CN102522995A - Silicon-based integrated two-position binary electro-optical encoder - Google Patents
Silicon-based integrated two-position binary electro-optical encoder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electro-optical encoders, and discloses a silicon-based integrated two-position binary electro-optical encoder. The electro-optical encoder is realized by three micro-ring resonators (MRR) and three bent nanowire waveguides, wherein an input comprises four electric signals to be encoded and a continuous optical signal at a working wavelength; and an output result is an optical signal obtained by encoding the electric signal. The encoder can be used for finishing conversion between the electric signal and the optical signal, and the electric signal can be optically encoded. In the structure, each optical switch based on the micro-ring resonator is independent, and all the switches work in parallel at the same time; the encoding speed of the whole device is much quicker than that of an electric encoder. In the aspect of process, the conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technical process is used, so that the device has a small volume, low power consumption, high speed and high expandibility, is integrated with an electric element conveniently, and has a good application prospect in photon computers and optical communication networks.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric light encoder techniques field, relate in particular to a kind of two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders, this device is specially adapted in photonic computer in the future and the optical communication network.
Background technology
Existing computer is transmitted and process information by electronics.Along with the progress of semiconductor process techniques, transistorized size is more and more littler on the chip, and transistor size that can be integrated is more and more.Like this, CPU can obtain higher dominant frequency, and still, more the serious problems brought of high primary frequency are that power consumption sharply rises, and electric leakage and heat dissipation problem can't solve.From development two-forty computer, adopt electronics to do to transport information carrier and can not satisfy people the computer requirement of processing speed faster, improve the operational speed of a computer and also obviously show limited in one's ability.This that is to say the development of the microprocessor of realizing with IC regime, and the route that has been difficult to continue along Moore's Law is pointed out is gone on.And photonic computer with photon as the carrier that transmits information, the light interconnection replaces wire interconnects, replaces electronic hardware with optical hardware; Replace electric computing with optical operation; Utilize laser to transmit signal, and constitute integrated optical circuit, thereby carry out data operation, transmission and storage by optical fiber and various optical elements etc.; Thereby photonic computer shows more superior performance, has caused increasing scientific research personnel's attention.In photonic computer, the great advantage that realizes information processing photographically is that concurrency is high, and data throughout is big---this is by the physical attribute decision of light.Photonic computer can be realized parallel processing fast to the task that complexity is high, amount of calculation is big.Photonic computer will make arithmetic speed be the index rising on the basis at present.
The electric light encoder is a requisite element in the photonic computer.Traditional medium scale integrated circuit encoder generally is to adopt gate structure (like 8-3 line encoder), and this conventional coding device is owing to be to form with a plurality of gate circuit cascades, and all there is very big drawback in it at aspects such as power consumption, time-delay, volumes.Each micro-ring resonator was equivalent to a selector switch when electric light encoder that the present invention proposes was worked, and power consumption is relatively low.Aspect time-delay, all inputs of electric light encoder all walk abreast, and each input element is separate; And the computing of each arithmetic element is all carried out simultaneously; Final result form with light intensity in the light territory shows, and the time-delay that brings like this is very little, can ignore.The electric light coder structure is simple and can adopt modern technology to carry out large scale integration production, thereby makes its integration density very high, and the volume of individual devices is less.
Based on the encoder of integrated optics be easy to realize integrated on a large scale, power consumption is lower, volume is little, time-delay is little, speed is fast, possibly bring into play important effect in the high-performance treatments unit in photonic computer in the near future.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that (one) will solve
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders; To solve speed bottle-neck, power consumption, gate delay and the problems such as competition that brings by gate delay and risk in traditional electricity encoder; Being desirably in the purpose that in the future photonic computer and photometry plays a significant role in calculating, and utilize modern technology to keep small size, low-power consumption and the low cost of device.
(2) technical scheme
For achieving the above object; The invention provides a kind of two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders; These two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders are realized by the micro-ring resonator of three different structures; Wherein the input of four signals of telecommunication is the sequence of electricity logical value to be encoded, and output is the optical signal sequence behind the coding.
In the such scheme, this electric light encoder adopts the silicon-on-insulator material preparation, and elementary cell is the micro-ring resonator of band heat modulation mechanism or electrical modulation mechanism.Under the less demanding situation of signal transmission rate (below million magnitudes), generally adopt the heat modulation.Heat is modulated at and is easy on the technology realize.Need adopt electrical modulation in high speed (lucky magnitude) transmission system, still, than the heat modulation, the technology of electrical modulation is complicated a little.
In the such scheme, said micro-ring resonator comprises the micro-ring resonator of three kinds of different structures: first kind, by two mutual Uncrossed waveguides and the micro-ring resonator that disc waveguide constitutes; Second kind, by three mutual Uncrossed waveguides and the micro-ring resonator that disc waveguide constitutes with three coupled zones, the third, the micro-ring resonator of the chi structure that constitutes by two cross one another waveguides and disc waveguide.One predetermined coupling distance is all arranged between disc waveguide in the micro-ring resonator of these three kinds of structures and the corresponding straight wave guide.
In the such scheme; This electric light encoder realizes that the signal of telecommunication to the cataloged procedure of light signal is: device has the continuous laser (this wavelength becomes operation wavelength) of a port input specific wavelength; When the combination of electrical signal of input is 1000; Then do not have micro-ring resonator resonance (MRR1 is virtual micro-ring resonator), do not have light output, promptly export optical signalling and be combined as 00 at the output of optics; When the electrical signal combination of input is 0100, micro-ring resonator MRR2 resonance then, the Y2 port has light output, and the Y1 port does not have light output, and promptly the optical signal set of output is combined into 01; When the electrical signal of input is combined as 0010, micro-ring resonator MRR3 resonance then, Y1 port have light output, and the Y2 port does not have light output, and promptly the optical signal set of output is combined into 10; When the electrical signal of input is combined as 0001, micro-ring resonator MRR4 resonance then, Y1 and Y2 port all have light output, and the optical signal set of promptly exporting is combined into 11.Like this we just two light signal output ends of device obtain one be added in four corresponding optical signal sequences of modulation signal sequence on little ring; Electrical signal sequence have four kinds of different combinations states (these four kinds of different combinations states are 1000,0100,0010; 000 1) light signal of output also has four kinds of different combinations states corresponding one by one with it (the optics output has light output to represent with logic ' 1 '; Unglazed output is with logic ' 0 ' expression, and then having four kinds of different state at the optics output is respectively 00,01; 10; 1 1), thereby this device has just been accomplished the coding of 4 electrical signal to 2 optical signallings, and this also is the object of the invention place.
In the such scheme, four electrical signal sequences to be encoded (being added in four signals of telecommunication on little ring respectively) need accurately alignment in time, i.e. precise synchronization in time.Under the high speed operation pattern, need carry out the analysis and the simulation of special design and electromagnetic compatibility aspect to electrode.
In the such scheme, said optical signal sequence can transmit the direct next stage that gets in optical fiber handles.
(3) beneficial effect
Can find out that from technique scheme the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders provided by the invention have utilized the electric light encoder of the natural characteristic realization of light to replace traditional electricity encoder, thereby can realize the information processing of high-speed high capacity.Utilize ready-made technology, make device volume little, low in energy consumption, favorable expandability, be convenient to electricity component integrated, with the expectation the present invention in photonic computer, play an important role.
2, two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders provided by the invention use this device can accomplish the signal of telecommunication and can carry out optical encoding to the signal of telecommunication simultaneously to the conversion of light signal.Each optical switch based on micro-ring resonator all is independently in this structure; And all switches all are concurrent workings simultaneously; This time-delay that just means each switch can't accumulate; And finally the result of coding exports at the optics output with the form of the light velocity, so the coding rate of entire device is relative and the electricity encoder wants a lot of soon.At process aspect, it utilizes ready-made CMOS technology, makes device volume little, and low in energy consumption, speed is fast, and favorable expandability is convenient to electricity component integratedly, in photonic computer and optical communication network, good application prospects is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is two mutual Uncrossed micro-ring resonator structures of forming with a disc waveguide (MRR) of leading, and we are referred to as the micro-ring resonator of parallel construction.For the flashlight (satisfying the flashlight of condition of resonance) of importing some specific wavelength at input (1); Thereby this flashlight can be downloaded by micro-ring resonator and download end (3) output, is leading directly to end (2) output for what other flashlight (not satisfying the flashlight of condition of resonance) can be had no effect.
Fig. 2 is three mutual Uncrossed waveguides and the micro-ring resonator (MRR) with three coupled zones that disc waveguide constitutes, and we are referred to as the micro-ring resonator of three coupled zones.For the flashlight (satisfying the flashlight of condition of resonance) of importing some specific wavelength at input (1); Thereby this flashlight can be downloaded by micro-ring resonator and download end (3) and download end (4) output, exports at straight-through end (2) for what other flashlight (not satisfying the flashlight of condition of resonance) can be had no effect.
Fig. 3 is the micro-ring resonator of the chi structure of two cross one another waveguides and a disc waveguide formation.For the flashlight (satisfying the flashlight of condition of resonance) of importing some specific wavelength at input (1); Thereby this flashlight can be downloaded by micro-ring resonator and download end (3) and download end (4) output, exports at straight-through end (2) for what other flashlight (not satisfying the flashlight of condition of resonance) can be had no effect.
Fig. 4 is used for MRR is carried out tuning electrode structure, on electrode, applies voltage, thereby through producing heat or changing the resonance wavelength that group index that carrier concentration in the material changes disc waveguide changes MRR, realizes dynamic filter.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of silicon-based integrated two binary system electric light encoders, and port input is the input of continuous laser signal, and Y1, Y2 are respectively the output of light signal, and four signals of telecommunication to be encoded are added in respectively on four little rings.
Embodiment
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, to further explain of the present invention.
The invention discloses a kind of two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders, its basic structure is the optical switch based on micro-ring resonator, adopts the silica-based nanowire waveguide fabrication.This electric light encoder constitutes (be four disc waveguides in theory, one of them disc waveguide is virtual) by three disc waveguides and three curved waveguides, and it has four signals of telecommunication and a continuous light signal input that is in operation wavelength, and output is light signal.Suppose micro-ring resonator resonance when the modulation voltage that is added on little ring is high level; Micro-ring resonator resonance not during low level; Then can obtain the optical encoding of four electricity input signals, thereby this device has just been accomplished the function of two binary system electric light codings at the output of light signal.
Basic structure of the present invention is micro-ring resonator, adopts silica-based integrating nanowires waveguide fabrication.This electric light encoder is made up of the micro-ring resonator of three kinds of different structures, and it has four signal of telecommunication inputs to be encoded and a continuous light input that is in operation wavelength, and output is the optical signal sequence after four electrical signal sequences are encoded.The light signal of output can transmit the information processing that directly gets into next stage in optical fiber.
The present invention is based on silicon-based integrated micro-ring resonator structure, can adopt SOI, SIN, III-V family material to realize.The electric light encoder that the present invention proposes is based on the realization of SOI material, and its outstanding advantage is; Process aspect and CMOS technology are compatible, thereby can utilize ready-made CMOS technology, make device volume little, and is low in energy consumption, and favorable expandability is convenient to electricity component integrated.Why the silicon-based integrated electric light encoder that the present invention proposes has these advantages, in close relations with material properties and device operation principle that it adopts.
At first, aspect material, what the present invention adopted is silicon (Silicon-On-Insulator, SOI) material on the dielectric substrate.SOI is meant at SiO
2Growth one deck has certain thickness monocrystalline silicon thin film on the insulating barrier, and its technology is compatible with the CMOS technology of microelectronic extensive use now.The silicon waveguide that utilizes the SOI material to process, its sandwich layer are Si (refractive index are 3.45), and covering is SiO
2(refractive index is 1.44); The refringence of covering and sandwich layer is very big like this; So this waveguide to the limitation capability of light field force very much its bending radius can be very little (the existing at present bending radius based on the waveguide of SOI material bending reaches 1.5 microns report); Thereby make the area of device very little, on chip piece, can produce a plurality of devices.The conventional waveguide device is (like LiNbO
3) bending radius generally in millimeter even centimetre magnitude, taken chip area greatly, can only put next device usually on the chip piece.
Secondly, aspect device, elementary cell of the present invention is the micro-ring resonator based on the silica-based nanowire waveguide, and it is a kind of diverse in function, and superior performance is in recent years by the integrated optical element of broad research.Utilize the micro-ring resonator structure can realize a lot of optical information processing such as light buffer memory, optical modulator, optical filter, optical add/drop multiplexer, optical logic gate and the used functional part of optical communication.Because the radius of disc waveguide can be as small as 1.5 microns, its device architecture is very compact, can realize that the device high density is integrated, and the loss when reducing the discrete device coupling reduces the packaging cost of device simultaneously.
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and micro-ring resonator (MRR) shown in Figure 3 are elementary cells of the present invention.These three kinds of MRR structures respectively have characteristics, thereby utilize these three kinds basic MRR structure networkings easily to form the device with various functions.
Below through analyzing the transmission course of light signal in MRR shown in Figure 1, its operation principle of brief description (straight wave guide between 1,2 ports is called a, and the straight wave guide between 3,4 ports is called b):
Putative signal light is from input 1 input, and when flashlight during through coupled zone (scope at straight wave guide and the nearest place of curved waveguide), flashlight is coupled into through evanscent field coupling meeting and encircles in a subtle way, for satisfying condition of resonance (m * λ=N
gThe flashlight of * 2 π * R) can be downloaded by micro-ring resonator, and flashlight is exported at straight-through end 2 for the coupled zone of pass through that the flashlight that does not satisfy condition of resonance will be had no effect from downloading end 3 outputs.We are referred to as to upload end for port 4, and this micro-ring resonator is a symmetrical structure, so if flashlight from uploading end 4 inputs, its principle is the same with flashlight from input 1 input, no longer repeats here.For the MRR of three coupled zone structures of Fig. 2 and the operation principle of Fig. 1 is the same; Just when micro-ring resonator resonance, downloading end 3 and 4 for two of the MRR of Fig. 2 all has light output, and the ratio of the luminous power of its output can be confirmed through the coupling distance of disc waveguide and straight wave guide; Theoretically; This structure is equivalent to one 1 * 2 power beam splitter when the micro-ring resonator resonance condition, at micro-ring resonator not during resonance, light signal directly through the coupled zone in straight-through end 2 outputs.For the micro-ring resonator of Fig. 3 chi structure, its operation principle is to be the same with the micro-ring resonator of parallel construction, corresponding Fig. 1 and Yan Qiduo an intersection, brought certain crosstalking and loss, but aspect networking, Fig. 3 is more convenient.
Last surface analysis be the quiescent operation characteristic of MRR, promptly MRR can make road under some wavelength signals (satisfying the wavelength of condition of resonance) regularly, some wavelength signals leads directly to (not satisfying the wavelength of condition of resonance).During real work, need MRR resonance wavelength dynamic adjustable (being dynamic filter) to realize complicated more function.Through top condition of resonance formula (m * λ=N
g* 2 π * R) can see will regulate resonance wavelength to realize dynamic filter, and the physical quantity that can change has the radius R and the group index N thereof of disc waveguide
gThe former just decides after technology is accomplished, and can't regulate.So can only be through regulating the group index N of disc waveguide
g, change the resonance wavelength of MRR.Group index is relevant with the refractive index of material, changes with the variations in refractive index of material.Thereby the refractive index that we can take two kinds of methods to change material changes the group index of material: the one, through to material heating (concrete way is thermoae as heating through MOCVD deposit layer of metal in the silicon waveguide, then to thermoae two ends making alive) thus the temperature that changes material changes the refractive index of material that is to say so-called thermo-optic effect.The 2nd, inject the refractive index (electro optic effect) that changes material through charge carrier.Generally in High Speed System, adopt electro optic effect.The present invention mainly is an operation principle of utilizing thermo-optic effect funerary objects spare.Thereby we through thermoae to silicon waveguide heat the light signal that the refractive index that changes material can Dynamic Selection need download and need straight-through light signal, make light signal downloading end output or to export down in dynamic control at straight-through end.
Shown in Figure 4 is the heat modulation mechanism of MRR, powers up back metal electrode heating, and thermal field conducts to waveguide, the temperature of waveguide is changed, the group index N of disc waveguide
gChange, the resonance wavelength of MRR changes thereupon.Certainly, also can realize the tuning of MRR through electro optic effect, electro-optical tuning is suitable for the high occasion of modulation rate requirement.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of silicon-based integrated two binary system electric light encoders.Hit laser signal (CW) continuously what light signal input input input was in operation wavelength, thereby respectively four little rings are added the resonance wavelength (wherein MRR1 be virtual micro-ring resonator) of modulation voltage to the little ring of little ring heating the change then.Resonance when if little ring is high level at modulation voltage, when then modulation voltage was high level, light signal will be from downloading end output, and when modulation voltage was low level, light signal will be from straight-through end output.High level is with logic ' 1 ' expression, and low level is with logic ' 0 ' expression, and for light signal: have light output to represent with logic ' 1 ', unglazed output is represented with logic ' 0 '.Four micro-ring resonators are used MRR1 (virtual) respectively, and MRR2, MRR3 and MRR4 represent (marking on the device architecture sketch map).Through above definition, can obtain by the structural representation of device: for four kinds of various combination states (1 000,0100 of four electrical signal; 0010,000 1) there are four kinds of different optics to make up (0 0; 01,10,1 1) state is corresponding one by one with it.Principle is following: when electrical signal is 1000 (the first, two, three; Four logical values represent to be added in MRR1 respectively, MRR2, the level on MRR3 and the MRR4) MRR2; MRR3 and MRR4 be resonance not; Optics output port Y1 and Y2 do not have light output, so the assembled state of light signal output end mouth is 00,1000 of electrical signal are just represented by 00 of optical signalling like this.In like manner can get for other three states.The present invention has just accomplished the function of two binary system electric light codings like this.Its logic true value table is following:
| I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | Y1 | Y2 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Combination Fig. 5 has explained the coding that how to utilize two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders to accomplish four electrical signal to two optical signallings above.From top truth table, two binary system electric light encoding functions that we can see the present invention more clearly and are had.
Need to prove: in the device course of work, four electrical signal to be encoded in time must precise synchronization.In High Speed System, need reach synchronous requirement through special electrode design, special placement-and-routing and electromagnetic compatibility analysis.
Above-described specific embodiment; The object of the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further explain, and institute it should be understood that the above is merely specific embodiment of the present invention; Be not limited to the present invention; All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders; It is characterized in that; This electric light encoder is realized by the nano wire waveguide of three micro-ring resonator MRR and three bendings; Wherein input is four signals of telecommunication to be encoded and a continuous light signal that is in the operating wave strong point, and the result of output is to the light signal behind the electrical signal coding.
2. two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; This optical encoder adopts the silicon SOI material preparation on the insulator, and elementary cell is the optical switch element based on micro-ring resonator of band heat modulation mechanism or electrical modulation mechanism.
3. two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Said micro-ring resonator comprises the micro-ring resonator of three kinds of different structures: first kind, and the micro-ring resonator of the parallel ring structure that constitutes by two mutual Uncrossed waveguides and disc waveguide; Second kind, by three straight wave guides and the micro-ring resonator that disc waveguide constitutes with three coupled zones; The third has the micro-ring resonator of the chi structure that two cross one another straight wave guides and disc waveguide constitute; One predetermined coupling distance is all arranged between disc waveguide in the micro-ring resonator of these three kinds of structures and the corresponding straight wave guide.
4. two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the micro-ring resonator of three different structures in this electric light encoder has a predetermined distance each other.
5. two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; This electric light encoder is used to realize the optical encoding of two binary system electrical signal; The process of its coding is: device has the continuous laser of an optical port input particular job wavelength, and four signals of telecommunication to be encoded act on four micro-ring resonators respectively, have one to be virtual micro-ring resonator in these four micro-ring resonators; When the definition signal of telecommunication was high level, micro-ring resonator was in resonance condition, and when the signal of telecommunication was low level, micro-ring resonator was in the disresonance state; This electric light encoder is a common encoder rather than a priority encoder; And effective when this electric light encoder is high level to incoming level, and have this electric light encoder during for high level could operate as normal in its and if only if four signals of telecommunication, so these four signals of telecommunication have only four kinds of different assembled state to be encoded (1000; 0100; 0010,0001), the light signal output end at the electric light encoder obtains and the corresponding optical encoding of the signal of telecommunication of these four kinds of various combination states; Thereby this device is just accomplished two binary electric light codings, and the result of its coding is with the form performance of light.
6. two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Four signals of telecommunication to be encoded are following to the type of action of separately micro-ring resonator: when the modulation signal on being added in little ring is logical zero; Micro-ring resonator is at operating wave strong point resonance not, and light signal is straight-through; When the modulation signal on being added in little ring was logical one, micro-ring resonator was on operating wave strong point resonance, road under the light signal.
7. two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders according to claim 1 is characterized in that the logical value of four signals of telecommunication to be encoded will accurately be alignd in time, and each logical value is precise synchronization in time.
8. two silicon-based integrated binary system electric light encoders according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said light signal transmits the direct next stage that gets into and carries out optical information processing in optical fiber.
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| CN104238233A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-24 | 兰州大学 | Reconfigurable guiding logic device based on multiple-wavelength single-waveguide multiple-ring cascade structure |
| CN104503184A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-08 | 兰州大学 | Micro-ring resonator-based novel four-line to two-line electro-optical priority encoder |
| CN104865772A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-08-26 | 兰州大学 | Three-valued optical reversible logic device based on microring resonators |
| CN105071893A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 天津大学 | Novel large user capacity optical code division multiple access codec |
| CN106301381A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-01-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Electric light 3-8 decoder |
| CN115143947A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-10-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | Integrated optical transceiving component for triaxial fiber-optic gyroscope |
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| CN104238233A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-24 | 兰州大学 | Reconfigurable guiding logic device based on multiple-wavelength single-waveguide multiple-ring cascade structure |
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| CN106301381B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2019-07-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Electric light 3-8 decoder |
| CN104865772A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-08-26 | 兰州大学 | Three-valued optical reversible logic device based on microring resonators |
| CN104865772B (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-07-18 | 兰州大学 | A kind of three value optics reversible logic devices based on micro-ring resonator |
| CN105071893A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 天津大学 | Novel large user capacity optical code division multiple access codec |
| CN115143947A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-10-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | Integrated optical transceiving component for triaxial fiber-optic gyroscope |
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Application publication date: 20120627 |