CN103306500A - Novel low-carbon and environment-friendly country house capable of saving energy and reducing emission - Google Patents
Novel low-carbon and environment-friendly country house capable of saving energy and reducing emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN103306500A CN103306500A CN2012100744741A CN201210074474A CN103306500A CN 103306500 A CN103306500 A CN 103306500A CN 2012100744741 A CN2012100744741 A CN 2012100744741A CN 201210074474 A CN201210074474 A CN 201210074474A CN 103306500 A CN103306500 A CN 103306500A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel low-carbon and environment-friendly country house capable of saving energy and reducing emission. The country house is characterized in that the indoor temperature is kept at 16-31DEG C, which is most suitable for human living, without heating measures such as electricity, natural gas, coal and firewood in the cold winter. The method for realizing the aim comprises the steps of finding out the lowest temperature of the local winter historical temperature, the deepest cold point of underground tundra and the maximum penetration index of cold air and carrying out the best regulation and control on thermal insulating walls, thermal insulating layers and lighting regions under the ground, on the ground, over the ground, in doors and windows and on the house, so that the aim of heating without using electricity, natural gas, coal, firewood and the like in winter and simultaneously turning a lot of waste in a country into wealth is realized. According to the country house, the building process relates to the deep digging of a foundation and the thickening of a wall body; various plant straws are taken as insulation materials; the sources of raw materials are wide; the raw materials can be found anywhere; the construction method is simple; workers who can build the existing one-storey house and building can build the country house; after investment for one time, benefits can be obtained in the several decades even in the whole life; the country house has the effects of saving energy and reducing emission and is low-carbon and environment-friendly; and the social benefit is obvious.
Description
The present invention relates to the agriculture-countryside-farmer field.
Common building, the one-storey house in rural area all will lean on the various fuel such as coal, electricity, gas, bavin to warm oneself in the winter time now.The fuel such as a large amount of coals, electricity, gas, bavin have been expended in the process of heating.Give off a large amount of poisonous, pernicious gases such as carbon dioxide in fuel combustion and the use procedure, dense smog floats aloft or falls on the flowers of lawn, pollutes ubiquitously, endangers and follows constantly.Bring for our life and also brought many environmental issues warm the time.
The object of the invention is to: allow building in very long winter, multilayer, high level, one-storey house without heatings such as coal, electricity, gas, bavins, fundamentally solve energy consumption, discharge many environmental issues that a large amount of poisonous, pernicious gases, flue dust and postorder bring in burning and the use procedure.The present invention finds out building ground historical low temperature in winter before adopting building, and continue the deepest point of freeze-up frozen soil layer a very long winter, and cold air adds the penetration index of wind maximum, the structure blueprint of then building according to above-mentioned design data.Surmount the frozen soil layer deepest point with building itself, cold air adds wind maximum penetration index and increases on this basis warming layer.Whole surface large area daylighting district, the cold air separation layer of the inside and outside multilayer of door and window.Night, snow day, when having sunlight can not throw light on and can thermal insulation separation cold in the daylighting district, and when guaranteeing that interior temperature has sunlight 16-31 ℃, even 31 ℃, there is not the date of sunlight at 16 ℃-24 ℃.Whole winter is except the light and heat of the sun, and underground, ground, the roof hot insulated wall of extinction, the insulation layer established, need not reach problems such as fundamentally solving energy consumption, a large amount of dischargings of toxic and harmful whole winter by any heating measure, realize the purpose of the warm new affordable housing of energy-saving and emission-reduction low-carbon environment-friendly.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The structure in room, the new home, rural area can be underground, semi-underground, half ground, one deck, two layers, multilayer, high level or ground floor, two layers, multilayer, high level, according to the physical features on building ground just, the wind-force size of position, duration of sunshine length, the characteristic of constructional materials, the underground degree of depth of building, thickness of wall body can guarantee that the standard that interior temperature reaches more than 16-31 ℃ builds by laying bricks or stones.
At first grasp the historical low temperature of this area, the darkest congealing point of frozen soil layer, the penetration indexs of cold air and wind maximum etc. are when obtaining just can designing after above-mentioned all data that the house temperature is had a direct impact.Do reference with the Jilin weather, Jilin historical low temperature-42.6 ℃, average temperature be at 20-25 ℃, 1.8 meters of the darkest congealing points of frozen soil layer, 1.8 meters of cold air and wind maximum penetration indexes are can be with the underground degree of depth of building the same with frozen soil layer depth point or surmount 0.1-90 centimetre of frozen soil layer depth.Body of wall, roof thickness surmount 0.1-20 centimetre of cold air and wind maximum penetration.Body of wall adopts inside and outside two-layer building by laying bricks or stones or the reinforced concrete casting method, and the thickness of body of wall is according to constructional materials stone, common brick, Tao Li, cast-in-situ steel reinforced concrete character, and the factors such as the height of building determine, such as 24 walls, 37 walls, 49 walls etc.Two wall intermediate void partly are insulation layer.Heat insulating material in the insulation layer can be suited measures to local conditions varied.It can be best heat insulating material that the crushed after being dried such as the maize straw that is thick on the ground such as the rural area, maize peel, straw, wheat straw, millet straw, highland barley stalk, millet straw, beans stalk, weeds, saw foam, leaf are cut off, and also has rice husk etc. need not pulverize the utilized thing of cut-out.More can be with industrial heat preservation materials such as industrial cement foam, perlite, foaming, insulating bricks.The heat insulation effect that body of wall is best must all just can be inserted above-mentioned material after the sealing with plastic foil or the material that possesses a grade wind protection against the tide, waterproof with inside and do insulation layer before building wall is put heat insulating material, guarantee that heat insulating material is forever dry.When the daylighting district adopts double-layer glass daylighting, during the cold curtain of the inside and outside increase 1-5 layer thermal insulation separation of double-layer glass, 1-5 layer thermal insulation curtain is embedded within the walls in the enclosed slot, the assurance indoor light is sufficient, can tremble with fear by thermal insulation separation again, reach the lasting balance of interior temperature, do not rise, do not fall or with minimum, jogging speed cooling.The cold curtain of rear wall thermal insulation separation is not rolled up and is not drawn; Front daylighting district can draw and can roll up.
After the house is built up, from freezing, snow for the first time, cold air just can't enter indoor, and when indoor irradiation because of sunlight just began Time for Sunshine, temperature can constantly rise to 20 ℃-31 ℃, even higher, and accumulate on ground, wall and all objects of irradiation, during the sunlight convergence, all thermal insulation separations of daylighting district are cold to be put down, this moment, cold air can't be invaded, and hot gas is not diluted.Body of wall all is the thickness that cold air can't be gone beyond.When interior temperature is higher than body of wall and ground storage temperature, the heat of attracting deposits is continued on insulated wall and ground, when store heat and interior temperature maintain an equal level, balance is not adsorbed mutually mutually, when interior temperature is lower than insulated wall, ground accumulated temperature, insulated wall and ground are accumulated heat and are begun to discharge heat in the supply room, the balance cylinder in the temperature difference of insulated wall.
Under above-mentioned all measures, even 10 days-15 days or longer time do not have sunlight, indoor temperature can not be lower than 16 ℃, reaching fully except sunlight need not any heating measure, in cold very long winter, people can be as having heat supply or burn warm inhabitation the room of coal bavin heating, and equalized temperature is stable.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the more common building cost of investment and consuming time large during building construction, but labor decades even century-old being benefited.The various straws in rural area have also had new value, can expedite the emergence of new foam in the city, heat insulating material already develops rapidly.Large quantities of personnel employment on duty is arranged, promote that the country is stable with solidarity.When saving mass energy consumption, reduce the discharge value of toxic and harmful, promote low-carbon environment-friendly.Effectively utilize sunlight, allow the Nature do again the contribution time of making new advances for our good days, the indoor pure air in room and environment have been made again contribution to the life and the quality of life that improve people.Easy to learn, easy popularization, purposes are the more.But the various both artistic and practical buildings of design building, be not only local-style dwelling houses, can also be underground, semi-underground, one deck, multilayer, high level, more but factory building, workshop, office building, hotel, hostel, hotel, school etc. (see that on TV the student who the met a lot of rural poverty school little hand of going to school winter freezes red and swollenly, with this construction method, children again not be used in the cold classroom and learn.Can also underground, semi-underground building, can be used as the greenhouse gardening in rural area, this booth is without coal fire, but but not only individual layer, more multilayer, high-rise plantation, cultivation can solve various problems, temperature, and cultivated area is few.For example: 1000 square metres of 0.07 hectares; 10 layers have just increased by 9 mu of ground areas, solve drought, waterlogging, salt-soda soil, ground inferior problem, in these 10 layers of protection of the environments; the rich water of temperature, drought, waterlogging, soil etc. are all among plantation and culturist's control, for scientific farming lays a solid foundation.For aquaculture, production and processing industries etc. has been created the doubly development space of training.
Embodiment one:
One, implements ground: the Jilin, Jilin Province
Two, local winter climate situation: historical low temperature-42.6 ℃, 1.8 meters of the darkest congealing points of frozen soil layer, 1.8 meters of cold air maximum penetration indexes, 7.5 hours average times of sunshine in winter, average wind-force 2-3 level.
Three, building classification: on the ground, one deck local-style dwelling houses, flat-top
Four, building area: long 24 meters, wide 12 meters, 288 square metres, 2 meters of ground body of wall beam overalls, usable floor area: long 20 meters, wide 8 meters, 160 square metres
Five, local-style dwelling houses is towards seat Northern Dynasties south principal rooms
Six, main body overall height: 6.3 meters, 1.9 meters of under ground portions, 3.1 meters of overground parts, 1.3 meters of roof parts.
Seven, agent structure: reinforced concrete, brick mix structure, the interior wall of underground Foundation Part stone cement masonry, exterior wall, middle insulation layer three parts, 2 meters of ground sound stage widths.Interior wall, the underground stone cement masonry of exterior wall, wall is wide 37 centimetres, and middle 126 centimetres, mid portion is insulation layer.Above ground portion interior wall, exterior wall are common brick 24 walls, and room cover in-situ reinforced concrete slab is done waterproof on the room lid insulation layer and bound.
Eight, constructional materials: stone, reinforcing bar, cement, sandstone, sand, timber, three layers of door, double-layer glass, plastic foil, soft curtain, nail etc.
Nine, heat insulating material: all heat insulating materials must be dry, pulverizes the maize straw that cuts off 3-5 centimetre, straw, wheat straw, weeds, saw foam, rice husk, leaf, the cotton curtain of winter protection, the soft curtain of plastic, transparent, frostproof froth n, perlite, foamed brick, cystosepiment etc.
Ten, foundation engineering: after above-mentioned all working is ready, construction begins with excavator to 1.9 meters of projected depths, the equal lining of ground two bottom sides begins Masonry cement, stone, ground, interior wall, exterior wall width after straight and is 37 centimetres, and middle 126 meters mostly are the reservation insulation layer.When block is finished to ground location ground masonry project, with plastic foil the ground both sides are comprised all tight coverings of bottom, inspection without any ventilative moisture vapor transmission after, to cut xerophilous maize straw and rice husk pours in the insulation layer, and tread and guarantee that main body sealed insulation layer and do not sunk, occur cavity impact shelves wind resisting cold effect in the insulation layer, must tread.
11, major project: after foundation engineering is finished, the stone building materials changes the cement mortar common brick into, the wall width all changes 24 centimetres into, middle reservation insulation layer width is 1.5 meters, be daylighting heating district towards southern front wall, whole front wall daylighting district adds a cover in 20 meters long zones 16 of 35 cm thicks, 2 meters long, 1.75 meters wide trench cover plates in two gables.
Front wall only plays 1 37 wall column at exterior wall every 6.7 meters, and front daylighting district has 2 pillars.Two gables do not stay window, when rear wall block is high to 1.1 meters, stay ventilation light inlet window, totally 5 one every 4 meters.Window is high 1.5 meters, wide 1.8 meters, the double-layer glass window, the double-layer glass daylighting of daylighting district, heat absorption, when sunlight disappeared, the indoor soft curtain of 1-5 road transparent plastic that is embedded in the pillar both sides that puts down put down top thick curtain when sleep evening, there is sunlight all to open curtain, only rolls up the thick curtain in foremost when not having sunlight.5 windows of rear wall, winter, 5 soft curtains of transparent plastic put down forever, and open spring.Each one of the very useful reinforced concrete cover plate of window.Reinforced concrete cover plate, long 2.4 meters, wide 2 meters, thick 35 centimetres.
When main body is built 3.1 meters high, after the partitions such as indoor kitchen, bedroom, study, reception room, washroom are all puzzled, inside and outside main wall insulation layer heat insulating material filled up tread, formwork supporting plate is tied up reinforcing bar.Interior wall is not built, and whole exterior wall begins by existing construction reference cast-in-situ concrete after building 50 centimetres.15 centimetres of thickness, after cast-in-situ concrete reaches dynamic and static load load-bearing standard, whole roof exterior wall is built after 1.3 meters by 24 walls maize straw, the rice husk of insulation is paved on the roof and treaded, use cement mortar floating on the roof after spreading 10 centimetres of sandstones, front wall is higher 19 centimetres than rear wall, rear wall leaves outlet, and the above wipes the press polish waterproof with the high-mark cement mortar.
Embodiment two:
One, local-style dwelling houses: building classification: underground, ground, planting garden, roof.
Two, implement the place: the local historical low temperature-42.6 in Jilin, Jilin Province ℃, 1.8 meters of the darkest congealing points of frozen soil layer, 1.8 meters of cold air maximum penetration indexes, 7.5 hours average times of temperature day in winter.
Three, building structure: the double-layer heat insulation wall is divided into interior wall, exterior wall.Be insulation layer in the middle of the two-layer wall, every cold, moistureproof, saw foam, the rice husk in the middle of the protection in 126 centimetres is in permanent dry insulation optimum state by one deck sealed plastic film for 37 centimetres of interior walls, adjacent insulation layer.The 15 1 meter general frame structure of taking advantage of 1 meter the in-situ reinforced concrete slab of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete column sub-connection monolithic architecture and interior wall, exterior wall.Respectively build a reservoir on the top bit on 15 pillar tops.15 pillar positions are at the outer-wall building of front wall, rear wall.37 centimetres within the walls, and 63 centimetres in insulation layer.The axis pillar is the pillar center with the 30m line center, left and right, front, right each 50 centimetres of center line.5 one rows of 15 pillars, vertical front wall pillar, center line pillar, rear wall column are all on a horizon, laterally long 30 meters clean uses in the length, between two pillars with equalization, take the post center line as main 5 meters distances.
Four, building area: 34*17*3=1734 square metre.
Five, usable floor area: long-pending 30*13*3=1170 square metre of three aspects; Floor space 30*13*2=780 square metre
Six, local-style dwelling houses is towards seat Northern Dynasties south
Seven, height is always built in the house by laying bricks or stones: 9.2 meters, and underground 3.5 meters, 3.9 meters on ground, 1.8 meters on roof.
Eight, constructional materials: reinforced concrete, river stone, sand, stone, common brick, timber, nail, plastics, three layers of door, transparent panel etc.
Nine, heat insulating material: dry rice husk, saw foam, industrial cement add blowing agent, foam
10, foundation engineering: long by 34 meters of design standards, 17 meters are wide, 578 square metres underground construction, all excavate 2 meters dark, ground is flat, straight all around.Pillar, collar tie beam, Horizon, block notes etc. are pressed the construction of existing building construction reference, and 1 meter of 1 meter * of pillar accurately carries out concrete proportioning by the construction quality standard.By dynamic and static maximum load assembling reinforcement, guarantee pillar, when interior wall, exterior wall are advised specification outward, guarantee each processing link such as vibration all around, all reach the construction quality standard, whole ground Horizon is accomplished fluently.When building ground line by laying bricks or stones, interior wall, exterior wall and thermal insulation wall surface are completed plastic foil, from the end to upper obturage with plastic foil after, with the dry maize straw that heat insulating material pulverize to cut off, weeds, rice husk etc. fill compacting, Hou Qiang, two gable pillars are constructed in the same old way.
Towards daylighting district, southern front except pillar: 2 meters are long, and 1.25 meters are wide, 20 of 35 cm thick trench cover plates, 1.1 meters of 51 meter *, 35 cm thick trench cover plates and pillar are inlayed.The front all is to reserve the daylighting district except 5 posts.From underground 1.9 being together with 1.6 meters totally 35 meters of above ground portions, 15 pillars cast in place reinforced bar cement floor that is connected with interior wall continues innner and outer wall building construction, and ground one deck to 3.9 is meter high, 15 pillars and the interior wall cast-in-situ steel reinforced concrete that again is connected.Exterior wall is built 1.8 meters again, leaves enough delivery ports at 1.2-1.3 rice.On 1.5 meters hurdle stalks are arranged.Build respectively on 15 pillars high 1.3 meters, 1 meter at the end, one of mouthful 1.5 reservoir that are.Exterior wall all around, 15 reservoirs after all are finished, spread the 10 centimetres of sandstone in 1 meter thick upper berth with pulverizing the dry maize straw and the rice husk that cut off, make a call to 10 cm thick cement mortar again, and carry out waterproof.After reserving reserved path, spread 40 cm thick humus soil, the above can plant each Plants, vegetables, flowers, and is edible, view and admire etc.But the pond retaining can be breeded fish, and fine day can water, and connects rainy day, heavy rain above the pond water retention capacity, and delivery port can be discharged to the unnecessary water yield under the room.Like this, under ground portion, winter, wall was dry, and ground is not damp, the whole 30-1.6 rice in front daylighting district, 48 square metres of daylighting chamber areas can allow basement that sufficient sunlight is arranged.The 117 square metres of daylighting areas in daylighting district and 6 1.8*1.8 illuminating windows of rear wall can allow indoor bright, sunny in face of the ground.
Description of drawings: Fig. 1 is the insulated wall sectional drawing
1, the figure middle part is the insulation layer of filled thermal insulation materials
2, vertical bar partly is the plastic foil of waterproof, protection against the tide between insulation layer and the brick wall
3, the width of insulated wall, the degree of depth are determined by the local climate situation
Fig. 2 is that door and window and heat holding curtain are inlayed schematic diagram
1, the body of wall vertical bar is partly for winter protection curtain mosaic site, and what of winter protection curtain are by determining when the ground temperature situation.
2, very cold area door and window is outer can add cotton curtain etc. again.
Claims (9)
1. the room, the new home, rural area of energy-saving and emission-reduction, low-carbon environment-friendly, the heatings such as not electricity consumption in winter, gas, coal, bavin.It is characterized in that comprising can be underground, semi-underground, half ground, individual layer, multilayer, high level.Various informative, purposes the more.Insulation comprises to be found out local historical low temperature, frozen soil layer deepest point when the coldest, surpasses deepest point, cold air maximum penetration index, surmount insulated wall, heat-holding dampproof film, insulation layer, roof insulation heat insulating material that maximum cold air penetration index is built by laying bricks or stones, daylighting district novel heat insulation printing opacity curtain.The various heat insulating materials of plastic foil in the insulated wall.
2. the room, the new home, rural area of a kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction as claimed in claim 1, low-carbon environment-friendly, it is characterized in that the heatings such as said not electricity consumption in winter, gas, coal, bavin, to grasp local frozen soil layer deepest point, it is thermal insulation foundation that cold air adds wind maximum penetration index, the building heat preservation wall, establish insulation layer, establish heat holding curtain and surmount the darkest congealing point, maximum cold air index more than 0.1-90 centimetre for more insuring.Can be under the basis, outside the basis, also can thicken with materials such as mounds.
3. as described in the claim 1,2, the room, the new home, rural area of a kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction, low-carbon environment-friendly is characterized in that said insulated wall, comprises following form structure and material.Frame construction, the insulated wall of the various materials such as cast-in-situ steel reinforced concrete, stone walls, slabstone wall, brick wall, pottery wall, adobe wall, pise de terre, straw plaited wall.The body of wall width can be entirely with the above-mentioned material building according to local winter the darkest congealing point, cold air maximum penetration index designed, designed, and insulation layer is not stayed in the centre.Or wall divide two-layer, each one deck wall of innner and outer, intermediate space is insulation layer, insulation film, fills up with various heat insulating materials.
4. the room, the new home, rural area of a kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction, low-carbon environment-friendly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that sealing ground two inner walls of shelves wind, protection against the tide, waterproof in the said heat insulating material and innner and outer within the walls wall plastic foil and allied substances.
5. such as the room, the new home, rural area of claim 1,3 said a kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction, low-carbon environment-friendly, it is characterized in that said heat insulating material is: pulverize various dry crops stalks, maize straw, maize peel, straw, wheat straw, millet straw, highland barley, high grain, beans stalk, rice husk, saw foam, bark, the leaf that cuts off and the rubbish that is safe from harm, the heat insulating materials such as industrial cement foam, foaming, perlite, benzene plate comprise that the shelves wind, protection against the tide, the waterproof that seal interior wall guarantee the film of heat insulating material drying.
6. the room, the new home, rural area of a kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction, low-carbon environment-friendly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said daylighting district heat holding curtain, can be varied, and can be the soft curtain of transparent plastic curtain, hard plastic, the transparent panel 1-5 layer without pull-up.A kind of be put down night, the heat holding curtain of pull-up on daytime.Cotton curtain, straw screen or mat, vegetation curtain, polyacrylonitrile fibre curtain, wind-proof sleet curtain etc.
7. the room, the new home, rural area of a kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction, low-carbon environment-friendly as claimed in claim 1, but it is characterized in that more than the roofing insulation 0.1-2 rice, thickness is not limit after reaching the purpose of heat insulation and heat absorption, can also as botanical garden, Tourism Garden of Ecological, on the room reservoir etc. can be arranged.
8. the room, the new home, rural area of a kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction, low-carbon environment-friendly as claimed in claim 1, the height, the width that it is characterized in that room, the new home, said rural area can be according to local conditions and purposes, infinitely extend and increase, but individual layer, multilayer, high level, more can be underground, semi-underground, partly first-class.
9. such as the room, the new home, rural area of the said a kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction of claim 1-8, low-carbon environment-friendly, it is characterized in that said purposes the more refers to: can be as the new home, rural area, characteristic according to its institute's tool, also can be that dual-purpose room is lived in hotel, hotel, office building, office premises, merchant, school, students' dormitory, dining room, public place of entertainment, swimming pool, teahouse, plant plantation of each Plants etc.
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CN104594524A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-05-06 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Heat preserving wall with straw building blocks and polyethylene films composited |
CN109098474A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-12-28 | 刘义辉 | A kind of cabin of protecting a forest of forest conservation |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104594524A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-05-06 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Heat preserving wall with straw building blocks and polyethylene films composited |
CN109098474A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-12-28 | 刘义辉 | A kind of cabin of protecting a forest of forest conservation |
CN109469354A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2019-03-15 | 刘义辉 | One kind protects forest resources with cabin of protecting a forest |
CN109469354B (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2020-10-16 | 金江海 | Forest protection cabin for protecting forest resources |
CN109098474B (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2020-12-04 | 阜阳市伟叶家具有限公司 | Forest protection cabin for forest resource protection |
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