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CN102495030B - Device and method for measuring homologous dual-target transmission visibility - Google Patents

Device and method for measuring homologous dual-target transmission visibility Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102495030B
CN102495030B CN 201110419779 CN201110419779A CN102495030B CN 102495030 B CN102495030 B CN 102495030B CN 201110419779 CN201110419779 CN 201110419779 CN 201110419779 A CN201110419779 A CN 201110419779A CN 102495030 B CN102495030 B CN 102495030B
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camera
camera bellows
optical
bellows
brightness value
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CN102495030A (en
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毛节泰
马舒庆
杨玲
毕务忠
蔡青
王中科
甄小琼
杜传耀
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CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
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Abstract

The invention relates to a device for measuring homologous dual-target transmission visibility, which comprises a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit and a target unit; the data processing unit is a computer for filtering an acquired image and capable of operating data parameters; the target unit comprises a first camera bellows, a second camera bellows, an LED (Light Emitting Diode) light source, an optical splitter and optical fibres; both the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows are provided with two channel empty cavities which are same in shape, wherein one channel empty cavity is a bright cavity; the other channel empty cavity is a black cavity; the LED light source is split into two beams of light through the two optical fibres in the optical splitter; the two optical fibres are respectively put in the bright cavity of the first camera bellows and the bright cavity of the second camera bellows; and both a bright cavity port and a black cavity port are within a lens visual field of a camera. The device disclosed by the invention is smart in design, small in volume, low in manufacture cost, simple for installation, easy for operation, free from special maintenance cost and convenient for popularization and application. The device can also be used even in special weathers, such as a rainy day, a foggy day and the like.

Description

Homologous dual-target transmission visibility device and measuring method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the visibility detection field, relate to a kind of devices and methods therefor of measuring visibility.
Background technology
Atmospheric visibility occupies an important position in Modern Traffic, the communication technology, enjoy people's concern always, development along with transportation network, the particularly development of highway, water transport, aircraft industry, need to carry out Real-Time Monitoring to atmospheric visibility, accurately judge whether to shut down an airport, highway or stop some operation etc.
Indispensable important content during the real-time monitored of visibility has become a reality and lived.So-called visibility, the person that is the normal visual acuity, the maximum horizontal range that distinguishes can near the sky background of black objects thing (field angle is greater than the 30 ') local horizon with a certain size under weather condition at that time.In meteorology, visibility meteorological optical range MOR value representation, meteorological optical range refers to that incandescent lamp sends the luminous flux that colour temperature is the parallel beam of 2700K, weakens 5% path of passing through to initial value in atmosphere.Visibility is an index of reflection atmospheric transparency, and is closely related with weather condition at that time.When the synoptic processes such as rainfall, mist, haze, sandstorm occurring, atmospheric transparency is lower, so visibility is relatively poor.
At present, traditional measurement atmospheric visibility also has the surveying instruments such as the transmission-type visibility of use instrument, forward scattering visibility meter or laser visibility automatic measuring instrument to measure generally with the method for range estimation.Adopt artificial visually examine's mode, standardization, objectivity are relatively relatively poor.Adopt the atmospheric transmission instrument, this instrument volume is large, installation is complicated, measure base length, need to directly measure the gas column transmissivity by the large gas column that light beam sees through between two point of fixity, calculate the value of visibility with this, the reliability of measurement is subjected to the impact of light source and other hardware system job stabilitys, generally is only applicable to the observation of low middling visibility, and at low visibility weathers such as rain, mists, can cause larger error because of complex conditions such as water vapor absorption.Forward scattering visibility meter is selected the faint near infrared light of Atmospheric Absorption, become 35 degree directions in the detecting light beam direction of propagation, the measured angular scattering coefficient, again by certain atmospheric optics mode computation total scattering coefficient, and determine visibility according to the Koschmieder law, forward scattering visibility meter is subject to the interference of various factors easily, the incident beam that light-receiving member is collected is not proper parallel beam, be the light beam that is distributed in the larger cone angle, the scattering coefficient that obtains thus is larger than actual scattering coefficient.And laser visibility automatic measuring instrument is to calculate visibility by the method for laser measurement atmospheric extinction coefficient, comparatively speaking, comparatively objective and accurate, but this instrument cost is expensive, high, the complicated operation of maintenance cost, also be difficult to carry out normal observation in rain, greasy weather, be difficult to promote.
In order to address the above problem, be badly in need of a kind ofly avoiding above-mentioned deficiency, and the device and method of the low measurement visibility of cost of manufacture.Adopt a kind of measuring method of directly taking selected target thing and background image thereof by industrial camera, then with the image transmitting that collects to computing machine, the image that passes through to obtain carries out analytical calculation, obtains the numerical value of visibility.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of homologous dual-target transmission visibility device and measuring method thereof, visibility is carried out in real time, accurately measured, solve and have the defective that transmission visiometer optical axis alignment requires height, is subject to the window pollution impact now, and then improve measuring accuracy and simplified apparatus maintenance.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of homologous dual-target transmission visibility device, comprise data acquisition unit, data processing unit and object element, described data acquisition unit is provided with a camera, described camera is for taking the object element that is positioned at the camera lens dead ahead, by captured image transmitting to data processing unit, the signal output interface of described camera is connected with data wire one end, the other end of data wire is connected with the Data Input Interface of data processing unit
Described data processing unit is that an image with collection carries out the filtering processing, and the computing machine that the data parameter is carried out computing, described computing machine comprises the filter processing unit of carrying out the filtering processing for the image to collected by camera, be used for extracting the extraction brightness value unit of image each point brightness value, be used for calculating the visibility calculating unit of visibility parameter value, be used for the storage unit of view data storage; Described data processing unit carries out respectively filtering to the described image of input to be processed, and obtains that bright chamber goes out the hot spot brightness value of optical port and the brightness value of black chamber port on each image, with the distance of the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows and camera as input parameter.
Described object element comprises the first camera bellows, the second camera bellows, led light source, optical splitter and optical fiber, and described the first camera bellows all has two channel cavity that shape is consistent with the second camera bellows, and one of them channel cavity is bright chamber, and another channel lumens is black chamber; Described led light source is divided into two-beam through two optical fiber in the optical splitter, described two optical fiber are inserted respectively the bright chamber of the first camera bellows and the bright chamber of the second camera bellows, the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows bright chamber go out optical port and black chamber port all within the camera lens visual field of camera.
The spacing of described the first camera bellows and camera and the spacing of the second camera bellows and camera are unequal.
Respectively there are a vertical clapboard or next door in the axis place separately of described the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows, and described dividing plate or next door separately camera bellows are divided into two equal channel cavity.
It is etc. large circular or square that described bright chamber goes out optical port and black chamber port.
Two parallel optical-fibre channels are arranged in the main body of described optical splitter, and two optical-fibre channels share a lighting surface in the dipped beam source.
Described camera adopts the industrial camera with computer interface.
Described computing machine is desk-top computer or portable computer.
A kind of measuring method of homologous dual-target transmission visibility device, measuring process is as follows: step 1, open led light source, camera and computing machine.
The light that step 2, led light source are sent shines directly on the lighting surface of two optical fiber, tells two-way light by optical fiber, and two-way optical fiber is inserted respectively the bright chamber of the first camera bellows and the bright chamber of the second camera bellows.
Step 3, the collected by camera distance is R 1The first camera bellows and the distance be R 2The image of the second camera bellows, and take the brightness that the bright chamber of record the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows goes out hot spot and the black chamber port of optical port, and be sent in the computing machine acquisition of image data is defeated by data line.
Step 4, computing machine are carried out filtering with the image of the object element that collects and are processed.
Step 5 is extracted the brightness value unit and is obtained respectively the brightness value that two bright chambeies of the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows go out the hot spot of optical port, is respectively I 1And I 2, I wherein 1Be the hot spot brightness value of the first camera bellows, I 2Be the hot spot brightness value of the second camera bellows, the brightness value of the first camera bellows and second dark two black chamber ports is respectively Ih 1And Ih 2, Ih wherein 1Be the brightness value of the black chamber port of the first camera bellows, Ih 2Be the brightness value of the black chamber port of the second camera bellows, and be entered into visibility calculating unit.
Step 6, the visibility of computing machine is calculated the computing formula I of unit by having set 1-Ih 1=(I 2-Ih 2) * e -xk/ (R 2/ R 1) ^2, X=R 2-R 1, calculate the K value, by P=(X*Ln (20))/K calculates the P value of meteorological optical range (MOR).
Compared with prior art the present invention has following characteristics and beneficial effect: it only is the brightness ratio of measuring two-way light that the present invention measures meteorological optical range.Because the splitting ratio of two-way light is stable, measure and select again same camera photographic subjects, adopt same light emitting source to be divided into two-beam through optical fibre light splitting, the two-beam fibre passes respectively the optical fiber entrance of the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows, going out optical port through the bright chamber of camera bellows again sees light off, the two-beam light intensity ratio is relatively stable, so can measure more accurately the brightness ratio of two-way light, camera is taken the image that bright chamber goes out optical port and black chamber port side by side, extract respectively brightness value through the filtering processing, thereby obtain more accurately meteorological optical range value by simple calculating again.
The present invention designs ingenious, and whole measurement mechanism volume is small and exquisite, cost of manufacture is low, installation is simple, processing ease, do not need special maintenance cost, even also can use in the special weather such as rainy day, greasy weather.Because what the present invention adopted is that industrial camera is as sensor, what obtain is image document, as long as going out image that light that optical port sends and black chamber port drop on industrial camera, two optical fiber finds a view in the district, just can carry out image acquisition and measurement, reduced the position alignment requirement of light source and sensor, want high compared with the precision of forward scattering visibility meter, require compared with the installation and maintenance of traditional transmission-type visibility instrument much lower, thereby realize in real time, visibility measurement accurately.
Description of drawings
The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is optical fibre light splitting synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is camera bellows structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is processing flow chart of the present invention.
Reference numeral: 1-camera, 2-computing machine, 3-the first camera bellows, 4-the second camera bellows, 5-optical fiber entrance, the bright chamber of 6-go out optical port, the black chamber of 7-port, 8-optical fiber, 9-lighting surface, 10-dividing plate, 11-LED light source, 12-optical splitter.
Embodiment
Embodiment is referring to shown in Figure 1, structural representation of the present invention.This homologous dual-target transmission visibility device comprises data acquisition unit, data processing unit and object element, and described data acquisition unit is provided with a camera 1, and described camera 1 adopts the industrial camera with computer interface.Described camera 1 is used for taking the object element that is positioned at the camera lens dead ahead, with captured image transmitting to data processing unit, the signal output interface of described camera 1 is connected with data line one end, and the other end of data line is connected with the Data Input Interface of data processing unit.
Described data processing unit is one to carry out filtering with the image that gathers and processes, and the computing machine 2 that the data parameter is carried out computing, and described computing machine 2 is desk-top computer or portable computer.Described computing machine 2 comprises the filter processing unit of carrying out the filtering processing for the image to collected by camera, be used for extracting the extraction brightness value unit of image each point brightness value, be used for calculating the visibility calculating unit of visibility parameter value, be used for the storage unit of view data storage; Described data processing unit carries out respectively the filtering processing to the described image of input, obtain that bright chamber goes out the hot spot brightness value of optical port and the brightness value of black chamber port on each image, the distance of the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows and camera, bright chamber are gone out the brightness value of the hot spot brightness value of optical port and black chamber port as acquisition parameters.
Described object element comprises the first camera bellows 3, the second camera bellows 4, led light source 11, optical splitter 12 and optical fiber 8.As shown in Figure 3, camera bellows structural representation of the present invention.Described the first camera bellows 3 all has two channel cavity that shape is consistent with the second camera bellows 4, and respectively there is a vertical clapboard 10 at the axis place separately of described the first camera bellows 3 and the second camera bellows 4, and described dividing plate separately camera bellows is divided into two equal channel cavity.One of them channel cavity is the bright chamber that is connected with optical fiber, the far-end in bright chamber is optical fiber entrance 5, the near-end in bright chamber is that bright chamber goes out optical port 6, camera can photograph optical fiber goes out optical port in bright chamber hot spot, another channel lumens is black chamber, is empty in the chamber, and black chamber has black chamber port, black chamber port and bright chamber go out optical port all towards camera, and it is etc. large circular or square that described bright chamber goes out optical port 6 and black chamber port 7.
As shown in Figure 2, optical fibre light splitting synoptic diagram of the present invention.Two parallel optical-fibre channels are arranged in the main body of described optical splitter 12, and two optical-fibre channels share a lighting surface 9 in the dipped beam source.Described led light source 11 is divided into two-beam through two optical fiber 8 in the optical splitter 12, described two optical fiber are inserted the bright chamber of the first camera bellows and the bright chamber of the second camera bellows through two optical fiber entrances 5 respectively, the bright chamber of the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows goes out optical port 6 and black chamber port 7 all within the camera lens visual field of camera 1, and described the first camera bellows 3 is unequal with the spacing of camera 1 with spacing and second camera bellows 4 of camera 1.
As shown in Figure 4, processing flow chart of the present invention.The measuring method of homologous dual-target transmission visibility device, installation steps are as follows:
Step 1 is opened led light source, camera and computing machine.
The light that step 2, led light source are sent shines directly on the lighting surface of two optical fiber, tells two-way light by optical fiber, and two-way optical fiber is inserted respectively the bright chamber of the first camera bellows and the bright chamber of the second camera bellows.
Step 3, the collected by camera distance is R 1The first camera bellows and the distance be R 2The image of the second camera bellows, image taking records the brightness that the bright chamber of the first camera bellows 3 and the second camera bellows 4 goes out hot spot and the black chamber port 7 of optical port 6, and is sent in the computing machine acquisition of image data is defeated by data line.
Step 4, computing machine are carried out filtering with the image of the object element that collects and are processed.
Step 5 is extracted the brightness value unit and is obtained respectively the brightness value that two bright chambeies of the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows go out the hot spot of optical port, is respectively I 1And I 2, I wherein 1Be the hot spot brightness value of the first camera bellows, I 2Be the hot spot brightness value of the second camera bellows, the brightness value of the first camera bellows and second dark two black chamber ports is respectively Ih 1And Ih 2, Ih wherein 1Be the brightness value of the black chamber port of the first camera bellows, Ih 2Be the brightness value of the black chamber port of the second camera bellows, and be entered into visibility calculating unit.
Step 6, the visibility of computing machine is calculated the computing formula I of unit by having set 1-Ih 1=(I 2-Ih 2) * e -xk/ (R 2/ R 1) ^2, X=R 2-R 1, calculate the K value, by P=(X*Ln (20))/K calculates the P value of meteorological optical range (MOR).

Claims (8)

1. homologous dual-target transmission visibility device, comprise data acquisition unit, data processing unit and object element, described data acquisition unit is provided with a camera (1), described camera (1) is used for taking the object element that is positioned at the camera lens dead ahead, with captured image transmitting to data processing unit, the signal output interface of described camera (1) is connected with data line one end, and the other end of data line is connected with the Data Input Interface of data processing unit, it is characterized in that:
Described data processing unit is that an image with collection carries out the filtering processing, and the computing machine (2) that the data parameter is carried out computing, described computing machine comprises the filter processing unit of carrying out the filtering processing for the image to collected by camera, be used for extracting the extraction brightness value unit of image each point brightness value, be used for calculating the visibility calculating unit of visibility parameter value, be used for the storage unit of view data storage; Described data processing unit carries out respectively filtering to the described image of input to be processed, and obtains that bright chamber goes out the hot spot brightness value of optical port and the brightness value of black chamber port on each image, with the distance of the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows and camera as input parameter;
Described object element comprises the first camera bellows (3), the second camera bellows (4), led light source (11), optical splitter (12) and optical fiber (8), described the first camera bellows (3) all has two channel cavity that shape is consistent with the second camera bellows (4), one of them channel cavity is bright chamber, another channel lumens is black chamber, described led light source (11) is divided into two-beam through two optical fiber (8) in the optical splitter (12), described two optical fiber are inserted the bright chamber of the first camera bellows and the bright chamber of the second camera bellows through optical fiber entrance (5) respectively, and the black chamber port (7) of the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows and bright chamber go out optical port (6) all within the camera lens visual field of camera (1).
2. homologous dual-target transmission visibility device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described the first camera bellows (3) is unequal with the spacing of camera (1) with spacing and second camera bellows (4) of camera (1).
3. homologous dual-target transmission visibility device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: respectively there are a vertical clapboard (10) or next door in the axis place separately of described the first camera bellows (3) and the second camera bellows (4), and described dividing plate or next door separately camera bellows are divided into two equal channel cavity.
4. homologous dual-target transmission visibility device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is etc. large circular or square that described bright chamber goes out optical port (6) and black chamber port (7).
5. homologous dual-target transmission visibility device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two parallel optical-fibre channels are arranged in the main body of described optical splitter (12), and two optical-fibre channels share a lighting surface (9) in the dipped beam source.
6. homologous dual-target transmission visibility device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described camera (1) adopts the industrial camera with computer interface.
7. homologous dual-target transmission visibility device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described computing machine (2) is desk-top computer or portable computer.
8. an application rights requires the measuring method of the described homologous dual-target transmission visibility device of 1-7 any one, it is characterized in that measuring process is as follows:
Step 1 is opened led light source, camera and computing machine;
The light that step 2, led light source are sent shines directly on the lighting surface of two optical fiber, tells two-way light by optical fiber, and two-way optical fiber is inserted respectively the bright chamber of the first camera bellows and the bright chamber of the second camera bellows;
Step 3, the collected by camera distance is R 1The first camera bellows and the distance be R 2The image of the second camera bellows, take the brightness that the bright chamber of record the first camera bellows (3) and the second camera bellows (4) goes out hot spot and the black chamber port (7) of optical port (6), and by data line acquisition of image data failed and to be sent in the computing machine;
Step 4, computing machine are carried out filtering with the image of the object element that collects and are processed;
Step 5 is extracted the brightness value unit and is obtained respectively the brightness value that two bright chambeies of the first camera bellows and the second camera bellows go out the hot spot of optical port, is respectively I 1And I 2, I wherein 1Be the hot spot brightness value of the first camera bellows, I 2Be the hot spot brightness value of the second camera bellows, the brightness value of the first camera bellows and second dark two black chamber ports is respectively Ih 1And Ih 2, Ih wherein 1Be the brightness value of the black chamber port of the first camera bellows, Ih 2Be the brightness value of the black chamber port of the second camera bellows, and be entered into visibility calculating unit;
Step 6, the visibility of computing machine is calculated the computing formula I of unit by having set 1-Ih 1=(I 2-Ih 2) * e -xk/ (R 2/ R 1) ^2, X=R 2-R 1, calculate the K value, by P=(X*Ln (20))/K calculates the P value of meteorological optical range.
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