CN103181001B - 导电高分子材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYEPLZROMPCSKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [He].[F] Chemical compound [He].[F] WYEPLZROMPCSKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008431 aliphatic amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000007715 potassium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004839 potassium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940001516 sodium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/127—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising five-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polypyrroles, polythiophenes
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- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Abstract
提供了一种导电高分子材料及其制备方法和应用。该导电高分子材料包括导电聚合物和掺杂在其中的氟化石墨烯。导电高分子与氟化石墨烯的质量比为1:0.05-1。该导电高分子为聚噻吩或其衍生物、聚吡咯或其衍生物以及聚苯胺或其衍生物中的一种。该导电高分子材料的循环稳定性能由于掺杂氟化石墨烯而大大增强,同时导电高分子使其具有优异的容量性能。其制备方法操作简单,成本低廉,对设备要求低,适于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种导电高分子材料、其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
导电聚合物是由一些碳骨架具有大共轭π键结构的导电聚合物,经化学或电化学掺杂后形成的导电率可以从绝缘体延伸到导体范围的一类高分子材料。导电高分子材料具有导电性能良好、制备方法简单,存放时间长久的优点,但是,现有的导电高分子材料循环稳定性能较差,在应用的过程中容易出现不稳定现象。
对发明的公开
技术问题
有鉴于此,本发明实施例提供一种导电高分子材料,解决现有技术中导电高分子材料循环性能差的技术问题。本发明实施例进一步提供一种导电高分子材料制备方法。本发明实施例还提供上述导电高分子材料在太阳能电池、有机电致发光器件或锂离子电池中的应用。
技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的,
一种导电高分子材料,包括导电聚合物和掺杂在该导电聚合物之中的氟化石墨烯,该导电聚合物和氟化石墨烯质量比为1∶0.05-1,该导电聚合物为聚噻吩或其衍生物、聚吡咯或其衍生物以及聚苯胺或其衍生物中的一种。
本发明实施例进一步提供的一种导电高分子材料制备方法包括如下步骤:
将氟化石墨烯溶于含表面活性剂的溶液中,得到第一溶液;
按有机单体和该氟化石墨烯质量比1∶0.05-1将有机单体加入至该第一溶液中,加入电解质,放置工作电极和对电极,通电进行电化学聚合,得到导电高分子材料,其中,该有机单体为苯胺或其衍生物、吡咯或其衍生物以及噻吩或其衍生物中的一种。
本发明实施例还提供上述导电高分子材料在太阳能电池、有机电致发光器件或锂离子电池中的应用。
有益效果
本发明实施例导电高分子材料,通过掺杂氟化石墨烯,使其循环稳定性能大大增强,同时,该导电聚合物使其具有优异的容量性能。本发明实施例制备方法,操作简单,成本低廉,对设备要求低,适于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例导电高分子材料在1mol/L的硫酸中循环寿命图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
一种导电高分子材料,包括导电聚合物和掺杂在该导电聚合物之中的氟化石墨烯,该导电聚合物和氟化石墨烯质量比为1∶0.05-1,该导电聚合物为聚噻吩或其衍生物、聚吡咯或其衍生物以及聚苯胺或其衍生物中的一种。
本发明实施例导电高分子材料,包括氟化石墨烯,以及聚噻吩或其衍生物、聚吡咯或其衍生物,或者聚苯胺中或其衍生物的一种。氟化石墨烯具有良好的循环稳定性能,能够大大增加本发明实施例导电高分子材料的循环稳定性能,增长其使用期限;同时,上述导电聚合物具有优异的容量性能,使得本发明实施例导电高分子化合物具有较高的容量。
进一步,氟化石墨烯具有优异的导电性能,通过掺杂氟化石墨烯,使得本发明实施例导电高分子材料的导电性能得到显著增强。
具体地,该导电聚合物和氟化石墨烯的质量比为1∶0.05-1,优选1∶0.5-1。该氟化石墨烯掺杂在该导电聚合物之中;在一些具体实施例中,导电聚合物长链形成网状结构,该氟化石墨烯位于该网状结构之中,即该导电聚合物将氟化石墨烯包围。
本发明实施例进一步提供一种导电高分子材料制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S01,制备第一溶液:
将氟化石墨烯溶于含表面活性剂的溶液中,得到第一溶液;
S02,制备高分子材料;
按有机单体和氟化石墨烯质量比1∶0.05-1将有机单体加入至该第一溶液中,加入电解质,放置工作电极和对电极,通电进行电化学聚合,得到导电高分子材料。
具体地,在S01步骤中,
该表面活性剂为阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂或非离子型表面活性剂或者两性表面活性剂。该阴离子表面活性剂选自烷基苯磺酸盐、脂肪醇硫酸盐、磷酸酯、十二烷基苯磺酸钠或甲基苯磺酸钠;该阳离子表面活性剂选自脂肪胺、胺氧化物、季铵盐或氯化四乙基铵;该非离子型表面活性剂选自脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、羧酸酯或脂肪醇酰胺;该两性活性剂选自咪唑啉。
进一步,该含有表面活性剂的溶液中表面活性剂的浓度为0.01-0.6mol/L,所使用的溶剂为水或其他溶剂。按氟化石墨烯质量分数为0.01-0.1%将氟化石墨烯溶于该含表面活性剂的溶液,然后超声振荡5分钟-2小时,得到第一溶液。氟化石墨烯和表面活性剂之间具有相容性,采用含表面活性剂的溶液作为氟化石墨烯的溶剂,能够保证氟化石墨烯被完全溶解、分散。
具体地,本发明实施例制备方法中使用的氟化石墨烯没有限制,可以为市售的氟化石墨烯,也可以为自制的氟化石墨烯。优选采用自制氟化石墨烯,制备过程如下:
无水无氧条件下,将石墨烯加入至反应器,通入氟气或氟气与惰性气体组成的混合气体,于50-500℃温度下反应3-120h,得到氟化石墨烯。该惰性气体是指氮气、氦气、氩气及氖气等。优选的,向反应器中通入的氟氮混合气体,氟气占混合气体体积的10-30%,氮作为氟的稀释气体。最优选为通入氟气占总体积20%的氟氮混合气体,在250℃反应6h。该无氧条件没有限制,保证整个反应过程中没有氧气的存在即可,优选的,在通入氟气前,往反应器中通入氮气、氩气或氦气0.5-4小时,然后在密封条件下,通入上述反应气体;无水条件,即在反应前将石墨烯干燥,同时通入经过干燥的氟气或氟气与惰性气体的混合气体。
具体地,S02步骤中,
该有机单体是指噻吩或其衍生物、苯胺或其衍生物、吡咯或其衍生物。该有机单体加入至第一溶液中得到第二溶液,在该第二溶液中,有机单体浓度为0.01-0.6mol/L,有机单体和氟化石墨烯的质量比为1∶0.01-1。
该电解质加入至第二溶液中,该电解质没有限制,能够溶于上述第二溶液并且导电即可,例如,氯化钾、氯化钠、氯酸钾、高氯酸钾、溴化钠、溴化钾、碘化钾、碘化钠、硝酸钾、硝酸钠或硫酸钠中一种或以上。加入该电解质后,得到第三溶液,第三溶液中电解质的浓度为0.001-0.3mol/L。
然后,将工作电极和对电极置于该第三溶液中,向工作电极施加0.1-10mA/cm2电流密度的电流进行电化学聚合反应,上述有机单体在电场作用下聚合,生成长链导电聚合物,大量该长链导电聚合物聚集形成网状结构或其他结构,进一步,该网状结构将氟化石墨烯包围,氟化石墨烯均匀掺杂在导电聚合物之间,在工作电极上形成均匀的复合膜,即导电高分子材料。通过控制聚合过程中通入电流的电量,可以控制高分子材料复合膜的厚度。
进一步地,该工作电极可以作为超级电容器电极板的基材,形成有导电高分子材料复合膜的工作电极可直接作为超级电容器电极。
该工作电极和对电极的材质没有限制。
本发明实施例通过电化学聚合方法制备导电高分子材料,使该高分子材料中导电聚合物和氟化石墨烯之间更加均匀的掺杂,从而大大提高导电高分子材料的导电性能和循环稳定性能。
本发明实施例导电高分子材料,通过掺杂氟化石墨烯,使其循环稳定性能大大增强,同时,该导电聚合物使其具有优异的容量性能。本发明实施例制备方法,操作简单,成本低廉,对设备要求低,适于工业化生产。
本发明实施例进一步提供上述导电高分子材料在太阳能电池、有机电致发光器件、锂离子电池中的应用。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明实施例制备方法进行详细阐述。
实施例一
(1)制备氟化石墨烯
将石墨烯放入干燥箱中干燥24小时,再放入至反应器,通入干燥的氮气0.5h,然后通入氟气,在300℃下反应12h,得到氟化石墨烯;
(2)制备第一溶液
将该氟化石墨烯在0.5mol/L的含十二烷基苯磺酸的溶液中超声振荡30min,制得氟化石墨烯质量百分数0.035%的第一溶液;
(3)制备导电高分子材料
向第一溶液中加入噻吩单体,使噻吩单体的浓度为0.5mol/L,得到第二溶液;向第二溶液中加入氯化钾,使氯化钾浓度为0.3mol/L,得到第三溶液;
将工作电极和对电极置于第三溶液中,向工作电极施加10mA/cm2电流密度电流,进行电化学聚合反应,得到导电高分子材料。
将得到的导电高分子材料与导电剂、粘结剂进行充分混合,然后涂在泡沫镍上,烘烤后制成电极,再将两片同样的电极组装成对称型电容器进行恒电流充放电测试,请参阅图1,图1显示本发明采用实施例1制备的导电高分子材料制成的电极在1mol/L的硫酸中循环寿命图,测试条件:电流密度为0.2A/g,截止电压范围0-1V,循环1000次。从图1中可看出,当初始容量为372F/g,1000次循环以后容量仍保有350F/g,本发明实施例导电高分子材料具有优异的循环稳定性能。
实施例二
(1)制备氟化石墨烯
将石墨烯放入干燥箱中干燥24小时,再放入至反应器,通入干燥的氮气0.5h,然后通入氟气占总体积20%的氟氮混合气体,在100℃下反应75h,得到氟化石墨烯;
(2)制备第一溶液
将该氟化石墨烯在0.01mol/L的含十二烷基苯磺酸的溶液中超声振荡5min,制得氟化石墨烯质量百分数0.056%的第一溶液;
(3)制备导电高分子材料
向第一溶液中加入吡咯单体,使吡咯单体的浓度为0.01mol/L,得到第二溶液;向第二溶液中加入硝酸钾,使硝酸钾浓度为0.02mol/L,得到第三溶液;
将工作电极和对电极置于第三溶液中,向工作电极施加10mA/cm2电流密度电流,进行电化学聚合反应,得到导电高分子材料。
制备电极的方法参照实施例1,当初始容量为352F/g,1000次循环以后容量仍保有320F/g。
实施例三
(1)制备氟化石墨烯
将石墨烯放入干燥箱中干燥24小时,再放入至反应器,通入干燥的氮气0.5h,然后通入氟气占总体积30%的氟氦混合气体,在250℃下反应86h,得到氟化石墨烯;
(2)制备第一溶液
将该氟化石墨烯在0.25mol/L的含十二烷基苯磺酸的溶液中超声振荡110min,制得氟化石墨烯质量百分数0.025%的第一溶液;
(3)制备导电高分子材料
向第一溶液中加入苯胺单体,使苯胺单体的浓度为0.25mol/L,得到第二溶液;向第二溶液中加入氯化钾,使氯化钾浓度为0.1mol/L,得到第三溶液;
将工作电极和对电极置于第三溶液中,向工作电极施加10mA/cm2电流密度电流,进行电化学聚合反应,得到导电高分子材料。
制备电极的方法参照实施例1,当初始容量为349F/g,1000次循环以后容量仍保有337F/g。
实施例四
(1)制备氟化石墨烯
将石墨烯放入干燥箱中干燥24小时,再放入至反应器,通入干燥的氮气0.5h,然后通入氟气占总体积10%的氟氦混合气体,在450℃下反应45h,得到氟化石墨烯;
(2)制备第一溶液
将该氟化石墨烯在0.6mol/L的含十二烷基苯磺酸的溶液中超声振荡15min,制得氟化石墨烯质量百分数0.01%的第一溶液;
(3)制备导电高分子材料
向第一溶液中加入苯胺单体,使苯胺单体的浓度为0.6mol/L,得到第二溶液;向第二溶液中加入氯化钾,使氯化钾浓度为0.2mol/L,得到第三溶液;
将工作电极和对电极置于第三溶液中,向工作电极施加10mA/cm2电流密度电流,进行电化学聚合反应,得到导电高分子材料。
制备电极的方法参照实施例1,当初始容量为354F/g,1000次循环以后容量仍保有340F/g。
实施例五
(1)制备氟化石墨烯
将石墨烯放入干燥箱中干燥24小时,再放入至反应器,通入干燥的氮气0.5h,然后通入氟气占总体积10%的氟氦混合气体,在50℃下反应120h,得到氟化石墨烯;
(2)制备第一溶液
将该氟化石墨烯在0.1mol/L的含十二烷基苯磺酸的溶液中超声振荡2小时,制得氟化石墨烯质量百分数0.1%的第一溶液;
(3)制备导电高分子材料
向第一溶液中加入苯胺单体,使苯胺单体的浓度为0.1mol/L,得到第二溶液;向第二溶液中加入氯化钾,使氯化钾浓度为0.025mol/L,得到第三溶液;
将工作电极和对电极置于第三溶液中,向工作电极施加0.1mA/cm2电流密度电流,进行电化学聚合反应,得到导电高分子材料。
制备电极的方法参照实施例1,当初始容量为355F/g,1000次循环以后容量仍保有338F/g。
实施例六
(1)制备氟化石墨烯
将石墨烯放入干燥箱中干燥24小时,再放入至反应器,通入干燥的氮气0.5h,然后通入氟气占总体积15%的氟氦混合气体,在500℃下反应3h,得到氟化石墨烯;
(2)制备第一溶液
将该氟化石墨烯在0.45mol/L的含十二烷基苯磺酸的溶液中超声振荡1小时,制得氟化石墨烯质量百分数0.06%的第一溶液;
(3)制备导电高分子材料
向第一溶液中加入苯胺单体,使苯胺单体的浓度为0.45mol/L,得到第二溶液;向第二溶液中加入氯化钾,使氯化钾浓度为0.3mol/L,得到第三溶液;
将工作电极和对电极置于第三溶液中,向工作电极施加7mA/cm2电流密度电流,进行电化学聚合反应,得到导电高分子材料。
制备电极的方法参照实施例1,当初始容量为375F/g,1000次循环以后容量仍保有359F/g。
实施例七
(1)制备氟化石墨烯
将石墨烯放入干燥箱中干燥24小时,再放入至反应器,通入干燥的氮气0.5h,然后通入氟气占总体积17%的氟氦混合气体,在150℃下反应65h,得到氟化石墨烯;
(2)制备第一溶液
将该氟化石墨烯在0.035mol/L的含十二烷基苯磺酸的溶液中超声振荡15分钟,制得氟化石墨烯质量百分数0.08%的第一溶液;
(3)制备导电高分子材料
向第一溶液中加入苯胺单体,使苯胺单体的浓度为0.035mol/L,得到第二溶液;向第二溶液中加入氯化钾,使氯化钾浓度为0.3mol/L,得到第三溶液;
将工作电极和对电极置于第三溶液中,向工作电极施加7mA/cm2电流密度电流,进行电化学聚合反应,得到导电高分子材料。
制备电极的方法参照实施例1,当初始容量为382F/g,1000次循环以后容量仍保有374F/g。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种导电高分子材料,包括导电聚合物和掺杂在所述聚合物之中的氟化石墨烯,所述导电聚合物和氟化石墨烯质量比为1:0.05-1,所述导电聚合物为聚噻吩或其衍生物、聚吡咯或其衍生物以及聚苯胺或其衍生物中的一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的导电高分子材料,其特征在于,所述导电聚合物和氟化石墨烯的质量比为1:0.5-1。
3.一种导电高分子材料制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将氟化石墨烯溶于含表面活性剂的溶液中,得到第一溶液;
按有机单体和所述氟化石墨烯质量比1:0.05-1将有机单体加入至所述第一溶液中,加入电解质,放置工作电极和对电极,通电进行电化学聚合,得到导电高分子材料,该有机单体为苯胺或其衍生物、吡咯或其衍生物以及噻吩或其衍生物中的一种。
4.如权利要求3所述的导电高分子材料制备方法,其特征在于,还包括如下制备氟化石墨烯的步骤:
无水无氧条件下,将石墨烯加入至反应器,通入氟气或氟气与惰性气体组成的混合气体,于50-500 ℃温度下反应3-120 小时,得到氟化石墨烯。
5.如权利要求3所述的导电高分子材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂或两性表面活性剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的导电高分子材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述工作电极为超级电容器电极板的基材。
7.如权利要求3所述的导电高分子材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一溶液中氟化石墨烯的质量分数为0.01-0.1%。
8.如权利要求3所述的导电高分子材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机单体加入至所述第一溶液后,所述有机单体浓度为0.01-0.6mol/L。
9.如权利要求3所述的导电高分子材料制备方法,其特征在于,所述电化学聚合过程中通入的电流密度为0.1-10 mA/cm2。
10.如权利要求1-2所述的导电高分子材料在太阳能电池、有机电致发光器件、锂离子电池或超级电容器中的应用。
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