CN103018196A - Fast detection method for rape water demand information - Google Patents
Fast detection method for rape water demand information Download PDFInfo
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- CN103018196A CN103018196A CN2012105289080A CN201210528908A CN103018196A CN 103018196 A CN103018196 A CN 103018196A CN 2012105289080 A CN2012105289080 A CN 2012105289080A CN 201210528908 A CN201210528908 A CN 201210528908A CN 103018196 A CN103018196 A CN 103018196A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fast detection method for rape water demand information. According to the method, a near infrared hyperspectral imaging device is adopted, wherein the near infrared hyperspectral imaging device comprises a light box, a halogen lamp light source, a controller, a computer, a near infrared camera, a spectrograph, a lens, Y branch linear lamps and an electrical control displacement table. The near infrared hyperspectral imaging device is used for acquiring the hyperspectral data cube of a rape leaf; target and background difference in hyperspectral images under different wavelengths is compared; a 970-nm image with larger background difference is adopted for target background partition; the optimal wavelength of rape water content is abstracted; major constituent image data in 720 nm, 960 nm and 1450 nm positions is abstracted through ENVI software; grayness, texture and reflection strength distribution characteristic space for a major constituent image is established; a rape water content predictive model is established according to leaf water content data on the basis of the partial least square method; and rape water demand and irrigation reference information is given by referring to control group samples and real-time environment humiture data of standard management. Therefore, fast nondestructive detection of rape water demand information is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lossless detection method that needs water information for rape, refer in particular to based near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging technology rape water stress state is carried out Non-Destructive Testing, in conjunction with the real time environment information detection, need water information to estimate the method for managing with irrigation decision to rape.
Background technology
Rape is one of Chinese most important oil crops, and cultivated area is produced nearly 1,000 ten thousand tons of vegetable seed per year more than 100,000,000 mu throughout the year, accounts for the 40%-45% of oil crops total production.Rape is to need the more crop of water, and water stress makes rape growth produce physiological barrier, plant protein is synthesized be suppressed; On boron to absorb impact also very large, rape is the crop to the boron sensitivity, boron deficiency often causes rape " colored and unreal ", this all will make yield of rape reduce, and affect the quality of vegetable seed.Northern China and hills rapeseed cultivation district, the situation of ubiquity drought and water shortage; Quick diagnosis water deficit in a plant situation, science instructs irrigation accurately, effectively utilizes limited water resource, guarantees the good quality and high output of rape, and this is significant.
At present crop water situation and water stress mainly are that stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, canopy surface temperature, the transpiration rate by measuring plant leaf, the indexs such as variation of plants stems shank diameter obtain indirectly, perhaps be measured as the master with the conventional weight in wet base of doing of producer's experience and laboratory, these traditional means of testing can destroy making deposits yields, affect plant growth, and expend a large amount of human and material resources, poor in timeliness.Based on reflectance spectrum, the Crop Water Stress detection technique that computer vision and infrared temperature are surveyed has fast, convenient, nondestructive advantage, at present domestic based on spectrum, the more existing correlative study patent disclosures of the crop water Non-Destructive Testing that computer vision and infrared temperature are surveyed, application number is 200510088935.0 application for a patent for invention, lossless detection method and the surveying instrument of a kind of portable plant nitrogen and moisture are disclosed, carry out the nutrient diagnosis of plant by detecting plant leaf at the spectral reflectance strength information of four characteristic wave strong points, utilize nitrogen and the water percentage information of the inverting of four wavelength vegetation indexs being obtained plant; Application number is 200710178192.5 application for a patent for invention, a kind of online crop water stress irrigation decision monitoring system is disclosed, by the monitoring devices such as environment temperature sensor that arrange on the inner infrared canopy temperature sensor of installing of one group of high-speed holder and the rack rod, can realize the monitoring to the canopy surface temperature of crop in the residential quarter.Nondestructive method based on spectral technique adopts the point source sample mode usually, can't embody the reflective character difference in whole blade or canopy zone.Vision sensor has higher resolution and larger field range; can effectively remove the impact of the factors such as background by image Segmentation Technology; it is less and the test position required stricter shortcoming to have overcome the spectroscopic methodology test specification; but traditional computer vision technique spectral resolution is very low; what usually obtain is that target is at the multispectral image of the composograph of the visible region of 400-700nm or seldom several wave bands; and the characteristic wave bands of hydrone is regional at 960nm and 1450nm, and this causes traditional visual pattern technology to be difficult to be applied to the lossless detection of Crop Water Stress.And detect based on the water stress of infrared temperature, because feature is single and larger to the susceptibility of environment temperature and humidity, therefore only can carry out to the water stress of crop at present trend to judge, be difficult to carry out the accurate quantification analysis.
The near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging technology that the present invention adopts is obtained the water stress information of rape, this technology is the new technology that integrates near-infrared reflection spectrum and Hyper spectral Imaging technology, on the continuous spectral coverage of 900-1700nm to high resolving power on 256 wave bands the continuous imaging of same target with 3.5nm, consist of one and press the tactic view data cube of wavelength, have the advantage of reflectance spectrum and visual pattern technology concurrently, the color that can cause the plant water stress, texture, the features such as metamorphosis are carried out visual analyzing, and analysis-by-synthesis is carried out in variation that can be subjected to the hydrone near infrared spectrum reflectivity distributed intelligence that water stress causes to plant leaf again etc.Domestic and foreign literature there is not yet and utilizes near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging technology to carry out Patents and the report of crop water information detection at present.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rape needs the quick detecting method of water information.By the near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging harvester that makes up voluntarily, gather the ultraphotic spectrum data cube of rape leaf; Extract optimal characteristics wavelength and the major component image of rape water stress, make up the near infrared spectrum distribution of water stress and color, texture, the morphological feature space of characteristic image; Based on multi-information merging technology, set up the diagnostic model of rape water stress, realize the quick nondestructive of rape water stress information is detected and quantitative test.For rape water management and irrigation decision provide scientific basis.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging device that makes up voluntarily to gather the near infrared ultraphotic spectrum data of rape sample, near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging device comprises such as lower member: light box, halogen tungsten lamp light source, controller, computing machine, Hyper spectral Imaging sensor, Y branch linear modulation and automatically controlled displacement platform, described Hyper spectral Imaging sensor is connected to form successively by near infrared camera, spectrograph and camera lens, and is fixed on light box inner top center; Described automatically controlled displacement platform is fixed on the bottom surface geometric center in the light box, be positioned at described Hyper spectral Imaging sensor under; Described Y branch linear modulation symmetry is installed in the left and right sides, middle part in the light box; Described halogen tungsten lamp light source is connected by two glass optical fibers with Y branch linear modulation; Described Hyper spectral Imaging sensor is connected with controller by data line with automatically controlled displacement platform; Computing machine is connected by data line with described controller, and controller is accepted the steering order of computing machine, sweep velocity, time shutter, focal length and other parameter when controlling the gait of march of described automatically controlled displacement platform and Hyper spectral Imaging sensor information and gathering.
The common Hyper spectral Imaging sensor that forms of wherein said near infrared camera, spectrograph and camera lens, it is camera lens bottom, upwards connects successively thereafter spectrograph, near infrared camera; Wherein said near infrared camera is indium gallium arsenic imaging camera, and spectral range is 900-1700nm.
Wherein said Hyper spectral Imaging sensor light spectral resolution is 3.5nm, adopts the ultraphotic spectrum data of line sweep mode collecting sample; Described line sweep mode is to finish along traveling priority by the automatically controlled displacement platform that is positioned under it, and in the near infrared wavelength region of 900-1700nm, the single pass process can be obtained 256 near infrared HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY on the wave band synchronously.
The electrostatic spraying of the inner employing of wherein said light box black.
For realizing the purpose of invention, a kind of rape of the present invention needs the quick detecting method of water information to carry out according to following step:
(1) the rape sample is fixed on the automatically controlled displacement platform, resolution, gain, the time shutter of adjusting lens focus and near infrared camera are clear with the assurance image, set the speed of automatically controlled displacement platform, avoid scanner distorsion; The Hyper spectral Imaging sensor is carried out the demarcation of black and white field, set the usable reflection intensity interval of HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY, eliminate the camera dark current noise;
(2) the near infrared ultraphotic that gathers the rape sample is composed data cube, carry out camera " bad point " data that digital filtering is removed near infrared ultraphotic spectrum data by second order Butterworth wave filter, the difference of target and background in the HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY under the different wave length relatively, the larger 970nm image of employing background difference carries out background segment;
(3) most optimum wavelengths of extraction rape water percentage utilizes ENVI software to extract the major component view data at 720nm, 960nm, 1450nm place;
(4) based on the major component image that obtains, set up gray scale, texture and the reflection strength distribution characteristics space of major component image, in conjunction with the leaf water content data, based on partial least square method, set up the rape water cut prediction, the control group sample of normative reference management and real time environment temperature and humidity data provide the water requirement of rape and irrigate reference information.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: (1) the present invention adopts near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging device to need water information to carry out quantitative test to rape, and this was not all relating in file in the past.(2) the present invention is by obtaining synchronously the integrated information of rape leaf, merge near-infrared image gray scale, texture and near-infrared reflection intensity distributions feature and carry out the prediction of rape water percentage and analysis, realized that rape needs the quick detection of water information, compare with the single detection means of visual pattern with traditional spectrum, the precision and stability of identification is significantly improved, and rape measurement of water ratio error is less than 5%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the quick detecting method process flow diagram that a kind of rape of the present invention needs water information;
Fig. 2 is near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging apparatus structure synoptic diagram; The 1-light box; The 2-halogen tungsten lamp light source; The 3-controller; The 4-computing machine; The 5-near infrared camera; The 6-spectrograph; The 7-camera lens; 8-Y branch linear modulation; The automatically controlled displacement platform of 9-; 10-rape sample.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is explained in further detail.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging device that makes up voluntarily to gather the near infrared ultraphotic spectrum data of rape sample, and near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging device comprises such as lower member: light box 1, halogen tungsten lamp light source 2, controller 3, computing machine 4, near infrared camera 5, spectrograph 6, camera lens 7, Y branch linear modulation 8 and automatically controlled displacement platform 9.The effect of light box 1 is the shielding external interference, and for the data acquisition of near infrared ultraphotic spectrum provides stable light source and testing environment, the Hyper spectral Imaging sensor that is comprised of near infrared camera 5, spectrograph 6 and camera lens 7 has been fixed in light box 1 top center position; The bottom surface geometric center of light box has been fixed automatically controlled displacement platform 9, and symmetry has been installed Y branch linear modulation 8 in the left and right sides, light box middle part; Wherein the Hyper spectral Imaging sensor be vertically mounted on automatically controlled displacement platform 9 directly over; Halogen tungsten lamp light source 2 and Y branch linear modulation 8 are connected by two glass optical fibers; The Hyper spectral Imaging sensor is connected with controller 3 by data line with automatically controlled displacement platform 9; Computing machine 4 and controller 3 are connected by data line, controller 3 is accepted the steering order of computing machine 4, the parameters such as the sweep velocity when controlling the gait of march of automatically controlled displacement platform 9 and Hyper spectral Imaging sensor information and gathering, time shutter, focal length, implementation information collection control.
Wherein said near infrared camera 5, spectrograph 6 and the camera lens 7 common Hyper spectral Imaging sensors that form, it is camera lens 7 bottom, upwards connects successively thereafter spectrograph 6, near infrared camera 5; Wherein said near infrared camera 5 is indium gallium arsenic imaging camera, and its spectral range is 900-1700nm.
Wherein said Hyper spectral Imaging sensor light spectral resolution is 3.5nm, adopts the ultraphotic spectrum data of line sweep mode collecting sample; Described line sweep mode is to drive samples and move along the direction of scanning and finish by being positioned at automatically controlled displacement platform 9 under it, and in the near infrared wavelength region of 900-1700nm, the single pass process can be obtained 256 near infrared HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY on the wave band synchronously.
Wherein said halogen tungsten lamp light source wavelength coverage is 400-2600nm.
The electrostatic spraying of the inner employing of wherein said light box black.
During actual measurement, carry out according to following step:
(1) rape sample 10 is fixed on the automatically controlled displacement platform 9, the resolution of adjusting lens focus and be 10mm and near infrared camera is 717 * 525, shutter speed is that 1/1000s, frame per second are 26, to guarantee the clear of image, the speed parameter of setting automatically controlled displacement platform 9 is 9, avoids scanner distorsion; The Hyper spectral Imaging sensor is carried out the demarcation of black and white field, gather Hei Chang and white field information, wherein black field is undertaken by closing the scanning of light source and lens cap, and white is undertaken by the scanning standard blank, obtain the relative reference value of 900-1700nm wavelength coverage, wherein black reference value is 0, white relative reference value be 255, Yi Baichang and black 's difference as denominator, calculate the imaging gray-scale value of each pixel, set the usable reflection intensity interval of HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY, eliminate the camera dark current noise; The relative intensity value of each pixel is calculated and is undertaken by following formula:
In the formula:
xBe pixel intensity detection value;
x Min , x Max Be black strength mean value and the strength mean value of white field.
(2) the near infrared ultraphotic that gathers rape sample 10 is composed data cube, carry out camera " bad point " data that digital filtering is removed near infrared ultraphotic spectrum data by second order Butterworth wave filter, the difference of target and background in the HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY under the different wave length relatively, the larger 970nm image of employing background difference carries out background segment;
(3) most optimum wavelengths of extraction rape water percentage utilizes ENVI software to extract the major component view data at 720nm, 960nm, 1450nm place;
(4) based on the major component image that obtains, set up gray scale, texture and the reflection strength distribution characteristics space of major component image, in conjunction with the leaf water content data, based on partial least square method, set up the rape water cut prediction:
W=621.75+171.54ANS 1450 -169.28ANS 960 +68.55ANS 720 (2)
In the formula:
W rape water percentage (%), ANS 1450 , ANS 960 , ANS 720 The characteristic parameter through normalization and Weighted Fusion for the gray scale under the respective wavelength, texture and reflection strength distribution characteristics variable; Utilize this model to seedling stage rape water percentage predict that the mean absolute error of predicted value and measured value is 3.87%, average relative error is 5.08%, related coefficient is 0.96, mean square deviation is 2.97.Precision of prediction is compared with existing method and is significantly increased.The control group sample of normative reference management and real time environment temperature and humidity data provide the water requirement of rape and irrigate reference information.
More than just in conjunction with a specific embodiment; the present invention is further understood in exemplary illustration and help; but the embodiment detail only is for the present invention is described; do not represent the present invention and conceive lower whole technology embodiment; therefore should not be construed as the technology embodiment restriction total to the present invention, some do not depart from the unsubstantiality of inventive concept and change In the view of the technician; for example simple the change or replacement of technical characterictic to have same or similar technique effect all belongs to protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the quick detecting method of a rape need water information utilizes the ultraphotic spectrum data of near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging device collection rape sample and carries out analyzing and processing, it is characterized in that the step that comprises is:
(1) the rape sample is fixed on the automatically controlled displacement platform, adjusts resolution, gain and the time shutter of lens focus and near infrared camera to guarantee the clear of image, set the speed of automatically controlled displacement platform, avoid scanner distorsion; The Hyper spectral Imaging sensor is carried out the demarcation of black and white field, set the usable reflection intensity interval of HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY, eliminate the camera dark current noise;
(2) the near infrared ultraphotic that gathers the rape sample is composed data cube, carry out camera " bad point " data that digital filtering is removed near infrared ultraphotic spectrum data by second order Butterworth wave filter, the difference of target and background in the HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY under the different wave length relatively, the larger 970nm image of employing background difference carries out background segment;
(3) most optimum wavelengths of extraction rape water percentage utilizes ENVI software to extract the major component view data at 720nm, 960nm, 1450nm place;
(4) based on the major component image that obtains, set up gray scale, texture and the reflection strength distribution characteristics space of major component image, in conjunction with rape sample water percentage data, based on partial least square method, set up the rape water cut prediction, the control group sample of normative reference management and real time environment temperature and humidity data provide the water requirement of rape and irrigate reference information.
2. a kind of rape according to claim 1 needs the quick detecting method of water information, it is characterized in that, described near infrared Hyper spectral Imaging device comprises such as lower member: light box, halogen tungsten lamp light source, controller, computing machine, Hyper spectral Imaging sensor, Y branch linear modulation and automatically controlled displacement platform, described Hyper spectral Imaging sensor is connected to form successively by near infrared camera, spectrograph and camera lens, and is fixed on light box inner top center; Described automatically controlled displacement platform is fixed on the bottom surface geometric center in the light box, be positioned at described Hyper spectral Imaging sensor under; Described Y branch linear modulation symmetry is installed in the left and right sides, middle part in the light box; Described halogen tungsten lamp light source is connected by two glass optical fibers with Y branch linear modulation; Described Hyper spectral Imaging sensor is connected with controller by data line with automatically controlled displacement platform; Computing machine is connected by data line with described controller, and controller is accepted the steering order of computing machine, sweep velocity, time shutter, focal length and other parameter when controlling the gait of march of described automatically controlled displacement platform and Hyper spectral Imaging sensor information and gathering.
3. a kind of rape according to claim 2 needs the quick detecting method of water information, it is characterized in that described near infrared camera is indium gallium arsenic imaging camera, and spectral range is 900-1700nm.
4. a kind of rape according to claim 3 needs the quick detecting method of water information, it is characterized in that, described Hyper spectral Imaging sensor light spectral resolution is 3.5nm, adopt the ultraphotic spectrum data of line sweep mode collecting sample, described line sweep mode refers to by being positioned at the automatically controlled displacement platform under the Hyper spectral Imaging sensor, driving the rape sample when carrying out data acquisition moves along rectilinear direction and finishes, in the near infrared wavelength region of 900-1700nm, the single pass process can be obtained 256 near infrared HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY on the wave band synchronously.
5. a kind of rape according to claim 4 needs the quick detecting method of water information, it is characterized in that the electrostatic spraying of the inner employing of described light box black.
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| CN104697943A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-06-10 | 江苏大学 | Rape water stress nondestructive testing method |
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