-in, the length and width of plant height and leaf obviously are inhibited, stem slightly increases, main root length obviously shortens, the length of one-level lateral root, secondary lateral root, adventive root also has shortening in various degree, increased simultaneously the quantity of one-level lateral root, secondary lateral root, three grades of lateral roots, adventive root, and root fresh weight and root dry weight also increase, the cauline leaf dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings is lower than the cigarette seedling of floating seedlings, and the root/shoot ratio utmost point is significantly higher than the cigarette seedling of Float System; Can illustrate, heel in the excessive growth that can effectively suppress cigarette shoot root, stem, promote the formation in strong sprout, reach the purpose of cultivating strong sprout;
(3) heel in the seedling balled transplanting, the intact wound of root system, also seedling stage is short, after planting new root occur fast and quantity many, it is fast that absorption function recovers, after transplanting high, the stem of the stem of cigarette seedling thick increase very fast, although overcome the live floating cigarette seedling of prior art seedling stage stem higher, but before transplanting, the hardening root system is impaired, and the rear also seedling stage of planting is longer, and stem is high, stem slightly increases slower defect;
(4) heel in seedling more than live Floating seedling at the nutriment that grown in field accumulates in earlier stage, bottom leaf when the blade of early growth is baking basically, therefore, heel on baking rear lower leaf list leaf that heavy impact reaches that significance level can improve that baking rear lower leaf list leaf is heavy, cooking performance and better-than-average cigarette ratio and average price and the output value, can improve simultaneously upper, middle and lower section leaf total reducing sugar, content of reducing sugar and in, bottom leaf potassium, nicotine content, reduce upper leaf nitrogen, protein content, the schmuck value of upper, middle and lower section leaf increases, and improves quality of tobacco;
(5) by floods and droughts two-part strong seedling cultivation, although than Floating seedling is live, has increased a drought bed and heeled in link, but owing to can reducing the leaf-cutting number of times 1-2 time, reduced the probability that causes disease to infect because of leaf-cutting, later stage disease control recruitment reduces, and seedling-slowing stage is short, transplants behind land for growing field crops that field management is easy has reduced recruitment.Overcome the floating straight cultivation seedling of prior art and reached 8 days, not drought-resistant, almost want trickle every day, and the technological deficiency of easily burning seedling.
Embodiment
The technical scheme that present embodiment proposes is flue-cured tobacco floods and droughts two-part technology for vigorous seedling cultivation scheme, specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the construction of culture facility: the construction of seedling growth greenhouse must meet the requirement of GB/T18622 " greenhouse structure design load ", GB/T18621 " greenhouse ventilation cooling design specification ", JB/T10286 " sunlight greenhouse structure ", JB/T10288 " attached-greenhouse structure "; Nursery pond is rectangle, and the degree of depth is 15～20cm; Smooth the making real in nursery pond bottom, at the bottom of should using weed killer herbicide and insecticide spraying pond; Black thin film shop fixtures with black 0.10～0.12mm; Also can adopt the nursery pond of moulding; Select prior to seeding fine day to inject clear water to the nutrition pond, water source is strict with and is adopted drinking water, and pool inner water stops water filling after deeply reaching 2～3 cm, and seedling growth greenhouse is closed 1-2 days to improve water temperature; Drinking water wherein comprises well water and running water;
2. selecting of water bed floating seedlings material: seedling-cultivating tray is selected the polystyrene foam lattice dish in 392 holes, and specification is 68cm * 34cm * 6cm, and seedling-cultivating tray must be sterilized before growing seedlings; Sterilization method is to spray with 1～2% formalin solution or 0.05～0.1% potassium permanganate, then with clear water, rinses well; Formalin has fumigation action, and after seedling-cultivating tray spray medicine, available Polypropylence Sheet covers, to improve Disinfection Effect; Use the peat composed of rotten mosses-vermiculite-perlite composite interstitial substance, and the place of selecting smooth, health is as the medium in tray place; Moistening matrix before sabot, make water content of substrate reach 30%～40%; Check and enrich the hole of growing seedlings of not filling matrix; Should prevent from loading too consolidation; The principle of sabot is: uniformity, degree of tightness appropriateness;
3. compounding: apply tobacco floating seedling special nutrient fluid before sowing in pond, make Different Nitrogen Concentration in Miao Chishui reach 100mg/kg; In time check the seedling pool water level, if water level descends, will inject clear water and nutrient solution to initial water level; The pH value of nutrient solution requires between 5.8～6.2,, if pH value and requirement are not inconsistent, need to carry out the pH value and proofread and correct; , if the pH value is higher, can add appropriate H
2S0
4Proofread and correct; , if the pH value is on the low side, add appropriate Na0H to proofread and correct; Every preparation one time of nutrition liquid, proofread and correct one time the pH value; Loading, sow, enter pond should complete in 1 day;
4. the water bed flotation stage is grown seedlings: the sowing time determines according to the weather conditions of various places; Broadcast 2 capsuled seeds in each hole of growing seedlings, then repeatedly spray equably warm water above seedling-cultivating tray, to guarantee that capsuled seed suctions moisture content, the shell cracking is dissolved, the nude seed clearly exposes, remove again the thick matrix of 2mm and cover, then seedling-cultivating tray is moved in the pond of having filled with nutrient solution and carry out floating seedlings; Temperature of shed is controlled at 20 ℃～28 ℃; From emerging to the little cross phase, take insulation as main; Temperature of shed, lower than 15 ℃, should in time be taked Insulation; And higher than 30 ℃. should be in time aeration-cooling; Afternoon timely epiphragma; Temperature is higher than 35 ℃, should in time adopt ventilation, takes a breath, shades, the method cooling such as water spray; Seedling, final singling during little cross, guarantee every cave one seedling, and the cigarette seedling is even; Note keeping the consistent of seedbed health and cigarette seedling during the thinning final singling;
5. drought bed is heeled in the stage and grown seedlings: the cigarette seedling of floating seedlings reaches four leaves wholeheartedly, heel in to plastic pallet during in the same size; Heel in the level land of the clean energy of front preparation draining and make the son bed, 4～6m is amassed with sub-bed surface in every mu of land for growing field crops
2, need to prepare 5～6 load Nutrition Soils and put in the plastic pallet hole, lie against on the son bed; The plastic pallet specification is 51 hole/dishes, and specification is 55cm * 35cm, hole depth 5cm, and every mu of land for growing field crops approximately needs 22 left and right; Select fine day afternoon or cloudy day, the cigarette seedling from the polystyrene foam lattice dish that floats on water bed, is planted in plastic pallet, also epiphragma insulation of watering after planting, and in the outside, son bed both sides, ditch in order to draining; Heel in rear every day and sprinkle water twice, particularly fine day moisture evaporates soon duty and waters, and keeps Nutrition Soil moistening, until survive; After the cigarette seedling was heeled in and gone back seedling, general weather was taken off the film ventilation once noon, and fine day every morning 9:00-4:00 in afternoon will progressively take off the film cooling, in case burn seedling: ventilate once overcast and rainy every 2～3 day noon, keeps with fresh air; After the cigarette seedling survives, drench every three days a water and in conjunction with chasing after, put fertilizer 2 times; Head time topdresses and to be watered 50 kilograms of pouring with 0.5 kilogram, seed manure and to execute, and needs the clean blade of spray clear water after fertilising, can spray foliage fertilizer after interval 3-5 days;
6. drought bed is heeled in the stage leaf-cutting: tobacco leaf five leaves start leaf-cutting, control seedlings, short seedling wholeheartedly the time; The principle of leaf-cutting should depending on the whole growing way of cigarette seedling, the seedlings heavy pruning, the medium grade cigarette seedling is cut half, seedling is not cut; Generally cut off 1/2 of this tobacco leaf area during leaf-cutting and expire 1/3, need its partial blade Clipping proportion of larger cigarette seedling of control seedling to be no more than at most 2/3; Pruned once every 4～6 days, generally prune twice; Six leaf preincubation moisturizings, will open the cooling of film two ends when temperature in the shed surpasses 28 ℃, depending on land for growing field crops seedling growing way, topdress;
7. acclimatization and transplants land for growing field crops: the fertile cooling hardening that starts after six leaves to cut off the water supply, in order to improving transplanting survival rate and resistance; Two of taking off film in two days, cover tightly evening; Open two and centre, to can all taking off finally film hardening (except the large rainy day) later; The cigarette seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops wholeheartedly the time at seven leaves～eight leaves;
8. the extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly prevent and treat anthracnose and damping off seedling stage, damping off adopts the medicaments such as 25% metalaxyl or 50% thiophanate methyl to spray, and before and after the cigarette seedling grand cross phase, spray in every 7～10 days once, is sprayed 2～3 times altogether; Anthracnose sprays spray in every 7～10 days once with 1:1:160～1:1:200 bordeaux mixture or 70% thiophanate methyl or 80% zineb, totally 2～3 times; The compound method of bordeaux mixture is: water 80～100kg, copper sulphate 0.5kg, quicklime 0.5kg, after adding respectively water and fully dissolving, copper-bath is slowly poured in lime slurry, the limit bevelling stirs with wooden stick, when forming sky blue liquid, standby with a thin juice cloth filter residue; , if infection center is arranged, dig out disease seedling, sick soil, take away seedbed; Transplant front 10 days must the anti-mosaic disease of virus formulation of spray, available 24% poison disappears 900 times of liquid of aqua, 250 times of liquid of 2% Junkeduke aqua, 3.95% virus must 600 times of liquid of gram, will note simultaneously avoiding diastrous weather harm.
Above-mentioned strong seedling cultivation method, mainly to have utilized last stage water bed floating seedlings production efficiency high, cigarette shoot root system is flourishing, neat and consistent, and disease occurs less and manageable characteristics, after-stage adopts the drought bed to heel in and grows seedlings, can make the cigarette seedling adapt to ahead of time non-irrigated native environment, improve improving activity of root system, can suppress again the elongation of main root, promote lateral root to grow, shorten the seedling-slowing stage after transplanting.
Above-mentioned strong seedling cultivation method, the pH value of nutrient solution used requires between 5.8～6.2; The floating seedlings temperature of shed is controlled at 20 ℃～28 ℃; Temperature of shed is taked insulation lower than 15 ℃, and is aeration-cooling during higher than 30 ℃; Temperature is higher than 35 ℃, should in time adopt ventilation, takes a breath, shades, the method cooling such as water spray.
Above-mentioned strong seedling cultivation method, seedling-cultivating tray used adopts water bed floating seedling tray and drought bed to heel in plastic pallet and is combined with successively, select the polystyrene foam lattice dish in 392 holes, specification is 68cm * 34cm * 6cm, use the peat composed of rotten mosses-vermiculite-perlite composite interstitial substance, moistening matrix before sabot, make water content of substrate reach 30%～40%; Loading, sow, enter Chi Yingzai completes on the same day; Specification is 51 hole/dishes, and specification is 55cm * 35cm, hole depth 5cm, and 4～6m is amassed with sub-bed surface in every mu of land for growing field crops
2, need to prepare 5～6 load Nutrition Soils, need 22 plastic pallets.
The above-mentioned strong seedling cultivation method cover soil for son bed plastic pallet used is formulated by the paddy soil that sieves, tobacco leaf seed manure, the pig cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the burnt dust-ashes that sieves, the paddy soil that wherein sieves accounts for Nutrition Soil weight 69%, the tobacco leaf seed manure accounts for Nutrition Soil weight 1%, the pig cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed accounts for Nutrition Soil weight 20%, the burnt dust-ashes that sieves accounts for Nutrition Soil weight 10%, mixing in 45 days is mixed thoroughly before heeling in, stack retting 28-32 days, fully become thoroughly decomposed stand-by, is strictly on guard against and is used while allocating; And with 40%N-ethoxy methylene amine polymer aqua, Nutrition Soil and son bed were sealed fumigation 72 hours in 15 days before heeling in, and after fumigation, uproot loose furrow face and take off the film ventilation more than 5 days, allow residual poison distribute the rear cigarette seedling that just can carry out and heel in.
Several critical periods of above-mentioned strong seedling cultivation method are, the cigarette seedling of floating seedlings reaches four leaves wholeheartedly, during in the same size, select fine day afternoon or cloudy day, and the cigarette seedling is heeled in to plastic pallet from the polystyrene foam lattice dish that floats on water bed; After heeling in the cigarette seedling and surviving, drench every three days a water and in conjunction with chasing after, put fertilizer 2 times; Head time topdresses and to be watered 50 kilograms of pouring with 0.5 kilogram, seed manure and to execute, and needs the clean blade of spray clear water after fertilising, sprays foliage fertilizer after interval 3-5 days; Tobacco leaf five leaves start leaf-cutting wholeheartedly the time, generally cut off 1/2 to 1/3 of this tobacco leaf area during leaf-cutting, need its partial blade Clipping proportion of larger cigarette seedling of control seedling to be no more than at most 2/3; Pruned once every 4～6 days, generally prune twice; The fertile cooling hardening that starts after six leaves to cut off the water supply, in order to improving transplanting survival rate and resistance; The cigarette seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops wholeheartedly the time at seven leaves～eight leaves.
Claims (3)
1. flue-cured tobacco floods and droughts two-part strong seedling cultivation method is characterized in that specifically comprising the following steps:
1. compounding: apply tobacco floating seedling nutrient solution before sowing in nursery pond, make Different Nitrogen Concentration in Miao Chishui reach 100 mg/kg; The pH value of nutrient solution requires between 5.8～6.2,, if pH value and requirement are not inconsistent, need to carry out the pH value and proofread and correct; , if the pH value is higher, can add appropriate H
2S0
4Proofread and correct; , if the pH value is on the low side, add appropriate Na0H to proofread and correct; Every preparation one time of nutrition liquid, proofread and correct one time the pH value;
2. the water bed flotation stage is grown seedlings: seedling-cultivating tray is selected the polystyrene foam lattice dish in 392 holes, specification is 68cm * 34cm * 6cm, front formalin solution or 0.05～0.1% potassium permanganate spray disinfectant with weight content 1～2% of growing seedlings, perhaps with 40%N-ethoxy methylene amine polymer aqua, be soaked into water and mention after comprehensively moistening and drain, place 48 hours standby; Using the peat composed of rotten mosses-vermiculite-perlite composite interstitial substance, ratio by volume is 6:2:2 allotment batch mixing, and the place of selecting smooth, health is as the medium in tray place; Moistening matrix before sabot, make water content of substrate reach 30%～40% of gross weight, checks and enrich the hole and prevent from loading too consolidation of growing seedlings of not filling matrix; Load, sow and enter pond and complete within on the same day; Broadcast 2 capsuled seeds in each hole of growing seedlings, then repeatedly spray equably warm water above seedling-cultivating tray, to guarantee that capsuled seed suctions moisture content, the shell cracking is dissolved, the nude seed clearly exposes, remove again the thick matrix of 2mm and cover, then seedling-cultivating tray is moved in the pond of having filled with nutrient solution and carry out floating seedlings; The floating seedlings temperature of shed is controlled at 20 ℃～28 ℃; From emerging to the little cross phase, take insulation as main; Temperature of shed, lower than 15 ℃, should in time be taked Insulation; And higher than 30 ℃. should be in time aeration-cooling; Afternoon timely epiphragma; Temperature is higher than 35 ℃, should in time adopt ventilation, takes a breath, shades, the water spray means cooling; The little cross phase is by thinning, final singling), guarantee every cave one seedling, the cigarette seedling is even;
3. drought bed is heeled in the stage and grown seedlings: the cigarette seedling of floating seedlings reaches four leaves wholeheartedly, transplant to plastic pallet from seedling-cultivating tray during in the same size; The plastic pallet specification is 51 hole/dishes, and specification is 55cm * 35cm, hole depth 5cm, and every mu of land for growing field crops needs 22; Heel in the level land of the clean energy of front preparation draining and make the son bed, 4～6m is amassed with sub-bed surface in every mu of land for growing field crops
2Select fine day afternoon or cloudy day, the cigarette seedling from the polystyrene foam lattice dish that floats on water bed, is transplanted in the plastic pallet that loads Nutrition Soil, hole one seedling, also epiphragma insulation of watering after planting, and in the outside, son bed both sides, ditch in order to draining; Heel in rear every day and sprinkle water twice, particularly fine day moisture evaporates soon duty and waters, and keeps Nutrition Soil moistening, until survive; After the cigarette seedling was heeled in and gone back seedling, general weather was taken off the film ventilation once noon, and fine day every morning 9:00-4:00 in afternoon will progressively take off the film cooling, in case burn seedling: ventilate once overcast and rainy every 2～3 day noon, keeps with fresh air; After the cigarette seedling survives, drench every three days a water and in conjunction with chasing after, put fertilizer 2 times; Head time topdresses and to be watered 50 kilograms of pouring with 0.5 kilogram, seed manure and to execute, and needs the clean blade of spray clear water after fertilising, can spray foliage fertilizer after interval 3-5 days;
4. drought bed is heeled in the stage leaf-cutting: tobacco leaf five leaves start leaf-cutting, control seedlings, short seedling wholeheartedly the time; The principle of leaf-cutting should depending on the whole growing way of cigarette seedling, the seedlings heavy pruning, the medium grade cigarette seedling is cut half, seedling is not cut; Generally cut off 1/2 of this tobacco leaf area during leaf-cutting and expire 1/3, need its partial blade Clipping proportion of larger cigarette seedling of control seedling to be no more than at most 2/3; Pruned once every 4～6 days, generally prune twice; Six leaf preincubation moisturizings, will open the cooling of film two ends when temperature in the shed surpasses 28 ℃, depending on land for growing field crops seedling growing way, topdress;
5. acclimatization and transplants land for growing field crops: the fertile cooling hardening that starts after six leaves to cut off the water supply, in order to improving transplanting survival rate and resistance; Two of taking off film in two days, cover tightly evening; Open two and centre, to can all taking off the film hardening finally later; The cigarette seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops wholeheartedly the time at seven leaves～eight leaves;
Described thinning carefully removes unnecessary seedling with tweezers exactly;
Described final singling is exactly to supply hole with the seedling that is shifted out.
2. flue-cured tobacco floods and droughts two-part strong seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nursery pond is rectangle, the degree of depth is 15～20cm; Smooth the making real in nursery pond bottom, at the bottom of should using weed killer herbicide and insecticide spraying pond; Black thin film shop fixtures with black 0.10～0.12mm; Also can adopt the nursery pond of moulding; Select prior to seeding fine day to inject clear water to the nutrition pond, water source is strict with and is adopted drinking water, and pool inner water stops water filling after deeply reaching 2～3 cm, and seedling growth greenhouse is closed 1-2 days to improve water temperature; Drinking water wherein comprises well water and running water.
3. flue-cured tobacco floods and droughts two-part strong seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cover soil for son bed plastic pallet is formulated by the paddy soil that sieves, tobacco leaf seed manure, the pig cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the burnt dust-ashes that sieves, the paddy soil that wherein sieves accounts for Nutrition Soil weight 69%, the tobacco leaf seed manure accounts for Nutrition Soil weight 1%, the pig cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed accounts for Nutrition Soil weight 20%, the burnt dust-ashes that sieves accounts for Nutrition Soil weight 10%, mixing in 45 days is mixed thoroughly before heeling in, stack retting 28-32 days, fully become thoroughly decomposed stand-by, be strictly on guard against and be used while allocating; And with 40%N-ethoxy methylene amine polymer aqua, Nutrition Soil and son bed were sealed fumigation 72 hours in 15 days before heeling in, and after fumigation, uproot loose furrow face and take off the film ventilation more than 5 days, allow residual poison distribute the rear cigarette seedling that just can carry out and heel in.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103858652A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-18 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco two-stage type transplanting method under large-scale planting condition |
| CN103980054A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Flue-cured tobacco floating seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN104025944A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-09-10 | 南平市烟草公司邵武分公司 | Float seedling breeding master disc, float seedling breeding device and tobacco seedling breeding method |
| CN104094825A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-15 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Oriented production method for tobacco float breeding root system |
| CN105379543A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-09 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco transplanting method |
| CN105746321A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-07-13 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司巫溪分公司 | Tobacco floating seedling raising method capable of reducing disease spread of seedbed |
| CN105766278A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-07-20 | 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 | Seedling strengthening method for replacing leaf cutting in tobacco industrialized seedling culture |
| CN105917934A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-07 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | Delayed planting method for temporary planting of tobacco seedlings |
| CN106416802A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-22 | 黔西南州烟草公司兴义市分公司 | Tobacco seedling transplanting nutrient soil preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106665306A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-05-17 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | Winter tobacco indoor generation adding breeding method |
| CN109258427A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-25 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Tobacco seedlings floating seedlings forge seedling-growing method |
| CN111887119A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-06 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for transplanting tobacco seedlings in high-altitude mountain area |
| CN112868482A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-06-01 | 湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司常宁市分公司 | Water-drought two-section type strong seedling cultivation method |
| CN113016547A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-25 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Floating seedling method for tobacco gene editing material strain fine comparison |
| CN114342767A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-15 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所(中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所) | Two-section type fixed-point plant-positioning carpet type seedling raising method for tobacco |
| CN114885786A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-12 | 中国烟草总公司海南省公司 | Seedling culture method for culturing strong cigar seedlings at high temperature in early stage |
| CN116267483A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-06-23 | 湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司 | One-stage cultivation method for long-leaf-age strong-root seedlings of flue-cured tobacco in rice stubble |
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| CN103858652A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-18 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco two-stage type transplanting method under large-scale planting condition |
| CN103980054A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Flue-cured tobacco floating seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN103980054B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-07-06 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | A kind of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof |
| CN105830882A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-08-10 | 南平市烟草公司邵武分公司 | Floating seedling-raising device with good seedling-raising quality and cultivation method for tobacco seedlings |
| CN104025944A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-09-10 | 南平市烟草公司邵武分公司 | Float seedling breeding master disc, float seedling breeding device and tobacco seedling breeding method |
| CN104025944B (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-05-04 | 南平市烟草公司邵武分公司 | A kind of floating seedlings stamper, floating-seedling device and the method for cultivating cigarette seedling |
| CN104094825A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-15 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Oriented production method for tobacco float breeding root system |
| CN104094825B (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-01-20 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | A kind of tobacco floating seed rearing root system epitaxial growth process |
| CN105379543A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-09 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco transplanting method |
| CN105766278A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-07-20 | 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 | Seedling strengthening method for replacing leaf cutting in tobacco industrialized seedling culture |
| CN105766278B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-12-25 | 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 | The strong sprout method of leaf-cutting is substituted in a kind of tobacco plant nursery |
| CN105746321A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-07-13 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司巫溪分公司 | Tobacco floating seedling raising method capable of reducing disease spread of seedbed |
| CN105917934A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-07 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | Delayed planting method for temporary planting of tobacco seedlings |
| CN106416802A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-22 | 黔西南州烟草公司兴义市分公司 | Tobacco seedling transplanting nutrient soil preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106665306A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-05-17 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | Winter tobacco indoor generation adding breeding method |
| CN109258427A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-25 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Tobacco seedlings floating seedlings forge seedling-growing method |
| CN111887119A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-06 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for transplanting tobacco seedlings in high-altitude mountain area |
| CN112868482A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-06-01 | 湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司常宁市分公司 | Water-drought two-section type strong seedling cultivation method |
| CN113016547A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-25 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Floating seedling method for tobacco gene editing material strain fine comparison |
| CN114342767A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-15 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所(中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所) | Two-section type fixed-point plant-positioning carpet type seedling raising method for tobacco |
| CN114342767B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-08-22 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所(中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所) | Two-section fixed-point fixed-plant blanket seedling raising method for tobacco |
| CN114885786A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-12 | 中国烟草总公司海南省公司 | Seedling culture method for culturing strong cigar seedlings at high temperature in early stage |
| CN116267483A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-06-23 | 湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司 | One-stage cultivation method for long-leaf-age strong-root seedlings of flue-cured tobacco in rice stubble |
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