CN102248102A - Method for integrally forming aluminum alloy equal-diameter three-way member - Google Patents
Method for integrally forming aluminum alloy equal-diameter three-way member Download PDFInfo
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- CN102248102A CN102248102A CN2011101633031A CN201110163303A CN102248102A CN 102248102 A CN102248102 A CN 102248102A CN 2011101633031 A CN2011101633031 A CN 2011101633031A CN 201110163303 A CN201110163303 A CN 201110163303A CN 102248102 A CN102248102 A CN 102248102A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for integrally forming an aluminum alloy equal-diameter three-way member. In the method, the aluminum alloy equal-diameter three-way member is integrally formed by using a three-way die; a multidirectional active loading and forming technology is adopted, the loading and forming process is as follows: a horizontal male die moves first, side male dies move latterly and three male dies move together to reach a final forming position. By adopting a method that the side male dies move in advance to inhibit metal from violently flowing towards a support tube die cavity, the defects in the prior art are eliminated, the one-time integral forming of the aluminum alloy equal-diameter three-way member is realized and the process flow is simplified. In the method disclosed by the invention, by coordinating the loading sequences of dies in different directions, the metal flowing in the forming process is actively controlled and the defects in causing a cavity and folding are avoided. In addition, according to the method, the welding and machining processes are reduced, the defects of the corrosion of a welding joint, the cutting off of a stream line and the like are avoided, the reliability of the member is improved, and the utilization rate of materials is increased simultaneously; and the invention has the characteristics of simpleness and convenience for operation and easiness for implementation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the hot-working field, relate to the hot forming of aluminium alloy, specifically is a kind of method that initiatively loads monolithic molding aluminium alloy equal tee spare by three-dimensional.
Background technology
Three-way piece is the important industrial part of a class, has a wide range of applications in pipeline industry, field of petrochemical industry.In recent years, the development in these fields has proposed higher, more requirement to the three-way piece performance, not only requires three-way piece can satisfy bigger pressure requirement, and requires its overall performance good.At present, the main mode of production of this class A of geometric unitA has three kinds: one is cast form, and the existence of casting flaw makes the casting valve body be difficult to satisfy high performance requirements; Two is welding forming, though this class A of geometric unitA manufacturing is had advantages such as saving material, has the problems such as stress corrosion of weld defect and weld seam; Three are the machining of forging (technological process is: ingot casting---bar is rolling---blanking---repeatedly Plastic Forming---machining), at present, this method is the main processing mode of this class A of geometric unitA, but stock utilization is low, the complicated inner cavity processing difficulties, metal streamline has been cut off in follow-up machined, makes the streamline of member expose, reduce the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of member, can not satisfy application demand.
Chinese patent application CN 1056830A discloses a kind of passing through the pipe topping up; utilize hydraulic expanding-forming to make the method for three-way pipe; specifically be that pipe is inserted in the pattern; through steps such as matched moulds, locked mode, two ends mould tube sealing, topping up, two ends mould relative motion, tapping, two ends mould backhaul, master cylinder backhaul, liftout tank eject, finish whole technical process.At first this method shaping three-way pipe be at room temperature, by to the pipe topping up, utilize fluid pressure to make material generation plastic deformation, the material deformation drag is bigger, and because the pressure that liquid produces is limited, the wall thickness of formed thereby three-way pipe is limited, can't realize being shaped for bigger this method of pipe of some relative wall thickness (pipe wall thickness/pipe external diameter); Secondly the arm of this method formed thereby three-way pipe props up tubular cavity to mould and flows and form by being responsible for wall thickness reduction, material generation plastic deformation, and material plastic deformation ability at room temperature and person in charge's wall thickness reduction are limited, and this makes the arm evenness of wall thickness difficulty of formed thereby three-way pipe control and highly limited (the pipe wall thickness is easy to take place attenuate and excessively breaks).Chinese patent application CN 101596559A discloses a kind of substep contour forging technique of three-way pipe, specifically is that the bar that will heat is placed in the forging die of shaping three-way pipe, forges the person in charge of three-way pipe earlier, forges arm again, finally forms three-way pipe.Adopt this method when first step forging and molding three-way pipe is responsible for, because metal acutely flows to a tubular cavity, the die surface that causes metal to break away from the shaping person in charge gradually forms cavity in the shaping later stage; And when second went on foot the forging and molding arm, the backward extrusion deformation pattern appearred in the effect that blank is subjected to the side direction mould, and the direction that the part material is responsible in the action of compressive stress lower edge flows, thereby was prone to fold defect at the cavity place; Simultaneously, when first step forging and molding is responsible for, the part material acutely flows to a tubular cavity, thereby the mould of being responsible for that causes being shaped produces perpendicular to the offset loading force of being responsible for axis direction, reduce the life-span of mould, even mould ruptures when unbalance loading is serious, and the person in charge's of the three-way pipe of reduction formed thereby axiality.Tsing-Hua University adopts and the identical process program of patent CN 101596559A, forming process is carried out finite element modelling analysis (Hu Zhong, one of king etc. the two-dimentional elasto-Plastic Finite Element Simulation of threeway extrusion process process. the plastic engineering journal, 3 (2) (1996) 33-40), discover that this process program is prone to quality problems such as cavity, folding, horizontal drift bending.
Summary of the invention
Can't satisfy deficiencies such as whole high performance requirements, stock utilization are low and avoid cavity, generation of defects such as folding in order to overcome above prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of method of monolithic molding aluminium alloy equal tee spare.
The present invention includes following steps:
Step 1, preheated charge and mould: with blank heating to 430～470 that prepare ℃, with mould and die preheating to 350 ℃～400 ℃.
Step 5, loading and shaping: by multi-ram forging hydraulic press loading and shaping; In the loading and shaping, at first make horizontal punch simultaneously in opposite directions with the speed motion, move distance is (H-h+1) mm, and wherein, H is person in charge's degree of depth of shaping three-way piece, and h is the arm degree of depth and the 0.5H≤h≤H of shaping three-way piece; When move distance is (H-h+1) mm, side punch setting in motion.Three punch move simultaneously, and move distance is h, finish initiatively loading procedure of three-dimensional.The movement velocity of side punch is identical with horizontal punch.The punch movement velocity is (5～15) mm/s.
Step 6, the demoulding: be shaped after the end, unload and move back mould; The side punch withdraws from earlier, 2 horizontal punch is withdrawed from simultaneously again; Obtain three-way piece.
Step 7, cooling and heat treatment:, and carry out solid solution and timeliness heat treatment with three-way piece air cooling to 15～25 of formed thereby ℃.
The present invention adopts multidirectional active loading and shaping technology, and its loading and shaping process is the motion earlier of horizontal punch, and the side punch moves after a while, and three punch move to final shaping position together.Move in advance to suppress the violent way that flows to a tubular cavity of metal by the side punch, eliminate defective of the prior art, realized that the one piece of aluminium alloy equal tee spare is shaped, simplified technological process; Owing to reduced welding and machining process, avoided defectives such as weld corrosion, cut-out streamline, improved the reliability of member, improved stock utilization simultaneously; By coordinating the loading sequence of different directions mould, the metal flow in the ACTIVE CONTROL forming process has been avoided cavity, defective such as folding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of upper cavity die;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of lower cavity die;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that lower cavity die cooperates with punch;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of equal tee spare;
Fig. 5 is an equal tee spare monolithic molding flow chart;
Fig. 6 is a three-way piece forming process schematic diagram.
1. upper cavity die 2. lower cavity dies 3. are responsible for 4. tubular cavity of die cavity, 5. horizontal punch
6. blank 7. side punch 8. arms 9. are responsible for
The specific embodiment
Embodiment proposed by the invention is a kind of method of monolithic molding aluminium alloy equal tee spare.Each embodiment all adopts the threeway mould to implement monolithic molding aluminium alloy equal tee spare.
Described threeway mould is made up of upper cavity die 1, lower cavity die 2, side punch 7 and horizontal punch 5.According to the symmetry of three-way piece structure, the die in the threeway mould adopts the horizontal parting form, is respectively upper cavity die 1 and lower cavity die 2.The die cavity of upper cavity die 1 and lower cavity die 2 is three-way piece shape.In the die cavity of lower cavity die 2, the three-way piece that is used to be shaped is responsible for 9 die cavity for being responsible for die cavity 3, and the die cavity of the three-way piece arm 8 that is used to be shaped is a tubular cavity 4.The diameter of concave die cavity equates with the external diameter of formed thereby three-way piece.Punch is made up of side punch 7 and two horizontal punch 5.Side punch 7 and horizontal punch 5 are flanged punch, and promptly punch is made up of active section and flange.During work, horizontal punch 5 edge person in charge mold cavity axis direction in person in charge's die cavity of die is moved to be shaped and is responsible for 9, the length of these horizontal punch 5 active sections and the person in charge's 9 deep equality, and the diameter of active section equates with the person in charge 9 internal diameter; Side punch 7 in the tubular cavity of die along the arm mold cavity axis direction shaping arm 8 that moves, the length of these side punch 7 active sections and the deep equality of arm 8, the diameter of active section equates with the internal diameter of arm 8.
Embodiment one
Present embodiment adopts threeway mold integral shaping aluminium alloy equal tee spare, and the three-way piece of formed thereby comprises arm 8 and is responsible for 9.As shown in Figure 1, L is the arm height, and H is responsible for the degree of depth, and h is the arm degree of depth, and 0.5H＜h＜H, and D1 is responsible for internal diameter, and D2 is responsible for external diameter, the arm of this three-way piece and the person in charge's the equal correspondent equal in inside and outside footpath.In the present embodiment, h=48mm, H=66mm, L=70mm, D1=32mm, D2=66mm.
Present embodiment is at the above-mentioned three-way piece that is shaped on 40MN multi-ram forging hydraulic press, and its concrete steps are:
Step 1: prepare blank.The selected material of present embodiment is 7075 aluminium alloy extruded bars, at first bar turning to diameter is responsible for external diameter 1mm less than three-way piece, be φ 65mm, the length dimension of determining blank according to the principle of " constancy of volume " in the plastic forming process is 140mm then, bar is processed into the cylinder blank of φ 65mm * 140mm, defective detail sanding; Blank is heated to 430 ℃～470 ℃ and be incubated 30min with the speed of 2 ℃/s in chamber type electric resistance furnace, mould and die preheating to 350～400 ℃ also are incubated 1h.
Step 2: place blank.The blank 6 that heats is placed in person in charge's die cavity 3 of lower cavity die 2, and makes the dead in line of propping up tubular cavity 4 of the center line and the lower cavity die 2 of blank 6 length directions.
Step 3: place punch.By the multi-ram forging hydraulic press 2 horizontal punch 5 are placed respectively in person in charge's die cavity of lower cavity die 2, and be positioned at the both sides of blank 6, the tip to face distance blank 6 end face 1mm of horizontal punch 5 active sections; Side punch 7 places in the tubular cavity of lower cavity die 2, and make the distance between the axis of tip to face distance blank 6 of active section of side punch 7 identical with the arm height L that intends the shaping three-way piece, in the present embodiment, the distance of the end face of punch 7 active sections and blank 6 axis is 70mm.
Step 4: die matched moulds.Upper cavity die 1 under the drive of multi-ram forging hydraulic press master slider with lower cavity die 2 matched moulds.The position of horizontal punch 5 and side punch 7 does not have skew in the matched moulds process.
Step 5: loading and shaping.By multi-ram forging hydraulic press loading and shaping; In the loading and shaping, at first make two horizontal punch 5 simultaneously in opposite directions with the speed motion, move distance is (H-h+1) mm, and in the present embodiment, the move distance of two horizontal punch 5 is 19mm; When move distance is 19mm, side punch 7 setting in motions; Three punch move simultaneously, and move distance is h, are 48mm among this embodiment; Finish initiatively loading procedure of three-dimensional; The movement velocity of side punch 7 is identical with horizontal punch 5, is 5mm/s; Maximum plastic force is about 1500KN.
Step 6: the demoulding.Be shaped after the end, unload and move back mould; Side punch 7 withdraws from earlier, 2 horizontal punch 5 is withdrawed from simultaneously again; Obtain three-way piece.
Step 7: cooling and heat treatment.With three-way piece air cooling to the 15～25 ℃ after-baking of formed thereby, heat treating regime is solution treatment+timeliness, and the solution treatment system is: 470 ℃ * 50min, and shrend; Institution of prescription is: 120 ℃ * 24h+203 ℃ * 10min+120 ℃ * 24h, and air cooling.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment adopts threeway mold integral shaping aluminium alloy equal tee spare, and the three-way piece of formed thereby comprises arm 8 and is responsible for 9.As shown in Figure 1, L is the arm height, and H is responsible for the degree of depth, and h is the arm degree of depth, and 0.5H＜h＜H, and D1 is responsible for internal diameter, and D2 is responsible for external diameter, the arm of this three-way piece and the person in charge's the equal correspondent equal in inside and outside footpath.In the present embodiment, h=70mm, H=96mm, L=103mm, D1=30mm, D2=60mm.
Present embodiment is at the above-mentioned three-way piece that is shaped on 40MN multi-ram forging hydraulic press, and its concrete steps are:
Step 1: prepare blank.The selected material of present embodiment is 7075 aluminium alloy extruded bars, at first bar turning to diameter is responsible for external diameter (0.5～1) mm less than three-way piece, be φ 59mm, the length dimension of determining blank according to the principle of " constancy of volume " in the plastic forming process is 200mm then, bar is processed into the cylinder blank of φ 59mm * 200mm, defective detail sanding; Blank is heated to 430 ℃～470 ℃ and be incubated 30min with the speed of 2 ℃/s in chamber type electric resistance furnace, mould and die preheating to 350～400 ℃ also are incubated 1h.
Step 2: place blank.The bar 5 that heats is placed in person in charge's die cavity 3 of lower cavity die 2, and makes the dead in line of propping up tubular cavity 4 of the center line and the lower cavity die 2 of blank 6 length directions.
Step 3: place punch.By the multi-ram forging hydraulic press 2 horizontal punch 5 are placed respectively in person in charge's die cavity of lower cavity die 2, and be positioned at the both sides of blank 6, the tip to face distance blank 6 end face 1mm of horizontal punch 5 active sections; Side punch 7 places in the tubular cavity of lower cavity die 2, and make the distance between the axis of tip to face distance blank 6 of side punch 7 active sections identical with the arm height L that intends the shaping three-way piece, in the present embodiment, the distance of tip to face distance blank 6 axis of side punch 7 active sections is 103mm.
Step 4: die matched moulds.Upper cavity die 1 under the drive of multi-ram forging hydraulic press master slider with lower cavity die 2 matched moulds; The position of horizontal punch 5 and side punch 7 does not have skew in the matched moulds process.
Step 5: loading and shaping.By multi-ram forging hydraulic press loading and shaping; In the loading and shaping, at first make two horizontal punch 5 simultaneously in opposite directions with the speed motion, move distance is (H-h+1) mm, and in the present embodiment, the move distance of two horizontal punch 5 is 27mm; When move distance is 27mm, side punch 7 setting in motions; Three punch move simultaneously, and move distance is h, are 70mm among this embodiment; Finish initiatively loading procedure of three-dimensional; The movement velocity of side punch 7 is identical with horizontal punch 5, is 15mm/s; Maximum plastic force is about 2500KN.
Step 6: the demoulding.Be shaped after the end, unload and move back mould; Side punch 7 withdraws from earlier, 2 horizontal punch 5 is withdrawed from simultaneously again; Obtain three-way piece.
Step 7: cooling and heat treatment.With three-way piece air cooling to the 15～25 ℃ after-baking of formed thereby, heat treating regime is solution treatment+timeliness, and the solution treatment system is: 470 ℃ * 50min, and shrend; Institution of prescription is: 120 ℃ * 24h+203 ℃ * 10min+120 ℃ * 24h, and air cooling.
Embodiment three
Present embodiment adopts threeway mold integral shaping aluminium alloy equal tee spare, and the three-way piece of formed thereby comprises arm 8 and is responsible for 9.As shown in Figure 1, L is the arm height, and H is responsible for the degree of depth, and h is the arm degree of depth, and 0.5H＜h＜H, and D1 is responsible for internal diameter, and D2 is responsible for external diameter, the arm of this three-way piece and the person in charge's the equal correspondent equal in inside and outside footpath.In the present embodiment, h=55mm, H=75mm, L=80mm, D1=35mm, D2=65mm.
Present embodiment is at the above-mentioned three-way piece that is shaped on 40MN multi-ram forging hydraulic press, and its concrete steps are:
Step 1: prepare blank.The selected material of present embodiment is 7075 aluminium alloy extruded bars, at first bar turning to diameter is responsible for external diameter (0.5～1) mm less than three-way piece, be φ 64mm, the length dimension of determining blank according to the principle of " constancy of volume " in the plastic forming process is 160mm then, bar is processed into the cylinder blank of φ 64mm * 160mm, defective detail sanding; Blank is heated to 430 ℃～470 ℃ and be incubated 30min with the speed of 2 ℃/s in chamber type electric resistance furnace, mould and die preheating to 350～400 ℃ also are incubated 1h.
Step 2: place blank.The bar 5 that heats is placed in person in charge's die cavity 3 of lower cavity die 2, and makes the dead in line of propping up tubular cavity 4 of the center line and the lower cavity die 2 of blank 6 length directions.
Step 3: place punch.By the multi-ram forging hydraulic press 2 horizontal punch 5 are placed respectively in person in charge's die cavity of lower cavity die 2, and be positioned at the both sides of blank 6, the tip to face distance blank 6 end face 1mm of horizontal punch 5 active sections; Side punch 7 places in the tubular cavity of lower cavity die 2, and make the distance between the axis of tip to face distance blank 6 of side punch 7 active sections identical with the arm height L that intends the shaping three-way piece, in the present embodiment, the distance of tip to face distance blank 6 axis of side punch 7 active sections is 80mm.
Step 4: die matched moulds.Upper cavity die 1 under the drive of multi-ram forging hydraulic press master slider with lower cavity die 2 matched moulds; The position of horizontal punch 5 and side punch 7 does not have skew in the matched moulds process.
Step 5: loading and shaping.By multi-ram forging hydraulic press loading and shaping; In the loading and shaping, at first make two horizontal punch 5 simultaneously in opposite directions with the speed motion, move distance is (H-h+1) mm, and in the present embodiment, the move distance of two horizontal punch 5 is 21mm; When move distance is 21mm, side punch 7 setting in motions; Three punch move simultaneously, and move distance is h, are 55mm among this embodiment; Finish initiatively loading procedure of three-dimensional; The movement velocity of side punch 7 is identical with horizontal punch 5, is 10mm/s; Maximum plastic force is about 2000KN.
Step 6: the demoulding.Be shaped after the end, unload and move back mould; Side punch 7 withdraws from earlier, 2 horizontal punch 5 is withdrawed from simultaneously again; Obtain three-way piece.
Step 7: cooling and heat treatment.With three-way piece air cooling to the 15～25 ℃ after-baking of formed thereby, heat treating regime is solution treatment+timeliness, and the solution treatment system is: 470 ℃ * 50min, and shrend; Institution of prescription is: 120 ℃ * 24h+203 ℃ * 10min+120 ℃ * 24h, and air cooling.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a monolithic molding aluminium alloy equal tee spare is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, preheated charge and mould: with blank heating to 430～470 that prepare ℃, with mould and die preheating to 350 ℃～400 ℃;
Step 2 is placed blank: the blank that heats is placed in person in charge's die cavity of lower cavity die, and makes the dead in line of propping up tubular cavity of the center line and the lower cavity die of charge length direction;
Step 3 is placed punch: 2 horizontal punch are placed respectively in person in charge's die cavity of lower cavity die, and be positioned at the both sides of blank, the tip to face distance blank end face 1mm of horizontal punch active section; The side punch places in the tubular cavity of lower cavity die, and makes the distance between the axis of tip to face distance blank of side punch active section identical with the arm height L that intends the shaping three-way piece;
Step 4, the die matched moulds: upper cavity die under the drive of multi-ram forging hydraulic press master slider with the lower cavity die matched moulds;
Step 5, loading and shaping: by multi-ram forging hydraulic press loading and shaping; In the loading and shaping, at first make horizontal punch simultaneously in opposite directions with the speed motion, move distance is (H-h+1) mm, and wherein, H is the degree of depth that the shaping three-way piece is responsible for, and h is the degree of depth and the 0.5H≤h≤H of shaping three-way piece arm; When move distance is (H-h+1) mm, side punch setting in motion; Three punch move simultaneously, and move distance is h, finish initiatively loading procedure of three-dimensional; The movement velocity of side punch is identical with horizontal punch; The punch movement velocity is (5～15) mm/s;
Step 6, the demoulding: be shaped after the end, unload and move back mould; The side punch withdraws from earlier, 2 horizontal punch is withdrawed from simultaneously again; Obtain three-way piece;
Step 7, cooling and heat treatment:, and carry out solution treatment and timeliness heat treatment with three-way piece air cooling to 15～25 of formed thereby ℃.
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| CN 201110163303 CN102248102B (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Method for integrally forming aluminum alloy equal-diameter three-way member |
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| CN 201110163303 CN102248102B (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Method for integrally forming aluminum alloy equal-diameter three-way member |
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| CN113441664A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-28 | 中机精密成形产业技术研究院（安徽）股份有限公司 | Method for forging and forming three-way water-distribution joint of aluminum alloy for fire fighting |
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