CN102246825A - Biopesticide and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biopesticide and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102246825A CN102246825A CN2011101216974A CN201110121697A CN102246825A CN 102246825 A CN102246825 A CN 102246825A CN 2011101216974 A CN2011101216974 A CN 2011101216974A CN 201110121697 A CN201110121697 A CN 201110121697A CN 102246825 A CN102246825 A CN 102246825A
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- biopesticide
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- castor bean
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The invention provides a biopesticide, comprising a brucea fruit extract, a castor bean extract and an osthol, wherein the brucea fruit extract is 50-75% of ethanol extract of brucea fruits; and the castor bean extract is 50-75% of ethanol extract of castor seeds. The invention also provides a preparation method of the biopesticide, which comprises the steps of respectively weighing the brucea fruits and the castor seeds, rolling and grinding the brucea fruits and the castor seeds, extracting by using 50-75% ethanol, uniformly mixing the obtained brucea fruit extract and the obtained castor bean extract, adding the osthol to an obtained mixture and mixing the osthol and the mixture to obtain the biopesticide. The biopesticide provided by the invention has the advantages of simple prescription, simple preparation method, very strong insecticidal and molluscicidal effects and low toxicity for people and livestock and aquatic plants as well as aquatic animals; and by using the biopesticide, the pollution to the soil and water can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of biological pesticide, relate in particular to a kind of biopesticide of forming by multiple natural products phytotoxin and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The agricultural chemicals that is used for prevention and elimination of disease and pests in the agricultural production mainly comprises chemical pesticide and biopesticide.The use of traditional chemical agricultural chemicals has brought a series of problems such as well-known environmental pollution, ecological balance destruction and food security, realizes that to promoting agricultural economy sustainable development has brought many adverse influences.Enter the nineties in 20th century, along with the development in science and technology progress, reduce and use chemical pesticide, the cry of protection environment for human survival grows to even greater heights.Biopesticide gets most of the attention because of it has characteristics such as safe, effective, pollution-free.Research and development utilize biopesticide control diseases and pests of agronomic crop to develop into one of important subject of domestic and international plant protection scientific worker.
China's biopesticide can be divided into botanical pesticide, animal sources agricultural chemicals, microorganism live body agricultural chemicals and four types of microbial metabolic products agricultural chemicals according to composition and source.Wherein botanical pesticide with in natural environment easily the degraded, non-harmful advantage, become one of green bio agricultural chemicals first-selection.
China's floristics aboundresources prepares usually by the vegetable poison that extracts plant self secretion for preventing damage by disease and insect that biopesticide is drawn materials extensively, technology is simple, with low cost, have good economic worth.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of biopesticide effective and safe in utilization of being made up of multiple natural products phytotoxin and preparation method thereof, and this biopesticide has the harmful effect of well going out, and free from environmental pollution.
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of biopesticide of being made up of multiple natural products phytotoxin, be grouped into by following one-tenth: Fructus Bruceae extract, castor bean extractive and Osthole, described Fructus Bruceae extract is crow courage fruit 50%～75% ethanol extract, and described castor bean extractive is castor-oil plant seed 50%～75% ethanol extract.
Java brucea (Brucea javanica L.Merr.) is called Fructus Bruceae, is separated China tree, little China tree, is the fruit of quassia crow courage, and hardship is cold, poisonous.The bitter principle (Brusatol, bruceine A, B, C, D, E, F, G, the H etc. that mainly contain similar guassin on alkaloid (brucamarine and yatanine etc.), glucoside (brucealin, brucealin etc.), phenolic constituent (brucenol etc.) and hydroxycarboxylic acid (bruceolic acid), fat oil (brucea fruit oil) and the multiple structure.The pharmacological action of Java brucea mainly contains anti-amoeba effect, antimalarial effect, anti parasitic (as whipworm, roundworm, blood fluke, trichomonad) effect, antitumor action etc.
Castor bean, another name Bi pockmarks, Semen Ricini, hempseed are the seed of euphorbia plant castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis L).Its chemical composition mainly contains fat oil, recinine, ricin and lipase.Isolated ricin has three kinds in the castor bean, i.e. ricin-D, acidic ricin, basic ricin.The pharmacological action of castor bean mainly contains discharge function and skin lubrication effect.
Osthole is to extract the active ingredient that obtains from the fruit frutus cnidii of samphire cnidium monnieri drying and ripening, chemistry 7-methoxyl group by name-8-isopentene group coumarin.Osthole is based on action of contace poison, and stomach poison function is auxilliary, and brassicaceous vegetable cabbage caterpillar and tea tree tea geometrid are had the better prevention effect.
Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive select for use 50%～75% ethanolic solution to extract preferred 60% ethanol extract.
Wherein, Fructus Bruceae extract mixes with 1: 1～5 weight ratio with castor bean extractive, and the weight ratio of the mixture of the content of Osthole and described Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive is 0.01～0.05: 1.
Above-mentioned biopesticide can directly dilute stoste the back to be used, also can add chemically effective auxiliary agent, as surfactants such as emulsifier, dispersant, suspending agent, solvent, penetrant, wetting agent, stabilizing agents, or function additive such as anti-caking agent, water absorbing agent, antioxidant; Perhaps this biopesticide is mixed with chemically effective carrier, be prepared into various convenient storages and the formulations of carrying, as emulsion, granule.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of biopesticide, may further comprise the steps: take by weighing crow courage fruit and castor-oil plant seed respectively, roll and grind, with 50%～75% alcohol extract, the Fructus Bruceae extract and the castor bean extractive that obtain are mixed, to wherein adding Osthole, mixed getting.
The said extracted process can adopt the multiple extracting method that chemically is suitable for, as, distinguish soaked in solvent at ambient temperature, filter, filtrate is concentrated respectively in Rotary Evaporators obtain Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive, reclaim solvent simultaneously; Perhaps, be with after load weighted crow courage fruit and the natural seasoning of castor-oil plant seed, put into oil press and directly extract oil, add stirring solvent, leave standstill, get supernatant, in Rotary Evaporators, concentrate and obtain Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive, reclaim solvent simultaneously.Among the above biopesticide preparation method, extracting solvent is 50%～75% ethanol, preferred 60% ethanol; Osthole is to extract monomeric compound that obtains or commercially available Osthole monomeric compound from the fruit frutus cnidii of samphire cnidium monnieri drying and ripening.
After above-mentioned Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive mix with 1: 1～5 weight ratio, to wherein adding Osthole, the addition of Osthole be Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive the mixture total weight amount 1%～5%.
Above-mentioned preparation method can further comprise the steps: to add chemically effectively auxiliary agent in this Fructus Bruceae extract, castor bean extractive and Osthole mixture, as, surfactants such as emulsifier, dispersant, suspending agent, solvent, penetrant, wetting agent, stabilizing agent, or function additive such as anti-caking agent, water absorbing agent, antioxidant.The surfactant that uses as solvent, emulsifier, penetrant, dispersant, solvation has: the sulfuric ester of higher alcohol, high-grade aliphatic ester, alkyl aryl sulfonate, epoxides etc.Anti-caking agent can be alkylbenzenesulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkylamine salt, isopropyl phosphoric acid ester etc.; Water absorbing agent can be sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid-vinyl acetate etc.; Antioxidant can be eugenol, sodium hydrogensulfite etc.
Can select, above-mentioned preparation method can further comprise the steps: to add chemically effectively carrier in this Fructus Bruceae extract, castor bean extractive and Osthole mixture, is prepared into various formulations, as emulsion, granule.The liquid-carrier that is used for preparation has: water, methyl alcohol, ethanol class, ester classes such as acetone, butanone class diox, oxolane, ethylene glycol, kerosene, mechanical wet goods aliphatic hydrocarbon, benzene, toluene, solvent naphtha, methyl naphthalene etc. are aromatic hydrocarbon based, acid amide classes such as dimethyl formamide also can be selected wherein one or more solvent use in case of necessity.As having of dust carrier: mineral powder such as talcum, ceramic clay, bentonite, zeolite, calcium hydroxide, diatomite, Emathlite, also available alumdum, silica gel etc.Available one or more powder are wherein used.
The present invention further provides the effect of this biopesticide in the desinsection or the spiral shell that goes out.Biopesticide provided by the invention can be applicable to crop insecticide, and the harmful effect of well going out is arranged.
Can adopt spray-on process to kill diseases and pests of agronomic crop in use, also can adopt root-pouring method control crops soil insect simultaneously.Biopesticide provided by the invention can directly be dissolved in it in suitable solvent or makes its dispersion in use, in case of necessity also can be to wherein adding surfactant; Or mix or adsorb with suitable dust carrier and be equipped with into various formulations on it, dash when needed and execute the back and use.When using emulsion, aqua, active ingredient concentration generally is advisable with 10%～90%; Finish, pulvis are advisable with 0.1%～10%; Granule is advisable with 5%～20%.According to the application target difference, these concentration can suitably be adjusted.Be sprayed on the object behind 100～2000 times of the general dilute with waters when using emulsion, aqua.
Through overtesting, biopesticide provided by the invention also can be used with other chemical pesticide commonly used, and the chemical pesticide addition is less than 4%, preferably less than 2%.Reduction is to the toxicity of human body and livestock.As being used with insecticide, bactericide such as Folithion, marathon, basudin, sevins.
The mechanism that biopesticide of the present invention causes worm to poison may mainly be the institutional framework that influences the insect enterocyte, causes that cell comes off from basilar memebrane, and cell rupture, fat-body melt etc., thereby destroy its digestive system.
Biopesticide prescription of the present invention is simple, the preparation method is simple and easy, adopting Fructus Bruceae extract, castor bean extractive is adhesive agent, the Osthole that dissolving is strong to insect lethality, have very strong desinsection and kill spiral shell effectiveness, it just has the effect of very obviously killing oncomelania under low concentration, and low to people and animals and water plants and other aquatic animal toxicity, can reduce the pollution to soil, water quality.
In addition, crow courage fruit, castor-oil plant seed and Osthole wide material sources are drawn materials conveniently, and cost is lower, in case utilization will promote the development of epidemic-stricken area aquaculture, its economic benefit and social benefit can not be underestimated.
Embodiment
Following examples will help those of ordinary skill in the art further to understand the present invention, but not limit the present invention in any form.
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing each 1.0 kilograms in crow courage fruit and castor-oil plant seed respectively, it is rolled grind, at room temperature soak with 60% ethanol 10L respectively, filter and collect filtrate, filtrate is concentrated, obtain Fructus Bruceae extract 250g, castor bean extractive 220g respectively, reclaim solvent simultaneously; Get each 100g of Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive and mix, add the 3g Osthole, mix, obtain biopesticide of the present invention, standby behind the dilute with water.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing each 1.0 kilograms in the crow courage fruit of natural seasoning and castor-oil plant seed respectively, put into oil press and directly extract oil, add 60% ethanol 6L again, stir, leave standstill, get supernatant, concentrate respectively and obtain Fructus Bruceae extract 180g and castor bean extractive 150g, reclaim solvent simultaneously; Get each 100g of Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive and mix, add the 2g Osthole, mix, obtain biopesticide of the present invention, standby behind the dilute with water.
Embodiment 3
Take by weighing each 1.0 kilograms in crow courage fruit and castor-oil plant seed respectively, it is rolled grind, at room temperature soak with 50% ethanol 10L respectively, filter and collect filtrate, filtrate is concentrated, obtain Fructus Bruceae extract 220g, castor bean extractive 200g respectively, reclaim solvent simultaneously; Get each 100g of Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive and mix, add the 10g Osthole, mix, obtain biopesticide of the present invention, standby behind the dilute with water.
Embodiment 4
Take by weighing each 1.0 kilograms in the crow courage fruit of natural seasoning and castor-oil plant seed respectively, put into oil press and directly extract oil, add 75% ethanol 6L again, stir, leave standstill, get supernatant, concentrate respectively and obtain Fructus Bruceae extract 200g and castor bean extractive 170g, reclaim solvent simultaneously; Get each 100g of Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive and mix, add the 2g Osthole, mix, obtain biopesticide of the present invention, standby behind the dilute with water.
Embodiment 5
After the arbitrary medicinal extract natural seasoning for preparing among the embodiment 1 to embodiment 4,, obtain the soup of 1g/ml with the Tween 80 aqueous solution dissolving of 100ml0.1%.
Embodiment 6
Get 25 parts of the biopesticides that prepare among the embodiment 1,25 parts of PEO diphenyl ether, dimethylbenzene is mixed into emulsion for 50 parts, and it is 0.05% soup that water is diluted to active ingredient concentration with this emulsion.
Embodiment 7
Get 10 parts of the biopesticides that prepare among the embodiment 2,10 parts of Tween 80s (trade name), 30 parts in acetone and water are modulated into the emulsion that contains reactive compound 10% for 50 parts, further behind the dilute with water as medicine liquid spray.
Embodiment 8
Biopesticide and 10 parts of ethylene glycol, 20 parts of dimethyl formamides, 10 parts of alkyl xylene ammonium chlorides and 52 parts of methyl alcohol mixed dissolutions with preparing among 8 parts of embodiment 1 promptly get 100 parts of emulsions.
Embodiment 9
The biopesticide for preparing among 10 parts of embodiment 1 is mixed pulverizing with the sodium salt of 15 parts of starch, 72 parts of powdered bentonites and 3 parts of sulfuric acid dodecyl esters, promptly get 100 parts of granules.
The insecticidal activity experiment
3 groups are established in experiment, and the A group is the biopesticide that the method according to embodiment 1 prepares, and are diluted with water to that to contain Osthole concentration be 0.5g/ml.The B group is the matrine of 5g/ml for concentration.The C group is the rotenone of 5g/ml for concentration.Test A, B, three groups of insecticidal activities of C to Homoptera, Lepidoptera and coleopteran pest black peach aphid, cabbage caterpillar, rice weevil worm, diamond-back moth and cotton cotton bollworm.
With A, B, the water dissolving respectively of three experimental group of C, stir, being mixed with concentration is 100g/L, 30g/L, 10g/L and 3g/L, volume is respectively the soup of 1L.Get each 100 of black peach aphid, cabbage caterpillar, rice weevil worm, diamond-back moth and cotton cotton bollworms, with water sprager soup is evenly sprayed black peach aphid, cabbage caterpillar, rice weevil worm, diamond-back moth and cotton cotton bollworm, the result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 insecticidal effect data
The above results shows, three groups of A, B, C have certain insecticidal activity to black peach aphid, cabbage caterpillar, rice weevil worm, diamond-back moth and 5 kinds of insects of cotton cotton bollworm.B group matrine and C group rotenone are the agricultural chemical insecticides of using always.Compare with the C group with the B group, the A group has demonstrated stronger activity, and its deinsectization rate is to black peach aphid IC
50Be 2.21g/L, to cabbage caterpillar IC
50Be 4.32g/L, to rice weevil worm IC
50Be 2.11g/L, to diamond-back moth IC
50Be 0.48g/L, to cotton bollworm IC
50Be 1.47g/L.
The The above results explanation, the present invention has the harmful effect of well going out when being applied to crop insecticide by the biopesticide of being made up of multiple natural products phytotoxin.
Snail killing experiment
Three groups, biopesticide group of the present invention, standard items group and control group are established in experiment.The biopesticide group prepares for the method according to embodiment 1, and being diluted with water to the concentration that contains Osthole is 0.5g/ml, and the experiment area is 40m
2The standard items group adopts the United Nations to recommend the chemical molluscicide niclosamidum that uses, and dosage is 2g/ml, and the experiment area is 40m
2Control group adopts the clear water contrast, experiment area 20m
2
Water consumption by 1g medicine 1L water is dissolved above-mentioned biopesticide and niclosamidum respectively, with water sprager soup evenly is sprayed on oncomelania respectively after stirring; The clear water control group is pressed 1kg/m
2Spray clear water.Experimental result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 sn ail control effect data
| Group | Catch spiral shell sum (only) | Dead spiral shell number (only) | Corrected mortality (%) |
| The biopesticide group | 407 | 400 | 98.1 |
| The standard items group | 272 | 191 | 70.2 |
| The clear water control group | 122 | 3 | - |
Experimental result shows, sprays the biopesticide group, and the oncomelania corrected mortality reaches 98.1%, chemical molluscicide niclosamidum group, and the oncomelania corrected mortality is 70.2%, two group and has significant difference.This shows that the on-the-spot spray application of biopesticide of the present invention has the very high spiral shell that kills and renders a service.
Claims (10)
1. biopesticide, it is characterized in that, be made up of Fructus Bruceae extract, castor bean extractive and Osthole, described Fructus Bruceae extract is crow courage fruit 50%～75% ethanol extract, and described castor bean extractive is castor-oil plant seed 50%～75% ethanol extract.
2. biopesticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Fructus Bruceae extract mixes with 1: 1～5 weight ratio with castor bean extractive, and the weight ratio of the mixture of the content of described Osthole and described Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive is 0.01～0.05: 1.
3. biopesticide as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, can add chemically effectively carrier.
4. biopesticide as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, can add chemically effectively auxiliary agent.
5. the preparation method of a biopesticide is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: take by weighing crow courage fruit and castor-oil plant seed respectively, roll and grind,, Fructus Bruceae extract and the castor bean extractive that obtains mixed with 50%～75% alcohol extract, to wherein adding Osthole, mixed getting.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described Fructus Bruceae extract mixes with 1: 1～5 weight ratio with castor bean extractive, and the adding percentage by weight is 1%～5% Osthole in the mixture of described Fructus Bruceae extract and castor bean extractive.
7. as claim 5 or 6 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that, further in described mixture, add chemically effectively auxiliary agent.
8. as claim 5 or 6 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that, further in described mixture, add chemically effectively carrier, make emulsion.
9. as claim 5 or 6 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that, further in described mixture, add chemically effectively carrier, make granule.
10. claim 1 or 2 described biopesticides are used for desinsection and/or the spiral shell that goes out.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104381314A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-04 | 夏征梅 | Botanical insecticide |
| CN105248488A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-20 | 界首市保华种植专业合作社 | Biological insecticide containing brucea javanica |
| CN106305863A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽徽王农业有限公司 | Antifungal insecticide for blueberries and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN107006539A (en) * | 2017-04-30 | 2017-08-04 | 惠州市东江园林工程有限公司 | A kind of soil disinfection composition |
| CN108423774A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-08-21 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of water body is except spiral shell and purification double action agent and application thereof |
| CN109438376A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-08 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | A kind of bis- heteroaryl substituted triazole compounds of 4,5- and the preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104381314A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-04 | 夏征梅 | Botanical insecticide |
| CN105248488A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-20 | 界首市保华种植专业合作社 | Biological insecticide containing brucea javanica |
| CN106305863A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽徽王农业有限公司 | Antifungal insecticide for blueberries and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN107006539A (en) * | 2017-04-30 | 2017-08-04 | 惠州市东江园林工程有限公司 | A kind of soil disinfection composition |
| CN108423774A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-08-21 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of water body is except spiral shell and purification double action agent and application thereof |
| CN109438376A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-08 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | A kind of bis- heteroaryl substituted triazole compounds of 4,5- and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109438376B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-09-04 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | 4, 5-diheteroaryl substituted triazole compound and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20111123 |