CN102639316B - 利用射频能量制造剂型的机器 - Google Patents
利用射频能量制造剂型的机器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102639316B CN102639316B CN201080053914.4A CN201080053914A CN102639316B CN 102639316 B CN102639316 B CN 102639316B CN 201080053914 A CN201080053914 A CN 201080053914A CN 102639316 B CN102639316 B CN 102639316B
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Abstract
本发明描述了用于制备固体剂型的机器,所述机器包括:(a)具有一个或多个成形腔的冲模台板,每个成形腔都具有内壁、位于所述冲模台板一侧表面上的第一开口,以及位于所述冲模台板相对侧表面上的第二开口;(b)一个或多个第一成形工具,每个第一成形工具都适于穿过所述成形腔的所述第一开口移动进入所述成形腔中的一者;(c)一个或多个第二成形工具,每个第二成形工具都适于移动邻近所述第二开口中的一者或穿过所述成形腔的所述第二开口移动进入所述成形腔中的一者;(d)至少一个第一RF电极,其可操作地关联所述一个或多个第一成形工具、所述一个或多个第二成形工具或所述一个或多个成形腔的所述内壁;以及(e)至少一个第二RF电极,其可操作地关联所述一个或多个第一成形工具。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2009年9月24日提交的系列号为61/245,315的美国临时专利申请、2009年10月28日提交的系列号为61/255,582的美国临时专利申请、2010年3月17日提交的系列号为61/314,629的美国临时专利申请、2010年6月24日提交的系列号为61/358,167的美国临时专利申请的优先权。藉此将上述相关美国专利申请的全部公开内容以引用的方式全文并入本文用于所有目的。
背景技术
预期用于口服的药物制剂通常以片剂形式提供。片剂可整片吞咽、在口中咀嚼或在口腔中崩解。在提供用于整片吞咽的片剂是不可行的情况下,在药剂施用时通常采用在口中咀嚼或溶解的软片剂。对于可咀嚼片剂,咀嚼作用有助于在片剂崩解时使药片粒子破碎,并且可提高消化道吸收速率。在希望使药物活性剂在口中或咽喉中局部可用用于局部效果和/或全身性吸收的情况中,软片剂也是有利的。软片剂还用于在儿科和老年人患者中改善药物施用。设计用于在吞咽之前在口中崩解的软片剂特别可用于改善儿科患者的依从性。
一般来讲,软片剂通过压实粉末状成分的共混物制备并且通常包含药物活性剂、调味剂和/或粘合剂。通常将粉末共混物送料进压片机的冲模腔中,通过施加压力形成片剂。所得片剂的硬度与所用压实压力和配方中成分的相容性直接相关。更易于咬断的更软的片剂可通过采用减小的压实压力来制备。所得的片剂较软,但也更脆弱、易脆且易于脆裂,并且不利的是可涉及复杂的且不经济的加工步骤。设计为在不咀嚼的情况下在口中崩解的软片剂的例子在美国专利No.5,464,632、No.5,223,264、No.5,178,878、No.6,589,554和No.6,224,905中公开。
对利用通常用于产生高密度可吞咽硬片剂的压制型制片机的、美学上令人愉悦的可咀嚼和口腔崩解的片剂存在需要。当以低压缩力使用时,这些机器通常产生高度易碎的片剂,这种片剂在包装、运输和储存过程中不足够稳定。本发明涉及发现使用射频能量(“RF能量”)制备片剂,如可咀嚼的或口腔崩解性的片剂的机器和方法。
发明内容
在一个方面,本发明描述了用于制备固体剂型(如片剂)的机器,该机器包括:(a)具有一个或多个成形腔的冲模台板,每个成形腔都具有内壁、位于所述冲模台板一侧表面上的第一开口,以及位于所述冲模台板相对侧表面上的第二开口;(b)一个或多个第一成形工具,每个第一成形工具都适于穿过所述成形腔的所述第一开口移动进入所述成形腔中的一者;(c)一个或多个第二成形工具,每个第二成形工具都适于移动邻近所述第二开口中的一者或穿过所述成形腔的所述第二开口移动进入所述成形腔中的一者;(d)至少一个第一RF电极,其可操作地关联所述一个或多个第一成形工具、所述一个或多个第二成形工具或所述一个或多个成形腔的所述内壁;以及(e)至少一个第二RF电极,其可操作地关联所述一个或多个第一成形工具、所述一个或多个第二成形工具或所述一个或多个成形腔的所述内壁;其中所述机器适于在成形腔内于第一成形工具和第二成形工具之间形成剂型,并且其中所述第一RF电极和所述第二RF电极布置在所述机器内使得当在所述第一RF电极和所述第二RF电极之间传导RF能量时,所述RF能量通过所述成形腔内适于形成剂型的部分。固体剂型的例子包括片剂(例如可吞咽片剂、可咀嚼片剂和口腔崩解片剂)、口胶剂和锭剂。
本发明还描述了通过如下使用这种机器制备剂型的方法:(a)添加粉末共混物至成形腔;(b)使第一成形工具移动穿过成形腔的第一开口进入成形腔,使得粉末共混物在成形腔内于第一成形工具和第二成形工具之间成形为剂型坯;(c)在第一电极和第二电极之间传导RF能量,使得该能量加热成形腔内的粉末共混物而形成剂型;以及(d)从所述成形腔内移出所述剂型。
通过本发明的具体实施方式和权利要求书,本发明的其他特征和优点将显而易见。
附图说明
图1A-F为本发明的一个实施例的横截面侧视图,示出了从冲模台板2内的粉末共混物4制造片剂4a。
图2A-H为本发明的一个实施例的横截面侧视图,示出了从冲模台板2内的粉末共混物10和11制造双层片剂12。
图3A-G为本发明的一个实施例的横截面侧视图,示出了从冲模台板2内的粉末共混物20制造含有预制插入物30和31的片剂40。
图4A和4B为旋转转位机器(rotary indexing machine)195的透视图。
图5A和5B为处于停留位置的旋转转位机器195的顶视图。
图6A和6B为制造周期的起始位置中下成形工具组件110的截面图。
图7为压实粉末共混物101之前的穿过RF工位旋转转位机器195的截面图。
图8为穿过RF工位旋转转位机器195的截面图,示出了片剂101a的制造。
图9为在弹出片剂101a之前的穿过片剂弹出工位160的截面图。
图10为已将片剂101a弹出进入泡罩190后的穿过片剂弹出工位160的截面图。
图11A-D为成形工具和冲模台板的备选实施例的横截面。
图12A-D为成形工具和冲模台板的备选实施例的横截面。
图13A为具有波形表面的成形工具的横截面。
图13B为具有波形表面的成形工具的透视图。
图14为在表面上具有突起的成形工具的横截面。
具体实施方式
据信,本领域的技术人员可根据本文的描述最大限度地利用本发明。下面的具体实施例可理解为仅为示例性的,并且无论如何都不以任何方式限制本公开内容的其余部分。
除非另有规定,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语都具有本发明所属技术领域普通技术人员公知的相同含义。此外,将本文提及的所有出版物、专利申请、专利和其他参考文献以引用方式并入本文中。除非另外指明,否则本文所用的所有百分比均以重量计。
如上所论述的,在一个方面,本发明描述了通过如下使用这种机器制备剂型的方法:(a)添加粉末共混物至成形腔;(b)使第一成形工具移动穿过成形腔的第一开口进入成形腔,使得粉末共混物在成形腔内于第一成形工具和第二成形工具之间成形为剂型坯;(c)在第一电极和第二电极之间传导RF能量,使得该能量加热成形腔内的粉末共混物而形成剂型;以及(d)从成形腔内移出剂型。虽然本文的具体实施例集中于片剂,但其他剂型如锭剂和口香糖也可通过这种机器和方法制得。
粉末共混物
如上文所论述的,片剂通过压实含有药物活性剂(如本文所论述的)、可熔性粘合剂(如本文所论述的)和任选的可药用载体的粉末共混物来制造。载体含有一种或多种适用于配制片剂的赋形剂。合适的赋形剂的例子包括但不限于:填充剂、吸附剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂、甜味剂、超级崩解剂、风味剂和芳香剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、质构增强剂以及它们的混合物。一种或多种上述成分可存在于粉末共混物的同一粒子上。
合适的填充剂包括但不限于:碳水化物(如本文所论述的)和水不溶性塑性变形材料(例如,微晶纤维素或其他纤维素衍生物)以及它们的混合物。
合适的吸附剂包括但不限于:水不溶性吸附剂如磷酸二钙、磷酸三钙、硅化微晶纤维素(例如,如以PROSOLV商标(PenWest Pharmaceuticals,Patterson,NY)分销的)、偏硅酸铝镁(例如,如以NEUSILIN商标(Fuji Chemical Industries(USA)Inc.,Robbinsville,NJ)分销的)、粘土、二氧化硅、膨润土、沸石、硅酸镁、水滑石、胶体硅酸镁铝以及它们的混合物。
合适的崩解剂包括但不限于:羟基乙酸淀粉钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤维素、淀粉、微晶纤维素以及它们的混合物。
合适的润滑剂包括但不限于:长链脂肪酸以及它们的盐(如硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸)、滑石、甘油酯、蜡以及它们的混合物。
合适的助流剂包括但不限于胶态二氧化硅。
甜味剂的例子包括但不限于:合成的或天然的糖;人造甜味剂如糖精、糖精钠、天冬甜素、丁磺氨、非洲甜果素、甘草素、三氯蔗糖、二氢查尔酮、阿力甜、奇异果素、应乐果甜蛋白和甜菊糖;糖醇如山梨醇、甘露糖醇、甘油、乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇和木糖醇;从甘蔗和甜菜提取的糖(蔗糖)、右旋糖(也称为葡萄糖)、果糖(也称为左旋糖)和乳糖;异麦芽酮糖醇、它们的盐以及它们的混合物。
超级崩解剂的例子包括但不限于:交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羟基乙酸淀粉钠和交联聚维酮(交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)。在一个实施例中,片剂含有最多约5重量%的这种超级崩解剂。
风味剂和芳香剂的例子包括但不限于:精油,包括切细的花、叶、皮或捣浆全果的蒸馏物、溶剂提取物或冷榨物,其含有醇、酯、醛和内酯的混合物;香精,包括精油的稀溶液或共混成与水果(例如草莓、悬钩子和黑醋粟)的天然香味匹配的合成化学物质的混合物;酿造物和酒类(例如科涅克白兰地酒、威士忌酒、浪姆酒、杜松子酒、雪利酒、波尔图葡萄酒和葡萄酒)的人造的和天然的风味剂;烟草、咖啡、茶、可可和薄荷;果汁,包括从洗擦过的水果如柠檬、橙和酸橙压榨出的汁;绿薄荷、欧薄荷、冬青、肉桂、可可、香草、甘草、薄荷醇、桉树、茴香籽;坚果(如花生、椰子、榛子、栗子、胡桃和可拉果)、杏仁、葡萄干;以及粉末、面粉或包括烟草植物部分在内的植物材料部分(例如烟草属植物部分,其量不会显著促成尼古丁的水平)以及生姜。
抗氧化剂的例子包括但不限于:生育酚、抗坏血酸、焦亚硫酸钠、丁基羟基甲苯、丁基化羟基苯甲醚、依地酸和依地酸盐以及它们的混合物。
防腐剂的例子包括但不限于:柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸、苹果酸、乙酸、苯甲酸和山梨酸以及它们的混合物。
质构增强剂的例子包括但不限于:果胶、聚环氧乙烷和角叉菜胶以及它们的混合物。在一个实施例中,质构增强剂以约0.1重量%至约10重量%的水平使用。
在本发明的一个实施例中,粉末共混物具有小于500微米,如约50微米至约500微米,如约50微米至300微米的平均粒度。在该粒度范围的粒子尤其可用于直接压实工艺。
在本发明的一个实施例中,片剂可由基本上不含水合聚合物的粉末共混物制备。如本文所用,所谓“基本上不含”意指少于5%,如少于1%,如少于0.1%,(例如,0%)。这种组合物对于保持速释溶出特性、使加工和材料如完全不含成本降至最低以及使片剂的物理和化学稳定性最佳是有利的。
在一个实施例中,粉末共混物/片剂基本上不含可直接压缩的水不溶性填充剂。水不溶性填充剂包括但不限于:微晶纤维素、可直接压缩的微晶纤维素、纤维素、水不溶性纤维素、淀粉、玉米淀粉和改性淀粉。如本实施例中所述,基本上不含为少于2%,例如少于1%或无。
可熔性粘合剂
本发明的粉末共混物/片剂包含至少一种可熔性粘合剂。在一个实施例中,所述可熔性粘合剂具有约40℃至约140℃,如约55℃至约100℃的熔点。所述一种或多种可熔性粘合剂的软化或熔融通过该软化的或熔融的粘合剂与压实的粉末共混物内的药物活性剂和/或其他成分粘合导致片剂坯的烧结。
在一个实施例中,可熔性粘合剂为RF可熔性粘合剂。RF可熔性粘合剂所意指的是在暴露于RF能量后可软化或熔融的固体粘合剂。RF可熔性粘合剂通常为极性的并且具有在冷却后重新硬化或重新固化的能力。
在一个实施例中,可熔性粘合剂不为RF可熔性粘合剂。在该实施例中,粉末共混物含有在暴露于RF能量后发热的赋形剂(例如,极性赋形剂),使得所导致的热能够软化或熔融该可熔性粘合剂。这种赋形剂的例子包括但不限于:极性液体如水和甘油;粉末状金属和金属盐如粉末状铁、氯化钠、氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁;硬脂酸;和硬脂酸钠。
合适的可熔性粘合剂的例子包括:脂肪如可可脂、氢化的植物油如棕榈仁油、棉籽油、向日葵油和大豆油;甘油一酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯;磷脂;鲸蜡醇;蜡如卡洛巴蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡、紫胶蜡、微晶蜡和石蜡;水溶性聚合物如聚乙二醇、聚己内酯、GlycoWax-932、月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酯和硬脂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酯;聚环氧乙烷;和蔗糖酯。
在一个实施例中,可熔性粘合剂为RF可熔性粘合剂,而RF可熔性粘合剂为聚乙二醇(PEG),如PEG-4000。特别优选的RF可熔性粘合剂为具有至少95重量%的小于100微米(通过常规的手段如光或激光散射或筛析来测量)且分子量在3000和8000道尔顿之间的PEG粒子。
所述一种或多种可熔性粘合剂可以粉末共混物/片剂的约0.01%至约70%,如约1%至约50%,如粉末共混物/片剂的约10%至约30%的水平存在。
碳水化合物
在一个实施例中,粉末共混物含有至少一种碳水化合物。碳水化合物可有助于片剂的可溶性和口感,帮助使可熔性粘合剂在更广的表面积上分布,以及稀释和缓冲药物活性剂。碳水化合物的例子包括但不限于:水溶性可压缩碳水化合物如糖(例如,右旋糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、异麦芽酮糖醇和乳糖)、淀粉(例如,玉米淀粉)、糖醇(例如,甘露糖醇、山梨醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓醇、乳糖醇和木糖醇)和淀粉水解物(例如,糊精和麦芽糖糊精)。
所述碳水化合物可以粉末共混物/片剂的约5%至约95%,如粉末共混物/片剂的约20%至约90%或约40%至约80%的水平存在。碳水化合物的粒度可影响所用可熔性粘合剂的水平,其中较高粒度的碳水化合物提供较低的表面积,因此需要较低水平的粘合剂。在一个实施例中,如果碳水化合物为大于粉末共混物的50重量%并且碳水化合物的平均粒度大于100微米,则可熔性粘合剂为粉末共混物/片剂的约10至约30重量%。
药物活性剂
本发明的粉末共混物/片剂包含至少一种药物活性剂。所谓“药物活性剂”其意指经美国食品与药物管理局(U.S.Food and Drug Administration)、欧洲药品管理局(European Medicines Agency)或它们的任何继承实体许可或 批准的用于口服治疗病症或疾病的制剂(如化合物)。合适的药物活性剂包括但不限于:镇痛剂、抗炎剂、解热剂、抗组胺剂、抗生素(例如,抗菌剂、抗病毒剂和抗真菌剂)、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病剂、解痉药、食欲抑制剂、支气管扩张剂、心血管治疗剂(例如他汀类药物)、中枢神经系统治疗剂、镇咳剂、减充血剂、利尿剂、祛痰剂、胃肠治疗剂、麻醉剂、黏液溶解剂、肌肉松弛剂、骨质疏松治疗剂、兴奋剂、尼古丁以及镇静剂。
合适的胃肠治疗剂的例子包括但不限于:抗酸剂,如含铝的药物活性剂(例如,碳酸铝、氢氧化铝、碳酸二羟铝钠和磷酸铝)、含碳酸氢盐的药物活性剂、含铋的药物活性剂(例如,铝酸铋、碳酸铋、碱式碳酸铋、碱式没食子酸铋以及碱式硝酸铋)、含钙的药物活性剂(例如碳酸钙)、甘氨酸、含镁的药物活性剂(例如,水化铝酸镁、硅酸铝镁、碳酸镁、甘氨酸镁、氢氧化镁、氧化镁和三硅酸镁)、含磷酸盐的药物活性剂(例如,磷酸铝和磷酸钙)、含钾的药物活性剂(例如碳酸氢钾)、含钠的药物活性剂(例如碳酸氢钠)以及硅酸盐;泻药,如软便剂(例如多库酯)和刺激性泻药(例如比沙可啶);H2受体拮抗剂,如法莫替丁、雷尼替丁、西咪替丁和尼扎替丁;质子泵抑制剂,如奥美拉唑、右兰索拉唑、艾美拉唑、泮托拉唑、雷贝拉唑和兰索拉唑;胃肠细胞保护剂,如硫糖铝和米索前列醇;胃肠促动药,如普卡必利;针对幽门螺旋杆菌(H.pylori)的抗生素,如克拉霉素、阿莫西林、四环素以及甲硝唑;止泻药,如碱式水杨酸铋、高岭土、地芬诺酯和洛派丁胺;甘罗溴铵;镇痛剂,如美沙胺;止吐药,如昂丹司琼、赛克力嗪、苯海拉明、茶苯海明、氯苯甲嗪、异丙嗪和羟嗪;益生菌,包括但不限于乳酸杆菌(lactobacilli);乳糖酶;消旋卡多曲;和排气剂,如聚二甲基硅氧烷(如二甲硅油和西甲硅油,包括美国专利No.4,906,478、No.5,275,822以及No.6,103,260中公开的那些);它们的异构体;以及它们的可药用盐和前药(如酯)。
合适的止痛剂、抗炎剂和解热剂的例子包括但不限于:非甾体抗炎药(NSAID),如丙酸衍生物(例如,布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬、氟比洛芬、芬布芬、非诺洛芬、吲哚洛芬、酮洛芬、氟洛芬、比丙芬、卡洛芬、噁丙嗪、普拉洛芬和舒洛芬)和COX抑制剂,如塞来考昔;对乙酰氨基酚;乙酰水杨酸;乙酸衍生物,如吲哚美辛、双氯芬酸、舒林酸和托美丁;芬那 酸衍生物,如甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸和氟芬那酸;联苯羧酸衍生物,如二氟尼柳和氟苯柳;和昔康类,如吡罗昔康、舒多昔康、伊索昔康和美洛昔康;它们的异构体;以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
抗组胺药和减充血剂的例子包括但不限于溴苯那敏、氯环嗪、右溴苯那敏、溴己新、苯茚胺、非尼拉敏、美吡拉敏、松齐拉敏、pripolidine、麻黄碱、去氧肾上腺素、伪麻黄碱、苯丙醇胺、扑尔敏、右美沙芬、苯海拉明、多西拉敏、阿司咪唑、特非那丁、非索非那丁、萘甲唑林、羟甲唑啉、孟鲁斯特、丙己君、苯丙烯啶、克立马丁、阿伐斯汀、普鲁米近、奥索马嗪、美喹他嗪、布克力嗪、溴己新、酮替芬、特非那丁、依巴斯汀、苯咪唑嗪、赛洛唑啉、氯雷他定、脱羧氯雷他定以及西替利嗪;它们的异构体;以及它们的可药用盐和酯。
止咳剂和祛痰剂的例子包括但不限于:苯海拉明、右美沙芬、诺斯卡品、氯苯达诺、薄荷醇、苯佐那酯、乙基吗啡、可待因、乙酰半胱氨酸、羧甲半胱胺酸、氨溴索、颠茄生物碱、索布瑞醇、愈疮木酚和愈创木酚甘油醚;它们的异构体;以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
肌肉松弛剂的例子包括但不限于:环苯扎林和氯唑沙宗、美他沙酮、奥芬那君和美索巴莫;它们的异构体;以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
兴奋剂的例子包括但不限于咖啡因。
镇静剂的例子包括但不限于:睡眠助剂,如抗组胺药(例如苯海拉明)、艾司佐匹克隆和唑吡旦,以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
食欲抑制剂的例子包括但不限于:苯丙醇胺、芬特明和二乙基卡西酮以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
麻醉剂(如用于治疗咽喉痛)的例子包括但不限于:达克罗宁、苯佐卡因和果胶以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
合适的他汀类药物的例子包括但不限于:阿托伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、普伐他汀以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
在一个实施例中,包括在片剂内的药物活性剂选自:去氧肾上腺素、右美沙芬、伪麻黄碱、对乙酰氨基酚、西替利嗪、阿司匹林、烟碱、雷尼替丁、布洛芬、酮洛芬、洛派丁胺、法莫替丁、碳酸钙、西甲硅油、扑尔 敏、美索巴莫、氯苯达诺、抗坏血酸、果胶、达克罗宁、苯佐卡因和薄荷醇以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
如上所讨论的,本发明的药物活性剂还可以以可药用盐如酸式/阴离子盐或碱式/阳离子盐的形式存在。可药用酸式/阴离子盐包括但不限于:乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、溴化物、依地酸钙、樟脑磺酸盐、碳酸盐、氯化物、柠檬酸盐、二盐酸盐、依地酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、丙酸酯十二烷基硫酸盐(estolate)、乙磺酸酯、延胡索酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、α-羟乙酰氨基苯砷酸、己基间苯二酚盐、海巴明、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、羟萘酸盐、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基溴化物、甲基硝酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、粘液酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、泛酸盐、磷酸盐/二磷酸盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、碱式乙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、鞣酸盐、酒石酸盐、茶氯酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐以及三乙基碘。可药用碱式/阳离子盐包括但不限于:铝、苄星、钙、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、锂、镁、葡甲胺、钾、普鲁卡因、钠和锌。
如上所述,本发明的药物活性剂还可以以药物活性剂的前药形式存在。通常,此类前药将是药物活性剂的官能衍生物,该官能衍生物在体内可易于转化成所需的药物活性剂。例如,在“Design of Prodrugs”,H.Bundgaard(编辑),Elsevier,1985中描述了用于选择和制备合适的前药衍生物的常规程序。除了盐外,本发明还提供所述化合物的酯、酰胺以及其他受保护的或衍生的形式。
如果根据本发明的药物活性剂具有至少一个手性中心,则它们可作为对映体存在。如果药物活性剂具有两个或更多个手性中心,则它们还可作为非对映体存在。应当理解,所有的这类异构体及其混合物涵盖在本发明的范围内。此外,药物活性剂的某些晶体形式可作为多晶型物存在,并且此类多晶形物同样旨在包括在本发明的范围内。另外,某些药物活性剂可以与水形成溶剂化物(如水合物)或与普通有机溶剂形成溶剂化物,并且这些溶剂化物也旨在包括在本发明的范围内。
在一个实施例中,药物活性剂以治疗有效量存在于片剂中,治疗有效量为口服后能产生所需治疗响应的量,可容易由本领域的技术人员确定。在确定该量时,如本领域所知,必须考虑所施用的具体药物活性剂、药物活性剂的生物利用度特性、给药方案、患者的年龄和体重以及其他因素。
药物活性剂可以多种形式存在。例如,药物活性剂可以在片剂内在分子水平上分散(如熔融),或者可以为粒子形式,继而可对粒子进行包衣或不进行包衣。如果药物活性剂为粒子形式,则粒子(不管是否包衣的还是未包衣的)的平均粒度通常为约1至约2000微米。在一个实施例中,这类粒子为具有约1至约300微米的平均粒度的晶体。在另一个实施例中,粒子为颗粒或丸粒,其平均粒度为约50至约2000微米,如约50至约1000微米,如约100至约800微米。
在添加掩味包衣之前,药物活性剂可以纯晶体形式存在,或以颗粒状形式存在。可将制粒技术用于改善药物活性剂的流动特性或粒度以使得其更适用于压实或随后的包衣。适用于制粒的粘合剂包括但不限于:淀粉、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素。包含药物活性剂的粒子可用本领域已知的任何制粒方法通过将药物活性剂与合适的基材粒子共同制粒而成。这种制粒方法的例子包括但不限于高剪切湿法制粒和流化床制粒,如旋转流化床制粒。
如本领域所知,如果药物活性剂味道不好,则可以用掩味包衣包覆药物活性剂。合适的掩味包衣的例子在美国专利No.4,851,226、美国专利No.5,075,114以及美国专利No.5,489,436中有描述。也可采用可商购获得的经掩味处理的药物活性剂。例如,通过凝聚法用乙基纤维素或其他聚合物包封的对乙酰氨基酚粒子可用于本发明。凝聚包封的对乙酰氨基酚可从Eurand America,Inc.(Vandalia,Ohio)或从Circa Inc.(Dayton,Ohio)商购获得。
在一个实施例中,片剂掺有调释包衣粒子(例如,含有至少一种药物活性剂的粒子,所述粒子传导这种药物活性剂的调释特性)。本文所用的“调释”应适用于活性剂在溶出介质(如胃肠液)中的受改变的释放或溶出。调释的类型包括但不限于持续释放或迟释。通常,将调释片剂配制成使得活性剂在摄取后在长时间内可以利用,这因而使得与常规片剂中相同 活性剂的给药相比,给药频率减少。调释片剂还使得能使用活性剂组合,其中一种药物活性剂的持续时间可与另一药物活性剂的持续时间不同。在一个实施例中,该片剂含有一种以即释方式释放的药物活性剂和以调释方式释放的另外活性剂或与第一活性剂相同的活性剂的第二部分。
用作在调释包衣中使用的调节释放的赋形剂的溶胀性可溶蚀亲水材料的例子包括:水溶胀性纤维素衍生物、聚亚烷基二醇、热塑性聚环氧烷、丙烯酸聚合物、亲水胶体、粘土和胶凝淀粉。水可溶胀的纤维素衍生物的例子包括:羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟异丙基纤维素、羟丁基纤维素、羟苯基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟戊基纤维素、羟丙基乙基纤维素、羟丙基丁基纤维素和羟丙基乙基纤维素。聚亚烷基乙二醇的例子包括聚乙二醇。合适的热塑性聚环氧烷的例子包括聚环氧乙烷。丙烯酸系聚合物的例子包括甲基丙烯酸钾-二乙烯基苯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯以及高分子量交联丙烯酸均聚物和共聚物。
适于用作在调释包衣中使用的调节释放的赋形剂的pH依赖性聚合物包括:肠溶性纤维素衍生物,如羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯和醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯;天然树脂,如紫胶和玉米朊;肠溶性醋酸酯衍生物,如聚醋酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯和乙醛醋酸二甲基纤维素;和肠溶性丙烯酸酯衍生物,如聚甲基丙烯酸酯基聚合物,如聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸甲酯)1∶2(可以商品名EUDRAGIT S得自Rohm Pharma GmbH)和聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸甲酯)1∶1(可以商品名EUDRAGIT L得自Rohm Pharma GmbH)。
在一个实施例中,药物活性剂用水不溶性成膜聚合物(例如但不限于乙酸纤维素或乙基纤维素)和水溶性聚合物(例如但不限于聚维酮、聚甲基丙烯酸共聚物(如Rohm America以商品名Eudragit E-100销售的那些)以及羟丙基纤维素)的组合来进行包衣。在该实施例中,水不溶性成膜聚合物与水溶性聚合物的比率为水不溶性聚合物占约50%至约95%,而水溶性聚合物占约5%至约50%,并且以掩味包衣粒子的重量计,包衣的重量百分比为约5%至约40%。在一个实施例中,用于药物活性剂的包衣粒子中的 包衣基本上不含在低于85℃熔融的物质(如聚乙二醇),以便在RF加热步骤过程中防止损害包衣的完整性。
在一个实施例中,可使一种或多种药物活性剂或该药物活性剂的一部分结合至离子交换树脂,以对药物活性剂进行掩味或以调释方式递送该药物活性剂。
在一个实施例中,药物活性剂能够在接触诸如水、胃酸、肠液等等之类的流体时溶出。在一个实施例中,片剂内药物活性剂的溶出特性符合包含该药物活性剂的即释片剂的USP规范。例如,对于对乙酰氨基酚片剂,USP 24规定,在pH 5.8磷酸缓冲液中,以50rpm使用USP装置2(桨式),在给药后30分钟内片剂中所含的对乙酰氨基酚有至少80%从该片剂释放,对于布洛芬片剂,USP 24规定,在pH 7.2磷酸盐缓冲液中,以50rpm使用USP装置2(桨式),在给药后60分钟内片剂中所含的布洛芬有至少80%从该片剂释放。参见USP 24,2000版,第19-20页和第856页(1999)。在另一个实施例中,药物活性剂的溶出特性受到调节:例如控释、缓释、延释、阻释、长效、迟释等。
在一个实施例中,药物活性剂的粒度会导致在片剂中存在更多的空隙空间,其中较大的药物活性剂粒度随后需要较低水平的可熔性粘合剂。在一个实施例中,如果以粉末共混物/片剂的重量计药物活性剂或包衣药物活性剂大于该共混物的50%且所述碳水化合物的平均粒度大于100微米,则可熔性粘合剂为粉末共混物/片剂的约10至约30重量%。在一个实施例中,如果粉末共混物的平均粒度在约100微米至约300微米之间,则可熔性粘合剂为粉末共混物/片剂的约10至约20重量%。
药物活性剂的熔点可影响加热步骤过程中所用的温度和所用的可熔性粘合剂的类型。在一个实施例中,可熔性粘合剂的熔点低于药物活性剂的熔点。在另一个实施例中,药物活性剂的熔点与可熔性粘合剂的熔点相同或低于可熔性粘合剂的熔点,在这种情形中,在熔融或加热步骤过程中,药物活性剂和可熔性粘合剂二者均可熔融并且在冷却后在该片剂形式中药物活性剂和可熔性粘合剂与其他物质之间产生共晶或多种桥接。在一个实施例中,加热温度高于可熔性粘合剂的熔点且低于药物活性剂的熔点。在 其中布洛芬是药物活性剂的一个实施例中,将可熔性粘合剂加热至约30℃至约60℃。在一个实施例中,药物活性剂为可熔性粘合剂。
在一个实施例中,药物活性剂是以涂覆有可熔性粘合剂的粒子的形式。
药物活性剂对RF能量的敏感性(例如,熔融或降解)可对加热步骤过程中所用的能量类型和/或温度以及所用的可熔性粘合剂的类型有影响。
在一个实施例中,对片剂的加工无湿法制粒或热熔融制粒步骤。在该实施例中,在加热之前将材料直接共混。在一个实施例中,在加热之前将材料直接共混并压制。
片剂坯的制造
在一个实施例中,将粉末共混物送料进设备的片剂冲模中,该设备施加压力以形成片剂坯(例如,通过轻压实如填压)。可使用任何合适的压实设备,包括但不限于常规的单冲式或旋转式压片机。在一个实施例中,可通过用旋转式压片机(例如,如可从Fette America Inc.(Rockaway,N.J.)或Manesty Machines LTD(Liverpool,UK)商购获得的那些压片机)进行压实来形成片剂坯。在一个实施例中,在将片剂坯从压片机移出后将其加热。在另一个实施例中,将片剂坯在压片机内加热。
在一个实施例中,为了获得口腔崩解片剂的所需属性,该片剂的构造可以是高度多孔性的,使用最小量的粘合剂,和/或具有低的密度。因而,这种片剂是有点易脆的和软的。在一个优选的实施例中,期望用最小的填压/压实力来实现口腔崩解特性(低密度)。实验已经确定,不施加RF能量时的小力压实产生不能经受制造过程中所需的材料处理力的十分易脆的片剂。还确定的是,当小心处理上述压实片剂并将其送往加热源(RF或常规对流/传导)时随着粘合剂变熔融该片剂在其自身重量下会“塌落”和变形。
在大多数热力学处理或机器中,热源和散热器是两个截然不同的机器或步骤,要求材料从一个设备转移到另一个设备。在本发明片剂的制造中,必须添加能量至片剂以实现粘合效果,然后必须将能量从产品移除以固化和强化该产品用于其最后的处理包装和使用。本发明制造法的一个实施例的独特的且未预料到的属性之一是热源和散热器为同一设备的部件。 事实上在早前的实验中金属成形工具(例如,冲模冲头)在室温下从处理过的片剂坯移除如此多的热量(由于其高的导热率)使得由于粉末共混物内未发生均一的熔融这一事实所得片剂的表面是不可接受的。所得的片剂具有良好成形的核,但表面是松散未粘合的且成形较差的粉末,其未粘附至片剂的其他部分。为了校正这种热量损耗,在一个实施例中,将热量添加至该成形工具以在片剂的表面以及中心实现正常的烧结。
为了利用这种独特的热效应,还可针对粉末共混物的热特性以及导热率和比热对粉末共混物进行选择使得粉末共混物粒子自身变成散热器。在典型的口腔崩解片(“ODT”)制剂中,在RF场中发热的极性粘合剂可能构成不到混合物10%。剩余90%的材料充当散热器,其在移除RF场后从粘合剂快速移除热量。这样的理想结果是总处理时间可以是仅数秒,并且在关键的填压和加热处理过程中不需要将片剂从冲模台板转移。则冲模台板可充当材料处理设备以及热成形工具。对于成功制造易脆的口腔崩解片剂而言这是特别有利的。
在一个实施例中,在添加RF能量之前发生的压实步骤(例如,填压)利用低于压制可咀嚼的或可吞咽的片剂所需的力的压实力。在一个实施例中,压实力低于约6.9MPa(1000磅/平方英寸)(例如,低于约3.4MPa(500磅/平方英寸),如低于1.4MPa(200磅/平方英寸),如低于0.3MPa(50磅/平方英寸))。在一个实施例中,在粉末共混物处于这种力下的同时施加能量。
在一个实施例中,压实步骤以转位(indexed)方式进行,其中一组片剂同时压实,然后旋转至另一转位(indexing)工位。在一个实施例中,压实步骤在单个转位工位进行,而RF能量施加在另一转位工位进行。在另一个实施例中,存在其中进行片剂或多片片剂弹出的第三转位工位,其中下成形工具升起并上至冲模的表面。在另一个实施例中,压实步骤通过添加气压或液压缸至上成形工具的顶部来进行。在一个实施例中,通过引离棒(take-off bar)将多片片剂同时弹出并与该转位工位的表面分离并移出。
在另一个实施例中,可通过美国专利申请公开No.20040156902中所述的压实方法和设备制备片剂坯。具体地讲,可用具有双排冲模构造的单个设备中包括填充区、插入区、压制区、弹出区和清除区的旋转压制模块 来制备片剂坯。然后可借助真空来填充该压制模块的冲模,每个模具中或附近设置有过滤器。压制模块的清除区包括任选的粉末共混物回收系统,以从过滤器回收多余的粉末共混物并将粉末共混物送回冲模。在一个实施例中,将RF能量投射透过旋转压片机的冲模台,进入成形工具或成形腔内的合适电极。在一个实施例中,该冲模台由非传导性材料构造。
在另一个实施例中,可通过湿法制粒方法制备片剂坯的一部分,其中将赋形剂和湿粘合剂的溶液或分散体(例如,水煮淀粉糊或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液)混合并制粒。适用于湿法制粒的设备包括低剪切混合机(如行星混合机)、高剪切混合机和流化床(包括旋转式流化床)。然后将所得的粒状材料干燥,并任选与另外的成分(例如赋形剂,如本发明所述的可熔性粘合剂、润滑剂、着色剂等等)干混。最终的干共混物则适于通过本文所述的方法压实。直接压实工艺和湿法制粒工艺的方法是本领域已知的。
在一个实施例中,通过公布的美国专利No.6,767,200中所述的压实方法和设备制备片剂坯。具体地讲,可用如本文图6所示的具有双排冲模构造的单个设备中包括填充区、压制区、弹出区的旋转压制模块来制备片剂。优选借助真空对压制模块的模具进行填充,每个模具之中或附近带有过滤器。
片剂坯可具有多种不同形状中的其中一种。例如,可将片剂坯成形为多面体,如立方体、椎体、棱柱体等;或者可具有带一些非平坦表面的空间外形的几何形状,如圆锥体、截头圆锥体、三角形、圆柱体、球体、圆环体等。在某些实施例中,片剂坯具有一个或多个主表面。例如,片剂坯表面通常具有通过与压实机器中的上下成形工具表面(例如,冲模冲头)接触而形成的相对的上表面和下表面。在这类实施例中,片剂坯表面通常还包括位于上表面和下表面之间的“腹带”,其通过与压实机器中的冲模壁接触而形成。片剂坯/片剂还可以是多层片剂坯/片剂。申请人已发现用于制备片剂的模具中锐利边缘可引起弧,因而可能需要更圆的边缘。
在一个实施例中,生产片剂坯的方法基本上不使用溶剂。在该实施例中,粉末共混物基本上不含溶剂,并且制造工艺(例如填充进冲模的工艺)也基本上无溶剂。溶剂可包括但不限于水、有机溶剂(例如但是不限 于醇、含氯溶剂、己烷或丙酮)或气态溶剂(例如但不限于氮气、二氧化碳或超临界流体)。
在一个实施例中采用振动步骤(例如,在填充粉末共混物之后但是在加热或熔融步骤之前添加该步骤,以从粉末共混物除去空气)。在一个实施例中,添加频率为约1Hz至约50KHz的振动,峰到峰的振幅为1微米至5mm,以让可流动的粉末共混物沉积进冲模台板的腔(“成形腔”)中。
在一个实施例中,如图1A-1F中所示,将定量体积的粉末共混物4填充进Teflon(或类似电和RF能量绝缘的材料如陶瓷或UHMW塑料)冲模台板2中。冲模台板2具有成形腔5,该成形腔具有内壁6、冲模台板2的上表面上的上开口7(其允许粉末共混物4和上成形工具1移动进入成形腔5中)和冲模台板2的相对表面上的下开口8(其允许共混物4和下形成模具3移动进入成形腔5中)。粉末共混物4可从送料器(未示出)重力送料或机械送料。将金属导电性下成形工具3插入冲模台板以使粉末共混物4保持在冲模台板2内。类似的金属导电性上成形工具1定位在冲模台板2之上,如图1B所示。然后使成形工具1和3、冲模台板2和粉末共混物4移至如图1C所示的压实和RF加热工位以形成片剂坯4a。
该加热工位由RF发生器7构成,该发生器产生必要的高压、高频能量。发生器7电连接至可移动的上RF电极板8和可移动的下RF电极板6。如图1C所示,在该位置,通过上RF电极板8和下电极板6施加的压力将粉末共混物4在上成形工具1和下成形工具3之间压实以形成片剂坯4a。然后使片剂坯4a暴露于来自RF发生器7的RF能量,该RF能量加热片剂坯4a内的可熔性粘合剂。在关掉RF能量后,片剂坯4a冷却而形成片剂4b。在一个实施例中,如图1D所示,上成形工具1将片剂4b从冲模台板2推进泡罩8中,该泡罩用于包装片剂4b。在一个备选的实施例中,如图1E所示,下成形工具3将片剂4b从冲模台板2推出并通过静止的“引离”棒(未示出)引导至弹出斜槽。图1F示出了成形工具1和4、冲模台板2和片剂4b的三维示图。
在图2A-2H中,示出了其中制备多层片剂的本发明的备选实施例。首先,如图2A所示将粉末共混物10充填进冲模台板2中。如图2B所示通过上成形工具1填压粉末共混物10或使其下移进冲模台板2中以形成片剂 坯10a。然后,在片剂坯10a上充填粉末共混物11。然后使成形工具1和3、冲模台板2、片剂坯10a和粉末共混物11移至如图2E所示的压实和RF加热工位。如上面图1C所述完成RF加热以产生如图2F和2G中所示的多层片剂12。虽然在该附图中示出了双层片剂,但可通过添加另外的粉末共混物至冲模台板2来产生另外的多个层。
图3A-3G示出了本发明的另一个实施例,其中如图3A-3D所示预制插入物30和31被插入片剂坯20a中。然后将成形工具1和3、冲模台板2、片剂坯20和预制插入物30和31移至如图3E中所示的压实和RF加热工位。如上面图1C所述完成RF加热以产生图2F和2G中所示的多组分片剂40。
图4A和4B示出了旋转转位机器195的两个视图,其设计用于产生大量的片剂。具体地讲,所示设备的构造设计用于生产易脆的片剂,同时使在将片剂移动通过各制造步骤时损害片剂的风险最小。本发明的该实施例由具有各有十六个腔的四组冲模台板175的转位台170、粉末送料器100、RF发生器150、机器机架140、移动RF电极组件120和130、下成形工具组件110、上成形工具组件210、片剂弹出工位160、转位器驱动系统180、泡罩包装幅材190和泡罩封盖材料卷191。
图5A为处于停留位置的设备的顶视图。图5B为在转位台170以方向“A”在工位之间旋转时该设备的俯视图。图6A示出了穿过处于制造周期的起始位置的下成形工具组件110的截面图。下成形工具111(其由导电性金属材料如黄铜或不锈钢制成)保持在保持器板112(例如,由铝或刚制成)中。加热块117附接至保持器板112,并含有流体通道117b。加热(或任选地,冷却)流体通过连接至形成供应和返回线路的柔性软管119a和119b而循环通过加热块117。加热还可通过筒式电加热器或其他合适的装置(未示出)来完成。附连至保持器板的是凸轮从动件114和线性轴承113。导轴116固定至转位台170。保持器板和成形工具111是可根据凸轮从动件114在其上滚转的筒型凸轮115的轮廓上下移动的。也示出的是冲模台板171,其由电和RF能量绝缘材料如特氟隆、UHMW或陶瓷制成。这是有必要的以当在后续步骤中导电成形工具定位在RF电场中时防止短路。在所述工艺的这一阶段成形腔171a示出为空。
图6B绘出了穿过该设备的粉末送料器工位100的截面。在该工位粉末状粉末共混物101被重力送料进冲模台板171中。以方向“B”上下调节可移动的凸轮区段118以通过改变下成形工具111深入冲模台板171的量来改变成形腔171a的体积。这种可调体积特征使得能针对所需的片剂重量来选取精确剂量的粉末状粉末共混物。当该机器转出粉末送料工位时,送料器102的边缘擦过冲模台板171以产生相对于冲模台板171的表面的水平粉末表面。
图7为穿过该设备的RF工位的截面图。在这里象征性地绘出了RF发生器150。在一个实施例中,RF发生器150的构造为自由转动振荡器系统。其通常由功率真空管(如三极管)、连接阴极和板极(阳极)的在1000伏特至8000伏特之间的DC电压源。谐振电路用于将正弦波信号施加于控制栅极和电极,从而产生必要的频率(通常为13.56MHZ或27.12MHZ)和高压场。这种RF发生器150的一个例子是COSMOS Model C10X16G4(Cosmos Electronic Machine Corporation,Farmingdale,NY)。在另一个实施例中,RF能量可通过50欧姆系统提供,该系统由波形发生器构成,该发生器将射频信号馈送至功率放大器,该功率放大器通过阻抗匹配网络连接至电极和装载物。
在图7中,示出了可以方向“D”移动的下可移动RF电极121。其呈现为处于其下位。线性运动通过线性致动器产生,该线性致动器通常为诸如气缸或伺服马达之类的设计。图7中绘出了两个气缸。气缸体141和142施加压力给导杆144和143。移动台板132和122连接至该导杆并为电极板131和121提供电绝缘台座。RF发生器150通过金属线185和184连接至电极板131和121。可以方向“C”移动的可移动上RF电极组件130以其上位示出。上成形工具133、保持器板134和加热块135全部附接至可移动RF电极板131上,并从而与其一起上下移动。粉末共混物101处于冲模台板171内。
图8为穿过同一RF工位的截面,但示出RF电极131和121施压于各自的成形工具组件133和111以既压实粉末共混物101又施加RF能量给粉末共混物101从而产生片剂101a。在停止施加RF能量后,回缩可移动RF 电极板,将转位板170、冲模台板171和下成形工具组件110转位至下一工位。
图9为穿过片剂弹出工位160的截面图。顶出销161附接至可移动板162(可以“E”方向移动),该可移动板通过致动器组件163(例如,其可为线性伺服马达或气缸或其他合适的致动器)致动。致动器杆166连接至可移动板162。线性轴承164和导杆165为致动器板162提供刚度和支持并防止由来自作用于致动器163的弹出力所产生的破坏性边缘荷载(side load)。泡罩包装190示出为处于冲模台板171之下。
图10为在顶出销161已推动成品片剂101a穿过冲模台板171后的同一组件的截面。这种直接将片剂置于泡罩中有助于防止在使用典型的装置如送料器时或通过将片剂倾倒进输送滚筒中时可能发生的破损。
在一个实施例中,在添加可流动粉末共混物之前将润滑剂添加至成形腔。该润滑剂可以是液体或固体。合适的润滑剂包括但是不限于:固体润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁、淀粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸铝和硬脂酸;或液体润滑剂,例如但是不限于西甲硅油、卵磷脂、植物油、橄榄油或矿物油。在某些实施例中,以片剂的重量计润滑剂以小于5%,例如小于2%,例如小于0.5%的百分比添加。在某些实施例中,疏水性润滑剂的存在可不利地损害片剂的崩解或溶出特性。在一个实施例中,片剂基本上不含疏水性润滑剂。疏水性润滑剂包括硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸铝。
射频加热片剂坯以形成片剂
射频加热通常指用频率为约1MHz至约100MHz的电磁场加热。在本发明的一个实施例中,RF能量在频率为约1MHz至约100MHz(例如约5MHz至50MHz,如约10MHz至约30MHz)的范围内。将RF能量用于加热粘合剂(例如,当可熔性粘合剂为RF可熔性粘合剂时的直接加热,或在可熔性粘合剂不为RF可熔性粘合剂而是通过粉末共混物内的可RF加热成分加热时的间接加热)。无论是制造口腔崩解片剂还是软咀嚼片剂,压实程度、可熔性粘合剂的类型和量以及所用的RF能量的量可决定片剂的硬度和/或类型。
RF能量发生器是本领域所熟知的。合适的RF发生器的例子包括但不限于COSMOS Model C10X16G4(Cosmos Electronic Machine Corporation,Farmingdale,NY)。
在一个实施例中,上成形工具和下成形工具起到电极的作用(例如,它们可操作地关联RF能量源),RF能量可通过其递送给片剂。在一个实施例中,在至少一个RF电极(例如,成形工具)和片剂坯之间存在直接接触。在另一个实施例中,在任何RF电极(例如,成形工具)和片剂坯之间没有接触。在一个实施例中,当添加RF能量时RF电极与片剂坯的表面直接接触。在另一个实施例中,在添加RF能量期间RF电极不接触(例如,距片剂坯表面1mm至约1cm)。
在一个实施例中,在片剂坯形成的同时递送RF能量。在一个实施例中,一旦片剂坯形成即递送RF能量。在一个实施例中,在已将片剂坯从冲模移出后递送RF能量。
在一个实施例中,施加RF能量持续足够的时间以软化和熔融基本上全部(例如,至少90%,如至少95%,如全部)的片剂坯内的粘合剂。在一个实施例中,施加RF能量持续足够的时间以软化和熔融仅片剂坯内的粘合剂的一部分(例如少于75%,如少于50%,例如少于25%),例如仅施加于片剂坯的一部分,如片剂坯的外部。
在本发明的备选实施例中,成形工具可被构造用于实现局部加热效果并且还可被构造用于定形在所述模具上产生的电场。图11A示出了一个这种构造。RF发生器200连接至RF电极板201和202。成形工具205和204由导电材料构造并且它们具有由电和RF能量绝缘性材料如陶瓷、Teflon、聚乙烯或高密度聚乙烯制成的附接物207和208。冲模台板203也由电和RF能量绝缘性材料构造。该构造在传导性成形工具之间产生较大距离而弱化电场,该电场有利于产生薄的片剂而无电弧形成的风险,电弧形成将会损坏产品和工具。图11B绘出了相似的构造,但带有各自具有容纳有插入物213和212的凹槽的成形工具210和211,所述插入物由电和RF能量绝缘性材料制成。该几何形状将会产生在插入物213和212所处区域发热较少的片剂,因为电场由于211和210的传导性部分之间的距离较大而较弱。图11C类似于图11B,仅几何形状相反使得由该构造形成的片 剂将在中心具有较大热效应,因为插入物216和217处于各自成形工具214和215的周边。图11D绘出了另一个实施例,其中冲模台板由导电性组件221和电绝缘组件222构造,电绝缘组件222由电和RF能量绝缘性材料制成。成形工具219和218是导电的,但成形工具218还含有在上成形工具218的接触片剂坯206的表面周围的第二电绝缘组件220。该构造产生电场和相关的冲模台板的传导性部分优先的加热区。
图12A类似于图11D,不同的是在该实施例中冲模台板233完全由导电材料构造。图12B和12C绘出了两个实施例,其中冲模台板包括各自的中心部分245和254,所述中心部分为导电的,并且各自的外部部分244/246和252/253由电和RF能量绝缘性材料制成。图12B还包括在下成形工具219的表面周围的绝缘组件220。图12D是另一实施例,其中成形工具263和262由电和RF能量绝缘性材料制成。冲模台板部分264和265由电和RF能量绝缘性材料制成,但有两个各自的导电部分267和266,所述导电部分连接至RF发生器电路200。在该构造中,电场在整个片剂坯206的水平方向上施加。
如上所述,成形工具的导电部分之间的距离对场强和加热效果具有强的影响。为了产生具有均匀加热和纹理的片剂,等间距构造的成形工具是所需的。图13A和13B绘出了这种构造。在该实施例中,示出了波形成形工具270和273来在冲模台板271内产生具有均一外观的片剂272。如尺度“X”所示,成形工具表面的轮廓是等距的。
图14A为其中不均匀加热用于制造片剂282的实施例。在该实施例中,产生了具有硬区域和软区域的片剂。成形工具280和281制备为在表面具有突起,在它们最靠近的地方(由尺度“Z”示出)产生高场强(从而导致较高加热),在它们更远离的地方(由尺度“Y”示出)产生较弱场强(从而导致较少加热)。
在一个实施例中,为了帮助减少粘性,使片剂在成形腔内冷却以使粘合剂冷却和/或固化。所述冷却可以是被动冷却(例如,在室温下)或主动冷却(例如,冷却剂再循环冷却)。当使用冷却剂再循环时,冷却剂可任选循环通过成形工具(例如冲头或冲头台板)内部的通道和/或冲模或冲模台板内部的通道(例如,如上面图6A和6B中所论述的)。在一个实施例 中,该方法使用具有多个冲模腔的冲模台板以及具有多个上下冲头的上和下冲头台板用于同时形成多片片剂,其中对所述台板进行主动冷却。
在一个实施例中,有单种粉末共混物形成片剂坯,然后用RF能量对其加热。在另一个实施例中,片剂由至少两种不同粉末共混物形成,至少一种粉末共混物为RF固化性的并且至少一种配制物不是RF固化性的。当以RF能量固化时,这种片剂坯产生两个或更多个不同的固化区。在一个实施例中,片剂坯的外部区域被固化,而该片剂坯的中间未固化。通过调节RF加热的焦点和RF电极的形状,可将递送至片剂坯的热量集中来在成品片剂上产生定制的较软或较硬区域。
在一个实施例中,将RF能量与第二热源组合,所述第二热源包括但不限于红外加热、感应加热或对流加热。在一个实施例中,添加第二热源尤其可用于粉末共混物中存在的第二非RF可熔性粘合剂。
微波加热片剂坯以形成片剂
在一个实施例中,使用微波能量替代射频能量来制造剂型(例如片剂)。微波能量通常指用频率为约100MHz至约300GHz的电磁场加热。在本发明的一个实施例中,微波能量在约500MHz至约100GHz(例如,约1GHz至50GHz,如约1GHz至约10GHz)的频率范围内。将微波能量用于加热粘合剂(例如当可熔性粘合剂对微波能量敏感时(“微波可熔性粘合剂”)直接加热或当可熔性粘合剂不是微波可熔性粘合剂而是通过粉末共混物内的微波可熔性成分加热时间接加热)。在这样一个实施例中,将微波能量源和微波电极用于用来制造剂型的机器中。
片剂坯内的插入物
在一个实施例中,在递送RF能量之前将插入物掺入片剂坯中。例子包括固体压制形式或填充有液体组合物的珠。这种插入物的掺入在图3A-3G中绘出。
在一个实施例中,药物活性剂是以凝胶珠的形式,其为液体填充的或半固体填充的。凝胶珠作为粉末共混物的一部分添加。在一个实施例中,本发明的片剂具有不使用强压实步骤的附加优点,从而允许使用是可变形的液体或半固体填充的粒子或珠,因为它们在低压压实步骤后将不会破裂。这些珠壁可含有胶凝物质如:明胶;结冷胶;黄原胶;琼脂;刺槐豆 胶;角叉菜胶;聚合物或多糖例如但不限于藻酸钠、藻酸钙、羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和普鲁兰;聚环氧乙烷;和淀粉。珠壁还可含有增塑剂如甘油、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油三乙酸酯、柠檬酸三乙酯和柠檬酸三丁酯。药物活性剂可溶解、悬浮或分散于填料材料中,所述填料材料为例如但不限于高果糖玉米糖浆、糖、甘油、聚乙二醇、丙二醇或油,所述油为例如但不限于植物油、橄榄油或矿物油。
在一个实施例中,插入物基本上无RF吸收成分,在该情形中施加RF能量导致插入物本身没有显著加热。在其它实施例中,插入物含有多种成分并在暴露于RF能量后被加热,因而这种插入物可用于软化或熔融可熔性粘合剂。
多层片剂
在某些实施例中,片剂包括至少两个层,例如具有不同类型和/或浓度的粘合剂和/或其他成分或不同浓度的药物活性剂的至少两个层。这样一个实施例在图2A-2D中示出。在一个实施例中,片剂包括两个层,一个层具有口腔崩解性质,另一个层是可咀嚼的或可吞咽的。在一个实施例中,一个层具有可熔性粘合剂,另一层不具有可熔性粘合剂。在一个实施例中,一个层相对于另一个层以较高压实力压实。在一个实施例中,两个层均含有相同量的可熔性粘合剂,但具有不同量的药物活性剂和/或其他赋形剂。在一个实施例中,两个层的所有性质均相同但两个层的颜色不同。
泡腾对
在一个实施例中,粉末共混物还含有一种或多种泡腾对。在一个实施例中,泡腾剂对含有选自碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钙、碳酸镁和碳酸钠的一个成员,和选自柠檬酸、苹果酸、富马酸、酒石酸、磷酸、藻酸的一个成员。
在一个实施例中,泡腾对在粉末共混物/片剂中的合并量为粉末共混物/片剂总重量的约2至约20重量%,如约2至约10重量%。
口腔崩解片剂
在一个实施例中,片剂设计为当置于舌头上时会在少于约60秒(例如少于约45秒,例如少于约30秒,例如少于约15秒)的时间内在口中崩解。
在一个实施例中,所述片剂符合2007年4月出版的《食品和药品管理指南草案》(draft Food and Drug Administration guidance)所定义的口腔崩解片剂(ODT)的标准。在一个实施例中,该片剂符合包括下述标准的适用于口腔崩解片剂的双重定义:1)该固体片剂为含有药用物质并且在置于舌头上时快速地,通常在几秒内崩解的片剂,和2)被视为在口腔中快速崩解的固体口服制剂,其在根据美国药典(USP)用于一种或多种特定药用物质的崩解测试方法测试时,体外崩解时间为大约30秒或更短。
另外的可食用部分
在一个实施例中,紧邻另一可食用形式包含该片剂。在一个实施例中,所述可食用形式为在压实和/或RF加热步骤过程中保持粉末共混物的硬糖或压制环。
在一个实施例中,外部硬糖形式可用冲压成型轧制、拧成绳状并随后切割和压印以及沉积到模具中制成。硬糖部分包含一种或多种选自异麦芽酮糖醇、蔗糖、右旋糖、玉米糖浆、乳糖醇和麦芽糖醇(lycasin)的糖。在一个实施例中,硬糖部分含有至少50重量%(如至少75重量%,如至少90重量%)的一种或多种此类糖。
在一个实施例中,外部可食用形式含有药物活性剂,内部片剂含有外部可食用形式中的相同药物活性剂的第二部分。在一个实施例中,外部可食用形式含有药物活性剂,内部片剂含有不同于外部可食用形式中的药物活性剂的药物活性剂。在一个实施例中,外部可食用形式以内部片剂速率的至少10倍,如至少20倍的速率崩解。第一和第二部分可以相同或不同。
在一个实施例中,具有外部可食用形式和内部片剂的片剂包覆有即释型糖衣或膜包衣。在一个实施例中,为了生产这种片剂,在熔融(加热)和随后冷却片剂之后的步骤将涉及在包衣锅中进行另外的糖或膜包衣。
片剂坯/片剂的硬度/密度
在一个实施例中,制备片剂使得该片剂相对较软(例如,能在口中崩解或能咀嚼)。在一个实施例中,片剂的硬度优选低于约133.4MPa(3千磅/平方厘米(kp/cm2))(例如,低于约89.0MPa(2kp/cm2),如低于约44.5MPa(1kp/cm2))。
硬度是本领域中用于描述径向断裂强度的术语,是通过常规的药物硬度测试设备,例如Schleuniger硬度测试仪测量的。为了比较所有不同尺寸片剂的值,必须针对断裂面积将断裂强度进行归一化。这种归一化的值(以MPa(kp/cm2)表示)在本领域中有时候被称为片剂抗拉强度。片剂硬度测试的综述性讨论可见于Leiberman等人,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms--Tablets,第2卷,第2版,Marcel Dekker Inc.,1990,第213-217、327-329页。
用于本发明片剂的更优选硬度测试依靠质构分析仪TA-XT2i,其配有直径为7毫米的平面探头,并且设定来以克为单位测量和记录压缩力。探头以0.05毫米/秒移动至2毫米的穿入深度。记录最大压缩力。在一个实施例中,根据本发明制备的片剂的力测量值低于10,000克(例如,低于约1000克,如低于约700克)。在一个实施例中,根据本发明制备的片剂的力测量值范围为约100克至约6000克,如约100克至约1000克,如约75克至约700克),偏差为±50克。在另一个实施例中,片剂的力测量值为低于700克。
在一个实施例中,所述片剂的密度低于约2g/cc(例如,低于约0.9g/cc,如低于约0.8g/cc,如低于约0.7g/cc)。在一个实施例中,压实步骤后粉末状材料的密度差异小于约40%(例如,小于约25%,如小于约15%)。
片剂包衣
在一个实施例中,片剂包括另外的外包衣(例如,半透明包衣如透明包衣)以帮助限制片剂的脆碎度。半透明包衣的合适材料包括但不限于:羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇混合物和共聚物,以及它们的混合物。本发明的片剂可包含总片剂的约0.05至约10重量%,或约0.1至约3重量%的包衣。
剂型的表面处理
在一个实施例中,进一步用能量(例如,对流、红外线或RF能量)处理剂型坯和/或剂型(例如片剂坯和/或片剂)的表面以软化或熔融剂型表面上的材料,然后将其冷却或让其冷却以进一步平滑纹理、增强剂型表面的光泽度、限制剂型的脆碎度和/或提供用于识别的标记。在一个实施例 中,将剂型的表面进一步暴露于红外线能量,其中这种红外线能量的波长的大部分(至少50%,如至少90%,如至少99%)为约0.5至约5微米,如约0.8至约3.5微米(例如,通过使用滤波器)。在一个实施例中,该红外线能量源为带有抛物面反射器(例如用于强化能量)和除去不需要的频率的滤波器的石英灯。这种红外线能量源的例子包括SPOT IR 4150(可从Research,Inc.(Eden Prairie,MN)商购获得)。
片剂的用途
可将片剂用作吞咽型、咀嚼型、口腔崩解型片剂来施用药物活性剂。
在一个实施例中,本发明涉及治疗疾病的方法,该方法包括经口施用上述片剂,其中该片剂包含一定量的对治疗该疾病有效的药物活性剂。此类疾病的例子包括但不限于:疼痛(如头痛、偏头痛、咽喉痛、绞痛、背痛和肌痛)、发烧、炎症、上呼吸道障碍(如咳嗽和充血)、感染(如细菌和病毒感染)、抑郁症、糖尿病、肥胖症、心血管障碍(如高胆固醇、高三甘油酯和高血压)、胃肠障碍(如恶心、痢疾、过敏性肠综合征和气胀)、睡眠障碍、骨质疏松和尼古丁依赖。
在一个实施例中,该方法用于治疗上呼吸道障碍,其中药物活性剂选自:去氧肾上腺素、西替利嗪、氯雷他定、非索非那定、苯海拉明、右美沙芬、氯苯那敏、氯苯达诺和伪麻黄碱。
在此实施例中,“单位剂量”通常附有给药说明,该说明指导患者根据例如该患者的年龄或体重服用一定量的药物活性剂,该量可以是多个该单位剂量。通常,单位剂量体积将含有对最小的患者而言在治疗上有效的量的药物活性剂。例如,合适的单位剂量体积可包括一片片剂。
实例
本发明的具体实施例通过以下实例来展示。本发明并不受限于这些实例中所示出的具体限制。
实例1:含有氯雷他定的粉末共混物的制造
含有表1成分的用于口腔崩解片剂的氯雷他定粉末共混物制备如下:
表1:氯雷他定粉末共混物配方
成分 | 克/批 | 毫克/片 |
一水右旋糖 | 45.18 | 120.0 |
氯雷他定 | 3.765 | 10.0 |
聚乙二醇40001 | 24.475 | 65.0 |
麦芽糖糊精2 | 15.062 | 40.0 |
红色着色剂 | 0.028 | 0.075 |
二甲基硅油DC1003 | 5.648 | 15.0 |
三氯蔗糖USP | 1.13 | 3.0 |
聚环氧乙烷 | 1.883 | 5.0 |
薄荷风味剂 | 2.824 | 7.5 |
总计 | 100 | 265.575 |
1:可从Clariant PF(Rothausstr,Switzerland)商购获得
2:可从National Starch(Bridgewater,NJ)商购获得
3:可从SPI Pharma(Wilmington,DE)商购获得
首先,将三氯蔗糖、着色剂和风味剂一起置于500cc可密封塑料瓶中。然后将该混合物手动颠倒共混大约2分钟。然后将所得的混合物、一水右旋糖、氯雷他定和聚环氧乙烷添加至另一500cc可密封塑料瓶并手动颠倒混合大约5分钟。然后将所得的混合物添加至行星碗形混合机,添加西甲硅油DC100并混合大约3分钟。最后,将聚乙二醇4000和麦芽糖糊精添加至该混合物并混合大约3分钟。
实例2:含有氯雷他定的口服崩解片剂的制造
将来自实例1的粉末共混物的一部分置于电绝缘特氟隆冲模台板的1/2英寸直径的成形腔中。然后将该粉末共混物在上下平面金属成形工具之间填压成与该成形工具的表面共形的坯。该填压压力通常在0.07至大约0.3Mpa(10至大约50psi)的压力之间。然后将该成形工具、冲模台板和片剂坯置于上RF电极和下RF电极之间,所述电极由使用COSMOS Model C10X16G4(Cosmos Electronic Machine Corporation,Farmingdale,NY)RF发生器的RF加热单元供给能量,该RF发生器输出功率为4KW、频率为27MHz,并且将真空电容器设定为140。用温度为57℃的循环水加热该成形工具。使上RF电极与上成形工具接触,下RF电极与下成形工具接触。给该RF加热单元通电2至5秒。然后用下成形工具将所得的片剂从冲模台板弹出。
实例3:含有苯海拉明的口腔崩解片剂的制造
含有表2的成分的用于口腔崩解片剂的苯海拉明粉末共混物制备如下。将来自表2中的配方的三氯蔗糖、黄色着色剂、风味剂、聚乙二醇和麦芽糖糊精通过20目筛网。将过筛的材料置于500cc塑料瓶中并与表2中其余的材料颠倒共混。将该粉末共混物置于成形腔中,填压,并如实例2中所述用RF能量活化大约2至5秒以形成口腔崩解片剂,随后从冲模台板移出。
表2:含有苯海拉明(DPH)的粉末共混物配方
成分 | 克/批 | 毫克/片 |
一水右旋糖 | 304.11 | 219.0 |
苯海拉明(带包衣)3 | 49.57 | 35.70 |
聚乙二醇80001 | 44.16 | 31.80 |
麦芽糖糊精2 | 88.46 | 63.70 |
黄色着色剂 | 0.78 | 0.56 |
橙风味剂 | 1.65 | 1.19 |
香草风味剂 | 2.21 | 1.59 |
三氯蔗糖USP | 1.11 | 0.80 |
无水柠檬酸USP | 7.96 | 5.73 |
总计 | 500.00 | 360.07 |
1:可从Clariant PF(Rothausstr,Switzerland)商购获得
2:可从National Starch(Bridgewater,NJ)商购获得
3:利用US 5,997,905中示出的方法,用醋酸纤维素和聚甲基丙烯酸酯涂覆的胶囊包封的苯海拉明,将该专利以引用的方式并入本文
实例4:含有一水右旋糖的口腔崩解片安慰剂的制造
含有表3的成分的用于口腔崩解片剂的安慰剂粉末共混物制备如下。将来自表3中的配方的三氯蔗糖、黄色着色剂、风味剂、聚乙二醇和麦芽糖糊精通过20目筛网。将过筛的材料置于500cc塑料瓶中并与表3中其余的材料颠倒共混。将该粉末共混物置于成形腔中,填压,并如实例2中所述用RF能量活化大约2至5秒以形成口腔崩解片剂,随后从冲模台板移出。
表3:粉末共混物配方
成分 | 克/批 | 毫克/片 |
一水右旋糖 | 283.04 | 255.0 |
聚乙二醇80001 | 35.30 | 31.80 |
麦芽糖糊精2 | 70.71 | 63.70 |
黄色着色剂 | 0.62 | 0.56 |
橙风味剂 | 1.32 | 1.19 |
香草风味剂 | 1.76 | 1.59 |
三氯蔗糖USP | 0.89 | 0.80 |
无水柠檬酸USP | 6.36 | 5.73 |
总计 | 400.00 | 360.37 |
1:可从Clariant PF(Rothausstr,Switzerland)商购获得
3:可从National Starch(Bridgewater,NJ)商购获得
实例5:含有赤藓醇的口服崩解片安慰剂的制造
含有表4的成分的用于口腔崩解片剂的安慰剂粉末共混物制备如下。将来自表4中的配方的三氯蔗糖、黄色着色剂、风味剂、聚乙二醇和麦芽糖糊精通过20目筛网。将过筛的材料置于500cc塑料瓶中并与表4中其余的材料颠倒共混。将该粉末共混物置于成形腔中,填压,并如实例2中所述用RF能量活化大约2至5秒以形成口腔崩解片剂,随后从冲模台板移出。
表4:含有赤藓醇的安慰剂粉末共混物配方
成分 | 克/批 | 毫克/片 |
可直接压制的赤藓醇3 | 212.28 | 255.0 |
聚乙二醇80001 | 26.47 | 31.80 |
麦芽糖糊精2 | 53.03 | 63.70 |
黄色着色剂 | 0.47 | 0.56 |
橙风味剂 | 0.99 | 1.19 |
香草风味剂 | 1.32 | 1.59 |
三氯蔗糖USP | 0.67 | 0.80 |
无水柠檬酸USP | 4.77 | 5.73 |
总计 | 300.00 | 360.37 |
1:可从Clariant PF(Rothausstr,Switzerland)商购获得
3:可从National Starch(Bridgewater,NJ)商购获得
4:可从Corn Products(Westchester,IL)商购获得
实例6:对比性压制可咀嚼安慰剂片剂的制造
含有表5的成分的用于对比性可咀嚼安慰剂片剂的安慰剂粉末共混物制备如下。在共混前将三氯蔗糖、黄色着色剂和风味剂通过20目筛网。将过筛的材料与表5中的配方中的其余材料共混并添加至500cc塑料瓶,颠倒共混大约3分钟并倒出。如下用两种不同的压缩力压制片剂:(a)在单工位手动Carver压机(可从Carver Press Corporation(Wabash,Indiana)商购获得)以6.86千牛顿(0.7公吨)压制片剂和(b)以2.45千牛顿(0.25公吨)压制片剂。以小量的压力施加给该配制物,片剂(b)是极其脆碎的和易脆的。
表5:用于压制片剂的安慰剂粉末共混物配方
成分 | 克/批 | 毫克/片 |
一水右旋糖 | 114.773 | 138.00 |
聚乙二醇40001 | 41.584 | 50.00 |
麦芽糖糊精2 | 35.763 | 43.00 |
蓝色着色剂 | 0.075 | 0.0907 |
黄色着色剂 | 0.153 | 0.1842 |
香草风味剂 | 1.830 | 2.20 |
三氯蔗糖USP | 1.248 | 1.50 |
薄荷风味剂1 | 4.574 | 5.50 |
总计 | 200 | 240.47 |
1:可从Clariant PF(Rothausstr,Switzerland)商购获得
3:可从National Starch(Bridgewater,NJ)商购获得
实例7:含有对乙酰氨基酚的对比性压制可咀嚼片剂的制造
含有表6的成分的用于可咀嚼片剂的安慰剂粉末共混物制备如下。在共混前将三氯蔗糖、黄色着色剂、风味剂和柠檬酸通过20目筛网。将过筛的材料与表6中的配方中的其余材料共混并添加至500cc塑料瓶,颠倒共 混大约3分钟并倒出。如下用两种不同的压缩力压制片剂:(a)在单工位手动Carver压机上以6.86千牛顿(0.7公吨)轻轻压制片剂和(b)以2.45千牛顿(0.25公吨)压制片剂。以小量的压力施加给该配制物,片剂(b)是极其脆碎的和易脆的。
表6:含有对乙酰氨基酚的粉末共混物配方
成分 | 克/批 | 毫克/片 |
一水右旋糖 | 32.284 | 94.00 |
对乙酰氨基酚(带包衣的)3 | 29.989 | 87.32 |
聚乙二醇40001 | 5.152 | 15.00 |
麦芽糖糊精2 | 20.607 | 60.00 |
黄色着色剂 | 0.120 | 0.35 |
橙风味剂 | 0.343 | 1.00 |
香草风味剂 | 0.515 | 1.50 |
三氯蔗糖USP | 0.343 | 1.00 |
交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5 | 2.061 | 6.00 |
聚环氧乙烷(WSR 303级)4 | 6.869 | 20.00 |
无水柠檬酸USP | 1.717 | 5.00 |
总计 | 100 | 291.17 |
1:可从Clariant PF(Rothausstr,Switzerland)商购获得
2:可从National Starch(Bridgewater,NJ)商购获得
3:利用US 4,851,226中示出的方法,用醋酸纤维素和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮涂覆的胶囊包封的对乙酰氨基酚,将该专利以引用的方式并入本文
4:可从DOW Corporation(Midland,MI)商购获得
5:可以Kollidon CL-M从BASF Corporation(Florham Park,NJ)商购获得
实例8:ODT和压制片剂的密度测量
测量来自实例3、4、5、6和7每一者的三片片剂来确定压制片剂和利用本发明的方法产生的片剂的密度。利用圆柱体的体积计算密度,用片剂的宽度和厚度除以各片剂的重量计算。
表8:片剂密度测量
实例 | 重量(mg) | 直径(mm) | 高度(mm) | 体积(mm3) | 密度(mg/mm3) |
实例3(1) | 379 | 13.13 | 5.00 | 677.0 | 0.560 |
实例3(2) | 403 | 13.10 | 4.97 | 669.9 | 0.602 |
实例3(3) | 409 | 13.03 | 4.87 | 649.4 | 0.630 |
实例4(1) | 347 | 12.90 | 4.85 | 633.9 | 0.547 |
实例4(2) | 416 | 12.97 | 4.96 | 655.3 | 0.635 |
实例4(3) | 398 | 13.06 | 4.95 | 663.1 | 0.600 |
实例5(1) | 419 | 12.90 | 5.38 | 703.2 | 0.596 |
实例5(2) | 397 | 13.15 | 5.32 | 722.5 | 0.549 |
实例5(3) | 352 | 12.87 | 5.00 | 650.5 | 0.541 |
实例6a(1) | 399 | 11.18 | 3.32 | 325.9 | 1.220 |
实例6a(2) | 372 | 11.16 | 3.06 | 299.3 | 1.240 |
实例6a(3) | 391 | 11.18 | 3.25 | 319.0 | 1.230 |
实例6b(1) | 433 | 11.20 | 4.27 | 420.7 | 1.030 |
实例6b(2) | 442 | 11.22 | 4.35 | 430.1 | 1.030 |
实例6b(3) | 404 | 11.18 | 3.93 | 385.8 | 1.050 |
实例7a(1) | 364 | 11.20 | 3.26 | 321.2 | 1.130 |
实例7a(2) | 328 | 11.18 | 2.94 | 288.6 | 1.140 |
实例7a(3) | 404 | 11.17 | 3.65 | 357.7 | 1.130 |
实例7b(1) | 413 | 11.25 | 4.66 | 463.2 | 0.890 |
实例7b(2) | 451 | 11.21 | 5.00 | 493.5 | 0.910 |
实例7b(3) | 437 | 11.22 | 4.82 | 476.6 | 0.920 |
如表8中所示,本发明的ODT片剂(实例3、4和5)具有范围为0.541-0.635mg/mm3的密度,而实例6和7的对比可咀嚼片剂具有范围为0.890-1.240mg/mm3的密度。因而,本发明的ODT片剂具有比较例的密度的大约一半的密度。
实例9:利用质构分析仪TA XT Plus的崩解测试
利用可从Texture Technologies(Scarsdale,NY)商购获得的质构分析仪TA XT Plus进行如下测试。该质构分析仪配备有TA-55探头,并设定探头速度为0.1mm/sec。
将单独的片剂置于5mm带刻度的圆筒中,并置于短轴上。将20克力通过5mm探头施加于片剂上。施加该力并添加大约10mL的25℃去离子水以覆盖片剂。分析随时间推移的力,分析了如下片剂:实例6a的片剂和实例3的片剂。本发明的片剂(实例3)在添加水后立即崩解,该崩解通过探头距离指示,该距离在10至20秒之间由0mm增加至大于1mm。来自实例6a的片剂(其代表可咀嚼片剂)在距离添加水84.30秒内崩解,该崩解通 过质构分析仪中斜率的改变来测量,其中实例3的片剂在距离添加水6.99秒内崩解。
应当了解,虽然已结合本发明的具体实施方式描述了本发明,但是前述描述旨在说明而非限制由随附权利要求书所限定的本发明的范围。其他方面、优点和修改均在权利要求书内。
Claims (21)
1.一种用于制备固体剂型的机器,所述机器包括:
(a)具有一个或多个成形腔的冲模台板,每个成形腔都具有内壁、位于所述冲模台板一侧表面上的第一开口,以及位于所述冲模台板相对侧表面上的第二开口;
(b)一个或多个第一成形工具,每个第一成形工具都适于穿过所述成形腔的所述第一开口移动进入所述成形腔中的一者;
(c)一个或多个第二成形工具,每个第二成形工具都适于移动邻近所述第二开口中的一者或穿过所述成形腔的所述第二开口移动进入所述成形腔中的一者;
(d)至少一个第一RF电极,其可操作地关联所述一个或多个第一成形工具、所述一个或多个第二成形工具或所述一个或多个成形腔的所述内壁;以及
(e)至少一个第二RF电极,其可操作地关联所述一个或多个第一成形工具、所述一个或多个第二成形工具或所述一个或多个成形腔的所述内壁;
其中所述机器适于在成形腔内于第一成形工具和第二成形工具之间形成剂型,并且其中所述第一RF电极和所述第二RF电极布置在所述机器内使得当在所述第一RF电极和所述第二RF电极之间传导RF能量时,所述RF能量通过所述成形腔内适于形成所述剂型的部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机器,其中所述机器还包括与所述第一RF电极和所述第二RF电极连通的RF能量源。
3.根据权利要求1所述的机器,其中所述第一RF电极可操作地关联所述一个或多个第一成形工具,所述第二RF电极可操作地关联所述一个或多个第二成形工具,并且所述成形腔的所述内壁的适于形成所述剂型的部分对所述RF能量绝缘。
4.根据权利要求3所述的机器,其中仅所述成形工具的表面的适于接触所述剂型的部分可操作地关联所述第一RF电极。
5.根据权利要求1所述的机器,其中所述第一RF电极可操作地关联所述一个或多个第一成形工具,而所述第二RF电极可操作地关联所述一个或多个成形腔的所述内壁的适于形成所述剂型的部分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的机器,其中所述第一RF电极可操作地关联所述一个或多个成形腔的所述内壁的适于形成所述剂型的第一部分,而所述第二RF电极可操作地关联所述一个或多个成形腔的所述内壁的适于形成所述剂型的第二部分。
7.根据权利要求1所述的机器,其中所述一个或多个第一成形工具和所述一个或多个第二成形工具被加热和/或所述冲模台板被加热。
8.根据权利要求1所述的机器,其中所述机器还包括适于将粉末共混物送料进所述一个或多个成形腔的送料器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的机器,其中所述机器还包括适于将粉末共混物添加进所述一个或多个成形腔的送料器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的机器,其中所述冲模台板包括至少六个所述成形腔。
11.一种使用根据权利要求1所述的机器制备固体剂型的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)添加粉末共混物进成形腔;
(b)使第一成形工具穿过所述成形腔的所述第一开口移动进入所述成形腔,使得所述粉末共混物在所述成形腔内于所述第一成形工具和所述第二成形工具之间成形为所述剂型的坯;
(c)在所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间传导RF能量,使得所述能量加热所述成形腔内的所述粉末共混物而形成所述剂型;以及
(d)从所述成形腔移出所述剂型。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述RF能量以1MHz至50MHz的频率传导。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中在传导所述RF能量时所述第一成形工具和所述第二成形工具不与所述剂型的所述成形坯接触。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述第一RF电极可操作地关联所述第一成形工具,所述第二RF电极可操作地关联所述第二成形工具,并且所述成形腔的所述内壁的适于形成所述剂型的部分对所述RF能量绝缘。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述第一RF电极可操作地关联所述第一成形工具,而所述第二RF电极可操作地关联所述成形腔的所述内壁的适于形成所述剂型的部分。
16.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中从送料器添加所述粉末共混物至所述一个或多个成形腔中的所述至少一者。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述成形工具中的一者将所述剂型从所述成形腔中移出。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述剂型在所述从所述成形腔中移出后被置于泡罩卡中。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述第二成形工具在所述成形腔内移动以调节添加至所述成形腔的粉末共混物的量。
20.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括添加第二粉末共混物至所述成形腔,其中所述第二粉末共混物与所述粉末共混物不同。
21.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中将所述片剂的表面进一步暴露于波长为0.5至5微米的红外线能量。
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CN201080053915.9A Expired - Fee Related CN102639120B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 用射频制造锭剂产品 |
CN201080053917.8A Expired - Fee Related CN102639121B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 可口腔转化的片剂 |
CN201080053911.0A Expired - Fee Related CN102762197B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 利用射频制造口香糖产品 |
CN201510464891.0A Pending CN105055349A (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 可口腔转化的片剂 |
CN201080051588.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102665692B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 利用射频能量和可熔性粘合剂在冲模中制造片剂 |
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CN2010800539125A Pending CN102639119A (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 具有即释区和缓释区的片剂的制备 |
CN201080053915.9A Expired - Fee Related CN102639120B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 用射频制造锭剂产品 |
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CN201080053911.0A Expired - Fee Related CN102762197B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 利用射频制造口香糖产品 |
CN201510464891.0A Pending CN105055349A (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 可口腔转化的片剂 |
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