CN1025739C - 制备接枝星形高聚物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及接技星形高聚物的制备方法,它包括在游离基聚合引发剂存在下使一种含氮的可聚合的有机极性化合物与一种星形高聚物相接触,特征在于反应是在一种矿物油溶剂和作为偶合抑制剂的,或者是一种链转移剂,电子给体或者是一种共聚用单体中进行,同时涉及由此方法制得的改性的氢化星形高聚物及其作为润滑油添加剂的应用。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备接枝氢化星形高聚物的改进方法以及含有制得的聚合物的润滑油组合物。
英国专利第1575507号说明书描述的氢化星形高聚物包含一个聚(聚链烯基偶合剂)核,此核具有许多由核向外延伸的、一种或多种共轭二烯的一组氢化聚合物链,也可以具有一种或多种单链烯基芳族化合物,其中聚链烯基偶合剂具有至少为两个的非共轭的链烯基并且没有卤素原子,该专利说明书还描述了这种高聚物的制备:
(a)在阴离子引发剂存在下使一种或多种共轭二烯,也可以是一种或多种单链烯基芳族化合物在溶液中聚合而形成一种活性高聚物,
(b)使此活性高聚物与至少按每摩尔活性高聚物为0.5摩尔聚链烯基偶合剂计的聚链烯基偶合剂反应形成星形高聚物,此链烯基偶合剂具有至少两个非共轭的链烯基并且没有卤素元素,
(c)将星形高聚物加氢而形成氢化星形高聚物。
欧洲专利第0029622号描述如何通过用含氮的、可聚合的有机化合物,特别是2-乙烯基吡啶或4-乙烯基吡啶的接枝来改进这种氢化星形高聚物的性质,以及在游离基引发剂存在下在惰性溶剂例如环己烷中,通过星形高聚物与含氮化合物相反应来制备这样的接枝产物。由申请人所作的进一步工作现已证实这种接枝反应能简单地在矿物油溶剂中进行,当使用某些添加剂以减少由含氮化合物的相互偶合趋向而引起的剪切损耗时还能获得特别有用的结果。
因此,本发明提供一种制备接枝星形高聚物的方法,它包括在游离基聚合引发剂的存在下使一种含氮的、可聚合的有机极性化合物与一种星形高聚物(如下文所定义)相接触,其特征在于反应是在一种矿物油溶剂和作为偶合抑制剂的、或者是一种链转移剂、π电子给体,或者是一种共聚用单体中进行。此处所用的术语“星形高聚物”是指包含带有如下聚合物臂的核的聚合物,聚合物臂是由(1)共轭二烯的氢化均聚物和氢化共聚物或(2)共轭二烯和单链烯基芳烃的氢化共聚物或(3)(1)和(2)的混合物组成的,并且其中至少约有80%的星形高聚物的脂族不饱和度已被加氢还原,而有少于20%的芳族不饱和度已被加氢还原。
星形高聚物的核优选的为聚(聚乙烯基芳族偶合剂),例如聚(二乙烯基苯),并且适当地带有4~25条、特别是5~10条聚合物臂。这些聚合物臂是由一种或多种的C4~C12的共轭二烯方便地衍生而成的,优选的是氢化聚丁二烯或氢化聚异戊二烯链,并且每条臂适宜具有5,000~150,000的数均分子量。
在本法中被接枝的星形高聚物通常是通过以下反应步骤制备的:
(1)在离子型引发剂存在下使一种或多种的共轭二烯进行溶液聚合,形成活性高聚物;
(2)使此活性高聚物与聚乙烯基芳族化合物,优选的是二乙烯基苯相反应以形成星形高聚物;和
(3)将星形高聚物氢化而形成氢化星形高聚物。
在第1575507号英国专利说明书中对此制备方法进行了详细的描述。
在上述方法的反应步骤(1)中所产生的活性高聚物是由聚乙烯基芳
核向外延伸的氢化聚合物链的前体。最好,每一聚合物臂是氢化聚异戊二烯均聚物。
在反应步骤(3)中被加氢的星形高聚物的分子量可在相当宽的范围内变化。然而,本发明的一个重要方面在于甚至当聚合物具有甚高分子量时仍可以制得具有良好的剪切稳定性的聚合物。生产最大分子量在约25,000~约1,250,000之间的星形高聚物是可能的。优选的分子量为100,000~600,000。最大分子量是通过以聚苯乙烯作标度物的凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定的。
在步骤(3)中,星形高聚物是通过任何合适的工艺加氢的。使至少为80%、优选的为约90%~约98%的起始烯属不饱和度被氢化是合适的。被氢化的芳族不饱和度的量,如果有的话,将取决于所用的加氢条件。然而,更好为少于20%,最好的为少于5%的这种芳族不饱和度被氢化。
氢化星形高聚物的分子量与未被氢化的星形高聚物的分子量相当。
可按英国专利说明书第1575507号中所述进行加氢,而优选的方法是英国专利第3595942号所描述的选择加氢法。在该法中,优选的是在与制备聚合物时相同的溶剂中进行氢化,使用一种包含烷基铝和镍或钴的羧酸盐或醇盐反应产物的催化剂。受偏爱的催化剂是由三乙基铝和辛酸镍所形成的反应产物。
然后通过任何方便的工艺,例如通过溶剂蒸发而从进行氢化的溶剂中回收固体形式的氢化星形高聚物。另一方面,可以将一种油,例如润滑油添加到溶液中,然后将溶剂从这样形成的混合物中挥发掉而产生一种提浓物,甚至当其中氢化星形高聚物的量超过10%时即能产生易于处理的提浓物。合适的提浓物含有10~25%重量的氢化
星形高聚物。
含氮的有机极性化合物最好是选自哌啶、吗啉、哌嗪、吡啶、吡咯烷酮、吡咯、苯并吡咯、喹啉、吲哚,它们均被链烯基取代,以及2-甲基乙烯基吡啶和N-乙烯基咪唑中的可聚合的含氮的杂环化合物。在这些极性化合物中,最优选的是2-乙烯基吡啶和4-乙烯基吡啶。
游离基引发剂可以是用作接枝聚合的游离基引发剂的已知化合物中的任一种,而叔丁基过氧化氢、过苯甲酸叔丁酯和二叔丁基过氧化物一般认为是合适的材料。矿物油反应介质优选的是高粘度指数矿物油,例如“HVI60”油-一种运动粘度(100℃)为4.73厘沲的商品油。
根据本发明而存在的偶合抑制剂是为了抑制会增加成品的剪切损失性的接枝趋向。这种趋向被认为主要是由于两个含氮的极性的星形分子(例如4-乙烯基吡啶)间的偶合副反应所造成的。合适的偶合抑制剂是链转移剂,即含活性氢原子的化合物如长链的烷基硫醇,特别是叔十二烷基硫醇;π电子给体分子例如茴香醚;或共聚用单体例如N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
被接枝到星形高聚物的含氮化合物之量(基于星形高聚物)合适的摩尔比为1~20%,优选的为2~12%,尤被优选的为4.5%,而偶合抑制剂的量取决于所选择的抑制剂的性质。在叔十二烷基硫醇的情况,其量为0.1~2%摩尔比,优选的为0.25~1.0%摩尔比;在茴香醚的情况,其用量稍高一些,,较为合适的如5~15%,优选的为9%摩尔比;在共聚用单体例如N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的情况,其量为1~10%特别为2~3%摩尔比是优选的。上述
所有各量均以星形高聚物为基准计。
制备接枝星形高聚物的方法可以在温度为70°~180℃下进行,但是最好是在110°~130℃之间进行,就最终产物的剪切损失特性而言,在120℃接枝会得到最佳结果。一个方便实用的解决短的反应时间(要求较高的反应温度)和令人满意的剪切损失特性(最佳的是在120℃)之间矛盾的折衷办法是在120℃进行初始反应(例如第一小时),接着逐渐加热到130℃(例如历时1~2小时),最终在130℃反应几小时。适当地选择游离基聚合引发剂的量以保持在星形高聚物上产生的必要接枝位置以及由此而产生的接枝链数目与接枝链长度之间的平衡,其量以聚合物为基准计一般合适的为1~10%摩尔比,通常为2.0%摩尔比。在某些情况,在整个反应过程中可以方便地逐步投入游离基引发剂和接枝单体。为了减少不符要求的副反应,反应最好是在惰性气氛中进行,常用的为氮气其压力为1巴(1×105帕)~50巴(5×105帕)之间,这要根据所用设备的限制来加以选择。
本发明的接枝聚合物作为起粘度指数改进剂作用的润滑油添加剂是特别有价值的。因此,本发明的另一个实施方案提供了一种润滑油组合物,该组合物包括少量的、合适的为0.15~20%重量的接枝星形高聚物。为了配方起见,掺入以含有5~50%重量的聚合物的润滑油提浓物形式的接枝聚合物是有利的。
在以下的实施例中对本发明作进一步的说明。在这些实施例中,例1~6供比较用。
实施例1
按照美国专利第4077893号所述的步骤制备星形高聚物,
它具有数均分子量为35,000并与二乙烯基苯(“Shellvis”200)相偶合的氢化聚异戊二烯臂。此星形高聚物被溶解在“HVI Brent 60”中而形成13.6%重量浓度的提浓物。
将2595克提浓物装到容积为5升的带有机械搅拌器、气体进口管、压力表、温度计和加热/冷却装置的不锈钢反应器中。
聚合物溶液被加热到90℃,在此期间以氮气置换空气,一俟反应器中的氧含量达到100ppm以下即将提浓物加热到120℃。将15.88克溶于“HVI-Oil Brent 60”中的4-乙烯基吡啶的20%重量浓度的无氧溶液添加到聚合物溶液中,经几分钟混合后接着添加由9.53克溶于“HVI-Oil 60”中的“TRIGONOX C”(商标名,相当于75%重量浓度的过苯甲酸叔丁酯的油溶液)的50%重量浓度的无氧溶液。继续加热和搅拌18小时以产生符合要求的作为在“HVI-Oil”反应介质中提浓物的接枝星形高聚物。
实施例2-6
使用类似于实施例1的程序制备另外一些产物,具体的反应条件改变如下:
实施例2 在130℃反应
实施例3 在110℃反应
实施例4 在120℃反应一小时
在120~130℃反应二小时
在130℃反应四小时
实施例5 在120℃反应,但是引发剂量减半
实施例6 在120℃反应,但是4-乙烯基吡啶和引发剂分
成二等份分别在0小时和3小时时添加
实施例7-11
按照实施例1的基本程序,但是根据本发明另外还使用偶合抑制剂。偶合抑制剂的性质和用量列于表1中。
表1还记录了每一实施例(实施例1-6供比较用)产物的有关性能参数,它们是在10W40油中配制成聚合物浓度为1.1%摩尔后测得的。为了供进一步比较用,实施例S指出由未接枝的氢化星形高聚物(商品名为“Shellvis”20)测得的各类似性质。
Claims (4)
1、一种制备接枝星形高聚物的方法,它包括在游离基聚合引发剂存在下在一种矿物油溶剂和作为偶合抑制剂的茴香醚或作为共聚用单体的N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮中使一种含氮的、可聚合的有机极性化合物与一种星形高聚物相接触,该高聚物包含带有如下聚合物臂的核:
(i)共轭二烯的氢化的氢化均聚物和氢化共聚物,
(ii)共轭二烯和单链烯基芳烃的氢化共聚物或
(iii)(i)和(ii)的混合物,其中至少约有80%的星形高聚物的脂族不饱和度已被加氢还原,而有少于20%的芳族不饱和度已被加氢还原。
2、如权利要求1所要求保护的方法,其中含氮的、可聚合的有机极性化合物是一种选自哌啶、吗啉、哌嗪、吡啶、吡咯烷酮、吡咯、苯并吡咯、喹啉、吲哚、它们均被链烯基取代,以及2-甲基乙烯基吡啶和N-乙烯基咪唑的含氮的杂环化合物,最好是2-乙烯基吡啶或4-乙烯基吡啶。
3、如权利要求1所要求的方法,其中游离基聚合引发剂是过苯甲酸叔丁酯或二叔丁基过氧化物。
4、如权利要求1所要求的方法,其中星形高聚物包含一个具有4-25条聚合物臂的聚(聚乙烯基芳)核,并且其数均分子量为25,000-1,250,000。
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DE4136617C2 (de) * | 1991-11-07 | 1997-08-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Füllmasse und deren Verwendung |
JP2001501653A (ja) * | 1996-09-24 | 2001-02-06 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 分散剤粘度指数改良剤 |
US6083888A (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 2000-07-04 | Shell Oil Company | Dispersant viscosity index improvers |
AUPP337298A0 (en) * | 1998-05-07 | 1998-05-28 | University Of Melbourne, The | Process for microgel preparation |
JP4920846B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-17 | 2012-04-18 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション | 潤滑油組成物のための分散剤−粘性改善剤 |
US6472353B1 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2002-10-29 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions |
US6548606B1 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-04-15 | Infineum International Ltd. | Method of forming grafted copolymers |
US7163913B2 (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2007-01-16 | Infineum International Limited | Viscosity index improvers for lubricating oil compositions |
EP2363454B1 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2018-09-26 | Infineum International Limited | Use of a lubricating oil composition |
US8999905B2 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2015-04-07 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant additive |
ES2657913T3 (es) | 2011-12-21 | 2018-03-07 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricación de motor marino |
EP2626405B1 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2015-05-27 | Ab Nanol Technologies Oy | Lubricant composition |
EP2695932A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2014-02-12 | Ab Nanol Technologies Oy | Grease composition |
EP2781587B1 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2019-02-13 | Infineum International Limited | Marine engine lubrication |
WO2015172846A1 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Ab Nanol Technologies Oy | Additive composition for lubricants |
US10011803B2 (en) | 2015-12-09 | 2018-07-03 | Infineum International Limited | Viscosity index improver concentrates |
US11505761B2 (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2022-11-22 | Exxon Mobil Technology and Engineering Company | Diluent oils for viscosity modifiers and additive packages |
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US3632683A (en) * | 1968-06-26 | 1972-01-04 | Texaco Inc | Synthetic resin containing vinylpyridine |
US3595942A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | 1971-07-27 | Shell Oil Co | Partially hydrogenated block copolymers |
FR2293485A1 (fr) * | 1974-12-03 | 1976-07-02 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Compositions lubrifiantes ameliorees par l'addition de copolymeres greffes |
GB1575507A (en) * | 1976-02-10 | 1980-09-24 | Shell Int Research | Hydrogenated star-shaped polymers and oil compositions thereof |
US4077893A (en) * | 1977-05-11 | 1978-03-07 | Shell Oil Company | Star-shaped dispersant viscosity index improver |
DE2835192C2 (de) * | 1978-08-11 | 1986-12-11 | Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt | Schmieröladditive |
EP0029622B1 (en) * | 1979-11-16 | 1984-07-25 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Modified hydrogenated star-shaped polymer, its preparation and a lubricating oil composition containing the polymer |
US4409120A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1983-10-11 | Shell Oil Company | Process for forming oil-soluble product |
US4490267A (en) * | 1982-12-31 | 1984-12-25 | Shell Oil Company | Preparation of a lubricating oil additive, an additive thus prepared _and a lubricating oil containing this additive |
GB2144431B (en) * | 1983-08-04 | 1987-03-11 | Shell Int Research | Hydrogenated modified star-shaped polymers |
CA1264880A (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1990-01-23 | John Brooke Gardiner | Viscosity index improver - dispersant additive useful in oil compositions |
GB8824037D0 (en) * | 1988-10-13 | 1988-11-23 | Shell Int Research | Modified dispersant v i improver |
US5073600A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-12-17 | Shell Oil Company | Dispersant viscosity index improvers |
-
1988
- 1988-12-22 GB GB888829896A patent/GB8829896D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-12-13 US US07/450,100 patent/US5141996A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-18 DE DE89203249T patent/DE68907581T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-18 EP EP89203249A patent/EP0377240B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-18 ES ES89203249T patent/ES2058485T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-20 RU SU894742722A patent/RU1788957C/ru active
- 1989-12-20 CA CA002006111A patent/CA2006111C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-20 AU AU47190/89A patent/AU629583B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-12-20 JP JP1330972A patent/JP2798454B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-20 CN CN89109811A patent/CN1025739C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-20 BR BR898906616A patent/BR8906616A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0377240B1 (en) | 1993-07-14 |
US5141996A (en) | 1992-08-25 |
JPH02214713A (ja) | 1990-08-27 |
CA2006111C (en) | 2000-10-17 |
CN1044104A (zh) | 1990-07-25 |
GB8829896D0 (en) | 1989-02-15 |
CA2006111A1 (en) | 1990-06-22 |
DE68907581D1 (de) | 1993-08-19 |
JP2798454B2 (ja) | 1998-09-17 |
BR8906616A (pt) | 1990-09-04 |
DE68907581T2 (de) | 1993-11-11 |
AU4719089A (en) | 1990-06-28 |
RU1788957C (ru) | 1993-01-15 |
AU629583B2 (en) | 1992-10-08 |
ES2058485T3 (es) | 1994-11-01 |
EP0377240A1 (en) | 1990-07-11 |
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