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CN102361614A - 封端的簇成层压体纤维网 - Google Patents

封端的簇成层压体纤维网 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102361614A
CN102361614A CN2010800133709A CN201080013370A CN102361614A CN 102361614 A CN102361614 A CN 102361614A CN 2010800133709 A CN2010800133709 A CN 2010800133709A CN 201080013370 A CN201080013370 A CN 201080013370A CN 102361614 A CN102361614 A CN 102361614A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
top cover
fleece
bunch
fiber
layered product
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN2010800133709A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN102361614B (zh
Inventor
J.J.柯罗
J.L.哈蒙斯
J.L.霍英
S.N.洛伊德
R.H.特纳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Ltd
Procter and Gamble Co
Original Assignee
Procter and Gamble Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Ltd filed Critical Procter and Gamble Ltd
Publication of CN102361614A publication Critical patent/CN102361614A/zh
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Publication of CN102361614B publication Critical patent/CN102361614B/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种层压体纤维网,该层压体纤维网具有与聚合物薄膜成面对面关系的非织造纤维网。该层压体纤维网具有第一侧面,所述第一侧面包括聚合物薄膜和多个离散的簇,簇包括与非织造纤维网成一整体且从其伸出的纤维。每一簇均具有邻近非织造纤维网的簇基座和与簇基座相对的远端部分。每一簇的远端部分的至少一部分被顶盖覆盖,每个顶盖均为所述聚合物薄膜的整体伸出部,该伸出部延伸盖过离散的簇的远端部分。顶盖具有第一开口,第一开口包括聚合物薄膜中的破裂位置,所述簇在破裂位置的上方延伸。

Description

封端的簇成层压体纤维网
发明领域
本文的公开一般涉及封端的簇成层压体纤维网和结合了封端的簇成层压体纤维网的制品。
发明背景
纤维网(诸如薄膜和纤维质纤维网)的层压体是本领域已知的。例如,非织造纤维网常常与聚合物薄膜层压在一起使得它们适于用作一次性产品中的材料诸如一次性吸收尿布上的底片。在此类层压体中,非织造材料部分可提供柔软性,同时薄膜部分可提供流体不可渗透性。
层压体(其中非织造材料纤维凸穿聚合物薄膜)可用于提供吸收结构,其中非织造材料用作流体的传送装置以将流体从聚合物薄膜的一个侧面传送至另一个侧面。所述层压体为结构化的,使得层压体的流体收集侧面为聚合物薄膜,并且非织造材料纤维凸穿聚合物薄膜而到达所述层压体的流体收集侧面。例如,在卫生巾或尿布中,这种层压体可适于用作顶片,所述顶片将流体从卫生巾的面向身体的表面朝向吸收芯更深入地传送到卫生巾中。如果纤维被结构化为簇,其中纤维包括一般靠近簇的基座汇聚的簇,则纤维的汇聚可提供小毛细管,所述小毛细管可有助于将流体传送透过顶片。此外,凸穿聚合物薄膜的纤维还可具有悦人的触觉印象。
取决于凸穿聚合物薄膜的非织造材料的纤维的排列和簇所采集的流体,薄膜的流体收集侧面上的纤维可在可能存在于纤维之间的小毛细管中保留一些流体。如果层压体为吸收制品诸如卫生巾、尿布或棉塞,则这可导致所保留的流体显现为层压体的面向身体的表面上的污渍。经液、阴道分泌物、尿液和粪便的污渍可有利地不被吸收制品的穿着者观察到。如果将层压体用于擦拭物或清洁装置,则所保留的流体可被所述装置的使用者在视觉上感知到,并且使用者可能将污渍的生成误解为是指示所述擦拭物或清洁装置的效用已用尽,甚至当这种判断实际上过早时也是如此。
考虑到这种限制,存在持续的未解决的需求,即,需要一种聚合物薄膜和纤维质纤维网的层压体,其中纤维质纤维网凸穿聚合物薄膜,所述聚合物薄膜具有改善的掩蔽保留在凸穿聚合物薄膜的纤维中的流体的能力。
发明概述
本文公开了一种包括与聚合物薄膜成面对面关系的非织造纤维网的层压体纤维网,该层压体纤维网包括第一侧面,所述第一侧面包括聚合物薄膜和多个离散的簇,所述簇包括与非织造纤维网成一整体且从其伸出的纤维,其中每一簇均具有邻近非织造纤维网的簇基座和与簇基座相对的远端部分,其中每一簇的远端部分的至少一部分被顶盖覆盖,每个顶盖均为聚合物薄膜的整体伸出部,所述整体伸出部延伸盖过离散的簇的远端部分,顶盖包括第一开口,所述第一开口包括聚合物薄膜中的破裂位置,簇在所述破裂位置上方延伸。
本文公开了一种吸收制品,所述吸收制品包括与吸收芯成面对面关系的顶片,所述顶片包括层压体纤维网,所述层压体纤维网包括第一侧面,所述第一侧面包括聚合物薄膜和多个离散的簇,所述簇包括与非织造纤维网成一整体且从其伸出的纤维,其中非织造纤维网位于聚合物薄膜和吸收芯之间,其中每一簇均具有邻近非织造纤维网的簇基座和与簇基座相对的远端部分,其中每一簇的远端部分的至少一部分被顶盖覆盖,每个顶盖均为聚合物薄膜的整体伸出部,所述整体伸出部延伸盖过离散的簇的远端部分,顶盖具有第一开口,所述第一开口包括聚合物薄膜中的破裂位置,簇在所述破裂位置上方延伸。
附图简述
图1为本发明纤维网的透视图。
图2为图1所示纤维网的一部分的放大视图。
图3为图2的3-3截面的剖面图;
图4为图3中4-4所示纤维网的一部分的剖视平面图。
图5为图4所示纤维网的一部分的平面图。
图6为用于形成本发明纤维网的装置的透视图。
图7为图6所示装置的一部分的横截面图。
图8为用于形成本发明纤维网的一个实施方案的装置的一部分的透视图;
图9为用于形成本发明纤维网的装置的一部分的放大透视图。
图10为本发明的卫生巾的局部剖视平面图。
图11为本发明的卫生栓的局部切除透视图。
图12-14为本发明的纤维网的扫描电子显微照片。
发明详述
图1示出了本发明的层压体纤维网1(下文简单地称作纤维网1)。纤维网1包括至少两个层。所述层在本文中称作大致平面的二维前体纤维网,诸如第一前体纤维网20和第二前体纤维网21。第一前体纤维网20为纤维质非织造纤维网,并且第二前体纤维网21为聚合物薄膜。前体纤维网20和21(以及任何附加纤维网)可通过粘合剂、热结合、超声波结合等来接合。如下所述,纤维网1的组分前体纤维网可通过因簇6的形成而产生的互锁机械啮合来接合。一种用于图1所示纤维网1的实施方案的代表性簇6示出于图2中的进一步放大的视图中。簇可为与纤维网成一整体且位于纤维网的平面之外的多个凸起的纤维环或纤维堆,所述环或堆从所述纤维网伸出。
纤维网1具有第一侧面3和第二侧面5,术语“侧面”用在大致平面的二维纤维网(如当处于大致平放状态时具有两个侧面的纸和薄膜)的常见用法中。每个前体纤维网20和21均分别具有第一表面12和13,并且分别具有第二表面14和15(如图3中所示)。第一表面12和13可为面向身体的表面,并且第二表面14和15可为面向衣服的表面。纤维网1具有如纤维网制造领域通常所知的纵向和横向。第一前体纤维网20可为由基本上无规取向的纤维构成的非织造纤维网。“基本无规取向”是指由于所述前体纤维网的加工条件,可能纵向取向纤维的量高于横向取向纤维的量,或反之亦然。例如,在纺粘法和熔喷法中,将连续的纤维股线沉积在纵向上移动的支撑件上。尽管试图使纺粘或熔喷非织造纤维网的纤维取向成真正“无规”的,但通常与横向上的情况相反,略微较高百分比的纤维取向在纵向上。第二前体纤维网21可为聚合物薄膜或开孔聚合物薄膜,诸如聚乙烯薄膜。
在一个实施方案中,纤维网1的第一侧面3由第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13的暴露部分和至少一个但优选多个离散的簇6限定,所述簇为非织造第一前体纤维网20的纤维的整体伸出部。如图3所示,每个簇6可包括多个环状对齐的纤维8,所述环状对齐的纤维延伸穿过第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13并从第一表面13向外伸出。在另一个实施方案中,每个簇6均可包括多个从第一表面13向外延伸的非环状纤维18(如图3所示)。
如本文所用,术语“非织造纤维网”是指具有夹层的单根纤维或纺线结构但不呈如织造或针织织物中的重复图案的纤维网,所述织造或针织织物通常不具有无规取向的纤维。非织造纤维网或织物已形成于多种方法,例如熔喷法、纺粘法、水缠绕法、气流成网和粘合粗梳纤维网法,包括粗梳热结合。非织造织物的基重通常用克每平方米(gsm)来表示。层压纤维网的基重是组成层与任何其它添加组件的组合基重。纤维直径通常表示为微米;纤维尺寸也可表示为旦尼尔,其为每纤维长度的重量的单位。取决于纤维网1的最终用途,适用于本发明的层压体纤维网的基重可在10gsm至500gsm的范围内。
非织造前体纤维网20的组分纤维可由聚合物诸如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、以及它们的共混物构成。所述纤维可包含纤维素、人造丝、棉线、或其它天然材料或聚合物与天然材料的共混物。纤维也可包含超吸收材料,如聚丙烯酸酯或合适材料的任何组合。纤维可以是单组分、双组分、和/或双成分、非圆形的(例如,毛细管道纤维),并且可具有的主横截面尺寸(例如,圆纤维的直径)为从0.1至500微米。例如,一种适用于非织造纤维网的纤维包括纳米纤维。纳米纤维被描述为平均直径小于1微米的纤维。纳米纤维可包括非织造纤维网中的所有纤维或非织造纤维网中的部分纤维。非织造前体纤维网的组分纤维也可为不同纤维类型的混合物,所述纤维类型在如下特征方面不相同:化学性质(例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯)、组分(单组分和双组分)、旦尼尔(微旦尼尔和>20旦尼尔)、形状(即毛细管和圆形)等。成分纤维可在约0.1旦尼尔至约100旦尼尔的范围内。
本文所用“纺粘纤维”是指以如下方法形成的小直径的纤维:将熔融的热塑性材料从喷丝头的多个精细的且通常为圆形的毛细管挤出成为长丝,然后将挤出的长丝直径快速减小。纺粘纤维沉积在收集面上时一般不发粘。纺粘纤维一般连续并具有大于7微米,更具体地讲介于约10和40微米之间的平均直径(得自至少10个样本)。
如本文所用,术语“熔喷法”是指其中如下形成纤维的方法:挤压熔融热塑性材料通过多个细小的、通常圆形的冲模毛细管,作为熔融线或长丝进入汇聚的高速且通常受热的气体(例如,空气)流中,以拉细熔融热塑性材料的长丝以减小其直径,该直径可达微纤维直径。之后,该熔喷纤维由高速气流载送并沉积在收集面上(经常同时仍发粘)以形成随机分散的熔喷纤维的纤维网。熔喷纤维为可连续或不连续的且平均直径一般小于10微米的微纤维。
如本文所用,术语“聚合物”一般包括但不限于均聚物、共聚物,例如嵌段、接枝、无规和间规共聚物、三元共聚物等,以及它们的共混物和修饰物。此外,除非另外具体限制,术语“聚合物”包括材料的所有可能的几何构型。所述构型包括但不限于全同立构、无规立构、间同立构和随机对称。
如本文所用,术语“单组分”纤维是指仅仅利用一种聚合物由一个或多个挤出机形成的纤维。这不旨在排除由一种聚合物形成的纤维。为了着色、抗静电特性、润滑、亲水性等原因,向该聚合物中加入了少量的添加剂。这些添加剂例如用于着色的二氧化钛一般以小于约5%重量且更典型地约2%重量的量存在。
如本文所用,术语“双组分纤维”是指已由至少两种不同的聚合物形成的纤维,所述聚合物由单独的挤出机挤出但纺粘在一起以形成一根纤维。双组分纤维有时也称作共轭纤维或多组分纤维。聚合物在与双组分纤维的横截面交叉时排列在基本上恒定定位的明显不同的区域中并沿着双组分纤维的长度连续延伸。此类双组分纤维的构型可为例如其中一种聚合物被另一种围绕的皮/芯型排列,或者可为并列排列、馅饼排列、或“海岛型”排列。
如本文所用,术语“双成分纤维”是指作为共混物由同一个挤出机挤出的至少两种聚合物形成的纤维。双成分纤维不具有在与纤维横截面交叉时排列在相对恒定位置的明显不同区域中的各种聚合物组分,并且各种聚合物沿着纤维的整个长度通常不是连续的,而是通常为随机开始和结束的成形原纤。双成分纤维有时也称作多成分纤维。
本文所用术语“非圆形纤维”是描述具有非圆形横截面的纤维,且包括“成形纤维”和“毛细管道纤维”。这样的纤维可以是实心的或中空的,并且它们可以是三叶形、δ形,并且优选是其外表面具有毛细管道的纤维。毛细管道可具有各种横截面形状诸如“U形”、“H形”、“C形”和“V形”。一种实用的毛细管道纤维为T-401,其被命名为4DG纤维,得自FiberInnovation Technologies(Johnson City,TN)。T-401纤维为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET聚酯)。
如本文所用,如“整体伸出部”中的术语“整体的”当用于簇6时是指簇6的纤维,所述纤维来源于第一前体纤维网20的纤维。因此,簇6的环状纤维8和非环状纤维18可为第一前体纤维网20的塑性地变形且延伸的纤维,并且因此与第一前体纤维网20成一整体。如本文所用,“整体的”旨在区别于为了制造簇而导入到或加入到独立前体纤维网中的纤维,例如通常在常规的地毯制造过程中所做的那样。
如本文所用,如“整体伸出部”中的术语“整体的”当用于顶盖7时是指形成顶盖7的基底,所述基底来源于作为第二前体纤维网21的聚合物薄膜。因此,顶盖7可为第二前体纤维网21的塑性地变形的延伸基底,并且因此与第二前体纤维网21成一整体。如本文所用,“整体的”旨在区别于为了制造顶盖7而导入到或加入到独立前体纤维网中的基底。
如本文所用,术语“不透明度”是指基底或印刷基底的性质,其度量基底隐藏或遮掩相对于观察点放置在基底后面的物体使其不被观察到的能力。不透明度可被报告为按百分比计的被具有0.5%的反射率的黑体背衬的基底的漫反射系数对用具有89%的绝对反射率的白体背衬的相同基底的漫反射系数的比率。不透明度可如ASTM D 589-97,Standard Test Method for Opacityof Paper(15°/Diffuse Illuminant A,89%Reflectance Backing and PaperBacking)中所述地那样测量。
不透明度高的基底将不允许许多(如果有的话)光穿过该基底。具有低不透明度的基底将允许许多(如果不是几乎全部的话)光穿过该基底。不透明度的范围可为0至100%。如本文所用,术语“低不透明度”是指基底或印刷基底具有小于50%的不透明度。如本文所用,术语“高不透明度”是指基底或印刷基底具有大于或等于50%的不透明度。如本文所用,术语“不透明的”是指基底或印刷基底具有大于或等于50%的不透明度。
如本文所用,术语“邻近”是指相距不远并且暗指在邻近结构之间不存在相同种类的任何物体。
簇6的数目、间距和尺寸可有变化以给与纤维网1的第一侧面3变化的纹理。例如,如果簇6为足够密集地间隔的,则纤维网1的第一侧面3可具有类似毛圈布的触感。作为另外一种供选,簇6可按诸如直线形或填充形的图案排列以造成层压纤维网的一部分具有较强的纹理、柔软性、蓬松度、吸收性或视觉图案吸引力。例如,当簇6以直线或细纹图案排列时,簇可具有刺绣的外观。同样地,单个簇6的尺寸大小诸如高度、长度和宽度也可改变。单个簇可以长约3cm,并且可以单独制造或分散在各种尺寸的簇之中。
第一前体纤维网20可为纤维质织造或非织造纤维网,其包括的纤维具有足够的伸长特性以使它们的一些部分成形为如下文所更详述的簇。簇通过如下方式形成:在第一前体纤维网20的离散的局部部分处在Z方向上将纤维挤到平面外。挤到平面外可归因于纤维的位移,即,纤维能够相对于其他纤维移动并且被(比如讲)“拔”出平面外。然而,更常见的情况是,就大多数非织造第一前体纤维网20而言,挤到平面外是由于簇6的纤维已至少部分地塑性地拉伸并永久地变形而形成了簇6。因此,在一个实施方案中,取决于所期望的簇6的高度,非织造第一前体纤维网20的组分纤维可表现出至少约5%,或至少约10%,或至少约25%,或至少约50%,或至少约100%的断裂伸长率。断裂伸长率可通过简单拉伸试验诸如通过使用Instron拉伸试验设备来确定,并且一般可见于源自此类纤维或纤维网的供应商的材料数据表。
应当理解,合适的非织造第一前体纤维网20应当能够经受足够的塑性变形和拉伸伸长、或能够具有足够的纤维移动性,使得可形成环状纤维8。然而,已认识到从第一前体纤维网20的第一表面12的平面挤出的一定百分比的纤维将不形成套环,而是将断裂并形成松散末端。此类纤维在本文中称作“松散”纤维或非环状纤维(即松散纤维末端)18,如图3所示。非环状纤维18对于本发明来讲未必是不可取的,并且在一些实施方案中簇6的纤维中的大部分或全部可为非环状纤维18。非环状纤维18也可起因于从非织造纤维网形成簇6,所述非织造纤维网由切断短纤维组成或包含切断短纤维。在这种情况下,一些人造短纤维末端可能突出到簇6之中,这取决于如纤维网中人造短纤维的数量、人造短纤维切割长度、以及簇的高度等这些情况。在一些实例中,可能需要在前体纤维网中使用不同长度纤维的共混物或者在不同的层中使用不同长度纤维的共混物。这样能够选择性地将长纤维与短纤维分开。长纤维可主要形成簇6,而短纤维主要保留在未形成簇6的纤维网部分中。一种混和长度的纤维可包括大约为2至8厘米的长纤维和小于约1厘米的短纤维的纤维。
第一前体纤维网20可以是包含弹性纤维或弹性体纤维的纤维织造网或非织造纤维网。弹性纤维或弹性体纤维可以被拉伸其原始尺寸的至少约50%并且可以恢复到其原始尺寸的10%以内。如果在非织造材料中由于纤维的移动性,纤维被简单转移,或如果纤维被拉伸超过它们的弹性极限并塑性变形,则簇6可以由弹性纤维形成。
第二前体纤维网21可为聚合物薄膜纤维网,其具有足够的完整性而通过下述方法被成形为层压体,并且其相对于第一前体纤维网20具有足够小的伸长特性,使得当源自第一前体纤维网20的纤维在第二前体纤维网21的方向上被挤到平面外而经受应变时,第二前体纤维网21将破裂,例如,通过因延伸性破坏造成的撕裂而破裂,使得第一前体纤维网20的部分可延伸穿过(即,比如讲,“穿通”)第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13的平面以在纤维网1的第一侧面3上形成簇6,并且顶盖7将保留在每个簇6的远端部分31上。
第二前体纤维网21可为显微织构的聚合物薄膜(microtextured polymerfilm)。所谓“显微织构的”是指在第二前体纤维网21中的簇6之间存在多个微观织构(microfeature),此类微观织构尺寸得当且尺度得当使得多个微观织构可适配在邻近簇6之间。即,这些微观织构尺寸得当且尺度得当使得这些微观织构可具有小于邻近簇6之间的距离的二分之一的最大尺寸。微观织构可为例如微观孔或微观泡,它们的实例公开于如下专利中:授予Stone等人的美国专利7,402,732和授予Curro等人的美国专利4,839,216、授予Curro等人的美国专利4,609,518、以及授予Curro等人的美国专利4,609,518。聚合物薄膜可为开孔聚合物薄膜,其孔各具有介于约0.01mm2和约0.78mm2之间的面积。微观织构可为凸起部分。凸起部分可为聚合物薄膜的整体伸出部或可为添加到聚合物薄膜的表面上的材料。
如图2或3所示,簇6可包括基本上对齐的多个环状纤维8,使得簇6具有明显的直线取向和纵向轴线L。簇6也可具有在纵向-横向平面内大致正交于纵向轴线L的横向轴线T。在图1和2所示的实施方案中,纵向轴线L平行于纵向。在一个实施方案中,间隔开的簇6具有大致平行的纵向轴线L。纤维网1每单位面积上的簇6的数目,即簇6的面积密度,可从1个簇/单位面积例如平方厘米变化至高达100个簇/平方厘米。每平方厘米可有至少10个或至少20个簇6,这决定于最终用途。通常,在纤维网1的整个面积内面积密度不要求一致,但簇6只能在纤维网1的某些区域内存在,例如在具有预定形状,如线形、条形、带形、圆形等的区域。可使簇6间隔得足够近以便有效地覆盖纤维网1的第一侧面3。
如由本文的说明可理解,在纤维网1的很多实施方案中,第二前体纤维网21的开口4可具有取向成平行于其对应的簇6的纵向轴线L的明显的直线取向和纵向轴线。同样,开口4也将具有在纵向-横向平面内大致正交于纵向轴线的横向轴线。
如图1-4所示,簇6在第二前体纤维网21中的开口4的上方延伸。开口4通过下文详述的方法局部地破裂第二前体纤维网21来形成。破裂可涉及简单地裂开第二前体纤维网21使得第二前体纤维网21的一部分或多部分可被偏转或挤到平面(即,第二前体纤维网21的平面)外以形成本文称作顶盖7的顶盖结构。顶盖7的形式和结构可取决于第二前体纤维网21的材料特性。顶盖7可具有一个或多个顶盖7的通式结构,如图1和2所示。
簇6在某种意义上是被“冲压”到第二前体纤维网21上方的并且可通过与开口4的摩擦啮合从而被“锁定”不动。在一些实施方案中,例如,开口4的横向宽度(即,平行于其横向轴线测量的尺寸)可小于形成所述开口的齿的最大宽度(根据下述方法)。这指示在所述开口处发生了一定量的恢复,所述恢复趋于阻止簇6通过开口4向外回拉。簇和开口的摩擦啮合提供一种层压体纤维网结构,所述结构在一个侧面上具有永久的簇绒,所述簇绒可在无粘合剂或热结合的情况下形成。
如图1-4所示,簇6的一个特征可为纤维8或18的优势定向对齐。例如,环状的对齐的纤维8可被描述为具有平行于Z-CD平面的显著或主要矢量分量,并且当在平面图中诸如在图4中观察时,环状纤维8相对于横向轴线T具有基本上均匀的对齐。所谓“环状”纤维8,是指与第一前体纤维网20成一整体且开始和结束于所述第一前体纤维网中但在Z方向上从第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13向外延伸的纤维8。所谓相对于簇6的环状纤维8“对齐的”是指环状纤维8全部大致取向成使得(如果在平面图如图4中观察的话)每一环状纤维8均具有平行于横向轴线T的显著矢量分量,并且可具有平行于横向轴线T的主要矢量分量。
相比之下,非环状纤维18与第一前体纤维网20成一整体但仅开始于所述第一前体纤维网中并且具有在Z方向上从第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13向外延伸的自由端。非环状纤维18也可具有大致均匀的对齐,所述对齐被描述为具有平行于Z-CD平面的显著或主要矢量分量。
就环状纤维8和非环状纤维18两者而言,由于制造制品时和使用时缠绕到辊上或压缩,所述对齐可为在任何制造后变形之前的簇6的特征。
当在如图4的平面中观察时,本文所用定向在距纵向轴线L的角度大于45度的环状纤维8具有平行于横向轴线T的一个显著矢量分量。当在如图4的平面图中观察时,本文所用定向在距纵向轴线L的角度大于60度的环状纤维8具有平行于横向轴线T的一个主矢量分量。在一些实施方案中,簇6的纤维8的至少50%,至少70%,并且至少90%具有平行于横向轴线T的显著或主要矢量分量。如果需要,纤维的定向可以使用放大部件来确定,例如装有合适测量刻度尺的显微镜。通常,对在平面图中观察到的非直线纤维段,将纵向轴线L和环状纤维8均作直线近似可用来确定环状纤维8与纵向轴线L的角度。例如,如图4所示,一根纤维8a用粗实线着重显示,而它的直线近似8b以虚线显示。该纤维与纵向轴线成大约80度的角(从L逆时针测量)。
簇6中环状纤维8的取向旨在对比于纤维组成物和第一前体纤维网20的取向,就非织造纤维网而言,所述第一前体纤维网可被描述为具有基本上无规取向的纤维对齐。
在图1所示的实施方案中,簇6的纵向轴线在MD上大致对齐。簇6并因此纵向轴线L原则上可相对于纵向或横向按任何取向对齐。因此,一般来讲,就每个簇6而言,环状对齐的纤维8是大致正交于纵向轴线L对齐的使得它们具有平行于横向轴线T的显著矢量分量,并且可具有平行于横向轴线T的主要矢量分量。
在一些实施方案中,如下所述,优势地包括环状的对齐的纤维8的簇6的另一个特征可为它们的大致开口的结构,所述结构的特征在于被限定在簇6的内部的开口空隙区域10,如图2和3所示。空隙区域10可具有在簇6的远端部分31较宽或较大且在簇6的簇基座17处较窄的形状。这与用来形成簇6的齿的形状相反。所谓“空隙区域”并不是指完全不含任何纤维的区域;该术语旨在描述簇6的一般外观。因此,在一些簇6中,空隙区域10中可能存在非环状纤维18或多个松散的非环状纤维18。所谓“开口”空隙区域是指簇6的所述两个纵向末端为大致开口的且不含纤维,使得簇6在未压缩状态中可形成类似“隧道”的结构,如图3所示。
此外,作为制备纤维网1的方法的结果,纤维网1的第二侧面5表现出间断16,其特征在于大致直线的缺口,所述制品由已被下文所详述的成形结构的齿定向地(即,在大致正交于如图1和3所示的纵向-横向平面的“Z向”上)推挤成簇6的第一前体纤维网20的第二表面14的原先无规的纤维来限定。由第一前体纤维网20的先前无规取向的纤维所表现出的取向的突变限定间断16,所述间断表现出某种直线性使得其可被描述为具有大致平行于簇6的纵向轴线的纵向轴线。由于适于用作第一前体纤维网20的很多非织造纤维网的性质的缘故,间断16可不如簇6那样明显可见。为此,纤维网1的第二侧面5上的间断16可不被注意并且可大致检测不到,除非仔细地检视纤维网1。因此,纤维网1的第二侧面5可具有未簇成的第一前体纤维网20的外观和触感。因此,在一些实施方案中,纤维网1在第一侧面3上具有毛圈布的质构化的外观和触感,并且在第二侧面5上具有相对光滑的柔软的外观和触感。在其他实施方案中,间断16可显现为孔,并且可为通过类似隧道的簇6的末端的穿透纤维网1的孔。
从对包括非织造第一前体纤维网20的纤维网1的描述可见,簇6的纤维8或18可发源于并延伸自第一前体纤维网20的第一表面12或第二表面14。当然,簇6的纤维8或18也可从第一前体纤维网20的内部28伸出。如图3所示,簇6的纤维8或18由于已被挤到第一前体纤维网20的大致二维的平面外(即,在如图3所示的“Z方向”上被挤出)而延伸。通常,簇6的纤维8或纤维18包括与第一前体纤维网20的纤维是一体且从其上延伸的纤维。
因此,通过上文的描述,应当理解,在一个实施方案中,纤维网1可被描述为成为了包括与聚合物薄膜成面对面关系的非织造纤维网的层压体纤维网,该层压体纤维网包括第一侧面,所述第一侧面包括聚合物薄膜和多个离散的簇,所述簇包括与非织造纤维网成一整体且从其伸出的纤维,其中每一簇均具有邻近非织造纤维网的簇基座和与簇基座相对的远端部分,其中每一簇的远端部分的至少一部分被顶盖覆盖,每个顶盖均为聚合物薄膜的整体伸出部,所述整体伸出部延伸盖过离散的簇的远端部分,顶盖包括第一开口,所述第一开口包括聚合物薄膜中的破裂位置,簇在所述破裂位置上方延伸。
由于纤维的塑性变形和泊松比效应,纤维8或18的伸长可能伴随着纤维横截面尺寸(例如,对于圆形纤维的直径)的总体减小。因此,簇6的对齐的环状纤维8可具有的簇平均纤维直径小于第一前体纤维网20的纤维的非织造纤维网平均纤维直径。即,构成簇6的纤维的部分可具有的纤维直径小于非织造纤维网纤维直径。据信取决于第一前体纤维网20的材料特性,纤维直径的这种减小有助于感知到纤维网1的第一侧面3的柔软性,所述柔软性可相当于棉毛圈布。已发现纤维横截面尺寸的这种减小在簇6的簇基座17和远端部分31的中间最大。据信这是由于如下所述的制造方法的缘故。如图3所示,据信在簇6的簇基座17和远端部分31处的纤维的部分邻近下文所更详述的辊104的齿110的尖端,并且在加工期间以摩擦方式锁定和固定。因而,簇6的中间部分更自由地被拉伸,或延长,并因此可经历相应的纤维横截面尺寸的减小。第一前体纤维网20可横向挤压簇6的簇基座17。簇6的簇基座17甚至可被闭合(如果源自簇6的纤维足够靠近在一起至接触)或可保持敞开。一般来讲,簇基座17处的任何开口均较窄。其他纤维在簇基座17处的闭合或缩窄或挤压可帮助稳定簇6。
顶盖7为第二前体纤维网21的整体伸出部,所述第二前体纤维网为聚合物薄膜。每一簇6的远端部分31的至少一部分被顶盖7覆盖。如图1-4所示,顶盖7可为具有第一开口51和第二开口52的隧道形顶盖7。第一开口51包括第二前体纤维网中的破裂位置53,并且簇6在破裂位置53的上方延伸。顶盖7邻近破裂位置53整体地从第二前体纤维网21伸出。破裂位置53可为点或线。顶盖7通过如下方式形成:在至少一个破裂位置53处破裂第二前体纤维网21并且将聚合物薄膜拉伸到第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13的平面外以形成开口诸如第一开口51或第一开口51和第二开口52。破裂位置53可限定开口4的边界的至少一部分。开口4的剩余部分可由一个或多个附加破裂位置或顶盖7的部分来限定,所述顶盖的部分邻近顶盖7整体地从第二前体纤维网21所伸出的位置。第二前体纤维网21在没有破裂53的情况下可为流体不可透过的。
第一开口51可为拱形的使得第一开口51在邻近第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13处最宽并且一般朝向覆盖簇6的远端部分31的顶盖的部分变窄。顶盖7可具有邻近第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13的顶盖基座71。顶盖基座71可窄于远离顶盖基座71的顶盖7的一部分。即,延伸位置54之间的距离可小于顶盖7远离(即在上方)顶盖基座71的最大横向范围。第一开口51可为大写的Ω形(Ω)使得第一开口51在邻近第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13处要窄于在簇基座17和簇6的远端部分31之间的中间某个位置的情况。类似地,如果存在第二开口52,则第二开口52可为拱形的使得第二开口52在邻近第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13处最宽,并且一般朝向覆盖簇6的远端部分31的顶盖7的部分变窄。第二开口52可为大写的Ω形(Ω)使得第二开口52在邻近第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13处要窄于在簇基座17和簇6的远端部分31之间的某个中间位置的情况。第二开口52可与第一开口51相对:簇6的至少一部分位于第二开口52和第一开口51之间。第一开口51、第二开口52和任何附加开口可使层压体纤维网1成为液体可透过的。
如果存在第一开口51和第二开口52,则顶盖7可在至少两个延伸位置54整体地从第二前体纤维网21伸出,所述至少两个延伸位置被第一开口51和第二开口52彼此间隔开。所述至少两个延伸位置54可为位于簇6的相对两侧上的相对位置。顶盖7可在至少两个延伸位置54整体地从第二前体纤维网21(聚合物薄膜)伸出,每个延伸位置54均邻近破裂位置53。除了第一开口51和第二开口52以外,还可存在附加开口。例如,如果存在三个或更多个开口(例如,第一开口51、第二开口52和第三开口),则顶盖7可在至少三个延伸位置54整体地从第二前体纤维网21伸出,所述至少三个延伸位置被开口(例如第一开口51、第二开口52和第三开口)彼此间隔开。
如图5所示,顶盖7可具有长度61和宽度62。顶盖7的长度61被限定在第一开口51和第二开口52之间。顶盖7也可具有被限定为顶盖7的最大尺寸的宽度62,所述宽度正交于顶盖7的长度61测量。顶盖7的平面纵横比可被定义为顶盖7的长度61和宽度62之间的比率。顶盖7的纵横比可大于约0.5。顶盖7的纵横比可大于约1。顶盖7的纵横比可大于约1.5。顶盖7的纵横比可大于约2。一般来讲,据认为具有较高纵横比的顶盖7可更易于引起层压体纤维网1的观察者的注意,并且也可沿纤维网1的表面在正交于簇6的纵向轴线的方向上阻抗流体流。
层压体纤维网1中的顶盖7被认为可掩蔽或部分地掩蔽由层压体纤维网1收集并保留在形成簇6的纤维8之间的毛细管中的流体。吸收制品诸如擦拭物、卫生巾、棉塞或尿布中所用的这种层压体纤维网可吸引使用者(或护理人员),因为保留在形成簇6的纤维8之间的毛细管中的潜在地难看的尿液、经液、粪便或其他液体将被遮掩住或部分地遮掩住而使观察者难以看到。在没有顶盖7的吸收制品诸如卫生巾中,簇6可基本上具有经液的颜色,这可能对于卫生巾的使用者来讲是不可取的。顶盖覆盖或部分地覆盖其中保留有经液的簇,因而可使层压体纤维网1显现得不太红或甚至允许层压体纤维网1保持其初始颜色(例如在受到流体侵害之前)。
如果第二前体纤维网21和从其伸出的顶盖7为包括增白剂诸如二氧化钛的聚合物薄膜,则顶盖7可更有效地遮掩保留在簇6的毛细管中的材料而不被观察到。此类顶盖7可更好地保持被感知到的白颜色,许多消费者会将白颜色与清洁度关联起来。
顶盖7可具有大于约10%,大于约20%,大于约30%,大于约40%,大于约50%,大于约60%,大于约70%,大于约80%,或大于约90%的不透明度。顶盖可为不透明的。第二前体纤维网可具有不透明度。顶盖7的不透明度可小于第二前体纤维网21的不透明度,顶盖7从所述第二前体纤维网伸出,例如,由于拉伸前体纤维网21以形成顶盖7。顶盖7可具有不透明度,所述不透明度介于第二前体纤维网不透明度的约80%至约95%之间。顶盖7可具有不透明度,所述不透明度介于第二前体纤维网不透明度的约50%至约95%之间。顶盖可具有不透明度,所述不透明度介于第二前体纤维网不透明度的约35%至约95%之间。顶盖7的不透明度越大,顶盖7就可能更有效地遮掩保留在簇6的毛细管中的液体。顶盖7可具有不透明度,所述不透明度小于第二前体纤维网21的不透明度的约90%。顶盖7可具有不透明度,所述不透明度小于第二前体纤维网21的不透明度的约75%。顶盖7可具有不透明度,所述不透明度小于第二前体纤维网21的不透明度的约50%。
第二前体纤维网21可具有聚合物薄膜厚度t,并且顶盖7可具有顶盖厚度tc。由于顶盖7为第二前体纤维网21的整体伸出部并且是通过将聚合物薄膜拉伸到第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13的平面外形成的,因此顶盖7的一部分的顶盖厚度tc可小于聚合物薄膜厚度t。即,被延伸以形成顶盖7的聚合物膜在顶盖7的至少某个部分处相对于顶盖7所从其伸出的聚合物膜的平面的部分变薄了。顶盖厚度tc在整个第一开口51和/或第二开口52的周围可不是均匀的。顶盖厚度tc在顶盖7的末端部分可相同于或小于聚合物膜厚度t。顶盖厚度tc在顶盖7的末端部分可大约相同于或小于聚合物膜厚度t,并且顶盖厚度tc在介于顶盖7的末端部分和聚合物膜7之间的顶盖7的一部分处可小于聚合物膜厚度t。顶盖7的薄化可提供具有柔软手感的顶盖7。此外,由于顶盖7可为薄的且可容易地变形,顶盖7下面的簇6的特征可支配由具有顶盖7的簇6所赋予的触觉印象。因此,簇6的特征可对于由层压体纤维网1所赋予的触觉印象来讲是重要的。
参见图6,其显示用于制造本发明纤维网1的一种装置和方法。装置100包括一对相互啮合的辊102和104,每个均绕轴A旋转,轴A在同一平面内是平行的。辊102包括多个脊106和对应的凹槽108,所述凹槽不间断地围绕辊102的整个圆周延伸。辊104类似于辊102,但取代具有不间断地围绕t整个圆周延伸的脊,辊104包括已被改进成多排周向间隔开的齿110的多排周向延伸的脊,所述齿以间隔开的关系围绕辊104的至少一部分延伸。辊104的各排齿110被对应的凹槽112隔开。在操作中,辊102和104相互啮合使得辊102的脊106伸入到辊104的凹槽112中并且辊104的齿110伸入到辊102的凹槽108中。所述相互啮合更详细地示出于下文所述的图7的横截面图中。辊102和104两者或其中之一可通过本领域已知的方法加热,例如使用热油填充辊或电加热辊。
在图6中,设备100被示出处于具有一个图案辊例如辊104和一个非图案凹槽辊102的构型。然而,在某些实施方案中,可优选地使用两个图案辊104,所述两个图案辊在相应辊的相同或不同的对应区域中具有相同或相异的图案。这种设备可生产具有簇6的纤维网,所述簇从纤维网1的两侧伸出。
以连续方法制造本发明的纤维网1的方法描绘于图6中。纤维网1可通过机械地变形前体纤维网诸如第一前体纤维网和第二前体纤维网20和21来制造,它们各自在被图5所示的设备加工之前可被描述为大致平面的和二维的。所谓“平面的”和“二维的”仅仅是指纤维网以相对于成品纤维网1而言大致平坦的状态开始加工,所述成品纤维网由于簇6的成形而具有明显的、平面外的、Z-方向的三维性。“平面的”和“二维的”不旨在隐含任何特定的平坦性、光滑度或维数。
本发明的方法和装置在很多方面类似于如名称为“Web MaterialsExhibiting Elastic-Like Behavior”并在随后的专利文献(指的是“StructuralElastic-like Film”)中称作“SELF”纤维网的美国专利5,518,801中所述的方法。然而,在本发明的装置和方法和‘801专利中所公开的装置和方法之间存在着明显的差异,并且所述差异在由其所生产的各自的纤维网中很明显。如下所述,辊104的齿110具有与前缘和后缘有关的具体几何性状,其前缘和后缘允许齿基本“穿”过相对的前体纤维网20,21,实质上是使纤维网变形。在两层的层压体纤维网1中,齿110同时地将源自第一前体纤维网20的纤维挤到平面外并穿过第二前体纤维网21,所述第二前体纤维网被齿110(比如讲)破裂,所述齿将纤维8挤穿第二前体纤维网21的平面以形成簇6和顶盖7。因此,本发明的纤维网1可具有非环状纤维18的簇6和/或环状的对齐的纤维8的“类似隧道的”簇6,所述纤维延伸穿过并远离第一侧面3的表面13,这与结构化类弹性薄膜纤维网的“类似帐篷的”肋状元件不同,所述元件各自具有与其相关联的连续的侧壁,即连续的“过渡区”,并且它们不表现出第二前体纤维网21的破裂。
前体纤维网20和21直接从它们的相应的纤维网制造方法来提供或间接地从供给辊来提供并在纵向上被移动至反转互啮辊102和104的辊隙116。前体纤维网优选地被保持在足够的纤维网张力下以便通过纤维网处理领域熟知的方法以大致平坦的状态进入辊隙116。当前体纤维网20,21各自穿过辊隙116时,与辊102的凹槽108互啮的辊104的齿110同时地将第一前体纤维网20的一些部分挤到第一前体纤维网20的平面外并穿过第二前体纤维网21的平面以形成簇6。实际上,齿110将第一前体纤维网20的纤维“推挤”或“冲压”过第二前体纤维网21的平面。
当齿110的尖端挤穿第一前体纤维网和第二前体纤维网20,21时,在整个齿110上优势地取向在横向上的第一前体纤维网20的纤维的一些部分被齿110挤到第一前体纤维网20的平面外。纤维可由于纤维的移动性而被挤到平面外,或它们可通过在Z方向上被拉伸和/或塑性地变形而被挤到平面外。被齿110挤到平面外的第一前体纤维网20的一些部分挤穿第二前体纤维网21的第一表面13的平面,所述第二前体纤维网由于其延展性相对较低而破裂,从而在纤维网1的第一侧面3上形成顶盖7和簇6。优势地取向成大致平行于纵向轴线L,即,在如图1所示的前体纤维网20的纵向上的第一前体纤维网20的纤维简单地被齿110舒展开并且基本上保持在它们初始的无规取向的状态。这是为什么在如图1至4所示的实施方案中环状纤维8可显示具有独特的纤维方向,就是每个簇6的高百分比的纤维具有平行于簇6的横向轴线T的显著或主要矢量分量。
通过上述说明可理解,当用本发明的设备和方法制备纤维网1时,前体纤维网20,21应当具有与在前体纤维网破坏(如由于拉伸应力而破坏)前伸长能力有关的不同材料特性。具体地讲,非织造第一前体纤维网20可具有比第二前体纤维网21更大的纤维移动性和/或更大的纤维伸长特性,使得其纤维可充分移动或伸长以形成簇6,同时第二前体纤维网21破裂,即不伸长到形成簇所必需的程度。
非织造前体纤维网的纤维能够伸出平面外而无塑性变形的程度可取决于前体纤维网内部纤维粘合的程度。例如,如果非织造前体纤维网的纤维仅是非常松散地彼此缠结的,则它们将更能够彼此之间滑动,并因此更容易延伸出平面外以形成簇。另一方面,较强粘合(例如通过大量的热点粘合、水缠结法等)的非织造前体纤维网的纤维将更可能需要伸出平面外的簇具有更大程度的塑性变形。因此,在一个实施方案中,第一前体纤维网20可为具有相对低纤维间结合的非织造纤维网。
对于给定的最大应变(例如,由设备100的齿110所施加的应变),第二前体纤维网21实际上必须在由所施加的应变产生的拉伸载荷下损坏以局部地(即,在应变区域中)在张力下损坏,从而产生可供簇6延伸穿过的开口4。如果第二前体纤维网21仅是在诱导的应变区域中变形或拉伸而不发生实际上的损坏从而在其中产生开口4,则可能不产生簇6。在一个实施方案中,第二前体纤维网21具有在1%-5%范围内的断裂伸长率。尽管实际所需的断裂伸长率将取决于旨在被诱导以形成纤维网1的应变,但应认识到,就大多数实施方案而言,第二前体纤维网21可表现出6%,7%,8%,9%,10%,或更大的纤维网断裂伸长率。还应认识到,实际的断裂伸长率可取决于应变速率。对于图6所示的设备来讲,所述速率由生产线速度决定。本发明中所用的纤维网的断裂伸长率可通过本领域已知的方法来测量,诸如通过标准拉伸试验方法使用标准拉伸试验设备诸如由Instron,MTS,Thwing-Albert等制造的那些来测量。
此外,相对于第一前体纤维网20而言,第二前体纤维网21可具有较低的断裂伸长率(即,薄膜的断裂伸长率),使得取代伸出平面外至簇6的范围,第二前体纤维网21在因簇6的形成(例如,通过设备100的齿110来形成)而产生的应变下受到张力而破裂。一般来讲,第二前体纤维网21可具有的断裂伸长率比第一前体纤维网20小至少10%,至少30%,更优选地至少50%,并且甚至更优选地比第一前体纤维网20的断裂伸长率小至少约100%。本发明中所用的纤维网的相对断裂伸长率值可通过本领域已知的方法来测量,诸如通过标准拉伸试验方法使用标准拉伸试验设备诸如由Instron、MTS、Thwing-Albert所制造的那些等来测量。
簇6的数目、间距和尺寸可通过改变齿110的数目、间距和尺寸并且按需要对辊104和/或辊102作出对应的尺寸变化来改变。这种变型,连同前体纤维网20,21中可能的变型,允许为了许多目的而制造出许多变化的纤维网1。例如,由第一前体纤维网20和第二前体纤维网21制成的纤维网1可用作用于半耐用或耐用衣服或用于个人护理物品的类似毛圈布的织物,如WO01/76523中所述,所述第一前体纤维网包括可塑性延展的纺粘聚合物纤维的相对低基重的非织造纤维网,并且所述第二前体纤维网包括相对低延展性的合成聚合物薄膜。如下文所更详述,包括非织造材料/薄膜第一前体纤维网/第二前体纤维网组合的纤维网1也可用作一次性吸收制品中的组件。
图7以横截面示出了互啮辊102和104的一部分以及脊106和齿110。如图所示,齿110具有齿高TH(注意TH也可适用于脊高;在一个实施方案中,齿高和脊高相等)、和被称为节距P的齿对齿间距(或脊对脊间距)。如图所示,啮合深度E为辊102和104相互啮合水平的量度,并且是从脊106的尖端测量至齿110的尖端。啮合深度E、齿高TH、和节距P可按需要取决于前体纤维网20,21的特性和所期望的纤维网1的特征而有变化。例如,一般来讲,啮合水平E越大,则第一前体纤维网20的纤维所必须具有的必要的伸长特征或纤维对纤维移动性的特征就越大。同样,簇6所需的密度(每单位面积纤维网1上的簇6)越大,段距应当越小,并且齿长TL和齿距TD应当越小,如下所述。
图8示出了具有多个齿110的辊104的一个实施方案,所述辊适用于从具有介于约60gsm和100gsm之间,或约80gsm的基重的非织造第一前体纤维网20和具有约0.91-0.94的密度和约20gsm的基重的聚烯烃薄膜(例如,聚乙烯或聚丙烯)第二前体纤维网21制造出类似毛圈布的纤维网1。
齿110的放大视图如图9所示。在辊104的这个实施方案中,齿110具有一致的圆周向长度尺寸TL,通常从前沿LE至齿顶111处的后沿TE测得为约1.25mm,并且相互间距相同,距离TD为约1.5mm。对于由总基重在约60至约100gsm范围内的纤维网1来制造毛巾布纤维网1,辊104的齿片110可具有的长度TL范围从约0.5mm至约3mm,并且间距TD为约0.5mm至约3mm,齿高TH范围为约0.5mm至约5mm,并且段距P在约1mm(0.040英寸)和约5mm(0.200英寸)之间。啮合深度E可为约0.5mm至约5mm(直到最大值等于齿高TH)。当然,E、P、TH、TD和TL可相互独立地变化以获得所需的簇6的大小、间距和面积密度(每单位面积纤维网1的簇6数目)。
如图9所示,每个齿110具有尖端111、前缘LE和后缘TE。齿尖111为细长的并具有对应于簇6和间断16的纵向轴线的大致纵向的取向。据信为了获得可被描述为类似毛圈布的纤维网1的簇成的环状簇6,LE和TE应当几乎正交于辊104的局部周向表面120。此外,从尖端111和LE或TE的过渡应当为尖角诸如直角,所述尖角具有足够小的曲率半径使得齿110在LE和TE处挤穿第二前体纤维网21。不受理论的约束,据信在齿110的尖端和LE及TE之间具有相对尖角的尖端过渡允许齿110“完全地”(即局部地且明显地)穿通前体纤维网20和破裂前体纤维网21。此外,尖锐过渡还可形成第一开口51和第二开口52。对于在聚合物薄膜中具有微观织构诸如微观孔、微观泡或其他此类相对小结构(相对于簇6之间的间距而言)的聚合物薄膜来讲,由微观织构引起的聚合物薄膜中的应力集中可形成顶盖7,这与簇突穿聚合物薄膜而不形成顶盖7的情况相反。当如此加工时,除了前体纤维网20和21原先可能具有的弹性之外,纤维网1不被赋予任何特定的弹性。
因此,通过以上描述应当理解,在一个实施方案中,纤维网1可被描述为层压体纤维网,所述层压体纤维网通过选择性地机械变形至少第一前体纤维网和第二前体纤维网来形成,第一前体纤维网为非织造纤维网,并且第二前体纤维网为聚合物薄膜,层压体纤维网具有第一侧面,第一侧面包括第二前体纤维网和多个离散的簇,所述簇包括与非织造纤维网成一整体且从其伸出的纤维,每一簇均具有邻近非织造纤维网的簇基座和与簇基座相对的远端部分,每一簇的远端部分的至少一部分被顶盖覆盖,每个顶盖均为延伸盖过离散的簇的远端部分的聚合物薄膜的整体伸出部,顶盖包括第一开口,所述第一开口包括聚合物薄膜中的破裂位置,簇在所述破裂位置上方延伸。
不受理论的束缚,据信如果第一前体纤维网的纤维具有高度曲线的形状,例如卷曲纤维,则与更线性的纤维构象相比,所得簇6将具有较多的环状纤维8和较少的非环状纤维18。据信这种纤维构象在两邻近齿片之间桥连的机会较少,并且由于它们并不容易拉伸超过其断裂点,因此形成完整环状结构的机会更大。此外,这些曲线形纤维也可通过使用偏心双组分纤维或并列型双组分纤维(如由聚乙烯和尼龙组成的双组分纤维)来制造。
已发现某些非织造纤维网诸如包括短长度纤维的梳理纤维网当用作第一前体纤维网20时在簇6中产生极少的环状纤维8,使得在这些纤维网中所产生的簇6不能够被描述为包括如上文关于图1-4所述的多个环状的对齐的纤维8。相反,梳理非织造纤维网可产生具有极少(如果有的话)环状的对齐的纤维8和很多(如果不是全部的话)非对齐的纤维和/或非环状纤维18的簇6。据信由梳理纤维网制成的簇6中的纤维的这种非对齐状况部分地归因于梳理纤维网中所含纤维的性质。短纤维不是“无尽头的”,而是具有约15mm至约100mm,且更典型地约40mm至约80mm数量级的预定长度。因此,当用参照图6所述的设备来加工梳理纤维网时,据信存在大得多的可能性:松散的纤维末端将位于簇6附近,因此在簇6中产生非环状纤维末端。此外,短纤维还常常不具有与例如纺粘纤维或熔喷纤维相同的伸长特征。然而,即使簇6不具有环状纤维,纤维质簇也可仍然提供柔软性有益效果并且产生具有类似毛圈布特征的纤维网。
如果利用织造第一前体纤维网20,则簇6的形成和结构可非常接近甚至相同于由非织造纤维网形成的簇6所表现出的情况。例如,如果织造第一前体纤维网20具有优势地取向在横向上的可延展的经线和/或纬线,则在用上述设备100加工时,齿110趋于分离纵向线(经线或纬线)并且仅将横向线挤到平面外。因此,由织造第一前体纤维网20制成的纤维网1可具有非常类似于毛圈布织物的外观和触感。
在一些实施方案中,第一前体纤维网20为非织造纤维网,其中存在极少的纤维对纤维结合。例如,前体纤维网可以是具有离散热点粘合方式的非织造纤维网,这在非织造纤维网领域通常为已知的。然而,一般来讲,可期望最小化粘结点的数目并且最大化间距以便允许在簇6的形成期间具有最大的纤维移动性和移位。一般来讲,使用具有相对较大直径和/或相对较高断裂伸长率和/或相对较高纤维移动性的纤维可导致簇6的形成更好且更明显。
尽管纤维网1被公开为由两个前体纤维网制成的两层的纤维网,但它不必局限于两个层。例如,三层的或更多层的层压体可由三个前体纤维网制成。例如,纤维网1可包括卫生制品的顶片、第二顶片和芯。通常,不必利用粘合剂或其它粘合方法来制造层压纤维网1。
纤维网1的组分层(例如,前体纤维网20和21以及任何其他层)可借助于簇6的“锁定”效应保持面对面的层压关系,所述簇延伸穿过第二前体纤维网21中的开口4。在一些实施方案中,取决于纤维网1的最终用途,可期望使用粘合剂或热结合或其他粘结方法。例如,包括双组分纤维非织造纤维网的纤维网1可在形成簇6之后通风粘结以提供层对层粘附以便具有较大的剥离强度。另外,最理想的是将粘合剂施用于前体纤维网之一的至少一部分。例如,在某些实施方案中,层之间的粘合剂、化学粘合、树脂或粉末粘合或热结合可选择性地施用于前体纤维网的特定区域或全部。例如,在使用粘合剂的情况下,粘合剂可以连续方式施用,如通过槽式涂敷,或以不连续的方式施用,如通过喷雾、挤出等。粘合剂的不连续施用可为条、带、小滴等形式。
在多层纤维网1中,每个前体网可具有不同的材料性质,因而可提供具有有益性质的纤维网1。例如,包括两个(或更多个)前体纤维网例如第一前体纤维和第二前体纤维的纤维网1可具有有益的流体处理特性以用作一次性吸收制品中的顶片,如下所述。例如,为了优良的流体处理性,第一前体纤维网20可由相对亲水的纤维组成。第二前体纤维网21可为聚合物薄膜,例如聚乙烯薄膜,并且可为疏水性的或被处理成疏水性的。沉积在上部相对疏水性聚合物薄膜上的流体可被亲水性簇6快速采集。
一种用于快速流体传送的驱动机构可为由簇6的大致对齐的纤维8,18形成的毛细管结构。纤维8,18在邻近纤维之间形成定向对齐的毛细管,并且所述毛细管的作用由于靠近簇6的基座17的纤维的大致汇聚而得到增强。
据信快速流体传送可能还由于流体能够通过由环状簇6限定的空隙10进入到纤维网1中而得到增强。这种由纤维网1结构提供的“横向进入”能力和/或毛细管作用和/或亲水性梯度可使纤维网1成为理想的用于一次性吸收制品的最佳流体处理的材料。
取决于所用的前体纤维网20和21以及辊102(且包括齿110)的尺寸参数,纤维网1可表现出范围广泛的物理特性。纤维网1可表现出主观体验的范围从柔软至粗糙的一定范围的纹理、范围从非吸收至强吸收的吸收性、范围从相对低膨松至相对高膨松的膨松度;范围从低撕裂强度至高撕裂强度的撕裂强度;从非弹性到至少100%的弹性延展性的弹性、从相对低的耐受性到高的耐受性的化学品耐受性,这取决于所考虑的化学品以及许多其他可变参数,所述可变参数通常被描述为屏蔽性能、抗碱性、不透明度、擦拭性能、吸水性、吸油性、渗水性、绝热性能、耐气候性、高强度、高撕裂力、抗研磨、控静电能力、悬垂性、染料亲和性、安全性等。一般来讲,取决于第一前体纤维网20的伸长特性,可改变设备100的尺寸以生产出具有与簇6相关联的范围广泛的尺寸的纤维网1,所述尺寸包括高度h(如图3所示)、和间距(包括簇6的面积密度)。此外,还可容易地通过将所期望的图案显示在辊104上的齿110中来将簇图案化为线填充的形式以及层压体纤维网的选定区域。
层压体纤维网1可包括洗剂组合物。已发现吸收制品的面向身体的表面上的洗剂组合物能够调节穿着者的皮肤特性和状况。洗剂组合物可为当吸收制品被穿着在身上时会熔化的半固体洗剂。洗剂可为疏水性半固体洗剂,其可有助于减小从吸收制品至穿着者的身体的回渗,从而改善穿着体验。簇6可基本上不含洗剂,从而保存簇6的流体采集特性。洗剂组合物可使用湿润辊来施加到层压体纤维网1上。可将洗剂组合物施加到顶盖7上。洗剂组合物可包括凡士林。洗剂组合物可包括以下专利中所公开的洗剂组合物:US5,968,025;US 6,627,787;US 6,498,284;US 6,426,444;US 6,586,652;US3,489,148;US 6,503,526;6,287,581;US 6,475,197;US 6,506,394;US6,503,524;US 6,626,961;US 6,149,934;US 6,515,029;US 6,534,074;US6,149,932;WO 2000038747;或EP-A 927,050,或它们的组合。可施加洗剂组合物,使得按平方厘米上的质量计约75%以上的所述洗剂组合物被施加到所述聚合物薄膜上,即,对于特定平方厘米的包括洗剂组合物的层压体来讲,将按质量计约75%以上的量施加到聚合物薄膜上。可施加洗剂组合物,使得按每平方厘米上的质量计将约90%以上的所述洗剂组合物施加到聚合物薄膜上。
纤维网1可用于各种各样的应用,包括各种过滤片诸如空气过滤器、袋式过滤器、液体过滤器、真空过滤器、排水过滤器、和防菌过滤器;用于各种电器的片材诸如电容器分隔纸、和软盘包装材料;各种工业片材诸如粘性粘合带基布、吸油材料、和纸毡;各种擦拭片诸如用于家庭、服务和医疗处理的擦拭物、印刷辊擦拭物、用于清洁复印机的擦拭物、婴儿擦拭物、和用于光学系统的擦拭物;各种医疗卫生片材,诸如手术服、外衣、盖布、顶盖、面膜、片材、毛巾、纱网、糊剂基布、尿布、尿布衬里、尿布覆盖件、妇女卫生巾覆盖件、妇女卫生巾或尿布采集层(在覆盖层下面)、尿布芯、棉塞衬里、棉塞外包裹物、粘合橡皮膏基布、润湿毛巾、和薄纸;用于衣服的各种片材,诸如填料布、衬垫、跨接衬里、和一次性内衣;各种生活材料片诸如人造革和合成革基布、桌面、壁纸、百叶窗、包裹材料、和干燥剂的包装、购物袋、服装覆盖件、和枕套;各种农业片,诸如地表覆盖件和侵蚀控制装置、冷却和遮阳布、衬帘、用于全面覆盖的片材、遮光片、杀虫剂包裹材料、育苗罐衬纸;各种保护片诸如烟雾防护面罩和防尘面罩、实验室用外衣、和防尘服;各种用于土木工程的片材,诸如房屋包裹物、排水材料、过滤介质、隔离材料、覆盖材料、屋顶材料、簇和地毯基布、墙内部材料、隔音或减振片材、和固化片;以及各种汽车内部片材,诸如除了碱性电池中的分隔体膜片以外的底板垫和行李箱垫、模塑顶板材料、头靠、和衬布。其它用途包括利用纤维网1作为个人清洁或卫生的擦拭物,如用于婴儿擦拭物、面巾或擦拭纸、或体巾。
在一个实施方案中,纤维网1或包括纤维网1的复合物可被用作粪便储存元件。纤维网1当被设置在开孔纤维网或薄膜下时可用作次顶片或亚层,以便接受并容纳排便后离开穿着者皮肤的低粘度的粪便或粘稠的身体排泄物。在纤维网内或簇之间具有较大总三维体积的本发明的实施方案通常提供较大的用6于存储低粘度粪便的容量。使用这种粪便储存元件或亚层的吸收制品描述于除了别的以外的美国专利5,941,864、5,957,906、6,018,093、6,010,491、6,186,992和6,414,215中。
在一个实施方案中,纤维网1包括非织造第一前体纤维网20和第二前体纤维网,所述第一前体纤维网包括具有约80gsm的基重的纺粘非织造材料并且包括具有约33微米的平均直径的聚乙烯/聚丙烯(皮/芯型)双组分纤维,并且所述第二前体纤维网包括具有20gsm的基重的聚乙烯薄膜。在该实施方案中,纤维网1具有约24个簇6/平方厘米,簇6具有多个环状对齐的纤维8,每一纤维均具有约18微米的平均纤维直径。该类型的纤维网可有益地用作一次性吸收制品的顶片,如下文参照图10所示。例如,这种纤维网1为流体不可渗透的,但簇6区域中的情况例外,所述簇可将流体从纤维网1的第一侧面3芯吸至第二侧面5。
图10表示部分切除的卫生巾平面图,所述卫生巾将本发明的纤维网1作为它的部件之一。一般来讲,卫生巾200包括底片202、顶片206和设置在顶片206和底片202之间的吸收芯204,所述吸收芯可接合在周边210附近。顶片206可包括纤维网1。顶片206可与吸收芯204成面对面的关系,并且第一前体纤维网20(簇6从其上伸出)可位于第二前体纤维网21和吸收芯204之间。卫生巾1可具有通常称作“翼片”208的侧伸出部,所述侧伸出部被设计成包裹卫生巾1的使用者的女性内裤的裆区侧部。包括用作其面向身体的表面的顶片的卫生巾是本领域熟知的,因而无需详述各种可供选择的和任选的设计。除了卫生巾以外,纤维网1还可用于尿布或成人失禁产品或其它一次性卫生制品中。然而,注意纤维网1可用作底片、芯材、顶片、第二顶片或护翼材料中的一个或多个,或作为它们的部件。纤维网1也可有多层,并包括顶片、第二顶片、芯、底片、或任何数目的层。
纤维网1可尤其适于用作卫生巾200的顶片206。纤维网1可有益地用作卫生巾的顶片206,这是由于以下因素的组合:使用时优异的流体采集和向吸收芯204的分配、优异的防止向顶片206的面向身体的表面的回渗、以及顶盖7的遮掩保留在簇6的毛细管中的流体的能力。回渗可起因于至少两个原因:(1)由于卫生巾200上的压力,挤压出了被吸收的流体;和/或(2)被截留在顶片206内或其上的润湿度。在所期望的顶片206中,流体采集和流体保留这两种特性被最大化并且回渗被最小化。换句话讲,所期望的顶片可表现出高流体采集率和低回渗水平。
顶片206可通过使用非织造第一前体纤维网20和流体不可渗透的聚乙烯薄膜第二前体纤维网21来制造。然而,组分纤维网的基重可有变化,这一般是出于成本和有益效果的考虑。介于约20gsm和约80gsm之间的总基重对于纤维网1来讲是可取的。当被制作成薄膜/非织造材料层压体时,纤维网1可结合纤维簇的柔软性和流体毛细管吸收性以及流体不可渗透的聚合物膜的回渗防护。当使用卫生巾时,所述卫生巾具有包括纤维网1的顶片206,所述纤维网具有作为面向身体的侧面的第一侧面3、和与下面的吸收芯流体连通的第二侧面5,流体可被纤维网1的第一侧面3上的簇6采集并芯吸穿过第二前体纤维网21而到达纤维网1的第二侧面5,然后所述流体可被解吸到吸收芯204中。由于簇6为离散且间隔开的并且被流体不可渗透的第二前体纤维网21分开,因此可最小化回渗。作为另外一种选择,纤维网1可使用第一侧面3作为流体传输侧,而第二侧面5为面向身体侧。这使间断16能够可能让流体传输到簇6中或通过所述簇传输。
图11表示月经卫生棉塞300的部分切除的平面图,所述卫生棉塞将本发明的纤维网1作为它的部件之一。一般来讲,棉塞300包括压缩的吸收芯302和覆盖吸收芯302的流体可渗透的覆盖包裹物304。覆盖包裹物304可延伸超过吸收芯302的一端以形成裙部306。可提供移除装置诸如绳308以有利于在使用之后移除棉塞。卫生棉塞,包括用作其体触表面的覆盖包裹物,是本领域熟知的,并且不需要详细说明各种替换和任选设计。然而,注意纤维网1可用作覆盖包裹物、吸收芯材料或移除部件材料中的一个或多个,或作为它们的部件。
图12为如本文所公开的层压体纤维网的顶视图扫描电子显微照片(SEM)。如图12所示,顶盖7覆盖特定簇6的至少一部分的远端部分31。在图12中,顶盖整体地从簇6的相对两侧上的至少两个延伸位置54伸出。延伸位置54被第一开口51和第二开口52分开。当从上方观察时,覆盖特定簇的远端部分31的顶盖7可帮助遮掩住保留在形成簇6的纤维8的毛细管内的流体诸如经液。图12也示出了聚合物纤维网中的微观织构,该微观织构为微观孔72。
图13为如本文所公开的层压体纤维网的剖面图SEM。如图13所示,顶盖基座71在邻近层压体纤维网1的第一侧面3处窄于远离顶盖基座71的顶盖7的一部分。图13中的顶盖7为大致Ω(Ω)形的。
图14为如本文所公开的层压体纤维网的放大剖面图SEM。如图14所示,顶盖7可具有两个以上的开口使得顶盖在两个以上的离散的位置从第一前体纤维网21(聚合物薄膜)伸出。
可用作顶片206或覆盖包裹物304的层压体纤维网1可使用本文所公开的设备来制造。一种用于第一前体纤维网20的合适的材料可为BBABico,28gsm,GCAS 95001796,50/50PE/PP,其为得自BBANonwovens的亲水性非织造材料。一种用于第二前体纤维网21的合适的材料可为TredegarX-33350(亲水性),其为一种得自Tredegar Corp.的100目的前体纤维网。可使用表1中所列的两组工艺参数来形成本文所公开的层压体纤维网。齿110可具有0.120英寸的均匀的周向长度尺寸TL,所述齿在周向上被0.060in.的距离TD彼此间隔开;节距P为0.060in.;啮合深度E为0.114in.;齿高TL为0.185in;齿110和凹槽108的尖端处的曲率半径为0.005in;并且齿110和凹槽108之间的谷的曲率半径为0.015in。非织造材料的温度可为约25℃。聚合物薄膜的温度可高于25℃。使聚合物薄膜的温度在25℃以上例如约50℃可形成顶盖7。一般来讲,据认为所加工的材料的模量、温度、聚合物薄膜的微观织构、以及设备的上游侧和下游侧上的纤维网张力可为影响所得层压体结构的因素。
表1
不应将本文所公开的量纲和值理解为对所引用精确值的严格限制。相反,除非另外指明,每个这样的量纲旨在表示所引用的值和围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,所公开的量纲“40mm”旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或换句话讲有所限制,本文中引用的每一个文件,包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请,均据此以引用方式全文并入本文。对任何文献的引用均不是承认其为本文公开的或受权利要求书保护的任何发明的现有技术、或承认其独立地或以与任何其它一个或多个参考文献的任何组合的方式提出、建议或公开任何此类发明。此外,如果此文献中术语的任何含义或定义与任何以引用方式并入本文的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义相冲突,将以此文献中赋予那个术语的含义或定义为准。
尽管举例说明和描述了本发明的特定实施方案,但是对本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出许多其它的改变和变型。因此,所附权利要求旨在涵盖处于本发明范围内的所有这些改变和变型。

Claims (15)

1.一种层压体纤维网(1),所述层压体纤维网包括与聚合物薄膜成面对面关系的非织造纤维网,所述层压体纤维网(1)包括第一侧面(3),所述第一侧面包括所述聚合物薄膜和多个离散的簇(6),所述簇包括与所述非织造纤维网成一整体并从其伸出的纤维(8),其中每一所述簇均具有邻近所述非织造纤维网的簇基座(17)和与所述簇基座相对的远端部分(31),其中每一所述簇的所述远端部分的至少一部分被顶盖(7)覆盖,每个所述顶盖均为所述聚合物薄膜的整体伸出部,所述伸出部在离散的所述簇的所述远端部分之上延伸,所述顶盖包括第一开口(51),所述第一开口包括所述聚合物薄膜中的破裂位置(53),所述簇在所述破裂位置的上方延伸。
2.如权利要求1所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述顶盖包括第二开口(52),所述第二开口包括所述聚合物薄膜中的破裂位置,所述簇在所述破裂位置的上方延伸,并且所述顶盖在至少两个延伸位置(54)整体地从所述聚合物薄膜伸出,每个延伸位置均邻近破裂位置。
3.如权利要求2所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述顶盖在所述簇的相对两侧上的至少两个相对延伸位置整体地从所述聚合物薄膜伸出。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述第二开口与所述第一开口相对。
5.如权利要求4所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述顶盖具有长度(61)和宽度(62),所述长度为所述第一开口和所述第二开口之间的尺寸,并且所述宽度为所述顶盖正交于所述长度的最大尺寸,其中所述顶盖具有由所述长度除以所述宽度所限定的纵横比,其中所述纵横比大于约0.5。
6.如前述任一项权利要求所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述非织造纤维网具有非织造纤维网平均纤维直径,并且所述簇具有簇纤维平均直径,其中所述簇平均纤维直径小于所述非织造纤维网平均纤维直径。
7.如前述任一项权利要求所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述聚合物薄膜具有聚合物薄膜厚度(t),并且所述顶盖具有顶盖厚度(tc),其中所述顶盖的一部分的所述顶盖厚度小于所述聚合物薄膜厚度。
8.如前述任一项权利要求所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述聚合物薄膜为包括微观织构的显微织构的聚合物薄膜,其中多个所述微观织构位于所述簇之间,其中所述微观织构为微观孔(72)或微观泡。
9.如前述任一项权利要求所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述层压体纤维网包括洗剂组合物,其中按每平方厘米上的质量计将约75%以上的所述洗剂组合物施加到所述聚合物薄膜上。
10.如前述任一项权利要求所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述非织造纤维网与所述聚合物薄膜相比为相对亲水性的。
11.如前述任一项权利要求所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述顶盖为隧道形的。
12.如前述任一项权利要求所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述顶盖具有邻近所述层压体纤维网的所述第一侧面的顶盖基座,并且所述顶盖基座比远离所述顶盖基座的所述顶盖的部分窄。
13.如前述任一项权利要求所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述聚合物薄膜包含增白剂。
14.如前述任一项权利要求所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述聚合物薄膜具有大于约50%的不透明度。
15.如前述任一项权利要求所述的层压体纤维网,其中所述层压体纤维网为吸收制品的顶片(206),所述顶片与吸收芯(204)成面对面关系,其中所述非织造纤维网位于所述聚合物薄膜和所述吸收芯之间。
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US20100255258A1 (en) 2010-10-07
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US20100247844A1 (en) 2010-09-30
US8153226B2 (en) 2012-04-10
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US8318284B2 (en) 2012-11-27
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CA2755519C (en) 2014-05-06
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