CN103141422A - Cultivation method for green crab seedlings in pond - Google Patents
Cultivation method for green crab seedlings in pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN103141422A CN103141422A CN2013100870700A CN201310087070A CN103141422A CN 103141422 A CN103141422 A CN 103141422A CN 2013100870700 A CN2013100870700 A CN 2013100870700A CN 201310087070 A CN201310087070 A CN 201310087070A CN 103141422 A CN103141422 A CN 103141422A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for green crab seedlings in a pond. The cultivation method consists of seedling cultivating facilities and a seedling cultivating process and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing a mud or sediment bottom seedling cultivating pond; arranging miropores for inflating and an aerator in the seedling cultivating pond; carrying out pond cleaning and sterilization on a water reservoir and the seedling cultivating pond before the seedling is cultivated; filtering inflowing water by using a bolting-cloth mesh bag with 120 meshes; directly incubating green crab larva in the seedling cultivating pond; starting all aerating facilities from the second day after the green crab larva are incubated; feeding the green crab larva with the following baits: feeding with wheel animalcule at the earlier stages of Z1 to Z3, preventing copepods from entering into a seedling cultivating water body at the stages of Z1 to Z2, feeding with the wheel animalcule and supplementing the feeding of the copepods with small specifications at the later stage of Z3, feeding with the copepods with small specifications at the stage of Z4 and feeding with the copepods at the stage of Z5; and gradually adding new water from the stage of Z3, wherein the water level at the initial stage of seedling cultivation is 70-80cm and the water quality indexes during seedling cultivation are that dissolved oxygen is not smaller than 5mg/L, the contents of ammonia and nitrogen are not greater than 0.4mg/L, the pH value is 7.8-8.5 and the salinity is 28-34.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sea crabs class pond rearing technology.
Background technology
At present, the seed rearing mode of cultivated crabs class (swimming crab, river crab, mud crab) has two kinds of factory culturing and pond rearings.Wherein, swimming crab, river crab are after key technology is grown seedlings in breakthrough pond at the beginning of 21 century, and universal in China, seed output accounts for respectively 70% and 90% of artificial production seed total amount, has promoted the development of these two kind aquaculture industries.Mud crab seedlings is cultivated because factors such as being subjected to working condition and seedling cost rise affects, and at present still in the factorial seedling growth mode as main, the seed output only can satisfy the cultivation seedling demand of 15% left and right, and cultivation mainly relies on sea area nature seedling with seedling.
Mud crab factorial seedling growth mode is between the seedling culturing vehicle of the conditions such as outfit air feed, water supply, heat supply, illumination control or the Magna zoea larva is cultivated to megalops larva (M) or 1～2 phase son crab in outdoor seedling pond (cement pit top and periphery arrange open and close type insulation film and photomask); Different developmental phases according to the young in seedling raising process selects to throw something and feed the agreeable to the taste biological feeds such as wheel animalcule, artemia nauplii; Keep stablizing of seedling pond water quality by changing the water mode.The characteristics of factorial seedling growth: 1) seed production overall process is carried out under controlled condition, is subjected to season and weather influence less; 2) the unit of water body output of seedling is higher, and young breeding density is at 100,000/m
2The left and right, 4000～5000/m of unit of water body output of seedling
3, the highest 10000/m
33) seed is received and catches conveniently.The problem that exists: 1) the seed production cost is higher, because relying on manually fully, the bait between nursery stage throws something and feeds, and the Magna zoea larva stage cultivates take artemia nauplii as main bait, in recent years, because the international market resource quantity of artemia sp reduces, halogen worm's ovum price as mud crab factorial seedling growth prime cost expenditure is risen progressively (halogen worm's ovum price in 2010 is 3 times of price in 2008) year by year, and the uncertainty of seedling cost has considerable influence to the seed production unit enthusiasm of growing seedlings; 2) implement factorial seedling growth and need to configure between seedling culturing vehicle and the facilities that form a complete production network such as water, electricity, heat, gas supply, drop on the basis higher (nursery of producing 200～3,000,000 juvenile crabs per year needs 800～1000 cubes of seedling waters, invests more than 20 ten thousand yuan); 3) affected by the factors such as seedling cost and seedling field construction have high input in advance, mud crab factorial seedling growth mode popularized larger difficulty.
The pond seedling raising manners is that the seed production process that will originally implement under the batch production condition moves in the outdoor breeding pond and carries out.For factorial seedling growth, the seed breeding density of growing seedlings in the pond is lower, can take full advantage of the advantage of illumination abundance, breeds the natural biology bait such as algae, wheel animalcule, copepoda in the pond, is conducive to reduce seedling cost, increases the income of growing seedlings.
Mud crab pond seedling raising manners is failed the reason that is applied to produce so far: the one, due to mud crab Magna zoea larva to the demand of 20 carbon 5 alkene acids and 22 carbon acid equal altitudes unsaturated fatty acids higher than river crab and swimming crab, as the abiotic bait such as the soya-bean milk of throwing something and feeding merely, egg yolk, microcapsule feedstuff, mud crab Z
1～Z
2The metamorphosis and survival rate of (1 phase of Magna shape～2 phases of Magna shape) is extremely low; The 2nd, the suitable cultivation water temperature in mud crab Magna zoea larva stage is (swimming crab, river crab are 22～25 ℃) more than 28 ℃, lower than this temperature, can be because Larval developmental stage extend, and the factors such as physique dies down, illness rate increase cause survival rate to descend; The 3rd, compare with swimming crab, the low temperature nurturing an environment in river crab Magna zoea larva stage, the stable difficulty of keeping mud crab Magna zoea larva nurturing an environment under hot conditions is larger, this is because Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Nitzschia closterium minutissima etc. are nutritious under hot conditions, the low temperature resistant algae that can directly be ingested by the early stage young can not survive fully, even can be under this temperature condition the green algae such as marine chlorella, Yun Weizao of normal growth, its growth cycle also foreshortened to 5～7 days by original 10～15 days.In addition, due to high temperature and high light usually together and arrive, as ignore the difference of weather conditions, bottom material of pond for breeding condition and sea area condition of water quality, the simple pond seedling-cultivating method that adopts swimming crab, river crab, fertilising breeding algae before the young hatches, not only can reach more than 9 because the excessive multiplication of algae make the pH of seedling pond water body in the early stage of growing seedlings, affect the metamorphosis and survival rate of the young, the organic matter increase seedling pond water quality management difficulty that the later stage of growing seedlings produces after also can decomposing because algae is dead; The 4th, under hot conditions, the carnivorous copepoda reproduction speed such as cyclops is accelerated, as introduces a fine variety the time or introduce a fine variety density and control improperly, very easily the food organisms such as the early stage young of mud crab and wheel animalcule, artemia larvae is damaged.
Summary of the invention
A kind of pond rearing method that has been to provide mud crab seedlings that the present invention need to solve.
Technical scheme of the present invention is equipped with by culture facility and seedling raising process consists of, and it is characterized in that the nursery pond area 500～1000m that is equipped with
2, shale or silt substrate, the dark 1.5～1.8m in pond more than useful storage water level 1.2m, has micropore inflation facility at the bottom of the pond in nursery pond, and the water surface arranges waterwheel aerator; Be equipped with cistern, water-holding capacity is more than 1/3 of nursery pond water body total amount; Grow seedlings front to cistern, nursery pond, enter the drain ditch and tamp, rebuild, keep pond inner slope slope leveling; Then the processing of cleaning up the pond before mud crab hatching larvae prerequisite uses 50～75kg/667m
2Quicklime carries out disinfection to nursery pond, and intakes the last week at nursery pond, uses 10kg/667m
2Bleaching powder again sterilize; The mud crab young hatched front 3～4 days, and from reservoir pumping to nursery pond, water inlet is strictly filtered with 120 mesh sieve tulle bags with water pump, water inlet water level 0.7～0.8m; The bromogeramine that the mud crab hatching larvae is taked that at candlelight and transferred the ovum look to dipping bath sterilization 10 minutes in the formalin that ovigerous crab that grey black, idiosome heartbeat reach 150 beats/mins is placed on 20～100ml/L or 20mg/L soaked 40 minutes, after seawater flushing, putting into the crab basket hangs at nursery pond and directly hatches, a crab basket is put an ovigerous crab, crab basket porch distribution lid, crab basket aperture must not surpass 0.5cm; Mud crab young breeding density is 1.5～20,000/m
3Namely opened whole oxygenation facilities from after the mud crab young hatches the 2nd day; The bait that mud crab young different developmental phases is thrown something and fed is: Z
1～Z
3Early stage the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, 8～10/ml of wheel animalcule density is at Z
1～Z
2Stage prevents that copepoda from entering seedling water, Z
3Later stage is replenished the small dimension copepoda of throwing something and feeding and filtering through 80 eye mesh screens, Z except the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding
38～10/ml of stage wheel animalcule density, 5～8/ml of small dimension copepoda density that filters through 80 eye mesh screens; Z
4The small dimension copepoda that stage throws something and feeds and filters through 80 eye mesh screens, 8～10/ml of density; Z
5Stage the adult copepoda of throwing something and feeding, 8～10/ml of density; Nursery pond does not apply fertilizer, and wheel animalcule, copepoda biological feed required between nursery stage are taked the mode of throwing something and feeding every day, does not directly cultivate biological feed in nursery pond, so that regulation and control food species and food density; The initial stage water level of growing seedlings is controlled at 70～80cm, from Z
3Rise gradually and add new water to nursery pond, fetch water from cistern every day and filter the rear 5cm of interpolation, after larval rearing water is full, can change in right amount water every day, until emerge; Between nursery stage, water quality index is dissolved oxygen 〉=5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, pH value 7.8～8.5, salinity 28～34.
outstanding feature of the present invention is high for existing mud crab seedlings factorial seedling growth mode production cost, and seedling field infrastructure construction investment is large, and there are larger gap in seed production scale and output and breeding production actual demand, the pond seedling raising manners is because mud crab Magna zoea larva is cultivated and need to be carried out under higher temperature conditions to megalops larva, the problems such as the regulating and controlling water quality difficulty is large, by to different developmental phases mud crab Magna zoea larva eating habit and wheel animalcule, the food organisms such as copepoda are in the research of Miao Chizhong breeding rule, integrated seedling pond food organisms breeding growth under the hot conditions, kind alternately and seedling pond regulating and controlling water quality technology, the sea crabs class pond seedling-cultivating method that replaces traditional wheel animalcule-artemia nauplii bait combination with the combination of wheel animalcule-copepoda bait, do not using fully under the condition of artemia nauplii, mud crab Magna zoea larva to the cultivating survival rate of megalops larva reaches more than 10%, seed is active, healthy and strong, megalops larva is high to young crab metamorphosis and survival rate, seedling cost reduces more than 50%, realized that the mud crab pond do not use the target of artemia nauplii in growing seedlings, show that the advantage of growing seedlings in the pond is remarkable.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is to be equipped with area 500～1000m
2Nursery pond, shale or silt substrate, the dark 1.5～1.8m in pond more than useful storage water level 1.2m, arranges micropore inflation facility in nursery pond at the bottom of the pond, the water surface arranges waterwheel aerator, aerator power is by 1～1.5 kilowatt/667m
2Configuration; Be equipped with cistern, water-holding capacity is more than 1/3 of nursery pond water body total amount; Grow seedlings front to cistern, nursery pond, enter the drain ditch and tamp, rebuild, keep pond inner slope slope leveling; Palpus water inlet leak test before use in newly-built pond; Then the processing of cleaning up the pond before mud crab hatching larvae prerequisite uses 50～75kg/667m
2Quicklime carries out disinfection to nursery pond, and intakes the last week at nursery pond, uses 10kg/667m
2Bleaching powder again sterilize; The mud crab young hatched front 3～4 days, and from reservoir pumping to nursery pond, water inlet is strictly filtered with 120 mesh sieve tulle bags with water pump, water inlet water level 0.7～0.8m; The mud crab hatching larvae is taked that at candlelight and has transferred the ovum look to bromogeramine that grey black, idiosome heartbeat reach dipping bath sterilization 10 minutes in the formalin that ovigerous crab more than 150 beats/mins is placed on 20～100ml/L or 20mg/L to soak 40 minutes, after seawater flushing, putting into the crab basket hangs at nursery pond and directly hatches, crab basket porch distribution lid, crab basket aperture must not surpass 0.5cm, and a crab basket is put an ovigerous crab; Mud crab young breeding density is pressed the effective water body 1.5 of nursery pond～20,000/m
3Calculate; Namely opened whole oxygenation facilities from after the young hatches the 2nd day; The bait that mud crab young different developmental phases adopts is: Z
1～Z
3Early stage the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, 8～10/ml of wheel animalcule density is at Z
1～Z
2Stage prevents that copepoda from entering seedling water, Z
3Later stage is replenished the small dimension copepoda of throwing something and feeding and filtering through 80 eye mesh screens, Z except the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding
3Stage must strict be controlled the specification of proportioning, density and the copepoda of wheel animalcule and copepoda in the seedling pond, 8～10/ml of wheel animalcule density, through 5～8/ml of small dimension copepoda density of 80 eye mesh screens filtrations; Z
4The small dimension copepoda that stage throws something and feeds and filters through 80 eye mesh screens, 8～10/ml of density; Z
5Stage the adult copepoda of throwing something and feeding, 8～10/ml of density; The initial stage water level of growing seedlings is controlled at 70～80cm, from Z
3Rise gradually and add new water to nursery pond, add 5cm after the filtration of fetching water with every day and be advisable from cistern; Surpass 40cm as seedling pond transparency, can draw water from the fry pond that water colour is good nearby, add nursery pond as the algae kind after 150 eye mesh screens filter; The completely rear visual water quality detection situation of larval rearing water takes change in right amount the mode of water every day, until emerge, water quality index between nursery stage: dissolved oxygen 〉=5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, pH value 7.8～8.5, salinity 28～34; Do not apply fertilizer in principle in nursery pond, newly excavate the pond front need of growing seedlings the water inlet water source is carried out determining whether need fertilising, the single fertilizing amount is with urea 2kg/667m after ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen nutritive salt basis is detected again
3, superphosphate 200g/667m
3Being the upper limit, is repeatedly principle on a small quantity, is strict controlled in manure use in the seedling pond; Nursery pond is intake afterwards and the later stage Z that grows seedlings
4, Z
5Can respectively use probiotic bacillus one time, usage amount is by the requirement of bacillus product description; Wheel animalcule, copepoda biological feed required between nursery stage are taked the mode of throwing something and feeding every day, directly do not cultivate biological feed in the seedling pond, so that regulation and control food species and food density.
Claims (1)
1. the pond rearing method of a mud crab seedlings, the present invention is equipped with by culture facility and seedling raising process consists of, and it is characterized in that the nursery pond area 500～1000m that is equipped with
2, shale or silt substrate, the dark 1.5～1.8m in pond more than useful storage water level 1.2m, has micropore inflation facility at the bottom of the pond in nursery pond, and the water surface arranges waterwheel aerator; Be equipped with cistern, water-holding capacity is more than 1/3 of nursery pond water body total amount; Grow seedlings front to cistern, nursery pond, enter the drain ditch and tamp, rebuild, keep pond inner slope slope leveling; Then the processing of cleaning up the pond before mud crab hatching larvae prerequisite uses 50～75kg/667m
2Quicklime carries out disinfection to nursery pond, and intakes the last week at nursery pond, uses 10kg/667m
2Bleaching powder again sterilize; The mud crab young hatched front 3～4 days, and from reservoir pumping to nursery pond, water inlet is strictly filtered with 120 mesh sieve tulle bags with water pump, water inlet water level 0.7～0.8m; The bromogeramine that the mud crab hatching larvae is taked that at candlelight and transferred the ovum look to dipping bath sterilization 10 minutes in the formalin that ovigerous crab that grey black, idiosome heartbeat reach 150 beats/mins is placed on 20～100ml/L or 20mg/L soaked 40 minutes, after seawater flushing, putting into the crab basket hangs at nursery pond and directly hatches, a crab basket is put an ovigerous crab, crab basket porch distribution lid, crab basket aperture must not surpass 0.5cm; Mud crab young breeding density is 1.5～20,000/m
3Namely opened whole oxygenation facilities from after the mud crab young hatches the 2nd day; The bait that mud crab young different developmental phases is thrown something and fed is: Z
1～Z
3Early stage the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, 8～10/ml of wheel animalcule density is at Z
1～Z
2Stage prevents that copepoda from entering seedling water, Z
3Later stage is replenished the small dimension copepoda of throwing something and feeding and filtering through 80 eye mesh screens, Z except the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding
38～10/ml of stage wheel animalcule density, 5～8/ml of small dimension copepoda density that filters through 80 eye mesh screens; Z
4The small dimension copepoda that stage throws something and feeds and filters through 80 eye mesh screens, 8～10/ml of density; Z
5Stage the adult copepoda of throwing something and feeding, 8～10/ml of density; Nursery pond does not apply fertilizer, and wheel animalcule, copepoda biological feed required between nursery stage are taked the mode of throwing something and feeding every day, does not directly cultivate biological feed in nursery pond, so that regulation and control food species and food density; The initial stage water level of growing seedlings is controlled at 70～80cm, from Z
3Rise gradually and add new water to nursery pond, fetch water from cistern every day and filter the rear 5cm of interpolation, after larval rearing water was full, changed in right amount water every day, until emerge; Between nursery stage, water quality index is dissolved oxygen 〉=5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, pH value 7.8～8.5, salinity 28～34.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN103843704A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-06-11 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Method for cultivating young portunid |
| CN103843702A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-06-11 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Method for raising soft-shell scylla serrata indoors |
| CN105028261A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-11-11 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for effectively preventing and controlling fungal disease of scylla paramamosain larvae |
| CN105145444A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2015-12-16 | 盐城工学院 | Culture method of Helice tientsinensis megalopae |
| CN105230531A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2016-01-13 | 盘锦光合蟹业有限公司 | Large-size crab cultivation method |
| CN106305548A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-11 | 上海市水产研究所 | Semi-ecological fry rearing method for large-size river crab parents in low-salinity cement pool of river estuarine region |
| CN109644910A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-19 | 汕头大学 | A kind of pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103843702A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-06-11 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Method for raising soft-shell scylla serrata indoors |
| CN103843704A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-06-11 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Method for cultivating young portunid |
| CN103843704B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-12-30 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | A kind of method of swimming crab nursery |
| CN105230531A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2016-01-13 | 盘锦光合蟹业有限公司 | Large-size crab cultivation method |
| CN105028261A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-11-11 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for effectively preventing and controlling fungal disease of scylla paramamosain larvae |
| CN105028261B (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2017-09-29 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | One kind preventing and treating mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed |
| CN105145444A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2015-12-16 | 盐城工学院 | Culture method of Helice tientsinensis megalopae |
| CN106305548A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-11 | 上海市水产研究所 | Semi-ecological fry rearing method for large-size river crab parents in low-salinity cement pool of river estuarine region |
| CN109644910A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-19 | 汕头大学 | A kind of pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva |
| CN109644910B (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2021-10-29 | 汕头大学 | Pond cultivation method for scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalops larvae |
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Application publication date: 20130612 |