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CN102639317B - 具有阻止特征的夹层结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents

具有阻止特征的夹层结构及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102639317B
CN102639317B CN201080054942.8A CN201080054942A CN102639317B CN 102639317 B CN102639317 B CN 102639317B CN 201080054942 A CN201080054942 A CN 201080054942A CN 102639317 B CN102639317 B CN 102639317B
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China
Prior art keywords
core
sections
composite
joint
compound coating
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CN102639317A (zh
Inventor
C·R·沙法
J·H·福格蒂
H·顾
T·D·理查森
K·M·雷斯
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Boeing Co
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Boeing Co
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    • B32B3/02Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/06Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support, or to another product, e.g. groove/tongue, interlocking
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    • B23B3/04Turning-machines in which the workpiece is rotated by means at a distance from the headstock
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

复合夹层结构包括被夹在复合层压面板之间的核芯。核芯包括在接头处被拼接在一起的多个核芯节段,所述接头包括整体式部件以阻止不规则性在面板内的传播。

Description

具有阻止特征的夹层结构及其制造方法
技术领域
本公开大体涉及复合结构,并且更具体地涉及具有分段式核芯和整体式阻止特征/阻止部件(arrestment feature)的复合夹层结构。
背景技术
各种应用中使用的一种复合结构类型包括被夹在一对复合面板之间的核芯,有时这也被称为夹层结构。当核芯包括多个核芯部分/元件(例如被连结在一起的多核芯节段)时,结构可以被称为“核芯覆层/核心块”。这些结构中的核芯可以由各种材料中的任意材料形成,所述材料包括但不限于蜂窝型、泡沫型和轻木(balsa)材料,这里仅列出一些。面板可以由纤维增强树脂构成的多个层压层板形成。
有时在这些夹层结构的面板的局部区域内存在不一致。例如,面板可以包含空隙、凹坑或多孔,这些缺陷可以产生于制造面板时或者之后在夹层结构的使用寿命期间。例如,物体冲击面板会导致在面板的一个或更多个层板中产生局部分离/脱粘(disbond)或裂纹。除非被阻止,否则分离或裂纹会扩散或传播到局部冲击区域之外的区域。
该问题的一种解决方案是包括在夹层内的子结构以便限制不一致的传播,不过子结构的制造和组装相对昂贵,并且会给夹层结构增加额外重量。此外,公知的子结构解决方案具体地被设计成限制分离或裂纹中一者的传播,而不能限制两者。可能的是结合多个子结构设计以便阻止分离和裂纹二者的传播,不过使用多个子结构会导致整体复合结构设计超过目标重量规格。该问题的另一种解决方案是限制施加于夹层结构的操作应变,并且对于整个结构进行周期性视觉检查,不过这种方法在一些如下应用中是不实际的,即当不能限制和/或预测施加于夹层结构的操作应变时。
因此,需要一种夹层结构,其具有轻质且耐用的核芯,从而能够减少或阻止在结构中会产生的不规则性的传播(例如由于物体冲击所导致的)。
发明内容
根据公开实施例,夹层结构包括轻质分段式核芯,其可以减少或阻止例如由于使用期间在面板上的物体冲击所导致的产生于结构内的不规则性的传播。该结构包括阻止部件,该阻止部件可以容易地且便宜地沿接头整合到核芯内,其中核芯节段沿所述接头拼接在一起。除了阻止不一致性的传播之外,阻止部件还可以改进核芯的强度,并且改进其断裂和结构韧性以及夹层结构的整体承重能力。
根据一种公开实施例,提供一种包括核芯的复合夹层结构,该核芯包括被夹在面板之间的多个核芯节段。阻止构件被设置在核芯和每个面板之间以便阻止面板内不一致性的传播。阻止构件可以包括覆盖核芯节段的边缘的复合包覆物,其包括被夹在核芯和每个面板之间的一部分。阻止构件还可以包括叠覆于于核芯节段之间的接头的复合带以及沿接头连结包覆物的粘结层。
根据另一个公开实施例,具有整体式阻止物的复合夹层结构包括被夹在第一和第二多层复合面板之间且连结于此的分段式核芯。核芯包括多个核芯节段,所述多个核芯节段沿其公共边缘之间的接头被拼接在一起。夹层结构还包括复合包覆物(wraps)和复合带。包覆物沿接头覆盖每个核芯节段的边缘并且可以具有C形横截面。相邻核芯节段上的包覆物沿每个接头形成背靠背的C形。复合带相应地覆盖接头并且被夹在每个包覆物和一个面板之间。每个包覆物可以覆盖一个核芯节段的三个相邻侧面。相邻包覆物可以经粘结层被连结在一起。包覆物和带可以包括纤维增强树脂。
根据另一个实施例,提供制造复合夹层结构的方法。方法包括通过形成在多个核芯节段之间的接头来生成核芯,并且将该核芯夹在第一和第二面板之间,这包括将核芯连结到每个面板。方法还包括在核芯和至少一个面板之间沿每个接头形成阻止部件。形成阻止部件可以包括将复合包覆物沿每个接头放置在每个核芯节段上。形成阻止部件还可以包括将复合带放置在包覆物和至少一个面板之间。
总而言之,根据本发明的一个方面,提供具有整体式阻止物的复合夹层结构,其包括第一和第二多层复合面板;夹在所述第一和第二面板之间且连结于此的分段式核芯,该核芯包括多个核芯节段,所述多个核芯节段沿其公共边缘之间的接头被拼接在一起;以及在所述第一和第二面板之间的阻止部件,该阻止部件沿所述接头延伸用于阻止不一致性在所述结构内的传播。
有利地,该复合夹层结构中该阻止部件包括沿所述接头覆盖每个所述核芯节段的边缘的复合包覆物,相邻核芯节段的包覆物沿每个所述接头形成背靠背的C形横截面,以及分别覆盖接头且夹在每个所述包覆物和所述第一和第二面板之一之间的复合带。
有利地,该复合夹层结构还包括粘结地将所述包覆物连结在每个所述接头的每侧上的粘结层。
有利地,该复合夹层结构中:每个所述包覆物和所述带均是纤维增强树脂。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种复合夹层结构,其包括第一和第二多层复合面板;包括被夹在所述第一和第二面板之间的多个核芯节段的核芯;以及将所述核芯节段沿其边缘连接在一起的接头,每个所述接头均包括分别围绕相邻核芯节段的边缘的一对复合包覆物以及分别接合所述第一和第二面板的一对复合带。
有利地,该复合夹层结构中:每个所述包覆物均叠覆于一个所述核芯节段的三个侧面中每一个的至少一部分,以及每个所述包覆物的至少一部分均陷入对应核芯节段内。
有利地,该复合夹层结构中:每个所述包覆物的部分接合所述第一和第二面板。
有利地,该复合夹层结构中:所述包覆物沿每个所述接头被背靠背设置。
有利地,该复合夹层结构中:每个所述带被置于所述包覆物和所述第一和第二面板之一之间。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供制造用于飞机的复合夹层结构的方法,包括提供多个核芯节段;使用纤维增强复合树脂包覆物沿所述核芯节段的边缘包覆每个所述核芯节段的三个侧面;将被包覆核芯组装成核芯,其包括通过以边缘相对的关系设置所述核芯节段且将所述包覆物邻抵在所述核芯节段中的相邻核芯节段上从而在所述核芯节段之间形成接头;沿每个所述接头在所述包覆物之间引入粘结层;形成多个复合撕开带;将一个所述撕开带沿每个所述接头放置在所述包覆物之上;组装所述结构,包括将所述核芯、所述包覆物和所述撕开带夹在第一和第二面板之间;和固化被组装结构。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供用于飞机的复合夹层结构,包括:一对多层复合面板;被夹在所述面板之间且连结于此的核芯,该核芯包括多个核芯节段,所述多个核芯节段在沿其相应边缘的接头处被拼接在一起,每个所述核芯节段均包括在其相反面上的凹陷;纤维增强树脂复合包覆物,其沿所述节段的边缘围绕每个所述核芯节段的三个侧面包覆,每个所述包覆物均具有基本C形横截面并且其中所述包覆物沿每个所述接头背靠背设置;在每个所述接头处在所述包覆物之间的粘结层,以及沿每个所述接头被夹在所述包覆物和所述面板之间的纤维增强树脂复合撕开带,每个所述包覆物的一部分延伸超过所述撕开带并且被夹在所述核芯和一个所述面板之间,其中所述包覆物和所述带被置于所述核芯节段的所述凹陷内。
公开实施例满足了复合夹层结构及其生产方法的需要,其可以克服现有夹层结构的缺陷且同时提供呈现改良强度的分段式核芯,其包括会限制面板内不规则性的传播的阻止部件。
附图说明
图1是具有整体式阻止部件的复合夹层结构的功能框图的图示。
图2是具有分段式核芯和整体式阻止部件的夹层结构的立体图的图示。
图3是沿图2中线3-3截取的截面图的图示。
图4是图3中标明为“A”的区域的图示。
图5是示出生产具有整体式阻止部件的夹层结构的方法的步骤的流程图的图示。
图6A-6F是用于解释生产图1-4所示夹层结构的方法的图示。
图7是已经形成的凹陷的一个核芯节段的边缘的截面的图示。
图8是示出生产夹层结构的替代性方法的分解截面图的图示。
图9是示出阻止部件的替代性形式的夹层结构的一部分的截面的图示。
图10是类似于图9但示出了阻止部件的另一个实施例的图示。
图11是飞机生产和服役方法的流程图的图示。
图12是飞机的框图的图示。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1和图2,公开实施例涉及复合夹层结构20,其包括被夹在第一和第二面板24、26之间且固定于此的分段式核芯22。核芯22包括沿其公共边缘37被拼接在一起以形成接头30的多个核芯节段28。在所示示例中,接头30基本正交延伸,不过其他几何构造也是可能的。同样,虽然夹层结构20被示为基本平坦的,但是其可以包括弯曲和各种轮廓(未示出)以适于具体应用。
夹层结构20包括沿接头30的阻止部件25,该阻止部件25被置于核芯节段28的两个相邻节段之间且被置于面板24、26之间。如下文中更具体描述的,阻止部件25可以用于阻止夹层结构20中的一个或更多个局部不一致性(未示出)的传播,该不一致性例如是由于例如但不限于物体(未示出)冲击一个面板26的外表面26a所导致的在任一面板24、26内产生的分离或裂纹。如这里所用的,“不一致区域”、“不一致”和“不一致性”指的是可能处于设计容差之外的在复合夹层20内的局部区域。不一致性可以包括例如但不限于空隙、凹坑、裂纹或多孔,这可以是在制造复合夹层结构20的同时或之后在夹层结构20的使用期间产生的。此外,阻止部件25可以为核芯22提供额外的强度并且/或者形成穿过夹层结构20的替代性负载路径。
现在同样参考图3和图4,阻止部件25可以包括一对复合包覆物32、一对复合撕开带34和在相邻包覆物32之间的粘结层36。每个包覆物32均是大体C形横截面并且包括沿着每个核芯节段28的外边缘37分别覆盖该核芯节段28的三个侧面33的三个分支32a、32b和32c。根据应用,包覆物32可以具有除C形之外的横截面形状。C形包覆物32被设置成背靠背关系并且经由基本延伸通过核芯22的完整厚度的粘结层36被连结在一起。在所示示例中,每个核芯节段28均包括在其外面33a中的凹陷35。每个包覆物32的分支32b、32c均被装纳在凹陷35a内以致面板24、26基本平坦置于核芯节段28的外面33a上。
在图4中最佳看出,每个分支32b、32c均包括向外渐缩或倾斜段40以及与对应面板24、26基本平行延伸且接合于对应面板24、26的外端42。分支32b、32c的外端42被夹在核芯节段28和面板24、26之一之间,其中每个面板24、26均包括多个层压复合层板38。
复合撕开带34沿接头30延伸并且被夹在面板24、26之一和包覆物32的分支32b、32c之间。如图4最佳示出的,每个带34均位于一个凹陷35内以允许面板24、26基本平坦放置。如下文所讨论的,在其他实施例中,核芯节段28可以不具有凹陷35,在此情况下面板24、26会包括稍凸起区域(未示出),即面板24、26覆盖包覆物32和带34处。撕开带34可以用于阻止结构20内如裂纹的不规则性沿结构20的厚度方向传播。
包覆物32和撕开带34均可以包括复合层压板,例如但不限于可以是单向条带形式的纤维玻璃增强的环氧树脂。带34可以包括符合包覆物32的渐缩段40的层板减少部件34a。每个包覆物32的外端42延伸超过每个带34的外边缘34b一个距离“D”,以致每个包覆物32的端部42被直接连结到一个面板24、26的最内层板38a。包覆物端部32的延伸超过撕开带34可以有助于沿所需路径引导可能分离的传播,这导致了阻止作用。
从上文中,能够意识到包覆物32和带34均被直接固定到面板24,并且核芯节段28通过包覆物32和带34被固定到面板24。此外,如图3最佳示出的,相邻核芯节段28通过连结相邻包覆物32的粘结层36以及通过在相邻包覆物32之间延伸且连结于此的带34被拼接在一起。
现在参考图5和图6A-6F,其示出了制造如图1-4所示的复合夹层结构的步骤。开始于步骤44(图5),提供所需数量的核芯节段28,每个所述核芯节段28均可以包括如上所述的各种材料和构造中的任意材料和构造,包括但不限于蜂窝型、泡沫型和轻木以及这些和其他材料的组合。在步骤46,每个核芯节段28的周边边缘37(图3和图4)均根据需要被机加工以便形成在核芯节段28内的凹陷35。
之后,如图5中的步骤48和图6A所示,粘结层62被可选地施加于每个核芯节段28的外侧面33以便有助于在后续处理步骤中保持包覆物32就位。在步骤50(图5),复合材料条64(图6A)被折叠于每个核芯节段28的外边缘37上,以便覆盖核芯节段28的三个侧面33,如图6C所示。如前所述,粘结层62可以有助于在后续处理步骤期间将包覆物32保持在其覆盖所有三个侧面33的折叠状态。
之后,如图5中的步骤52所示,适当粘结层36被施加于核芯节段28的被包覆边缘37,并且具体地施加于每个包覆物32的分支32a。在步骤54,通过将核芯节段38的边缘37彼此对接,核芯节段28被组装以形成图2所示构造。图6D和图6E示出了步骤52完成之后的被包覆核芯节段28。这里应该注意到,因为包覆物32和带34被整合到处于未固化状态的核芯22内,所以可以根据需要在固化成弯曲或波状形零件之前形成组装结构20。
之后,如图5中的步骤56所示,带34被放置在邻接的带32上,从而叠覆于接头30,如图6F所示。在图5中的步骤58处,面板24、26被施加于组装核芯节段28上,这同样示于图6F。最终,在图5中的步骤60处,组装夹层结构20的构成零件可以被共同固化以形成整体式结构。上述生产过程,具体地是组装过程,可以通过手工劳动来实现或者可以通过机器(未示出)被部分或完全地自动化实现。
在图6A-6F所示实施例中,没有在核芯节段28内形成凹陷35。因此,在这种实施例中,面板24、26在接头30的区域内会稍稍凸起。不过如上所述且如图7所示,通过沿外边缘37机加工核芯节段28的外面33a到达深度“d”,可以在核芯节段28内形成凹陷35以便容纳包覆物32和带34的总厚度,其中“d”基本等于带34和包覆物32的分支32b的总厚度(参见图4)。
图8示出了与上述类似的夹层结构20,不过其可以由公开方法的替代性实施例来制成。在这种实施例中,阻止部件25包括一对包覆物32、一对带34和粘结层36,其在核芯节段28和面板24、26组装之前被预组装。在这种实施例中,阻止部件25具有与上述阻止部件25类似的横截面形状,且可以通过使用预浸渍料被预组装成未固化层板。之后当核芯节段28正被组装成核芯22时,预组装部件25可以被安装在核芯节段28之间。组装成核芯22之后,面板24、25可以被应用于核芯22,并且之后可以固化组装结构20。在其他实施例中,根据应用,阻止部件24可以被预固化,在此情况下其可以被连结到核芯节段28和面板24、26且粘结剂随着核芯节段28和面板24、26一同固化。
在一些实施例中,可以不必要使用包覆物32和带34二者。例如,如图9所示,在夹层结构20a的替代性实施例中,可能的是通过使用被夹在核芯节段28和面板24、26之间叠覆于接头30的撕开带34来实现适度阻止。在这种示例中,带34陷入核芯节段28内,并且粘结层36沿接头30连结邻接的核芯节段28。
图10示出了夹层结构20b的另一个实施例,其中可以通过使用由粘结层36连结在一起的包覆物32来实现所需阻止。在这种示例中,相邻核芯节段28通过包覆物32和粘结剂36被连结在一起,而包覆物32的外分支32b、32c的总长度被连结到面板24、26。背靠背的包覆物32形成核芯22的整体式部分,其既强化了接头30又形成了核芯22和面板24、26之间的周期性加固,这会有助于减少面板24、26内例如分离的不一致性的传播。
公开的实施例可以有用于各种可能应用,具体地用于运输工业,例如航空航天、航海和机动车辆的应用。因此,现在参考图11和图12,公开的实施例可以用于图11所示的飞机制造和服役方法68以及图12所示的飞机70的背景中。在预生产期间,示例性方法68可以包括飞机70的规格和设计72与材料采购74,在此期间可以针对飞机70中的使用来定制所公开的夹层结构20。在生产期间,飞机70的部件和子组件制造76与系统整合78。在过程76、78期间可以使用所公开的方法来制造和组装包括所公开夹层结构20的部件。然后,飞机70可以进行认证和交付80,以便进行服役82。当由顾客使用时,飞机70定期例行维护和维修84(这可以包括修改、重组、翻新和其他维护或维修)。作为维护和维修84的一部分,所公开方法可以用于生产被安装在飞机上的夹层结构。
飞机制造和服役方法68的每个过程都可以由系统综合供应商、第三方和/或操作者(例如客户)来执行或实施。为了描述的目的,系统综合供应商可以包括但不限于任意数量的飞机制造商和主系统转包商;第三方可以包括但不限于任意数量的卖主、转包商和供应商;以及操作者可以是航空公司、租赁公司、军事机构、服务组织等。
如图12所示,由示例性方法68生产的飞机70可以包括具有多个系统94和内部90的机身86。高级系统94的示例包括一个或多个推进系统92、电气系统94、液压系统96和环境系统98。可以包括许多其他系统。尽管示出了航空航天示例,不过本发明的原理可以适用于其他领域,例如汽车领域。
在生产和服役方法68的任意一个或更多个阶段可以使用这里具体化的系统和方法。例如,可以以类似于当飞机70服役时生产部件或子组件的方式制作或制造对应于生产过程76的部件或子组件。同样,一个或更多个公开实施例可用于生产阶段76和78中,例如,通过极大加速飞机70的组装或减少其成本。类似地,一个或更多个实施例或其组合可在飞机70服役时被使用,例如但不限于维护和维修184。
虽然已经关于某些示例性实施例描述了本公开的实施例,但应当明白,具体实施例是为了说明而不是限制的目的,因为本领域技术人员将想到其他变体。

Claims (7)

1.复合夹层结构,包括:
第一和第二复合层压面板;
核芯,该核芯包括被夹在所述第一和第二复合层压面板之间的多个核芯节段,所述核芯节段沿其相应边缘之间的接头被拼接在一起;
阻止构件,其在所述核芯与每个所述第一和第二复合层压面板之间以便阻止在所述结构内不一致性的传播,所述阻止构件还包括复合包覆物和复合带,该复合带叠覆于每个所述接头并被夹在所述复合包覆物中的相邻复合包覆物与所述第一和第二复合层压面板中的一个之间,所述复合包覆物覆盖每个所述核芯节段的边缘并且包括被夹在所述核芯与每个所述第一和第二复合层压面板之间的一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合夹层结构,其中每个所述复合包覆物均是C形横截面并且覆盖一个所述核芯节段的三个侧面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合夹层结构,其中所述复合包覆物在所述接头处覆盖每个所述核芯节段的边缘。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的复合夹层结构,其中所述阻止构件包括在所述接头处连结所述复合包覆物的粘结层。
5.一种制造复合夹层结构的方法,包括:
通过在多个核芯节段之间形成接头来生成核芯;
将所述核芯夹在第一和第二面板之间,这包括将所述核芯连结到每个所述第一和第二面板;以及
在所述第一和第二面板中的至少一个与所述核芯之间沿每个所述接头形成阻止部件,其中形成所述阻止部件包括将复合带放置在复合包覆物与所述第一和第二面板中的所述至少一个之间,形成所述阻止部件包括将复合包覆物沿每个所述接头放置在每个所述核芯节段上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中将所述复合包覆物沿每个所述接头放置在每个所述核芯节段上包括在每个所述核芯节段的三个侧面中的每个的至少部分之上形成所述复合包覆物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中形成阻止部件包括在所述核芯节段中的相邻核芯节段上的所述复合包覆物之间施加粘结层。
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