CN102814318A - Solid waste sorting process based on thermal conductivity difference of different materials - Google Patents
Solid waste sorting process based on thermal conductivity difference of different materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN102814318A CN102814318A CN2012103282513A CN201210328251A CN102814318A CN 102814318 A CN102814318 A CN 102814318A CN 2012103282513 A CN2012103282513 A CN 2012103282513A CN 201210328251 A CN201210328251 A CN 201210328251A CN 102814318 A CN102814318 A CN 102814318A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solid waste sorting process based on thermal conductivity difference of different materials. The solid waste sorting process is capable of sorting different types of solid wastes through a simple process and aims to solve the problems that the existing solid waste sorting process is incapable of sorting solid wastes with maximum benefit due to reasons such as complex sorting process flow, single classification object, high equipment cost, complex technique and the like. Temperature sensors are taken as the core of the solid waste sorting process provided by the invention, a data acquisition system based on a PC (Personal Computer) acquires and processes the temperature of each point in the process flow, and according to heat absorbing/releasing models of different materials, a computer controller is used for automatically controlling the temperatures of a high constant temperature chamber and a low constant temperature chamber and the temperature recognition range of the temperature sensors on different manipulators, therefore, the solid waste sorting process is capable of efficiently sorting the different solid wastes. Compared with other conventional sorting processes, the whole process expands the range of the sortable solid wastes, simplifies the sorting steps and develops a new way for sorting the solid wastes.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of treatment process that is used for the solid waste letter sorting, be specifically related to a kind of based on the different solid waste sort process of different materials thermal conductivity.
Two, background technology
Solid waste mainly is divided into three types of industry and mining solid waste, house refuse and other solid waste.Main constituent comprises barren rock, metal, waste wood, plastics etc. in the industry and mining solid waste, and main constituent is plastics, rubber, metal, rubbish from cooking, paper scrap etc. in the house refuse refuse.
Mainly be that means (like pulverizing, compression, drying, evaporation, burning etc.) or biological chemistry action (like oxidation, digest and decompose, absorption etc.) through physics is in order to dwindle its volume, to quicken the process of its self-purification to the method for Solid Waste Treatment in the past.Life refuse processing method is mainly landfill (a kind of processing of solid refuse and burying method; Publication number: CN1184023C), stack, burn (domestic waste incineration; CN 1317528C) and compost publication number:; But because of its utilization rate is low, have hidden danger and risk, the noxious material of generation can't be handled etc.These problems have been facilitated the development of garbage sorting technology.
Existing solid waste letter sorting technology; Especially the separating domestic garbage technology mainly contains gravity separation, pneumatic separating (classification system for winnowing garbage; CN 100584474C), magnetic force sorting, infrared ray sorting (method for refining-sorting domestic garbage publication number:; CN 101758026B), electrostatic separation (changing food waste living beings separator, publication number: CN 202037171U) etc. publication number:.The development of these garbage sorting technologies is also improving constantly the efficient of refuse classification, but because of its letter sorting object is single, equipment cost is high, and technology reason such as loaded down with trivial details makes these method for sorting to sort rubbish in greatest benefit ground.
Different material is because thermal conductivity is different, and heat absorption/heat release speed different features has related application in a lot of fields.Heat absorption is mainly used in solar electrical energy generation (a kind of solar energy overlay film absorber plate; Publication number: CN 202361670U); Heat release is used for heating (a kind of composite heat sink, publication number: CN 202190490U) etc., in the garbage sorting field, do not carry out application but see it so far.
The solid waste thermal conductivity is: contain oils material＜rubber＜[macromolecule] polypropylene＜epoxy resin＜moisture type of material (rubbish from cooking)＜glass＜soil＜concrete＜stainless steel＜lead＜aluminium＜gold＜copper＜silver.Wherein, Material combustions such as rubber, [macromolecule] polypropylene, epoxy resin are the high-molecular organic material of polluters such as meeting generation bioxin; Glass, soil, concrete etc. are incombustible inorganic material; Stainless steel, lead, aluminium, gold, copper, silver etc. are metal material, can in industry, carry out second use.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the sort process flow process complicacy that existing solid waste sort process exists; Object of classification is single; Problems such as equipment cost is high, and technology is loaded down with trivial details aim to provide a simple technology and sub-elect various different classes of solid waste; Solid waste classification is handled, accomplished resource, industrialization.The objective of the invention is to realize in the following manner:
Solid waste sort process of the present invention has two kinds of different modes:
Mode one:
(1) at first that solid waste is broken through shredding machine, sieve by cylinder screening or spring sorting technology again, make monoblock solid waste be divided into the solid waste of a certain size scope and remove thin grey sandy soil, keep the oversize of diameter＞1cm.
(2) with oversize earlier through a little more than the temperature range of room temperature high thermostatic chamber at 30-60 ℃, basic identical through all solids refuse temperature behind about 1-60min.
(3) through main belt solid waste is sent to a little less than the temperature range of the room temperature low thermostatic chamber at 0-30 ℃ again.Because different solid waste materials are different, thermal conductivity is different, and therefore the decline temperature is also different in the identical time, and the temperature range of decline is 0-30 ℃.
(4) this moment, by the 2-10 group, every group of 1-20 manipulator that has temperature sensor discerned the solid waste of different temperatures, sorts again, is sorted on the different vice-belts in low temperature chamber.
(5) different vice-belts are connected to different classes of collecting chamber respectively, and different classes of solid waste is sorted out.
Mode two:
(1) at first that solid waste is broken through shredding machine, sieve by cylinder screening or spring sorting technology again, make monoblock solid waste be divided into the solid waste of a certain size scope and remove thin grey sandy soil, keep the oversize of diameter＞1cm.
(2) with oversize earlier through a little less than the temperature range of room temperature low thermostatic chamber at 0-30 ℃, basic identical through all solids refuse temperature behind about 1-60min.
(3) through main belt solid waste is sent to a little more than the temperature range of the room temperature high thermostatic chamber at 30-60 ℃ again.Because different solid waste materials are different, thermal conductivity is different, and therefore ascending temperature is also different in the identical time, and the temperature range of rising is 0-30 ℃.
(4) this moment, by the 2-10 group, every group 1-20 solid useless letter sorting manipulator that has temperature sensor discerned the solid waste of different temperatures, sorts again, is sorted on the different vice-belts in low temperature chamber.
(5) different vice-belts are connected to different classes of collecting chamber respectively, and different classes of solid waste is sorted out.
A whole set of technology is gathered the temperature of thermostatic chamber and solid waste by the data collecting system based on PC; Calculate different material heat absorption heat release model according to heat transfer theory; Through computer controller control, can control the temperature identification range of temperature sensor on temperature and the different manipulator of high thermostatic chamber and low thermostatic chamber automatically.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
The material that solid waste sort process of the present invention is based on unlike material is in the different principle design of thermal conductivity; Can sort efficiently various different types of solid waste well, especially can reach more than 90% several big type of solid waste letter sorting efficient such as the metal material in the life, inorganic material, high-molecular organic material.Compare with other traditional sort process, enlarged the solid waste scope that can sort, simplified separation step.A whole set of technology has been opened up the new way of solid waste letter sorting, can huge economic benefit be provided for the further processing of rubbish and the pre-treatment of waste incineration.
Four, description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1,2 is the flow chart of mode one.
Accompanying drawing 3,4 is the flow chart of mode two.
Five, the specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
In room temperature is under the condition about 27 ℃, is earlier 27 ℃ low thermostatic chamber 5min through excess temperature with the solid waste that mixes, and hybrid solid refuse temperature remains on 27 ℃ fully.This moment main belt the hybrid solid refuse is sent to temperature is 55 ℃ high thermostatic chamber, through data collecting system image data based on PC.Sensing data shows that metal species materials such as stainless steel, lead, aluminium, gold, copper, silver raise 15 ℃ in 1.5-4min, heating rate is 3.75-10 ℃/min.Several groups of solid waste letter sortings this moment hand can sort out metal species materials such as stainless steel, lead, aluminium, gold, copper, silver, moves on the vice-belt that transmits the metal species material.Vice-belt is sent to metal species material collecting chamber with metal material again.
Embodiment 2:
In room temperature is under the condition about 27 ℃, is earlier 27 ℃ low thermostatic chamber 5min through excess temperature with the solid waste that mixes, and hybrid solid refuse temperature remains on 27 ℃ fully.This moment main belt the hybrid solid refuse is sent to temperature is 55 ℃ high thermostatic chamber, through data collecting system image data based on PC.Sensing data shows that inorganic material such as glass, soil, concrete raise 15 ℃ in 5.5-8.5min, heating rate is 1.76-2.72 ℃/min.Several groups of solid waste letter sortings this moment hand can sort out inorganic material such as glass, soil, concrete, moves on the vice-belt that transmits inorganic material.Vice-belt is sent to the inorganic material collecting chamber with inorganic material again.
Embodiment 3:
In room temperature is under the condition about 27 ℃, is earlier 27 ℃ low thermostatic chamber 5min through excess temperature with the solid waste that mixes, and hybrid solid refuse temperature remains on 27 ℃ fully.This moment main belt the hybrid solid refuse is sent to temperature is 55 ℃ high thermostatic chamber, through data collecting system image data based on PC.Sensing data shows that high-molecular organic materials such as rubber, [macromolecule] polypropylene, epoxy resin raise 15 ℃ in 10-14min, heating rate is 1.07-1.5 ℃/min.Several groups of solid waste letter sortings this moment hand can sort out high-molecular organic materials such as rubber, [macromolecule] polypropylene, epoxy resin, moves on the vice-belt that transmits high-molecular organic material.Vice-belt is sent to the high-molecular organic material collecting chamber with high-molecular organic material again.
Embodiment 4:
In room temperature is under the condition about 33 ℃, is earlier 55 ℃ high thermostatic chamber 20min through excess temperature with the solid waste that mixes, and hybrid solid refuse temperature remains on 55 ℃ fully.This moment main belt the hybrid solid refuse is sent to temperature is 20 ℃ low thermostatic chamber, through data collecting system image data based on PC.Sensing data shows that metal species materials such as stainless steel, lead, aluminium, gold, copper, silver reduce 15-27 ℃ at 3min; A group solid waste letter sorting this moment hand can sort out metal materials such as stainless steel, lead, aluminium, gold, copper, silver, moves on the vice-belt that transmits metal material.Vice-belt is sent to the metal material collecting chamber with metal material again.
Embodiment 5:
In room temperature is under the condition about 33 ℃, is earlier 55 ℃ high thermostatic chamber 20min through excess temperature with the solid waste that mixes, and hybrid solid refuse temperature remains on 55 ℃ fully.This moment main belt the hybrid solid refuse is sent to temperature is 20 ℃ low thermostatic chamber, through data collecting system image data based on PC.Sensing data shows that inorganic material such as glass, soil, concrete reduce 9-14 ℃ at 3min, and B group solid waste letter sorting this moment hand can sort out inorganic material such as glass, soil, concrete, moves on the vice-belt that transmits inorganic material.Vice-belt is sent to the inorganic material collecting chamber with inorganic material again.
Embodiment 6:
In room temperature is under the condition about 33 ℃, is earlier 55 ℃ high thermostatic chamber 20min through excess temperature with the solid waste that mixes, and hybrid solid refuse temperature remains on 55 ℃ fully.This moment main belt the hybrid solid refuse is sent to temperature is 20 ℃ low thermostatic chamber, through data collecting system image data based on PC.Sensing data shows that high-molecular organic materials such as rubber, [macromolecule] polypropylene, epoxy resin reduce 4-8 ℃ at 3min; C group solid waste letter sorting this moment hand can sort out high-molecular organic materials such as rubber, [macromolecule] polypropylene, epoxy resin, moves on the vice-belt that transmits high-molecular organic material.Vice-belt is sent to the high-molecular organic material collecting chamber with high-molecular organic material again.
Claims (9)
1. the mode one of a solid waste sort process, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are following:
(1) solid waste at first carries out crushing and screening, makes monoblock solid waste be divided into the rubbish of a certain size scope and removes thin grey sandy soil, keeps the oversize of certain diameter.(2) oversize is handled through the high thermostatic chamber constant temperature a little more than room temperature earlier, and all solids refuse temperature is basic identical after a period of time.(3) main belt is sent to the low thermostatic chamber a little less than room temperature with solid waste again.Solid useless certain temperature that descends separately of unlike material during this period of time.(4) several groups of solid useless letter sorting manipulators that have temperature sensor are discerned the discarded object of different temperatures, sort again, are sorted on the different vice-belts.(5) different vice-belts are connected to different classes of collecting chamber respectively, with different classes of solid useless sorting out.
2. like (1) in the claim 1 described solid waste sort process, it is characterized in that: solid waste is broken through shredding machine, is sieved the final oversize diameter＞1cm that keeps by cylinder screening or spring sorting technology.
3. like (2) in the claim 1 described solid waste sort process, it is characterized in that: the temperature range of high thermostatic chamber is between 30-60 ℃, and is basic identical through all solids refuse temperature behind about 1-60min.
4. like (3) in the claim 1 described solid waste sort process, it is characterized in that: the temperature range of low thermostatic chamber is between 0-30 ℃.The time that solid waste descends is 1-60min, and the decline temperature range is 0-60 ℃.
5. solid waste sort process as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: this technology is gathered the temperature of thermostatic chamber and solid waste by the data collecting system based on PC; Calculate different material heat absorption heat release model according to heat transfer theory; Again through computer controller control, control the temperature identification range of temperature sensor on temperature and the different manipulator of high thermostatic chamber and low thermostatic chamber automatically.
6. the mode two of a solid waste sort process, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are following:
(1) solid waste at first carries out crushing and screening, makes monoblock solid waste be divided into the rubbish of a certain size scope and removes thin grey sandy soil, keeps the oversize of certain diameter.(2) oversize is handled through the low thermostatic chamber constant temperature a little less than room temperature earlier, and all solids refuse temperature is basic identical after a period of time.(3) main belt is sent to the high thermostatic chamber a little more than room temperature with solid waste again.Solid useless certain temperature that rises separately of unlike material during this period of time.(4) the solid useless letter sorting manipulator that has temperature sensor is discerned the discarded object of different temperatures, sorts again, is sorted on the different vice-belts.(5) different vice-belts are connected to different classes of collecting chamber respectively, with different classes of solid useless sorting out.
7. like (2) in the claim 6 described solid waste sort process, it is characterized in that: the temperature range of low thermostatic chamber is between 0-30 ℃, and is basic identical through all solids refuse temperature behind about 1-60min.
8. like (3) in the claim 6 described solid waste sort process, it is characterized in that: the temperature range of high thermostatic chamber is between 30-60 ℃, and the time that solid waste rises is 1-60min, and the temperature range of rising is 0-60 ℃.
9. the application of the thermal conductivity of material in the solid waste letter sorting.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104475425A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-01 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Recycling method for selective laser sintering indirectly-molded residual and waste materials |
| CN104646302A (en) * | 2013-11-24 | 2015-05-27 | 邢玉明 | Method for sorting non-biological domestic garbage by parallel manipulators |
| CN115815308A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-21 | 安徽皖苏电力运检科技有限公司 | Industrial solid waste sorting treatment method |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN104646302A (en) * | 2013-11-24 | 2015-05-27 | 邢玉明 | Method for sorting non-biological domestic garbage by parallel manipulators |
| CN104475425A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-01 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Recycling method for selective laser sintering indirectly-molded residual and waste materials |
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Address after: Process building, Institute of process engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. two North 1 Street, Beijing, Haidian District, 718, China, Zhongguancun Applicant after: Li Zehui Address before: 210044 School of environmental science and engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ning six road, Nanjing hi tech Development Zone, Jiangsu, China Applicant before: Li Zehui |
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Application publication date: 20121212 |