CN102639610B - 含水聚合物分散体 - Google Patents
含水聚合物分散体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用于生产含水聚合物分散体的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:i)提供第一和第二聚合物的混合物,当在100℃下测定时,聚合物各自具有在100s-1下大于30Pa.s的粘度,所述混合物包含a)1-60重量份的在含水介质中不可溶混并且任选地包含反应性结构部分的第一聚合物和b)40-99重量份的包含分散10基团的第二聚合物,所述聚合物在含水介质中是可溶混的并且任选地还包含对第一聚合物上的结构部分呈反应性的结构部分,ii)在选定的温度下,在高剪切的条件下,在挤出机中使两种聚合物熔融以形成两种聚合物的紧密混合物,iii)任选地,在挤出机中在高剪切条件下使第一和第二聚合物的反应性结构部分1彼此反应以形成反应的混合物,iv)在挤出机外部将步骤ii)或步骤iii)的熔融混合物骤冷以形成固体产物,v)任选地将固体产物破裂为更小的块20,vi)使固体产物与含水介质接触,其中,含水介质溶解第二聚合物,但不溶解第一聚合物,以在第二聚合物的含水溶液中形成含有第一聚合物的微粒的分散体。
Description
本发明涉及制备含水聚合物分散体的方法,所述含水聚合物分散体用作建筑涂料组合物和食品和饮料金属容器中使用的罐涂层。还提供含水聚合物分散体。
食品和饮料金属容器,例如罐和有盖托盘的内面通常被涂敷,以防止内含物和形成罐的金属之间的反应。此类反应导致不期望的罐劣化并且还潜在地对内含物有损害作用,尤其是在质量和味道的变化方面。在没有内部涂层的情况下,含有食品或饮料的大多数罐将不能保持很长的可使用期。在罐形成之前,常常通过辊涂将涂料施加至平面金属,然后干燥和/或在烘干操作中固化,典型使用的烘箱温度对于金属板而言为约200℃下6-12分钟,而对盘绕金属而言为约200℃下8-30秒。然后在填装食品或饮料并最终密封之前,通过拉制法由平面金属形成罐。
要求这样的罐涂层具有非常良好的柔韧性、粘附性、抗菌性、稳定性和防潮性。当涂敷的平面金属板被拉制为罐的形状时,如果要求涂层在罐形成过程期间保持完整,则柔韧性和粘附性是必需的。
当用食品填装罐时,通常通过将密封的罐加热至约120℃-140℃的温度10-90分钟(取决于食物的性质)来消毒内含物。然后涂层直接与罐的内含物接触相当长的一段时间,可能是很多年。在消毒和随后的储存期间,要求涂层保持其完整性从而防止金属罐的腐蚀并防止金属迁移到罐内含物中。此外,涂层必须不会由于释放不想要的物质或通过改变味道或外观而损害内含物。这些抗性特征不仅影响产品的保存期限,而且还影响公众健康和安全。因此,对用于罐内部的涂料组合物有尤其严格和特定的要求,其不同于其它涂料的那些。
在某些应用中,还使用涂层结合盖子和容器体。例如,宠物食物可提供在具有薄、全长的铝盖的托盘中。盖子借助涂层,通常是交联的涂层,与托盘相连,所述涂层在施加热和压力后在盖子和托盘之间形成粘附结合或密封。通过简单的向后剥离柔韧的铝盖,从而破坏密封来获得内含物。密封的强度是非常重要的,因为其必须足够牢固以经受住生产和装填工艺,而又不能太牢固而使破坏密封变得困难。
在很多应用中,涂料以非常薄的膜施加以产生不超过10μm厚的干膜。在这样的情形中,涂料必须不含超过这一尺寸的颗粒物质。
常常使用聚合物分散体来配制涂料。不幸的是,分散体可能含有太大的颗粒而不适于在要求非常薄的膜的应用中使用。由这样的分散体获得的涂层是不平整的,其不仅产生粗糙的表面,还在特性例如粘附和保护特性方面产生问题。
当制备高分子量聚合物的含水分散体时,大颗粒的问题尤其困难。其原因是这样的高分子量聚合物具有高粘度,甚至在100℃的高温下。因此,它们难于破裂而形成前文中描述的对产生稳定的含水分散体而言必需的小尺寸颗粒。
然而,此类聚合物在涂敷食品和饮料金属容器中是非常有用的,但是已知此类聚合物的分散体仅为在有机溶剂中的分散体可得,或如果在含水介质中可得,则固含量非常低。当然,在此类有机溶剂中的分散体含有高水平的挥发性有机化合物(VOC),其通常被认为是环境不友好的。因此,对此类高粘度聚合物的小颗粒的含水分散体存在需求。
因此,在本发明的第一方面,提供用于生产含水聚合物分散体的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
i)提供第一和第二聚合物的混合物,当在100℃下测定时,聚合物各自具有在100s-1下大于30Pa.s的粘度,所述混合物包含
a)1-60重量份的在含水介质中不可溶混并且任选地包含反应性结构部分的第一聚合物和
b)40-99重量份的包含分散基团的第二聚合物,所述聚合物在含水介质中是可溶混的并且任选地还包含对第一聚合物上的所述结构部分呈反应性的结构部分
ii)在选定的温度下,在高剪切的条件下,在挤出机中使聚合物熔融以形成聚合物的紧密混合物
iii)任选地,在挤出机中在高剪切条件下使第一和第二聚合物的反应性结构部分彼此反应以形成反应的混合物
iv)在挤出机外部将步骤ii)或步骤iii)的熔融混合物骤冷以形成固体产物
v)任选地将固体产物破裂为更小的块
vi)使固体产物与含水介质接触
其中,含水介质溶解第二聚合物,但不溶解第一聚合物,以在第二聚合物的含水溶液中形成含有第一聚合物的微粒的分散体。
其中,第一和第二聚合物各自包含能够一起反应的结构部分,至少一部分第二聚合物与第一聚合物的颗粒共价结合。
在挤出机中实施的步骤不含任何载液。
特别有用的第一聚合物包括聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯;聚酰胺,包括 6、 6,6和 12;和聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯,和改性的聚烯烃,例如丙烯-马来酸酐聚合物,也被称为马来化聚丙烯;和丙烯-乙烯-马来酸酐聚合物;和乙烯乙酸乙烯酯聚合物;和乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯聚合物。此类聚合物的合适例子包括Evatane 28-150、Fusabond M613-05、Polybond3000、EVA 25-19、E-MA-GMA。纤维素乙酸丁酯聚合物例如Solus2100也被用作第一聚合物。
其它有用的第一聚合物包括天然存在的由某些细菌产生的聚羟基链烷酸酯(PHA’s)生物聚酯。这些PHA’s特别有意义,因为它们可基于要求可再生资源的可持续基质获得,即玉米糖浆,在它们的生产中作为原料,而非获自递减的化石资源例如原油和煤的烃。PHA’s还具有生物可降解的优点。合适的此类PHA’s包括聚羟基丁酸酯和共聚物例如聚羟基丁酸酯-戊酸酯。
本发明的含水分散体优选包括聚羟基链烷酸酯作为第一聚合物,更优 选地是聚羟基丁酸酯。
具有5-70%的结晶度的结晶或半结晶聚合物是优选的。
为简单起见,在本说明书通篇中,术语‘聚合物’的使用意在包括共聚物。
在罐涂敷应用中,优选的聚烯烃是聚丙烯,因为其高熔点允许灭菌。优选的聚丙烯聚合物具有30,000道尔顿至300,000道尔顿,更优选40,000-150,000道尔顿,甚至更优选45,000-130,000道尔顿,以及最优选45,000-100,000道尔顿的重均分子量(Mw)。低于约30,000道尔顿,该聚合物具有低的机械强度,并且形成的密封差,导致密封失败发生的风险增加。高于约300,000,由于高的熔体粘度,即使是在挤出机中盛行的非常高的剪切条件下,聚丙烯变得难于容易地加工。
聚丙烯聚合物优选带有足够的羧酸基团或羧酸酐基团以提供2-50mgKOH/g非挥发性聚合物,优选2-20mg KOH/g,以及最优选2-9mg KOH/g的酸值(AV)。包含所述酸官能团改进了在最终涂层中对金属的粘附,并且还增加第一聚合物和第二聚合物之间的反应能力—其中第二聚合物也包含合适的反应性结构部分。或者,聚丙烯可以含有其它反应基团例如,环氧乙烷—这样的聚合物的合适例子是甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯改性的聚丙烯;或羟基基团—这样的聚合物的合适例子是甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯改性的聚丙烯;或硅烷—这样的聚合物的合适例子是乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷改性的聚丙烯;或异氰酸酯—这样的聚合物的合适例子是乙烯基异氰酸酯改性的聚丙烯;或胺—这样的聚合物的合适例子是甲基丙烯酸2-(叔丁基氨基)乙基酯改性的聚丙烯。
第二聚合物可以是在含水介质中可自分散或可溶解的任意聚合物。例如,如果第二聚合物含有足够的酸性分散结构部分,则当将含水介质的pH增加至高于7时,该聚合物变得可溶。类似地,如果第二聚合物具有阳离子基团例如胺,则当pH低于7时,该聚合物变得水可溶/可分散。
第二聚合物的合适例子包括酸官能丙烯酸聚合物;酸官能聚乙烯以及苯乙烯的共聚物例如苯乙烯与马来酸酐或丙烯酸共聚。其它合适的第二聚 合物是具有高含量的羟基基团的那些,例如聚(甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯)。还合适的第二聚合物是聚丙烯腈和聚乙烯亚胺。
优选的是第二聚合物含有能够与第一聚合物上的任意反应性结构部分反应的反应性结构部分。可用于形成金属容器的保护涂层的聚合物是更优选的。合适的例子包括丙烯酸系树脂,特别是含有酸基的丙烯酸系树脂,例如Elvacite 2669;聚烯烃例如Primacor 59901;苯乙烯聚合物和其衍生物例如α-甲基苯乙烯与,例如含酸如(甲基)丙烯酸或产酸结构部分如马来酸酐的的聚合物。适合的此类聚合物包括可购自Cray Valley的SMA系列;聚酯,聚氨酯和纤维素。
共反应性结构部分的合适例子包括环氧(环氧乙烷)、羟基、胺、羧酸和异氰酸酯。羧酸和羟基是优选的,因为它们适于用在与食品和饮料接触的涂料中。
第二聚合物的反应性结构部分优选摩尔过量于第一聚合物上的反应性结构部分。当使反应性结构部分能够与外部的交联树脂反应时尤其如此。甚至更优选的是,第二聚合物摩尔过量于第一聚合物。
据认为,第一聚合物上的任意反应性结构部分中的至少一些与第二聚合物的任意反应性结构部分中的至少一些反应。例如,若第二聚合物中具有羟基(或胺)结构部分,其能与在第二聚合物上的羧酸结构部分反应形成具有酯(或酰胺)连接基的聚合物,并且该反应产物聚合物能够起到稳定颗粒的作用。当然,含有分散结构部分的第二聚合物是第一聚合物的分散剂,并且起到稳定分散体颗粒的作用。还认为,第一和第二聚合物之间的任意共反应起到将第二聚合物锚定至第一聚合物的作用,从而提高最终含水分散体的稳定性。
可在本发明中使用其它共反应性聚合物组合。合适的此类组合包括环氧-胺;环氧-酸;异氰酸酯-胺和异氰酸酯-羟基。
优选地,第一和第二聚合物包含反应性结构部分,其中在第一聚合物上的结构部分对在第二聚合物上的结构部分呈反应性,更优选地,反应性结构部分的至少一些已经被反应。在某些情形中,在聚合物之一上的所有 反应性结构部分都已被反应。
若在第二聚合物上的分散基团能够与在第一聚合物上的反应性结构部分反应,优选的是分散基团摩尔过量以保证第一聚合物的良好分散性。
第二聚合物可以是阴离子的或阳离子的。优选地,其是阴离子的,因为大部分涂料成分也是阴离子的。能够产生阴离子基团的合适结构部分包括(甲基)丙烯酸,有机酸和它们的酸酐,如马来酸和酸酐,衣康酸和酸酐以及琥珀酸和酸酐。优选地,第二聚合物的酸值(AV)为至少30mg KOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体,更优选30-300mg KOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体,甚至更优选50-300mg KOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体,以及最优选60-250mgKOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体。
基本的分散基团包括胺基团。
优选地,胺值为50-300,以及更优选60-250mg KOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体。
优选地,第一和第二聚合物的混合物包含2-60份的第一聚合物和40-98份的第二聚合物,更优选15-60份的第一聚合物和40-85份的第二聚合物,还更优选25-50份的第一聚合物和50-75份的第二聚合物,以及最优选30-40份的第一聚合物和60-70份的第二聚合物。
可以包括额外的聚合物。在本发明的另一方面,在步骤i)的混合物中包括第三聚合物。通常,选择此类聚合物以改进涂层特性如粘附性、滑动性或硬度或改进基于所得分散体的可热密封组合物的密封强度。
含水介质意味着水含有至多10wt%的有机溶剂,优选至多5wt%。合适的溶剂包括醇如丁醇,醚醇如丁氧基乙醇,酮如丙酮。优选地,含水介质不含任何挥发性有机溶剂,因为这使对大气的排放降至最小。更优选地,含水介质不含有机溶剂,并且最优选地,是水。
含水介质还可以含有中和剂以调节pH,以致于第二聚合物上的任意酸性或碱性结构部分的至少一些被中和。优选地,中和剂是碱。合适的碱包括氨;有机碱如胺,包括二甲基氨基乙醇和三乙胺;无机碱如碱金属氢氧化物,包括氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾。
在此上下文中的术语“可溶混的”的意思是,第二聚合物在含水介质中是可溶解的或部分可溶解的或自分散的,优选地是完全可溶解的。术语“不可溶混的”是指不可溶。
优选地,混合物在100-230℃下离开挤出机,更优选130-200℃,甚至更优选140-190℃,以及最优选150-180℃。
骤冷的意思是,冷却步骤ii)或步骤iii)的混合物的速率应当尽可能地高,优选至少50℃/分钟,更优选50-6000℃/分钟,甚至更优选75℃/分钟至6000℃/分钟,还更优选100℃/分钟至6000℃/分钟。这样高的冷却速率也被称为骤冷或淬火。
优选地,当混合物离开挤出机时,使用冷却液将其骤冷,更优选地,所述液体是水。若使用水作为冷却液时,最初水温(也就是说,在挤出物进入水中之前)应当尽可能的低以便尽可能快速地冷却该混合物。在水的情况中,最初温度优选为5-20℃,更优选10-17℃,甚至更优选12-17℃,以及最优选13-17℃。
冷却液必须不溶解第一聚合物,并且更优选地,其不溶解第一聚合物,也不溶解第二聚合物。
据认为,离开挤出机的熔融混合物包含在第二聚合物的液体基质中的第一聚合物的小滴或颗粒。优选地,小滴或颗粒在该方法的步骤ii)中形成。骤冷的行为防止小滴凝聚,可能是由于升高了第二聚合物的粘度并防止单独的小滴聚在一起。
冷却之后,具有挤出机出口模具的近似形状和尺寸的混合物固化。在下文中的实施例中,该混合物具有意大利式细面条(spaghetti)的尺寸。
优选地,在熔融共混温度,典型地160-210℃,和熔融共混剪切速率,典型地50-200s-1下测定的第一和第二聚合物的熔融粘度比为0.01:1至100:1,更优选地为0.1:1-10:1,以及最优选为0.3:1-3:1,因为这也有助于产生在含水分散体中更精细的颗粒。
在本发明的另一方面中,提供由本发明的方法制得的聚合物颗粒的分散体。
通常仅要求温和搅动在含水介质中的固体产物以形成分散体,但也可使用高速搅拌。如有必要,还可使用均化器如Silverson或超声型。
本发明的分散体的颗粒具有0.01-10μm,优选0.01-7μm,更优选0.01-0.5μm的平均粒度。
优选地,分散体不含添加的表面活性剂,因为在最终涂层中会由于它们的低分子量,典型地小于500道尔顿的低分子量而出现差的耐水性。
在本发明的再一方面中,提供包含本发明分散体的涂料组合物。在其中耐化学性和耐热性重要的应用中,如在罐的内部中的应用中,可任选地使用交联剂。可根据第一和第二聚合物之一或二者上的反应性结构部分来选择合适的交联树脂。优选地,选择它们与与第二聚合物的结构部分反应,因为第二聚合物可能更易于接近,因为其在包含分散体的微粒的外部。合适的交联树脂包括氨基树脂,如三聚氰胺甲醛树酯、脲醛树脂、酚醛树脂、苯胍胺树脂。
在其它涂料,如建筑涂料中,这样高的耐化学性和耐热性是不需要的,在这种情况中,热活化交联通常是不必要的。
在本发明的仍再一方面中,提供涂有本发明的涂料组合物的制品。优选地,涂层是交联的。
实施例
现将通过以下实施例说明本发明。
使用以下材料制备分散体。使用的挤出机是Leistritz micro 18GL 40D双螺杆挤出机。
第一聚合物(聚合物1)
Evatene 28-150是来自Arkema Inc.的乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
Fusabond M613-05是来自Dupont的马来酸酐改性的聚丙烯共聚物。
Polybond 3000是来自Chemtura Corporation的丙烯酸改性的聚丙烯共聚物。
Solus 2100是来自Eastman Chemical Company的丁基乙酸纤维素酯树脂。
EVA 25-19是乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯单体的共聚物,其中乙酸乙烯酯含量为25%,熔融指数为19g/10分钟,并且其可购自Sigma Aldrich。
E-MA-GMA是乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚物,其中MA含量为25%,GMA含量为8%。其具有6g/10分钟的熔融指数,并且其可购自Sigma Aldrich。
Nylon 6是可购自Sigma Aldrich的半结晶聚酰胺。
Biomer P209是聚羟基链烷酸酯生物聚酯,其在180°C的熔融流动指数为10,和具有1.20g/cm3的密度,并且其可购自Biomer,Forst-Kasten-Str.15D-82152Krailling,Germany。
Biomer P226是来自Biomer的聚羟基链烷酸酯生物聚酯,其熔融流动指数为10(5kg)和密度为1.25g/cm3。
第二聚合物(聚合物2)
Elvacite 2669:羧酸官能甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物,其特性粘度为0.32,Tg为70℃,和酸值为124,并且其可购自Lucite International。
Primacor 59901是乙烯和20%丙烯酸的共聚物,其熔融流动指数为1300(190°C/2.16kg),其可购自Dow Chemicals。
SMA 1是苯乙烯和马来酸酐的共聚物(苯乙烯:马来酸酐3:1,并且平均分子量,Mn约为1900道尔顿),其可购自Sigma-Aldrich,UK.。
SMA 2是苯乙烯和马来酸酐的共聚物(苯乙烯:马来酸酐1.3:1并且平均分子量,Mn约为1600道尔顿),其可购自Sigma-Aldrich,UK.。
楔形物弯曲柔韧性测试
用测试涂料涂敷10×4cm的金属板并烘干。纵向弯曲该板,使涂层面朝外围绕5mm直径的圆柱形心轴以形成U形。将其保持在基板上,基板的一端高于另一端,并且将2.4kg的砝码从65cm的高度落在其上。这产生 具有沿着其长度变化的曲率半径的板。然后将该板浸入酸化的硫酸铜溶液中1分钟,该时间之后,将其移开并用水冲洗。铜被沉积在涂层已损坏的金属处。通过测量未受影响的涂层的长度来评价涂层的性能,以总长度的百分数来表示。
实施例
分散体制备
将如在表1-4中所示的不同重量比的聚合物1和聚合物2混合在一起。这些固体的混合物被进料入挤出机的进料口。下表中给出了进料速率和工艺条件。在离开挤出机之后,将约500g熔融的挤出物收集在4升15°C的冷水中并使其固化。水温升至22℃。打破固体挤出物,并使用以下方法(除非表中另外指出)将其转化为分散体。
将固体挤出物(3份),水(27份),和25%氨溶液(2份)置于有盖的玻璃罐内。将该罐置于70℃的超声水浴中,并使其超声处理90分钟。通过平纹细布过滤该罐的内含物并使用Malvern Mastersizer S设备分析过滤的产物以确定得到的聚合物分散体的平均粒度。
实施例1-4和7A的聚合物1和2未共反应,而在其余实施例中,聚合物含有对彼此呈反应性的结构部分。
表1
2.作为涂层的分散体的评估
将分散体实施例1-3和Elvacite 2669的10wt%水溶液(应用K-Bar 36号)施涂至铝和不含锡的钢板上,以得到约4μm大小的干膜。在烘箱中将这些板暴露于加热(200℃,2分钟)。然后对涂层进行如之前描述的楔形物弯曲测试,以评估涂层的柔韧性。表A中给出了测试涂层的通过百分数。
表A
上表显示了从本发明分散体得到的涂层的经改进的柔韧性益处。
其他实施例
表2显示了根据上述方法,应用如表中所示的不同加工条件和不同共聚物制备的分散体的数据。
表2
组合物7A和7B显示出两种不可溶混聚合物之间共反应的影响。在组合物7B中,E-MA-GMA共聚物中的环氧乙烷官能团能够部分地与Elvacite 2669中发现的羧酸基团反应,并且这导致形成了更精细的聚合物颗粒。然而,在组合物7A中,不存在共反应,因为不存在反应性基团,
并且出人意料地获得了更大的聚合物颗粒。
实施例
涂层评估
根据上述方法通过施涂至铝板上评估了作为涂层的分散体7A、7B、8-10。
表B
涂层 | %,在铝上的楔形物弯曲通过 |
实施例7A | 40 |
实施例7B | 70 |
实施例8 | 60 |
实施例9 | 70 |
实施例10 | 70 |
聚合物通过反应性结构部分的共反应的优点是清楚的。
骤冷
实施例11和12,以及对比实施例11C和12C说明了骤冷的重要性。制备这些样品的方法如之前概述的那样,加工温度上的差异如下表3所示。对于骤冷样品,如之前概述的那样通过收集在具有4升15℃水的金属容器中收集产物。对于对比样品11C和12C,将产物收集至室温下的空气中。
表3中的结果表明,在骤冷的情况下,平均粒度更小,并且分散体中的最大尺寸也显著地减小。
表3
实施例11是实施例7b的重复。
实施例12&12C使用与实施例2相同的聚合物,但应用不同的挤出机条件制备。
实施例13-18
通过挤出机,应用以下所示的条件加工聚羟基链烷酸酯生物聚合物(P209或P216)和苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA 1或SMA2)的混合物,并如所示的那样在挤出机出口处骤冷或未骤冷。表4概述了应用聚羟基链烷酸酯生物聚合物作为聚合物1以及不同等级的苯乙烯-马来酸酐作为聚合物2的粒度数据。
实施例13-18全部在挤出机螺杆速度200rpm、挤出熔融温度200℃、熔融共混温度170℃以及混合物出口温度170℃下进行加工。
应用以下步骤制得分散体:
将挤出物或固体产物(100份)、水(300份)和氢氧化钠溶液(5份25%水溶液)置于玻璃烧杯中。借助Silverson High Speed Homogeniser在8000rpm使内含物经历高剪切条件30分钟。使烧杯在冰浴当中,以保持20-30℃的温度。使得到的产物过滤通过平纹细布,并应用Malvern Mastersizer S仪器分析滤出产物,以确定所得聚合物分散体的平均粒度。
表4
PHA和SMA通过酸解和酯交换共反应。
如之前的实施例所示,骤冷产物产生了更精细的PHA颗粒。
应用块铺展器将实施例13(骤冷的)施涂至玻璃板上,以得到约100微米的湿膜厚度。使该膜在环境温度下干燥3天。得到的膜外表白色,并且光滑。用Erichsen Hardness Pendulum测试器对该膜进行测试,得到140秒的硬度值。
Claims (20)
1.聚合物颗粒的分散体,其通过用于生产含水聚合物分散体的方法制得,所述方法包括以下步骤:
i)提供第一和第二聚合物的混合物,当在100℃下测定时,聚合物各自具有在100s-1下大于30Pa.s的粘度,所述混合物包含
a)2-60重量份的在含水介质中不可溶混并且任选地包含反应性结构部分的第一聚合物,和
b)40-98重量份的包含分散基团的第二聚合物,该聚合物在含水介质中是可溶混的并且任选地还包含对第一聚合物上的所述结构部分呈反应性的结构部分
ii)在选定的温度下,在高剪切的条件下,在挤出机中使聚合物熔融以形成聚合物的紧密混合物
iii)任选地,在挤出机中在高剪切条件下,使第一和第二聚合物的反应性结构部分彼此反应以形成反应的混合物
iv)在挤出机外部将步骤ii)或步骤iii)的熔融混合物骤冷以形成固体产物
v)任选地将固体产物破裂为更小的块
vi)使固体产物与含水介质接触
其中,含水介质溶解第二聚合物,但不溶解第一聚合物,以在第二聚合物的含水溶液中形成含有第一聚合物的微粒的分散体,
所述第一聚合物是聚丙烯或聚丙烯的共聚物,且第二聚合物是具有至少30mg KOH/g聚合物的酸值的丙烯酸酯聚合物或甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物;
或者所述第一聚合物是聚羟基链烷酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分散体,其中所述第一和第二聚合物包含反应性结构部分,其中第一聚合物上的结构部分对第二聚合物上的结构部分呈反应性。
3.根据权利要求2的分散体,其中所述反应性结构部分的至少一些已被反应。
4.根据权利要求3所述的分散体,其中所有反应性结构部分都已被反应。
5.根据前述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的分散体,其中步骤iv)的骤冷通过将熔融的混合物从挤出机的出口挤入冷却液中来实施。
6.根据权利要求5所述的分散体,其中所述冷却液是水。
7.根据前述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的分散体,其中步骤iv)中冷却反应混合物的速率为至少50℃/分钟。
8.根据前述权利要求5所述的分散体,其中步骤iv)中冷却反应混合物的速率为至少50℃/分钟。
9.根据前述权利要求6所述的分散体,其中步骤iv)中冷却反应混合物的速率为至少50℃/分钟。
10.根据前述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的分散体,其中第二聚合物具有的酸值为至少30mg KOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体。
11.根据前述权利要求5所述的分散体,其中第二聚合物具有的酸值为至少30mg KOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体。
12.根据前述权利要求6所述的分散体,其中第二聚合物具有的酸值为至少30mg KOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体。
13.根据前述权利要求7所述的分散体,其中第二聚合物具有的酸值为至少30mg KOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体。
14.根据前述权利要求8所述的分散体,其中第二聚合物具有的酸值为至少30mg KOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体。
15.根据前述权利要求9所述的分散体,其中第二聚合物具有的酸值为至少30mg KOH/g非挥发性聚合物固体。
16.根据权利要求1所述的分散体,其中所述第一聚合物是聚羟基链烷酸酯且所述第二聚合物是苯乙烯-马来酸酐。
17.根据权利要求1所述的分散体,其中所述分散体不含有机液体。
18.含有权利要求1-17任一项所述的分散体的涂料组合物。
19.根据权利要求18所述的涂料组合物,其还含有交联剂。
20.涂有根据权利要求18或19所述的涂料组合物的制品。
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US20150203615A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-23 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Alkali metal-zinc ionomer compositions |
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