CN102476129B - Integrated converting and utilizing co-production method for agricultural waste - Google Patents
Integrated converting and utilizing co-production method for agricultural waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN102476129B CN102476129B CN201010574261.6A CN201010574261A CN102476129B CN 102476129 B CN102476129 B CN 102476129B CN 201010574261 A CN201010574261 A CN 201010574261A CN 102476129 B CN102476129 B CN 102476129B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
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Abstract
The invention relates to an integrated utilizing technology for agricultural waste and in particular relates to an integrated converting and utilizing co-production method for agricultural waste. The integrated converting and utilizing co-production method comprises the following steps: 1. collecting and processing raw materials; 2. carrying out pyrolysis on the raw materials: generating biochar and high-temperature mixed gas; 3. converting the high-temperature mixed gas: converting the high-temperature mixed gas into wood tar, wood vinegar and fuel gas; 4. manufacturing fertilizers; 5. refining fuel oil: converting the wood tar into biofuel oil and wood pitch; 6. purifying the fuel gas: purifying the fuel gas into clean fuel gas; and 7. converting the fuel gas: respectively sending the biofuel gas into a gas generator, a gas supply pipe network and a heat boiler to covert the biofuel gas into heat energy and electricity energy. The agricultural waste can be converted by multiple levels and are combined to be utilized to obtain straw carbon, fuel gas, heat energy, electricity energy, fertilizers, fuel gas and the like. The use ratio of the agricultural waste reaches 100%. The problem that the agricultural waste is stacked and burnt disorderly can be solved, the pollution problem caused by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides for a long time can be solved, and the problem of utilizing energy, fertilizer and oil in rural areas also can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, particularly the comprehensive conversion using co-production of a kind of agricultural wastes.
Background technology
China is just stepping into modernized society.China's population accounts for 20% of world's total population, and explored coal resources only account for 11% of world saving, and crude oil only accounts for 2.4%, and natural gas only accounts for 1.2%, and half ，Qi PetroChina Company Limited. that average resource per capita is less than world average level is only 1/10.From 1993 Nian Qi， China, become the net importer of the energy.Fast development along with China's economy: and the raising of people's living standard, the < < New Energy Sources In China of State Planning Commission's issue in 1999 and regenerative resource white paper > > prediction, the energy-output ratio per capita of China will reach about 2.38t the year two thousand fifty, although be only equivalent to the average level in the current world, energy breach wherein reaches 24% unexpectedly.Based on this, in order to keep Chinese national economy and social sustainable development must open up as early as possible new energy access.New energy access has been opened up in the development of co-production system.
On the other hand, as developing large agricultural country, approximately 6.5 hundred million to 700,000,000 tons of the annual agricultural wastes such as all kinds of stalks that produce, wherein approximately 30% go back field, 20% to 30% as life in the countryside fuel, and 10% to 15% as raw materials of industry such as feed or papermaking, remaining is at harvesting on-site incineration in season, produce a large amount of dense smoke and dust, atmosphere pollution, becomes insoluble the difficult problem of environmental protection.Although each place government of China man all puts into effect, stalk taboo is burnt and stalk resource comprehensive utilization file, and due to straw refuse enormous amount, the technological approaches of the effective utilization of scale is at present less, and waste and burning problem are still serious.In fact, these stalks are the same with other biological matter, to pass through photosynthesis, solar energy is fixed on to tellurian organic matter, its chemical composition is similar to fossil class A fuel As such as coal, oil, natural gases, press contained energy and calculate, 2 tons of stalks are equivalent to 1 ton of mark coal, and this has determined that they possess the potential quality of recovery energy.Because stalk energy density is low, kind is complicated, be applicable to the conventional energy resource technological approaches of coal and oil and method and be difficult to easily and efficiently for stalk.Utilize energy in stalk how efficiently, at low cost, be the bottleneck problem that realizes agricultural wastes energy and the utilization of resources always.
Inorganic fertilizer, agricultural chemicals chronic administration.Intensive watching supported fowl and animal excrement and huddled and leave about at air, water source, and farmland, causes residual in grain and soil.The severe contamination that causes life in the countryside environment.Affect the safety of health of human body and grain-production.The fertilizer of using in rural area production and life, combustion gas, fuel oil, heat energy famine.Affect the raising of life in the countryside level and quality.Along with social fast development, people more and more add attention for ecological environmental protection, constantly seek to use the new energy, control atmosphere pollution, and energy-saving and emission-reduction, reduce greenhouse effects.With problems such as agricultural waste utilization, caused showing great attention to of departments at different levels of government.
For addressing these problems, the R&D institution of China and universities and colleges have successively developed the products such as agricultural wastes moulding, charing, gasification.And carry out promotion and application, make the utilization of agricultural wastes stride forward a step.But exist following technical problem: 1, agricultural wastes directly utilize, one time conversion using technology is single, secondary decomposition utilizes technology and combination to utilize technology imperfection; 2 stalks directly utilize, and utilization is not changed and combine to the byproduct that stalk is once changed again, and abandon causes secondary pollution; 3, technical equipment complex structure, can not produce continuously, is difficult to industrial sectorization running, and maintenance cost and operating cost are high; 4, high to raw material processing requirements, raw material processing cost is high, deficiency in economic performance; 5, agricultural wastes production dispersion and density are little, and large scale stalk is collected, and transportation stores difficult.
How solving at present domestic is that the current agricultural wastes utilization of resources and rural area utilization of new energy resources industry are needed solution bottleneck problem badly in existing the problems referred to above aspect the useless man's cap used in ancient times thing exploitation of agricultural.
Because the existing above-mentioned defect of above-mentioned existing agricultural waste utilization and drawback, pragmatic experience and professional knowledge that the design people enriches for many years based on the waste utilization of being engaged in agriculture, and coordinate the utilization of modern biological theory and technology, positive research and innovation in addition, to founding the comprehensive conversion using co-production of a kind of agricultural wastes, through improving existing general agricultural wastes conversion using technology, generation secondary pollution, device structure complexity, can not continuous operation, raw material processing requirements is high, the situation that operating cost is high, economic benefit is low.Through constantly analyzing, study, test, analyze again, study again, test again and through repeatedly repeatedly improving, finally finding the comprehensive conversion using co-production of a kind of agricultural wastes, and there is the invention of high practical value
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, be to overcome the existing general existing defect of agricultural wastes conversion using and drawback, and the co-production of the comprehensive conversion using of a kind of agricultural wastes is provided, technical problem to be solved is that the co-production by comprehensive conversion using reaches and reduces costs, increases economic efficiency and without the disposal of pollutants of secondary waste thing.The comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention, the agricultural wastes that relate to comprise: the discarded object of agriculture page, animal husbandry, forestry waste and products thereof processing.Industry organic solid castoff also adapts to the method.
Agricultural wastes of the present invention not only comprise agricultural crop straw, also comprise trunk, branch, skin, the root of forestry; Agriculture and forestry product price waste material; Weeds, mushroom bacteria slag, furfural dregs, vinegar grain, vinasse, the various animal wastes of pomace, Zha, natural pond, natural pond liquid etc.By its purposes, be divided into pyrolysis feed and composting raw material.With agricultural crop straw, the trunk of forestry, branch, skin, root, woodenware, wood-working factory's waste material, weeds, mushroom residue, furfural dregs, vinegar grain, vinasse the like waste are pyrolysis coarse raw materials (referred to as pyrolysis feed).The agricultural wastes of various animal wastes, Zha, natural pond, natural pond liquid, pomace are composting coarse raw materials (referred to as composting raw material).
The technical problem of the object of the invention and solution adopts the comprehensive conversion using co-production of a kind of agricultural wastes to realize.The comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes proposing according to the present invention, comprises the following steps:
One, raw material is collected, is processed: utilize the method for sorting that raw material is divided into pyrolysis feed, composting raw material, pyrolysis feed is carried out to segment, pulverizing, dry; Composting raw material carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid, dry; Key step comprises;
Two, pyrolysis feed: utilize the one pyrolysis of charcoal gas or produce charcoal and high temperature mixing gas from the method for pyrolysis;
Three, high temperature mixing gas is separated: utilize the separation method of cooling, stratification, cyclonic separation that high temperature mixing gas is separated into wood tar, pyroligneous acid and combustion gas;
Four, the making of fertilizer: biological powdered carbon, pyroligneous acid are made to the fertilizer of variety classes, function from inorganic fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, fertilizer by different combinations, proportioning;
Five, wood tar refining: utilize the method for distillation that wood tar is changed into biological gasoline, diesel oil and wood pitch;
Six, gas-purification is processed: utilize the method for filtering, adsorb, washing to convert combustion gas to clean fuel gas;
Seven: combustion gas conversion: send respectively gas electricity generator, gas transmission pipeline net work, heating boiler to convert electric energy, heat energy to biological flue gas.
The technical problem of object of the present invention and solution can also be further achieved by the following technical measures.
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein described in step 1, pyrolysis feed processing comprises:
1-1 utilizes disintegrating machine that the trunk of forestry, trunk, tree root, waste and old wood, diameter are greater than to five centimetres of branches to carry out fragmentation;
1-2 utilizes hay cutter that the branch of agricultural crop straw, forestry, skin, woodenware, wood-working factory's leftover pieces, weeds are carried out to segment, and every segment length is 2～10 centimetres.
1-3 is dried processing with drying machine or threshing ground by mushroom residue, furfural dregs, vinegar grain, vinasse, and water content is less than 20 percent, pure pyrolysis feed.
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein described in step 1, the processing of composting raw material is to utilize centrifuge that various animals, fowl and animal excrement, natural pond slag, pomace are carried out to Separation of Solid and Liquid, is separated into solid and liquid; Solid is dried or dried, make water content be less than 20 percent; Again the solid of drying or dry is ground into powder; Liquid send fermenting tank for fermentation, and liquor charging state pond after filtering, as composting raw material.
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein described in step 2, pyrolysis feed pyrolysis is with conveyer belt or conveying worm, to send charcoal gas one conversion stove to convert high-temperature biological charcoal and high temperature mixing gas to pyrolysis feed.High-temperature biological charcoal is delivered to charcoal pond by automatically going out charcoal unit mahine after cooling.High temperature mixing gas is transported to filter carbon gas carbonization stove by pipeline; High temperature mixing gas is also transported to tri-state isolation of purified equipment clean by pipeline
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein mixes gas isolation of purified and comprises described in step 3:
The high temperature mixing gas that 3-1 is sent here respectively by charing one conversion stove or filter carbon gas carbonization stove is removed to such an extent that vapour-liquid is mixed gas through biofilter or cyclone separator by powdered carbon grain wherein;
3-2, vapour-liquid mixing gas are separated into wood tar, pyroligneous acid mixing material and biological flue gas and send respectively purifying gas system and oleic acid separator after cooler is cooling;
The mixing material of 3-3 wood tar, pyroligneous acid is separated into wood tar and pyroligneous acid through oleic acid separator.Wood tar send respectively tar-processing system or fuel oil smelting equipment;
3-4 pyroligneous acid is purified and is sent fertilizer production apparatus through the standing device of acetic acid or distilation equipment.
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein described in step 4, fertilizer making comprises:
4-1 pyroligneous acid and composting raw material (powdered carbon, pyroligneous acid, chemical fertilizer, fertilizer, microorganism fertilizer) are made the fertilizer of variety classes, function by different combinations, proportioning, conveying equipment send one-level mixing and blending machine to carry out mix and blend by proportioning, after being uniformly mixed, compound is sent to secondary mixing and blending machine;
4-2 charcoal send pulverizer to be ground into powder by feed screw and send in proportion secondary mixing and blending machine;
4-3 secondary mixing and blending machine carries out secondary by one-level compound and powdered carbon and is uniformly mixed;
4-4 adds a certain proportion of adhesive in secondary compound, to send three grades of mixing and blending machines to carry out three grades to be uniformly mixed;
Tri-grades of compounds of 4-5 send the machine-processed particle of granulating;
4-6 particle send dryer or threshing ground to carry out particle oven dry or airing metering pack.
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein described in step 5, fuel oil refining comprises:
5-1 is conveyed into the heating of air-distillation still by wood tar, resolves into fuel oil vapour and wood pitch;
5-2 fuel oil vapour send condensing plant to be cooled to bio-fuel-oil and nondecomposable combustion gas, and nondecomposable combustion gas is transported to distillation still combustion chambers burn by pipeline and heats;
5-3 bio-fuel-oil and a certain proportion of fuel oil additive send blending tank to concoct, and are mixed into commodity biogasoline or biodiesel.
After 6-2 purifies, combustion gas is carried out gas-liquid separation through gas-liquid separator;
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein described in step 6, combustion gas separating treatment comprises:
The isolated biological flue gas of 6-1 step 3 through alkali cleaning pond, carries out alkali cleaning or other method purifies;
After 6-2 purifies, combustion gas is carried out gas-liquid separation through gas-liquid separator;
The separated after-burning pneumatic transmission of 6-3 filtering collector converts clean biological flue gas to;
6-4 is clean, and biological flue gas send gas storage holder to store by pipeline; The combustion gas of gas storage holder heats to user or to combustion gas motor generating air feed or heating boiler combustion heating through pipe network.
The present invention compared with prior art has obvious advantage and beneficial effect.By technique scheme, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention can reach suitable technological progress and practicality, and has the extensive value in industry, and it at least has following advantages:
1, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes directly utilizes product and an analyte not to have the product utilizing to carry out secondary conversion, combination utilization agricultural wastes, solves secondary pollution problem.
2, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention, to the not standby combination accessory that carries out of prior art, forms practical, economic integrated system, in conjunction with rural area feature suit measures to local conditions to develop, the plant equipment of easy applicable, easy to operate, system support.Exploitation minisystem equipment.Solve the problem of straw collecting difficulty.Realize miniaturization and simplification, easy to operate, know at a glance, easy to learn, once with successful " fool's technology " equipment, change technology adapts to existing rural structure form, facilitates vast rural area to select and popularization.
3, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention, needs hardly to do pretreatment to agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as the stalk of crops, faggot, rice husks and carries out pyrolysis, obtains straw charcoal, combustion gas, tar, pyroligneous acid, heat energy.By straw charcoal, combustion gas, pyroligneous acid, tar recombinant are utilized, make fertilizer, combustion gas and fuel oil, heat energy.Make agricultural waste utilization rate reach 100%.
4, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention, device therefor is simple, continuously-running, maintenance cost is low, and manufacturing cost reduces relatively, thereby can significantly reduce operating cost, increase economic efficiency, in the practicality of using and cost benefit, really meet rural economic development completely required, quite there is industry development value.
5, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention, has opened up the new energy access in rural area, solves in agricultural and forestry production and life by fertilizer, combustion gas, fuel oil, the problem of agricultural chemicals, heat energy famine.Alleviated the immense pressure of using conventional traditional energy environmental pollution.
6, solved crop straw burning, livestock and poultry manure huddles and leaves about, the bottleneck problem of the agriculture grain of residual and seriously polluted impact that chronic administration chemical fertilizer causes to air, water source, soil, vegetables, melon and fruit safety in production and health of human body safety, life in the countryside and ecological environment have been improved, life of farmers level and quality have been improved, realize the object that dry squeezing only turned waste into wealth, eaten to agricultural wastes " ", promoted new countryside construction development.Huge agricultural wastes comprehensive utilization of resources industry be can form, huge economic benefit, social benefit, political benefit, environmental benefit produced.
In sum, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention has above-mentioned plurality of advantages and practical value, significantly progressive technically, and produced handy and practical effect, and there is the incomparable effect of existing other agricultural wastes conversion using method and apparatus tool, the bottleneck problem that has solved agricultural wastes comprehensive utilizations of resources, meets China's environmental protection, low-carbon emission reduction more, the needs of low-carbon economy development.
Above-mentioned explanation is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand technological means of the present invention, and can be implemented according to the content of description, and for above and other object of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent, below especially exemplified by preferred embodiment, and coordinate accompanying drawing, be described in detail as follows.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the comprehensive conversion using co-production of invention agricultural wastes flow chart.
Fig. 2 is the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention device systems figure.
The specific embodiment
For further setting forth the present invention, reach technological means and the effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taked, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, the specific embodiment, structure, feature and effect thereof to the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes proposing according to the present invention, be described in detail as follows.
Refer to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of the agricultural wastes of preferred embodiment of the present invention, it mainly comprises the following steps:
One, raw material is collected, is processed: utilize the method for sorting that raw material is divided into pyrolysis feed, composting raw material.Pyrolysis feed is carried out to segment, pulverizing, dry; Composting raw material carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid, dry; Key step comprises;
Two, pyrolysis feed: utilize the one pyrolysis of charcoal gas or produce charcoal and high temperature mixing gas from the method for pyrolysis;
Three, high temperature mixing gas is separated: utilize the separation method of cooling, stratification, cyclonic separation that high temperature mixing gas is separated into wood tar, pyroligneous acid and combustion gas;
Four, the making of fertilizer: biological powdered carbon, pyroligneous acid are made to the fertilizer of variety classes, function from inorganic fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, fertilizer by different combinations, proportioning;
Five, wood tar refining: utilize the method for distillation that wood tar is changed into biological gasoline, diesel oil and wood pitch;
Six, gas-purification is processed: utilize the method for filtering, adsorb, washing to convert combustion gas to clean fuel gas;
Seven: combustion gas conversion: send respectively gas electricity generator, gas transmission pipeline net work, heating boiler to convert electric energy, heat energy to biological flue gas.
Described in step 1, pyrolysis feed processing is to carry out in raw material processing system 1, comprising:
1-1 is greater than the trunk of forestry, trunk, tree root, waste and old wood, diameter the bulk forests such as five centimetres of branches and carries out fragmentation with disintegrating machine 11;
1-2 carries out segment by the branch of agricultural crop straw, forestry, skin, woodenware, wood-working factory's leftover pieces, weeds with hay cutter 12, and every segment length is 2～10 centimetres.
1-3 is dried mushroom residue, furfural dregs, vinegar grain, vinasse to be processed into every size and to be less than 3 centimetres with drying machine 13, and water content is less than 20 percent, pure pyrolysis feed.
Above-mentioned raw materials conventionally also needs to be dried after cutting off pulverizing, to reduce pyrolytic process, produces steam.Raw material is in pyrolytic process, and 150 ℃ of major parts of discharging are in the past steam, and this process is exactly the dry run of pyrolysis, the material that water content is more, and this process is just longer, and the energy of consumption is just more.Because only had moisture content evaporate to dryness and could start pyrolysis.In actual production, this part water vapour enters in follow-up equipment with mixing gas, is finally condensed in pyrolkigneous liquid, reduces pyrolkigneous liquid concentration in addition, increases the recovery load of pyrolkigneous liquid.Therefore the raw material of pyrolysis must reduce moisture content, reduces the recovery load of pyrolkigneous liquid, is dried and makes raw material water content be less than 20%.
Described in step 1, the processing of composting raw material is to utilize centrifuge 14 to carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid various animal wastes, natural pond slag, pomace, is separated into solid-state and liquid; Solid-state putting down in dryer 15 dried, make water content be less than 20%; Again the solid of oven dry is ground into 90～120 object powder powder feeding ponds; Liquid send fermentation vat 16 fermentations, liquor charging state pond after filtering.
Described in step 2, pyrolysis feed pyrolysis is to carry out in pyrolysis installation 2, specifically pyrolysis feed is sent to and had the charcoal gas one pyrolysis oven 23 that water-cooled goes out charcoal 22 continuously and carry out pyrolysis with conveyer belt or conveying worm 21, pyrolysis temperature 600 to 800 degree in stove, after cooling, the output temperature of charcoal is less than 50 degree and temperature is the high temperature mixing gas of 480～520 degree; Charcoal is put charcoal pond 24 into, high temperature mixed steam is piped to filter carbon gas carbonization stove, filter carbon gas carbonization stove is lowered the temperature high temperature mixing gas and filter carbon gas carbonization stove pyrolysis feed is carried out to pyrolysis and converts that delivery outlet temperature is less than the charcoal of 50 degree and temperature is the high temperature mixing gas of 300 degree left and right to, and charcoal is put charcoal pond into.High temperature mixing gas is transported to isolation of purified system 3 with pipeline 24.
Drying stage temperature is before 150 ℃, and the moisture content in raw material is by evaporate to dryness, and mist is mainly water vapour.Along with the rising of temperature, entered the pre-charing stage of carbonization, temperature is 150 ℃～275 ℃, and the labile elements such as the hemicellulose in raw material start to decompose, and mist is mainly CO
2, CO and a small amount of acetic acid, at this moment the fuel gases calorific value of output is very low.Above two stages are all the endothermic reactions, all need constantly to dilute outside heat.
When in raw material, temperature surpasses 275 ℃, start to accelerate to decompose, along with temperature improves, decomposition rate is accelerated, and generates a large amount of analytes, as CO, CH
4,, ethane, ethene, acetic acid, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, wood tar etc., owing to containing oxygen element in living beings, it is exothermic reaction that this phase table reveals, this one-phase just can go on without outside heat pyrolysis.275 ℃ to 600 ℃ of this phase temperature, are called the pyrolysis charring stage.The carbonization primary product of living beings all forms in this stage.Particularly pyrolkigneous liquid, wood tar almost all form in this stage.The product obtaining has charcoal, combustion gas, wood tar, pyrolkigneous liquid, and wherein the output of charcoal is the highest, and combustion gas output is very low, because also have some volatile matters not to be decomposed out in product charcoal, now performance is: the calorific value of combustion gas is not high, generally at 3000 kilocalories/m
3left and right.Be to produce the process that charcoal is master, at this one-phase, just stop heating, obtain the effect of voluminous charcoal, raw material per ton can produce charcoal 330～400kg.Pyrolytic process continues to enter the pyrolytic gasification stage, pyrolytic gasification phase temperature be 600 ℃ to more than 1000 ℃ pyrolytic gasification.The rising of stage along with temperature no longer produces pyrolkigneous liquid and tar, and just produces combustion gas, is mainly wherein CO, CH
4and H
2, can make the calorific value of combustion gas greatly improve.For example at 800 ℃ to 1000 ℃ with pyrolytic gasification, within charcoal non-volatile minute, be decomposed out, therefore the long strand of wood tar is interrupted formation hydrocarbon gas, does not produce pyrolkigneous liquid and tar under the pyrolytical condition of 800 ℃-1000 ℃ of temperature.Therefore in the present invention, adopting pyrolytic carbon gasification temperature is below 800 ℃, obtains the three states of matters basic impartial charcoal, gas, oil, acid.
Described in step 3, high temperature mixing gas isolation of purified is to carry out in tri-state separating purifying device 3, comprising:
The high temperature mixing gas that 3-1 is sent here by pyrolysis oven after filtration device 31 is removed to such an extent that vapour-liquid is mixed gas by powdered carbon grain wherein;
It is cooling through cooler 32 that 3-2, vapour-liquid mix gas, isolates wood tar, pyroligneous acid mixed liquor, and gas burning system is sent in air mixture;
3-3 wood tar, pyroligneous acid mixed liquor are separated into wood tar, pyroligneous acid through oleic acid separator 33.Wood tar send tar-processing system;
3-4 pyroligneous acid is purified and is sent fertilizer producing system through the standing device of acetic acid.
Described in step 4, fertilizer is produced in fertilizer system of processing 4 and carries out, and comprising:
4-1 pyroligneous acid and composting raw material (powdered carbon, pyroligneous acid, chemical fertilizer, fertilizer, microorganism fertilizer) are made the fertilizer of variety classes, function by different combinations, different proportioning, conveying equipment send one-level mixing and blending machine 41 to carry out mix and blend by proportioning, after being uniformly mixed, compound is sent to secondary mixing and blending machine 42;
4-2 powdered carbon send pulverizer 43 to be ground into be less than 100 object powders by feed screw and send in proportion secondary mixing and blending machine 42;
4-3 secondary mixing and blending machine 42 carries out secondary by one-level compound and powdered carbon and is uniformly mixed, and send three grades of mixing and blending machines 44 after mixing;
4-4 adds a certain proportion of adhesive and in secondary compound, send three grades of mixing and blending machines 44 to carry out three grades to be uniformly mixed;
Tri-grades of compounds of 4-5 send granulator 45 particle processed;
4-6 particle send dryer or threshing ground to carry out particle oven dry or airing metering pack.
Described in step 5, fuel oil refining is carried out in fuel oil refining plant 5, comprising:
5-1 is conveyed into 51 heating of air-distillation still by wood tar wood tar is resolved into fuel oil vapour and wood pitch;
5-2 fuel oil vapour send condensation (tower) equipment 52 to be cooled to bio-fuel-oil and nondecomposable combustion gas, and nondecomposable combustion gas is transported to distillation still combustion chambers burn by pipeline and heats;
5-3 bio-fuel-oil and a certain proportion of fuel oil additive send blending tank 53 to concoct, and are mixed into commodity biological gasoline, diesel oil.
Described in step 6, combustion gas separating treatment is carried out in combustion gas treating apparatus 6, comprising:
The isolated biological flue gas of 6-1 step 3 61 carries out alkali cleaning or other method and purifies through alkali cleaning pond;
After 6-2 alkali cleaning, combustion gas is carried out gas-liquid separation through gas-liquid separator 62, and liquid is sent alkali cleaning pond back to; Regularly to circulation alkali liquor, supplement alkali, keep circulation alkali liquor pH value to be greater than 8.
The separated artifact combustion gas of 6-3 send filtering collector 63 to convert clean biological flue gas to;
The clean biological flue gas of 6-4 send gas storage holder by pipeline and generates electricity for generator.Gas storage holder through gas ductwork to user or fuel gas generation equipment generating air feed.
Described generating equipment 7 comprises gas fired-boiler 71, steam turbine generator 72, power transformation and power distribution equipment.
The finished product of the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention; Charcoal vinegar fertilizer, fuel oil, combustion gas, electric energy, pitch are for agricultural production and life or oneself.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, yet not in order to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, within not departing from the technology of the present invention side's scope, when can utilizing the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to make a little change or being modified to the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, in every case be the content that does not depart from technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification of above embodiment being done according to technical spirit of the present invention, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
One, raw material is collected, is processed: utilize the method for sorting that raw material is divided into pyrolysis feed, composting raw material, pyrolysis feed is carried out to segment, pulverizing, dry; Composting raw material carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid, dry;
Two, pyrolysis feed: utilize the one pyrolysis of charcoal gas or produce charcoal and high temperature mixing gas from the method for pyrolysis;
Three, high temperature mixing gas is separated: utilize the method for cooling, stratification, cyclonic separation that high temperature mixing gas is separated into wood tar, pyroligneous acid and combustion gas; The separation of described mixing gas comprises:
The high temperature mixing gas that 3-1 is sent here respectively by charing one conversion stove or filter carbon gas carbonization stove is removed to obtain gas liquid mixture through biofilter or cyclone separator by powdered carbon grain wherein;
3-2, gas liquid mixture are separated into wood tar, pyroligneous acid mixing material and biological flue gas and send respectively purifying gas system and oleic acid separator after cooler is cooling;
The mixing material of 3-3 wood tar, pyroligneous acid is separated into wood tar and pyroligneous acid through oleic acid separator; Wood tar send tar-processing system or fuel oil smelting equipment;
3-4 pyroligneous acid is purified and is sent fertilizer production apparatus through the standing device of acetic acid or distilation equipment;
Four, the making of fertilizer: biological powdered carbon, pyroligneous acid are made to the fertilizer of variety classes, function from inorganic fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, fertilizer by different combinations, proportioning; Described fertilizer is made and is comprised:
4-1 pyroligneous acid, powdered carbon and composting raw material are by different combinations, and different proportionings is made the fertilizer of variety classes, function, and conveying equipment send one-level mixing and blending machine to carry out mix and blend by proportioning, after being uniformly mixed, compound is sent to secondary mixing and blending machine;
4-2 charcoal send pulverizer to be ground into powder by feed screw and send in proportion secondary mixing and blending machine;
4-3 secondary mixing and blending machine carries out secondary by one-level compound and powdered carbon and is uniformly mixed;
4-4 adds a certain proportion of adhesive in secondary compound, to send three grades of mixing and blending machines to carry out three grades to be uniformly mixed;
Tri-grades of compounds of 4-5 send the machine-processed particle of granulating;
4-6 particle send dryer or threshing ground to carry out particle oven dry or airing metering pack;
Five, wood tar refining: utilize the method for distillation that wood tar is changed into biological gasoline, diesel oil and wood pitch;
Six, gas-purification is processed: utilize the method for filtering, adsorb, washing to convert combustion gas to clean fuel gas;
Seven: combustion gas conversion: send respectively gas electricity generator, gas transmission pipeline net work, heating boiler to convert electric energy, heat energy to biological flue gas.
2. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1, is characterized in that described in step 1 that pyrolysis feed is processed to comprise:
1-1 utilizes disintegrating machine that the trunk of forestry, trunk, tree root, waste and old wood, diameter are greater than to the branch of five centimetres to carry out fragmentation;
1-2 utilizes hay cutter that the branch of agricultural crop straw, forestry, skin, woodenware, wood-working factory's leftover pieces, weeds are carried out to segment, and every segment length is 2～10 centimetres;
1-3 is dried processing with drying machine or threshing ground by mushroom residue, furfural dregs, vinegar grain, vinasse, and water content is less than 20 percent, pure pyrolysis feed.
3. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1, is characterized in that described in step 1 that it is to utilize centrifuge that various animals, fowl and animal excrement, natural pond slag, pomace are carried out to Separation of Solid and Liquid that composting raw material is processed, and is separated into solid and liquid; Solid is dried or dried, make water content be less than 20 percent; Again the solid of drying or dry is ground into powder; Liquid send fermenting tank for fermentation, and liquor charging state pond after filtering, as composting raw material.
4. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1, is characterized in that described in step 2 that pyrolysis feed pyrolysis is with conveyer belt or conveying worm, to send charcoal gas one conversion stove to convert high-temperature biological charcoal and high temperature mixing gas to pyrolysis feed; Charcoal is delivered to charcoal pond by automatically going out charcoal unit mahine after cooling; High temperature mixing gas is transported to filter carbon gas carbonization stove by pipeline; High temperature mixing gas is also transported to tri-state isolation of purified equipment clean by pipeline.
5. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1, is characterized in that described in step 5 that wood tar refining comprises:
5-1 is conveyed into the heating of air-distillation still by wood tar, resolves into fuel oil gas and wood pitch;
5-2 fuel oil vapour send condensing plant to be cooled to bio-fuel-oil;
5-3 bio-fuel-oil and a certain proportion of fuel oil additive send blending tank to concoct and are mixed into commodity biogasoline or biodiesel.
6. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1, is characterized in that described in step 6 that gas-purification is processed to comprise:
The isolated biological flue gas of 6-1 step 3 purifies through carrying out alkali cleaning or other method;
After 6-2 purifies, combustion gas is carried out gas-liquid separation through gas-liquid separator;
The separated after-burning pneumatic transmission of 6-3 filtering collector converts clean biological flue gas to;
6-4 is clean, and biological flue gas send gas storage holder to store by pipeline; The combustion gas of gas storage holder heats to user or to combustion gas motor generating air feed or heating boiler combustion heating through pipe network.
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