CN102305757A - Device and method for measuring concentration of high-pressure combustion carbon black particles - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring concentration of high-pressure combustion carbon black particles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the concentration of high-pressure combustion carbon black particles. The device for measuring the concentration of the high-pressure combustion carbon black particles comprises a laser, a first attenuator, a light path collimation component, a first polaroid, a high-pressure sample chamber, a second polaroid, a focusing lens, a first optical filter, a linear array charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor and a computer. In the method, lasers with different wavelengths are successively emitted by the laser and pass through the high-pressure sample chamber, and the concentration of particles to be measured is obtained by measuring the light intensity of transmission light which passes through the high-pressure sample chamber and light which is taken as a reference light path and does not pass through the high-pressure sample chamber according to a Mie scattering theory. By the method, the concentration can be measured conveniently and quickly; the method has low requirements on instruments and equipment, the process of data acquisition and processing is simple, and the measurement range is relatively wider; moreover, measurement results are accurate, and the method is high in speed and repeatability, and can be popularized and applied in the field of particle measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the granule density field of measuring technique, relate in particular to a kind of measurement mechanism and measuring method of measuring burning carbon black granule density under the condition of high voltage.
Background technology
Burning is widely used in the fields such as energy production, thermal power generation, family's heating, communications and transportation, aviation propelling and materials processing.Simultaneously spaceflight delivering tool and various high-performance, lowly pollute, big stream is strong, the development of small size burner, and Study on Combustion Process has been proposed increasingly high requirement.The instability of fired state can cause the combustion chamber heat decrease in efficiency, pollutant increase etc.Under extreme case, also possibly cause fire extinguishing, even the blast of inducing combustion chamber, cause the accident.Therefore need carry out effective diagnosis and monitoring to combustion process.Improving accuracy, real-time that combustion process detects diagnostic signal, eliminate potential danger, increase burning efficiency, is the practical problems that present urgent need solves.Because the burning in the firing chamber has characteristics such as high temperature, strong turbulence; Make the measurement of combustion process; Particularly the diagnostic method to the Actual combustion process also exists many problems to press for solution; So further investigation combustion diagnosis technology; Reinforcement is to the analysis and research of combustion parameter aspects such as carbon black granules concentration, particle diameter in the combustion process, and to improving burning efficiency, rationally utilizing burning capacity, exploitation high-efficient low polluting combustion technology, aspects such as design new work engine all have important and practical meanings.Carbon black granules concentration in the combustion process, size distribution etc. have confidential relation with fired state, efficient etc., in real time discriminating and analytic combustion process, play an important role.
The combustion diagnosis technology can be divided into contact and non-contact measurement two big classes with measuring method by the measuring principle classification.What contact method obtained is the signal of certain local location, and most of contact proving installation can might destroy and disturb Combustion Flow Field when measuring, and therefore, the application scenario of contact measurement method is restricted.Contactless measurement is divided into two kinds, and the one, through the thermodynamic parameter of measurement combustion medium, the analytic combustion characteristic, but, make research in this respect that many limitation arranged because the macroscopic property of burning gases is difficult to simply describe with ideal gas; Another kind is to adopt optical method to measure, and this measuring method can in time respond the pulsation of combustion flame when not destroying tested Combustion Flow Field.And obtain combustion parameters such as speed, temperature, burning particles concentration and Size Distribution thereof.The optical measuring method response is fast, the space resolution is high, so the optical diagnostics combustion technology becomes the important means of measuring burning day by day.Carbon black granules is that the burn incompletely owing to fuel forms; Can regard as by the about 30-60nm of several diameters, spheric grain with complex index of refraction and form; Light scattering method is measured the burning carbon black granules and is based on light scattering principle; According to laser see through scattered light intensity behind the carbon black granules at the degree of polarization of space distribution, scattered light and transmitted intensity with respect to the decay of incident light etc., analyze the parameters such as particle diameter, concentration of carbon black granules.
The patent No. is 200710046526.3, denomination of invention relates to a kind of device and method that adopts the ultrasonic measurement technology particle size distribution to be carried out non-contact measurement for method that the discrete state particle size distribution is measured and the Chinese invention patent of device thereof; This measurement mechanism comprises the wide-band transducer of the signal processing circuit of computing machine, connection computing machine, the pulsed wave transmissions/receiving circuit that connects signal processing circuit, connection pulsed wave transmissions/receiving circuit; Transducer is located at the test board outside; Radiating circuit sends pulse electrical signal; Send sound wave through triggering transducer; Ultrasound wave is received by transducer after the test board wall repeatedly reflects again; Signal through signal processing circuit amplifies, high speed analog-to-digital conversion is transferred to Computer Processing, goes out demutation characteristic impedance in the sample particle by COMPUTER CALCULATION, calculates particle size distribution and concentration according to the acoustic characteristic impedance spectrum.The Chinese invention patent that the patent No. is 200710046525.9, denomination of invention is grain graininess, concentration and density measuring method and device thereof relates to a kind of computation schema based on reflection type ultrasonic signal measurement and analysis; Signal is obtained ultrasonic amplitude phase spectrum do FFT; Convert reflection coefficient, acoustic characteristic impedance, acoustic attenuation coefficient and the velocity of sound; Can calculate mixture density by measured value, get concentration value by known particle and continuous medium density calculation; The error that the acoustic attenuation spectrum that is obtained do spectrum analysis by direct reflection wave and transmission echo again and theoretical acoustic attenuation are composed calculates particle size distribution as objective function.Aforementioned two kinds of device and methods are the method for utilizing ultrasonic signal that granule density is measured indirectly, still only are applicable to high concentration, the suspension of high decay or the sample of emulsion form are detected, and the scope of application is little.
The Chinese invention patent that the patent No. is 200710042874.3, denomination of invention is method for measuring transmissivity relevant frequency spectrum method grain and device thereof relates to a kind of method and device that adopts transmissivity relevant frequency spectrum method to measure particle; It is the pulse characteristic that utilizes particle transmitance signal under the arrow beam of light irradiation; Send the parallel arrow beam of light of two bundles by laser instrument; Photodetector is measured the transmission fluctuating signal in particle sizing district; The transmittance pulsation signal is made relevant treatment, obtain the speed of particle, the size-grade distribution and the granule density information of particle thus.The Chinese invention patent that the patent No. is 200710042873.9, denomination of invention is transmittance pulsation method granule measuring method and device thereof relates to a kind of transmittance pulsation method granule measuring method and device; The particle that utilizes arrow beam of light to shine to flow through produces the transmittance pulsation signal; Detect and adopt the analog circuitry processes signal through photodetector, measure particle.Aforementioned two kinds of device and methods all adopt the dynamic perfromance of light signal that granule density is measured, complex steps, and apparatus structure is complicated.
The patent No. is 02145279.2, denomination of invention is that a kind of Chinese invention patent that can measure the optical sensor of grain diameter and concentration simultaneously relates to a kind of optical sensor that can measure grain diameter and concentration simultaneously; It is made up of transmitting terminal, receiving end, signal amplification circuit, A/D converter, computing machine; The beam-defining clipper of transmitting terminal, spatial filter, transmission-catoptron, semiconductor laser are arranged in order; Be encapsulated in the column-shaped barrel of transmitting terminal; Reference light receiving device and be fixed on the sidewall of the column-shaped barrel of transmitting terminal; The reference optical signal of its reception is transferred to signal amplification circuit via lead, and the convex lens of receiving end and metal framework, diaphragm, two-dimensional adjustment device, photoelectric receiving device, preliminary signal amplification circuit are encapsulated in column-shaped barrel inside.When this sensor was measured, tested multidirectional flow field was subject to external interference, influences the measurement result precision, and reference path is poor with reference to property to the laser stability through tested heterogeneous flow field without the photoelectric receiving device of receiving end.
The patent No. is 200710071293.2, denomination of invention is for relating to a kind of pick-up unit and method based on Terahertz emission and the pick-up unit of the gas solid two-phase flow granule density of sniffer and the Chinese invention patent of method, and this pick-up unit comprises: femto-second laser, coupled transfer optical fiber, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, optical delay device, off axis paraboloidal mirror, terahertz detector, lock-in amplifier, high frequency power amplifier and computer-controlled data Collection & Processing System.It utilizes off axis paraboloidal mirror the THz wave reflected in parallel of terahertz transmitter emission; The THz wave that passes behind the Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid fluid converges on the terahertz detector with off axis paraboloidal mirror, calculates the granule density that obtains Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid on the pipeline section according to measuring the terahertz time-domain signal application different model that obtains.This device and method is realized the detection of granule density based on photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, and cost is higher, is not suitable for utilization and extention.
The somebody has proposed the method based on the dual-wavelength measurement granule density of light scattering method in recent years, and this method adopts laser instrument to send different wavelength of laser, and the laser that laser instrument sends is through being placed on the sample on the sample stage; Light intensity data through recording is measured granule density, but this method laser instrument can only be measured the granule density under the single environment, and graininess is unstable in the combustion process; Be interfered easily; Influence the accuracy of measurement result, and this method step is complicated, is prone to produce error.At present, the also correlative study report of nobody's proposition high-pressure combustion granule density test aspect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of reasonable in design, measurement mechanism of measuring measurement high-pressure combustion carbon black granules concentration accurate, simple in structure.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of measuring method of the measurement high-pressure combustion carbon black granules concentration based on light scattering method.
In order to realize above-mentioned first purpose, the present invention takes following technical solution:
High-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration; Comprise: laser instrument, first attenuator that is set in turn in the laser instrument rear, beam path alignment element, first polaroid, sample chamber, second polaroid, condenser lens, first optical filter, the first optical filter wavelength is corresponding with the optical maser wavelength that laser instrument sends; Be arranged at the linear array CCD image sensor at the first optical filter rear; The computing machine that is connected with the linear array CCD image sensor; This sample chamber is provided with the high pressure sample chamber of light hole for opposing sidewalls, and said light hole is positioned on the horizontal optical axis that said laser instrument sends laser, is received by said linear array CCD image sensor after making laser can pass said high pressure sample chamber.
The present invention adopts the high pressure sample chamber, when measuring the burning carbon black granules, can guarantee flameholding; Be not subject to external interference, and to control easily such as burning situation, outside pressure, in addition; The high pressure sample chamber can also be through the indoor different pressure condition of control high pressure sample simulation practical application scene, like the measurement of liquid particles concentration under the deep-marine-environment etc., for the measurement under the various environment provides experimental data; System light path of the present invention is simple, good stability, the measurement of not only can be used for burning carbon black granule density, particle diameter; Also can be used for the measurement of liquid particles concentration, particle diameter, applicability is wide.
Preferably, said high pressure sample chamber is provided with that an end is connected with high-pressure air source, the other end and the indoor gases at high pressure transfer pipeline that is connected of high pressure sample.
Preferably, said high pressure sample chamber is provided with air in, the indoor fuel inlet that is provided with fuel nozzle and is communicated with said fuel nozzle of high pressure sample.
Preferably, the present invention also comprises: be arranged at the spectroscope behind the said beam path alignment element, said spectroscope wavelength is corresponding with the optical maser wavelength that said laser instrument sends; And second attenuator and second optical filter that are set in turn in said total reflective mirror rear at the total reflective mirror that is set in turn in said spectroscope rear on the vertical optical axis direction, on said total reflective mirror emergent light direction, the said second optical filter wavelength is corresponding with the optical maser wavelength that said laser instrument sends.
Preferably, the present invention also comprises: be arranged at first diaphragm behind the said laser instrument, be arranged at second diaphragm before the said beam path alignment element, be arranged at the 3rd diaphragm at the said first optical filter rear, on the vertical optical axis direction, be arranged at the 4th diaphragm before the said total reflective mirror and be arranged at the 5th diaphragm at the said second optical filter rear.
Preferably, said spectroscope is that transmitance and reflectivity are 50% half-reflecting half mirror.
Preferably, said total reflective mirror is for strengthening aluminium reflector.
Preferably, said laser instrument is a tunable laser.
In order to realize above-mentioned second purpose, the present invention takes following technical solution:
A kind of method of measuring high-pressure combustion carbon black granules concentration may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, adjusting laser instrument, successively sending twice wavelength by laser instrument is λ
1Laser, making said wavelength is λ
1Laser once be transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor through behind the high pressure sample chamber, another time directly is transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor without the high pressure sample chamber, the linear array CCD image sensor receives light intensity signal twice, and transfers to computing machine;
Wherein:
According to formula (2), try to achieve granule density N:
Wherein, D---the average diameter of particles that obtains by the ratio of the particle extinction value of respective wavelength according to the Mie theory; L---the light path in granule medium zone.
Preferably, in said step 1, before the high pressure sample chamber, spectroscope is set, regulates laser instrument, sending wavelength by laser instrument is λ
1Laser, making said wavelength is λ
1Laser behind spectroscope, be divided into transmitted ray and reflection of light light as a reference; Transmitted ray is through being transferred to behind the high pressure sample chamber on the linear array CCD image sensor; Reflection ray is transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor after the total reflective mirror reflection; The linear array CCD image sensor receives the light intensity signal from two light paths, and transfers to computing machine;
In said step 2, regulate laser instrument, sending wavelength by laser instrument is λ
2Laser, making said wavelength is λ
2Laser behind spectroscope, be divided into transmitted ray and reflection of light light as a reference; Transmitted ray is through being transferred to behind the high pressure sample chamber on the linear array CCD image sensor; Reflection ray is transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor after the total reflective mirror reflection; The linear array CCD image sensor is accepted the light intensity signal from two light paths, and transfers to computing machine.
Measuring method of the present invention is measured through delustring and can be obtained granule density, has simplified measuring process, has also enlarged the measurement range of light extinction method, and it is quick to have convenient measurement, to instrument and equipment require low, the simple advantage of data acquisition and processing (DAP) process.The relative broad of its measurement range, and measurement result is accurate, speed is fast, and repeatability can be in the widespread use of measuring fine particles field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Fig. 1 mesohigh sample chamber.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and each embodiment to further explain of the present invention.
Embodiment
Light scattering method is called light extinction method or nephelometry again; Its ultimate principle is: when light beam when containing the medium of particle; Because particle is to scattering of light and absorption, the intensity that makes light beam pass behind the medium decays to some extent, and its light intensity attenuation degree is relevant with the size and the concentration of particle.What light scattering method was measured is transmitted light, rather than the scattered light of particle.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration of the present invention comprises laser instrument 1, first attenuator 3, beam-expanding collimation mirror 4, first polaroid 7, high pressure sample chamber 8, second polaroid 9, condenser lens 10, first optical filter 11, linear array CCD image sensor 13 and computing machine 19.For the ease of describing, before the exit end of laser instrument 1 laser of sending out is defined as.Below be that example is further described the present invention with the concentration of measuring the burning carbon black granules.
Laser instrument 1 is the light source of high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration of the present invention, and the laser instrument 1 of present embodiment adopts tunable laser, can send different wavelength of laser.The rear of laser instrument 1 is disposed with first attenuator 3, beam-expanding collimation mirror 4, first polaroid 7, high pressure sample chamber 8, second polaroid 9, condenser lens 10 and first optical filter 11 on shoot laser horizon light direction of principal axis; Wherein, The intensity that first attenuator 3 is used to regulate the laser that is sent by laser instrument 1; Beam-expanding collimation mirror 4 can improve the collimation property through the light of beam-expanding collimation mirror 4; Beam-expanding collimation mirror 4 also can replace with diaphragm as the beam path alignment element, and the structure of second polaroid 9 is identical with first polaroid 7 with polarization state, and it is corresponding that the wavelength of first optical filter 11 and laser instrument 1 send Wavelength of Laser.Laser is behind high pressure sample chamber 8, owing to receive the influence of carbon black granules in the high pressure sample chamber 8 to produce light scattering phenomenon, light intensity can change.The rear of first optical filter 11 is provided with linear array CCD image sensor 13 on the horizon light direction of principal axis; Linear array CCD image sensor 13 is used for receiving optical signals; And convert light signal into electric signal; Linear array CCD image sensor 13 is connected with computing machine 19 through data line, and computing machine 19 receives the concentration that calculates carbon black granules behind the signal that linear array CCD image sensor 13 transmits.
As shown in Figure 2; The opposing sidewalls of the high pressure sample chamber 8 of present embodiment is provided with light hole a, and light hole a is positioned on the horizontal optical axis of laser, and the laser that laser instrument 1 sends can pass high pressure sample chamber 8 through light hole a; In high pressure sample chamber 8, be provided with fuel nozzle 80; High pressure sample chamber 8 is provided with the fuel inlet 81 that is communicated with fuel nozzle 80, and fuel nozzle 80 igniting backs are 8 internal combustion in the high pressure sample chamber, and high pressure sample chamber 8 is provided with air in 82; Air in 82 inputs to extraneous air in the high pressure sample chamber 8, realizes burning.Also be provided with the gases at high pressure transfer pipeline 83 that is connected with the external high pressure source of the gas on the high pressure sample chamber 8, on gases at high pressure transfer pipeline 83, operation valve (not shown) can be set as required.Laser in light hole a injects high pressure sample chamber 8 after, pass flame, penetrate through light hole a again.
The course of work of present embodiment is following:
Regulate the optical maser wavelength of laser instrument 1; The first bundle laser that sends from laser instrument 1 through behind first attenuator 3 and the beam-expanding collimation mirror 4, decays to the laser of proper strength successively, becomes linearly polarized light through first polaroid 7; Linearly polarized light passes behind the high pressure sample chamber 8 second polaroid 9 through identical polarization state; With the filtering parasitic light, and then pass through condenser lens 10 and assemble, and focus at last on the linear array CCD image sensor 13 through first optical filter 11 of respective wavelength; Send the wavelength second bundle laser identical from laser instrument 1 with the first bundle optical maser wavelength; Successively through first attenuator 3, beam-expanding collimation mirror 4, first polaroid 7, second polaroid 9, condenser lens 10, first optical filter 11; Second bundle laser light as a reference (can remove or not place sample with the high pressure sample chamber) without high pressure sample chamber 8; Be directly incident on the linear array CCD image sensor 13; Laser without the high pressure sample chamber is used for as the reference light that not influenced by media particle; Linear array CCD image sensor 13 is converted into electric signal through twice light intensity signal that corresponding circuit will receive, and process amplifying circuit and analog to digital conversion circuit are imported computing machine 19 after converting digital signal into again;
Regulate the optical maser wavelength of laser instrument 1; Successively send three beams of laser and the 4th bundle laser that is different from the first bundle optical maser wavelength by laser instrument 1; Three beams of laser is identical with the 4th bundle Wavelength of Laser; Repeat said process, linear array CCD image sensor 13 will send computing machine 19 to after will receiving twice light intensity signal conversion, and computing machine 19 calculates burning carbon black granule density according to four secondary data.
The method of the measurement high-pressure combustion carbon black granules concentration of present embodiment may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, adjusting laser instrument, successively sending twice wavelength by laser instrument is λ
1Laser, wherein a wavelength is λ
1Laser be transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor through behind the high pressure sample chamber, another time wavelength is λ
1Laser directly be transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor without the high pressure sample chamber, the linear array CCD image sensor receives light intensity signal twice, and transfers to computing machine;
Wherein:
According to formula (2), try to achieve granule density N:
Wherein, D---the average diameter of particles that obtains by the ratio of the particle extinction value of respective wavelength according to the Mie theory; L---the light path in granule medium zone.
As shown in Figure 3; As preferred scheme, the high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration of present embodiment comprises laser instrument 1, first diaphragm 2, first attenuator 3, beam-expanding collimation mirror 4, second diaphragm 5, spectroscope 6, first polaroid 7, high pressure sample chamber 8, second polaroid 9, condenser lens 10, first optical filter 11, the 3rd diaphragm 12, linear array CCD image sensor 13, the 4th diaphragm 14, total reflective mirror 15, second attenuator 16, second optical filter 17, the 5th diaphragm 18 and computing machine 19.
The rear of laser instrument 1 is disposed with first diaphragm 2, first attenuator 3, beam-expanding collimation mirror 4, second diaphragm 5, spectroscope 6, first polaroid 7 and high pressure sample chamber 8 on shoot laser horizon light direction of principal axis; The wavelength of spectroscope 6 that is arranged at second diaphragm, 5 rears is corresponding with the light wavelength that laser instrument 1 sends; The laser that laser instrument 1 is sent can see through spectroscope 6; The spectroscope 6 of present embodiment adopts transmitance and reflectivity to be 50% half-reflecting half mirror; The light that is sent by laser instrument 1 is through being divided into two-beam behind the spectroscope 6: 50% transmitted light and 50% reflected light, the transmitted light that sees through spectroscope 6 is successively through first polaroid 7 and high pressure sample chamber 8.The rear of high pressure sample chamber 8 is disposed with second polaroid 9, condenser lens 10, first optical filter 11 and the 3rd diaphragm 12 on the horizon light direction of principal axis; The rear of spectroscope 6 is disposed with the 4th diaphragm 14 and total reflective mirror 15 on the vertical optical axis direction; Rear on total reflective mirror 15 emergent light directions is disposed with second attenuator 16, second optical filter 17 and the 5th diaphragm 18; The 4th diaphragm 14 of present embodiment, total reflective mirror 15, second attenuator 16, second optical filter 17 and the 5th diaphragm 18 constitute reference paths; Reflected light by spectroscope 6 reflections is propagated along this reference path; Wherein, the wavelength of second optical filter 17 is corresponding with laser instrument 1 optical maser wavelength of sending out, and the total reflective mirror 15 in the present embodiment adopts strengthens aluminium reflector.The rear of the 3rd diaphragm 12 is provided with linear array CCD image sensor 13 on the horizon light direction of principal axis; The light signal that linear array CCD image sensor 13 receives from reflected light path and transmitted light path; And finally converting light signal into digital signal, computing machine 19 receives the concentration that calculates carbon black granules behind the signal of linear array CCD image sensor 13 transmission.Present embodiment is provided with diaphragm in light path effect mainly is to calibrate light path; And can eliminate parasitic light better; Help the adjusting of light path; When the laser that sends when laser instrument 1 need not to regulate, can diaphragm be omitted, can certainly add diaphragm in different positions according to the needs that light path is regulated.In addition, laser instrument 1 also can not adopt tunable laser, in measuring process, only need to change launch optical maser wavelength different laser device and get final product.
The course of work of present embodiment is following:
Regulate the optical maser wavelength of laser instrument 1; The first bundle laser that sends from laser instrument 1 is successively through behind first diaphragm 2, first attenuator 3, beam-expanding collimation mirror 4 and second diaphragm 5; Decay to the laser of proper strength, be divided into a branch of transmitted light and a branch of reflected light through spectroscope 6 again: transmitted light becomes linearly polarized light through first polaroid 7, and linearly polarized light passes behind the high pressure sample chamber 8 second polaroid 9 through identical polarization state; With the filtering parasitic light; And then 10 convergences of process condenser lens, and, focus at last on the linear array CCD image sensor 13 through the veiling glare that first optical filter 11 and the 3rd diaphragm 12 of respective wavelength are eliminated owing to the sample generation; Reflection of light light is earlier through the 4th diaphragm 14, total reflective mirror 15 as a reference; By after total reflective mirror 15 reflection successively through second attenuator 16, second optical filter 17 and the 5th diaphragm 18; Incide at last on the linear array CCD image sensor 13; Linear array CCD image sensor 13 is converted into electric signal through the light intensity signal from two light paths that corresponding circuit will receive, and process amplifying circuit and analog to digital conversion circuit are imported computing machine 19 after converting digital signal into again;
Regulate the optical maser wavelength of laser instrument 1; Send the second bundle laser that is different from the first bundle optical maser wavelength by laser instrument 1; Repeat said process; Linear array CCD image sensor 13 will send computing machine 19 to after will receiving the light intensity signal conversion of two light paths of the second bundle laser, and computing machine 19 draws burning carbon black granule density according to twice data computation.
The method of the measurement high-pressure combustion carbon black granules concentration of present embodiment may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, adjusting laser instrument, sending wavelength by laser instrument is λ
1Laser, making wavelength is λ
1The spectroscope of laser before the high pressure sample chamber after be divided into transmitted ray and reflection of light light as a reference; Transmitted ray light intensity behind the high pressure sample chamber changes; Be transferred to then on the linear array CCD image sensor, reflection ray is transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor after the total reflective mirror reflection, because reflection ray does not pass through the high pressure sample chamber; Its light intensity can not change; Can be used as the reference light through the transmitted ray behind the high pressure sample chamber, the linear array CCD image sensor receives the light intensity signal from two light paths, and transfers to computing machine;
Wherein:
---incident wavelength is λ
2Laser the time, transmitted ray behind the high pressure sample chamber, the light intensity that online array CCD image sensor measures;
---wavelength is λ
2Incident laser light intensity condition under the particle extinction coefficient;
Known in refractive index; Two wavelength fix and the condition that is more or less the same under; Extinction coefficient is only relevant with the mean diameter D that particle is, can obtain average diameter of particles to be measured by the ratio
of extinction value according to graphing method.
According to formula 2, try to achieve granule density N:
Wherein, D---according to the average diameter of particles that the Mie theory is obtained by the ratio of the particle extinction value of respective wavelength, L---the light path in granule medium zone.
Because possibly there is error in laser instrument at the laser that different time sends; Present embodiment is provided with spectroscope before the high pressure sample chamber; Make laser before being emitted to the high pressure sample chamber, be divided into transmitted light and reflection of light light as a reference; Laser instrument only need successively send twice wavelength different laser and gets final product like this, and the simplified measurement step forms under the spectroscope effect through the high pressure sample chamber with without two light paths of high pressure sample chamber with a branch of laser; Transmitted ray is owing to receive the influence of sample particle; Light intensity changes, and is received through the transmitted ray of high pressure sample chamber with without the light intensity signal of the reflection ray of high pressure sample chamber by the linear array CCD image sensor, can measure the concentration of sample particle according to the light intensity numerical value of transmitted ray and reflection ray.Can avoid changing light path like this and repeatedly measure the influence that brings, realize measuring distribution of particles under the same state simultaneously, reduce the sum of errors instability of laser itself.Present embodiment is particularly useful for measuring the measurement of airspace engine, high-pressure boiler internal combustion granule density.
By on can know that measurement mechanism of the present invention and method are compared with other device and method, have the following advantages:
One, applicability is wide; Not only can measure the burning carbon black granules; Also energy measurement drop (liquid particles) and bubble; When being not used in measurement burning carbon black granule density, high pressure sample is indoor to be used to realize that the corresponding component that burns can save, and those skilled in the art can design corresponding high pressure sample chamber according to different measuring requirements;
Two, grain diameter measurement wide ranges, measurement range can be from thousand microns of several nanometers to, even bigger, and the responding range that can survey particle grain size can reach 6 one magnitude;
Three, measuring speed is fast, comprises the collection of data and handles, and one-shot measurement generally can be accomplished in one minute, tens seconds even shorter time;
Four, accuracy is high, and good reproducibility can be with the measuring error of monodispersity high molecular polymer standard particle and reappearance deviation limits in 1%～2%.
Certainly; Above embodiment is only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described but not to its restriction; Although with reference to the foregoing description the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation, the those of ordinary skill in affiliated field should be appreciated that still can specific embodiments of the invention makes amendment or is equal to replacement; And do not break away from any modification of spirit and scope of the invention or be equal to replacement, it all should be encompassed among the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration comprises:
Laser instrument, first attenuator that is set in turn in said laser instrument rear, beam path alignment element, first polaroid, sample chamber, second polaroid, condenser lens, first optical filter, the said first optical filter wavelength is corresponding with the optical maser wavelength that said laser instrument sends;
Be arranged at the linear array CCD image sensor at the said first optical filter rear;
The computing machine that is connected with said linear array CCD image sensor;
It is characterized in that: said sample chamber is provided with the high pressure sample chamber of light hole for opposing sidewalls; Said light hole is positioned on the horizontal optical axis that said laser instrument sends laser, is received by said linear array CCD image sensor after making laser can pass said high pressure sample chamber.
2. high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said high pressure sample chamber is provided with that an end is connected with high-pressure air source, the other end and the indoor gases at high pressure transfer pipeline that is connected of high pressure sample.
3. high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said high pressure sample chamber is provided with air in, the indoor fuel inlet that is provided with fuel nozzle and is communicated with said fuel nozzle of high pressure sample.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
Be arranged at the spectroscope behind the said beam path alignment element, said spectroscope wavelength is corresponding with the optical maser wavelength that said laser instrument sends;
And second attenuator and second optical filter that are set in turn in said total reflective mirror rear at the total reflective mirror that is set in turn in said spectroscope rear on the vertical optical axis direction, on said total reflective mirror emergent light direction, the said second optical filter wavelength is corresponding with the optical maser wavelength that said laser instrument sends.
5. high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration according to claim 4; It is characterized in that, also comprise: be arranged at first diaphragm behind the said laser instrument, be arranged at second diaphragm before the said beam path alignment element, be arranged at the 3rd diaphragm at the said first optical filter rear, on the vertical optical axis direction, be arranged at the 4th diaphragm before the said total reflective mirror and be arranged at the 5th diaphragm at the said second optical filter rear.
6. high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration according to claim 4 is characterized in that: said spectroscope is that transmitance and reflectivity are 50% half-reflecting half mirror.
7. high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration according to claim 4 is characterized in that: said total reflective mirror is for strengthening aluminium reflector.
8. high-pressure combustion carbon black granules apparatus for measuring concentration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said laser instrument is a tunable laser.
9. a method of measuring high-pressure combustion carbon black granules concentration is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, adjusting laser instrument, successively sending twice wavelength by laser instrument is λ
1Laser, making said wavelength is λ
1Laser once be transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor through behind the high pressure sample chamber, another time directly is transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor without the high pressure sample chamber, the linear array CCD image sensor receives light intensity signal twice, and transfers to computing machine;
Step 2, adjusting laser instrument, successively sending twice wavelength by laser instrument is λ
2Laser, making said wavelength is λ
2Laser once be transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor through behind the high pressure sample chamber, another time directly is transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor without the high pressure sample chamber, the linear array CCD image sensor receives light intensity signal twice, and transfers to computing machine;
Step 3, through above-mentioned steps one and step 2, measuring wavelength is λ
1Laser and wavelength be λ
2The laser incident condition light intensity that array CCD image sensor measures that rolls off the production line, obtaining wavelength according to formula (1) is λ
1Laser and wavelength be λ
2The ratio of the corresponding particle extinction value of laser:
Wherein:
---incident wavelength is λ
1Laser the time, laser is without the high pressure sample chamber, the light intensity that online array CCD image sensor measures;
According to formula (2), try to achieve granule density N:
Wherein, D---the average diameter of particles that obtains by the ratio of the particle extinction value of respective wavelength according to the Mie theory; L---the light path in granule medium zone.
10. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that:
In said step 1, before the high pressure sample chamber, spectroscope is set, regulate laser instrument, sending wavelength by laser instrument is λ
1Laser, making said wavelength is λ
1Laser behind spectroscope, be divided into transmitted ray and reflection of light light as a reference; Transmitted ray is through being transferred to behind the high pressure sample chamber on the linear array CCD image sensor; Reflection ray is transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor after the total reflective mirror reflection; The linear array CCD image sensor receives the light intensity signal from two light paths, and transfers to computing machine;
In said step 2, regulate laser instrument, sending wavelength by laser instrument is λ
2Laser, making said wavelength is λ
2Laser behind spectroscope, be divided into transmitted ray and reflection of light light as a reference; Transmitted ray is through being transferred to behind the high pressure sample chamber on the linear array CCD image sensor; Reflection ray is transferred on the linear array CCD image sensor after the total reflective mirror reflection; The linear array CCD image sensor is accepted the light intensity signal from two light paths, and transfers to computing machine.
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