CN102237035A - Display apparatus, electronic appliance, and method of driving display apparatus - Google Patents
Display apparatus, electronic appliance, and method of driving display apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
- G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
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Abstract
The invention discloses a display apparatus, an electronic appliance, and a method of driving display apparatus. The display apparatus includes: a display panel unit in which electro-optical devices that emit display light are arranged in the form of a matrix; and a control unit performing display grayscale control by sequentially selecting the electro-optical devices are arranged and driving the selected electro-optical devices in order with a first signal voltage and a second signal voltage based on an image signal, wherein the control unit divides a grayscale range that can be expressed by the second signal voltage into a plurality of areas and performs a grayscale interpolation operation for interpolating the display grayscales by the electro-optical devices by setting voltage values of the first signal voltage and the second signal voltage according to the grayscales of the image signal as commonly using respective setting information of the first signal voltage for each divided area of the second signal voltage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the to have display device display device of (it is also referred to as electro-optical device), the method that has the electronic apparatus of display device and drive display device.More specifically, the present invention relates to the control technology (configuration of gray level control) of display gray scale.
Background technology
Exist to use electro-optical device that brightness changes according to impressed voltage or mobile electric current display device as pixel display device.For example, brightness is liquid crystal display device according to the representative example of the electro-optical device that impressed voltage changes, and the representative example of the electro-optical device that the electric current that the brightness basis flows changes is organic electroluminescence device (organic electroluminescent (organic EL), an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED); Hereinafter referred to as " organic EL ").The organic EL display that uses back one organic EL device is to be used as the so-called self-emission display apparatus of pixel display device as the electro-optical device of selfluminous element.
Use the display device of electro-optical device can adopt simply (passive) matrix method or active matrix method as its driving method.Yet the problem that the display device of simple matrix method has is to be difficult to realize having the large-scale high-definition display device of simple structure.
Because this problem, developed energetically by will be placed in the pixel active device (for example, insulating gate type field effect tube (thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT) usually)) controls the active matrix method of supplying with the picture element signal of luminescent device in this pixel as switching transistor.
Under the situation that electro-optical device shows, received image signal in the maintenance electric capacity of settling in the grid (control input end) of driving transistors, that provide via image signal line is provided switching transistor (sampling transistor), and will supply with electro-optical device based on the drive signal of received received image signal.
In using the liquid crystal indicator of liquid crystal display device as electro-optical device, liquid crystal display device is the voltage driven type device, only is subjected to the driving based on the voltage signal of the received image signal that keeps receiving in the electric capacity thus.By contrast, use the current drive-type device (as, organic EL device) in the display device as electro-optical device, driving transistors will be converted to current signal based on the drive signal (voltage signal) of the received image signal that keeps receiving in the electric capacity, and drive current is supplied with organic EL device etc.
Here, be known that the threshold voltage of the active device (driving transistors) that drives electro-optical device or mobility change owing to technique change or environment.In view of the above, in order in the whole screen of display device, to control display brightness equably, studied the configuration (being used for keeping consistently the driving signal constancy treatment technology of drive signal) that changes in order to the caused brightness of the characteristic variations of proofreading and correct the above-mentioned active device that is used to drive in each image element circuit in every way.
Summary of the invention
Yet, in general display device (being not limited to organic EL display), in order to control the display gray scale of display device, the level of the picture signal of controlling and driving electro-optical device simply.Yet according to the method, the display gray scale of electro-optical device and the number of grey levels of picture signal are 1: 1, need to increase quantity corresponding to the gray level of picture signal thus so that increase the quantity of display gray scale.In other words, need the quantity of increase, and this causes cost to increase corresponding to the gray level of the output driver of picture signal.On the contrary, if the quantity of gray level that reduces picture signal is to reduce the cost of output driver, then the quantity of the display gray scale of electro-optical device also reduces, and under the situation of the quantity that only reduces denotable gray level, shows that image quality correspondingly worsens.
As mentioned above, in the gray level control technology of prior art, be not satisfied in the quantity of seeking that cost reduces and image quality is expanded display gray scale in the two.
In view of the above, expectation provides and can seek that cost reduces and image quality is expanded the configuration of the quantity of display gray scale in the two.
According to the embodiment of the invention, by selecting the electro-optical device in the display panel unit successively and drive selected electro-optical device in order carrying out display gray scale control by utilizing based on first signal voltage of picture signal and secondary signal voltage, in the wherein said display panel unit with matrix arrangement the electro-optical device of emission display light.
In display gray scale control, the denotable grey level range of secondary signal voltage is divided into a plurality of zones, and be set to use each configuration information of first signal voltage by magnitude of voltage publicly, be used for the gray level interpolation operation of the display gray scale of interpolation electro-optical device with execution at each cut zone of secondary signal voltage according to gray level first signal voltage of picture signal and secondary signal voltage.
In the aforesaid embodiment of the invention, during the display driver of electro-optical device, by the magnitude of voltage of first signal voltage and secondary signal voltage is set respectively according to the gray level of picture signal, carry out the gray level interpolation operation that is used in each electro-optical device interpolation display gray scale.In view of the above, realized such gray level: its quantity greater than for original setting by picture signal the quantity of possible gray level.In view of the above, the configuration of driving circuit obtains simplifying (uncomplicated), and can carry out the high definition gray level expressing.
Further,, the denotable grey level range of secondary signal voltage is divided into a plurality of zones, and the configuration information that will be used for first signal voltage of gray level interpolation is used for each cut zone of secondary signal voltage publicly according to embodiments of the invention.Need not to prepare the configuration information of first signal voltage, and public configuration information can be used for each zone at all secondary signal magnitudes of voltage.In view of the above, than the situation of preparing the configuration information of first signal voltage at all secondary signal magnitudes of voltage, reduced the memory space of the configuration information of first signal voltage.
According to embodiments of the invention, can seek that cost reduces and image quality realize when improving both its quantity greater than for original setting by picture signal the expression of gray level of possible number of grey levels.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of schematic illustrations according to the configuration of the display device of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the figure of diagram according to the image element circuit of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the sequential chart of the driving timing of diagram image element circuit;
Fig. 4 A is the figure of diagram according to the gray level control of first comparative example;
Fig. 4 B is the figure of diagram according to the gray level control of second comparative example;
Fig. 5 A is the figure of diagram according to the basis of the gray level control of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 B is the figure of diagram according to the modified example of the gray level control of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 A is the figure (Fig. 1) that illustrates the example of the electronic apparatus of having used the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 B is the figure (Fig. 2) that illustrates the example of the electronic apparatus of having used the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 C is the figure (Fig. 3) that illustrates the example of the electronic apparatus of having used the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Hereinafter embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
To describe with following order.
1. basic design (summary of display device, the basis of pixel drive, gray level control)
2. the summary of whole display device
3. image element circuit
4. the work of image element circuit (overall work)
5. gray level control (first comparative example, second comparative example, embodiment (basis) and embodiment (modified example))
6. electronic apparatus
＜basic design 〉
[summary of display device]
At first, the summary of the active matrix type display of electro-optical device description is equipped with.This display device comprises a plurality of pixels.Each pixel is equipped with the luminescent device (example of electro-optical device) with luminescence unit and the driving circuit of this luminescent device.
As luminescence unit, for example, can use organic electroluminescent (EL) luminescence unit, inorganic EL (EL) luminescence unit, LED luminescence unit or semiconductor laser light emitting unit.For example, the luminescence unit of organic EL device has known configuration or structure, as: anode electrode, hole transmission layer, luminescent layer, electron transfer layer, cathode electrode etc.Hereinafter, as pixel display device, example organic EL device.Yet this is exemplary, and the object display device is not limited to organic EL device.Generally speaking, the embodiments of the invention of describing after a while can be applicable to by carrying out current drives and luminous whole display devices in the same manner.
Display device comprises horizontal drive unit (signal output apparatus) at least, and it supplies with image element circuit with signal potential; Write scanning element, it carries out the scanning that the signal potential that the horizontal drive unit is provided is supplied with the grid of driving transistors; And pixel-array unit, wherein arranged image element circuit.
Pixel-array unit comprises: luminescent device, and it is arranged to the form of two-dimensional matrix H * V, and H is on first direction (for example, horizontal direction), and V is being different from the second direction of first direction (definitely, with the direction of first direction quadrature, for example, vertical direction); The V bar is write sweep trace, and it is connected to writes scanning element, and extends upward in first party; And H bar image signal line (data line), it is connected to the horizontal drive unit, and extends upward in second party.Horizontal drive unit, the configuration of writing scanning element and pixel-array unit or structure can be known.
As the driving circuit that is used for driven for emitting lights unit (luminescent device), there are various circuit.For example, as is known, there are basically the driving circuit (5Tr/1C driving circuit) that constitutes by five transistors and capacitor cell, the driving circuit (4Tr/1C driving circuit) that constitutes by four transistors and capacitor cell basically, the driving circuit (3Tr/1C driving circuit) that constitutes by three transistors and capacitor cell basically and basically by two transistors and the driving circuit (2Tr/1C driving circuit) that capacitor cell constitutes.
As transistor,, the driving transistors of driven for emitting lights device is provided and switches the sampling transistor (write transistor) that drives by writing scanning element as minimal configuration.In embodiments of the present invention, in order to realize the function of booting, capacitor cell is connected between the grid and source electrode of driving transistors.
A tie point of the grid of driving transistors, the source/drain regions of sampling transistor and capacitor cell one end can constitute first node, and an end of the source electrode of driving transistors, light-emitting component and the tie point of the capacitor cell other end can constitute Section Point.
Under the situation of colored display communication (correspondence), an image element circuit is made up of three sub-pixels (the blue emission sub-pixel of the red emission sub-pixel of red-emitting, the green emission sub-pixel of transmitting green light and emission blue light) usually.
[basis of pixel drive]
In the following description, suppose drive to constitute the luminescent device of each pixel, and display frame speed is FR (inferior/second) to go sequential system.That is, drive simultaneously v capable (here, v=1,2,3 ..., V) go up V/3 the pixel (more properly, constituting the luminescent device of V sub-pixel) of arranging.In other words, control luminous/non-luminous timing of each luminescent device that constitutes delegation with the behavior unit under each luminescent device.In this case, the processing that writes picture signal about each pixel that constitutes delegation can be the processing (hereinafter can only be described as writing simultaneously processings) that writes picture signal about all pixels simultaneously, perhaps can be to each pixel order write the processing (hereinafter can only be described as the sequential write processing) of picture signal.Writing the selection of processing can suitably carry out according to the configuration of driving circuit.
As general rule, with description be positioned at the capable h of v row (h=1,2,3 ..., the driving of light-emitting component H) and work.Hereinafter this luminescent device is described as (h, v) a luminescent device or (h, v) a sub-pixel.In addition, till the horizontal scanning period (v horizontal scanning period) of each luminescent device of arranging finishes, carry out various processing (threshold voltage is eliminated and handled, writes and handle and the mobility treatment for correcting) on v is capable.Need in v horizontal scanning period, carry out to write and handle or the mobility treatment for correcting.In this case, according to the kind of driving circuit, can carry out before v horizontal scanning period that threshold voltage eliminate to be handled or based on the pre-service of this processing.
After various processing were all finished, the luminescence unit that each luminescent device of being arranged on capable by v constitutes was devoted oneself to work.After various processing were all finished, luminescence unit can be devoted oneself to work immediately, perhaps can devote oneself to work afterwards through the schedule time (for example, as the long horizontal scanning period of the row of predetermined quantity).This schedule time can suitably be provided with according to the specification of display device or the configuration of driving circuit.In the following description, for convenience of explanation, suppose that luminescence unit devotes oneself to work immediately after various finishing dealing with.Before the horizontal scanning period of each luminescent device of arranging on (v+v ') row the just in time began, the luminous of the luminescence unit of arranging on v is capable that each luminescent device constituted continued.
" v " determined by the design specification of display device.That is, the luminous of the luminescence unit of arranging on the v of certain display frame is capable that each luminescent device constituted continues, up to (v+v '-1) till the individual horizontal scanning period.On the other hand, as primitive rule, the luminescence unit of arranging on v is capable that each luminescent device constituted keeps not luminance, up in the time of (v+v ') individual horizontal scanning period from the, in next display frame, finish in v horizontal scanning period write handle or the mobility treatment for correcting till.By settling the period (not luminous period) under the luminance not, reduced according to the after image of the driving of active matrix fuzzyly, and the motion image quality becomes more superior.
Yet the luminance of each sub-pixel (luminescent device)/luminance is not limited to such as mentioned above.In addition, the duration of horizontal scanning period is to be shorter than (1/FR) * (1/V) duration of second.If the value of (v+v ') surpasses V, then in next display frame, handle this horizontal scanning period that surpasses.
The configuration of tube drive circuit is not how, and the method that drives this luminescence unit is for example all according to following such.
A) carry out the pre-service that the first node initialization voltage is applied to first node and the Section Point initialization voltage is applied to Section Point, so that the potential difference (PD) between first node and the Section Point surpasses the threshold voltage of driving transistors, and the potential difference (PD) between the cathode electrode that provides in Section Point and the luminescence unit is no more than the threshold voltage of luminescence unit.This processing is called pre-service.This pre-service can be divided into discharge process and initialization process.
B) under the state that the current potential of first node keeps towards the current potential that threshold voltage obtained that deducts driving transistors by current potential from first node, the threshold voltage of carrying out the current potential that is used to change Section Point is eliminated and is handled.This processing is called the threshold voltage treatment for correcting.
C) execution is used for via being applied to the processing of writing of first node from the picture signal of image signal line by the sampling transistor that is in conducting from the signal of writing sweep trace.This processing is called signal and writes processing.
D) by making that sampling transistor is used to be in cut-off state from the signal of writing sweep trace, first node is in floating dummy status, and drives this luminescence unit by making electric current based on the potential value between first node and the Section Point flow to luminescence unit via driving transistors.This processing is called luminous processing.
Can write interpolation mobility treatment for correcting between the processing in threshold voltage treatment for correcting and signal, perhaps can write processing and carry out the mobility treatment for correcting simultaneously with signal.
Here, in the threshold voltage treatment for correcting, carry out the threshold voltage elimination processing that is used for changing the current potential of Section Point towards the current potential that threshold voltage obtained that deducts driving transistors by current potential from first node.More properly, in order to change the current potential of Section Point towards the current potential that threshold voltage obtained that deducts driving transistors by current potential from first node, will be above the source/drain regions that imposes on driving transistors one side by the voltage that in pre-service, the threshold voltage of driving transistors is added into the voltage that current potential obtained of Section Point.
Qualitatively, eliminate in the processing at threshold voltage, the degree that potential difference (PD) between first node and the Section Point (in other words, the grid of driving transistors and the potential difference (PD) between the source electrode) is approached the threshold voltage of driving transistors depends on that being used for threshold voltage eliminates the time of handling.In view of the above, for example, guaranteeing that being used for threshold voltage eliminates under the sufficiently long state of handling of time, the current potential of Section Point reaches the current potential that threshold voltage obtained that deducts driving transistors by the current potential from first node.In addition, the potential difference (PD) between first node and the Section Point reaches the threshold voltage of driving transistors, and driving transistors is in cut-off state.At this moment, for example, the time that is used for threshold voltage elimination processing at needs is set under the situation of short time, and the potential difference (PD) between first node and the Section Point is higher than the threshold voltage of driving transistors, and driving transistors can not be in cut-off state thus.Eliminate the result who handles as threshold voltage, need driving transistors to be in cut-off state inevitably.
[gray level control]
In the pixel drive technology according to the embodiment of the invention, image gray levels is by cutting apart and carrying out signal and write several times (common twice) and increase.For example, write first signal voltage and secondary signal voltage successively at selected pixel based on picture signal, and this moment, by gray level first signal voltage and secondary signal voltage are set, carry out the gray level interpolation operation of the gray level of the luminosity that is used for each luminescent device of interpolation according to picture signal.Definitely, by in the gray-scale voltage that first signal voltage is set to a plurality of interpolations any one and with secondary signal voltage be set to a plurality of gray levels that can be provided with by picture signal in the corresponding basic gray-scale voltage of a gray level, a gray level and and corresponding grey scale level differ between the gray level of one-level and carry out the operation of gray level interpolation.
By using the operation of gray level interpolation, can represent such gray level: its quantity greater than original setting by picture signal the quantity of possible gray level, the configuration of driving circuit obtains simplifying (uncomplicated) thus, and can carry out the high definition gray level expressing.Be K_1, K_2 etc. if suppose the quantity of gray level, the total quantity of then represented gray level becomes K_1K_2.... at every turn.Low cost can be when keeping image quality, realized, and by contrast, high definition can be when keeping cost, realized.
In this display device, reduce in order to seek cost, the cost reduction of seeking to constitute the driver IC (Integrated Circuit, integrated circuit) of driving circuit is an effective method.Owing to can (for example control the size not changing the gray level that picture signal is supplied with the data driver (data line driver element) of each pixel, 10 gray level/1024 gray levels) increase the quantity of denotable gray level under the situation, therefore, can under the situation that does not make cost increase, realize high definition.By contrast, owing to can in the quantity that keeps denotable gray level, reduce the quantity of the gray level control of horizontal drive unit 106, therefore can under the situation that keeps image quality, seek low cost.
In addition, in this writing of several times, how according to the gray level setting of picture signal on this aspect of each signal voltage, can consider the whole bag of tricks.Quantity is set becomes maximum method corresponding to the method that signal voltage each time is set individually according to the gray level of each picture signal.Because this method can be optimized each time signal voltage according to each gray level, so it is the method that can the most accurately carry out gray level control.Yet, write in execution under the situation of twice (two-stage drive), owing to select the voltage (gray level adjustment voltage) of each gray level that write with the first order, that be used for the second level (image signal voltage), therefore need that storage writes with the first order, corresponding to the voltage of the gray level in the second level, greatly increased memory span thus and make cost increase.
In view of the above, in an embodiment of the present invention, repeatedly use the operation of gray level interpolation, can represent such gray level by when suppressing memory span, utilizing to write: its quantity greater than original setting by picture signal the quantity of possible gray level.Definitely, by the sum of the gray level that will represent being divided into a plurality of zones and being provided for the voltage of gray level interpolation, employing standardized method for each zone of image signal voltage.By so doing, when the increase of memory span was inhibited, quantity can be controlled greater than the gray level of the quantity of the initial denotable gray level of driver.
Usually, write in execution under twice the situation, (that is, the image signal voltage in the second level) sum is divided into a plurality of zones, and the voltage of the gray level interpolation that writes with the first order is provided with and is used for each cut zone publicly with gray level.Write in execution under three times the situation, carry out and the identical method of method that writes twice processing in the first order under the situation in execution.Owing to prolonged the processing time when writing the quantity increase, therefore in fact best the employing writes twice.
Yet, in embodiments of the present invention by writing several times with under the situation that adopts the processing of gray level interpolation, in the first order in the reformed boundary member of gray level interpolation voltage (before conversion just in time with the gray level of afterbody with just in time change after the gray level with the first order between), changed the voltage of the indication gray level that is kept in the maintenance electric capacity to a great extent.This means the destruction of the gamma linearity, and for example, even only changed at first under the situation of one-level owing to recognizing in gray level, it is so much what gray level also changed, and therefore variation might be felt as band.
In view of the above, in an embodiment of the present invention, during grey level transition, such technology of sampling: before will changing/magnitude of voltage of first signal voltage that uses in interpolation afterwards is adjusted in the scope of configuration information of the configuration information of first signal voltage before the grey level transition and first signal voltage after the grey level transition.Definitely, in the transition period, the variation of the current potential that writes on the grid (maintenance electric capacity) of driving transistors becomes littler.For example, can use before the conversion/the first order after just in time write the combination that voltage is provided with, perhaps can use by before the interpolation conversion/value that the value of setting obtained of writing the voltage setting of the first order after just in time.
Hereinafter will specifically describe and in having the 2Tr/1C driving circuit of simplifying configuration most, use twice the situation that writes.
The whole summary of＜display device 〉
Fig. 1 is that schematic illustrations is according to the embodiment of the invention, with the figure of organic EL device as the configured in one piece of the active matrix organic EL display (organic EL display) of pixel display device (electro-optical device).
Pixel-array unit 102 disposes in following this mode: the image element circuit P that has settled pixel transistor with respect to as the organic EL device (not shown) of display device according to the matrix form two-dimensional arrangement, with respect to pixel arrangement, vertical scan line connects by line, and signal wire (example of horizontal scanning line) connects by alignment.Image element circuit P is with the arranged in form of matrix with the capable and m of n row, and the sweep trace that is used to drive image element circuit P in the horizontal and vertical directions line connect have demonstration the ratio of width to height (the ratio of width to height) and be the effective image-region of X: Y (for example, 9: 16) so that form.
Control module 109 has vertical scan unit and horizontal scanning unit, and control threshold voltage correct operation, mobility correct operation and bootstrapping operation.For example, control module 109 has vertical drive units 103, and it is the example of the vertical scan unit of scanning element circuit P in vertical direction; And horizontal drive unit 106 (it is also referred to as horizontal selector or data line driver element), it is the example of the horizontal scanning unit of scanning element circuit P in the horizontal direction.Vertical drive units 103 for example has scanning element write 104 (writing scanner (WS)) and is used as the driven sweep unit 105 (driven sweep device (DS)) of the power supply scanner with power supply capacity.
On pixel-array unit 102, form each bar sweep trace (vertical scan line: write sweep trace 104WS and supply lines 105DSL) of vertical scanning side and as the image signal line 106HS (data line) of the sweep trace (horizontal scanning line) of horizontal scanning side.Form the thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT) of organic EL device (not shown) and driving organic EL device at the cross section of vertical and horizontal scanning line.
On each image element circuit P with matrix arrangement, the capable supply lines 105DSL_1～105DSL_n of n that is driven from writing of writing that scanning element 104 the provides capable power drives pulsed D SL that writes sweep trace 104WS_1～104WS_n and provide from driven sweep unit 105 of n that driving pulse WS driven is connect by line at each pixel column.Scanning element 104 and driven sweep unit 105 pulse signal based on the vertical drive system that provides from driving signal generating unit 200 is provided, is sequentially selected each image element circuit P by writing sweep trace 104WS and supply lines 105DSL.Horizontal drive unit 106 is at the sampling of selected image element circuit P by predetermined potential among the image signal line 106HS carries out image signal Vsig, and based on the pulse signal of vertical drive system the current potential of being sampled write from the maintenance electric capacity that driving signal generating unit 200 provides.
Can adopt in the configuration of the left and right sides of pixel-array unit 102 layout vertical drive units 103 or the configuration of arranging horizontal drive unit 106 in the both sides up and down of pixel-array unit 102.Mate with the situation of the image element circuit P that describes after a while although the configuration of illustrated vertical drive units 103 and sweep trace looks, other scanning element can be set according to the configuration of image element circuit P with 2TR configuration.
＜image element circuit 〉
Fig. 2 diagram is according to the figure of the image element circuit P of the embodiment of the invention.Image element circuit P uses n type driving transistors 121.Further, image element circuit P is characterised in that to have and is used for changing the circuit (that is, keeping the constant drive signal regulating circuit of drive current Ids by the variation of proofreading and correct as the I-E characteristic of the organic EL device of the example of electro-optical device) of the change of the drive current Ids that suppresses to go to corresponding organic EL device according to organic EL device according to the time.Further, even also being to have in the I-E characteristic of organic EL device to exist, image element circuit P feature also makes the function of driving current constant under the situation about changing according to the time.
That is, image element circuit P adopts the driving configuration of 2TR (it also uses a switching transistor that is used to scan (sampling transistor 125) except driving transistors 121).The power drives pulsed D SL that is used to control each switching transistor and the ON/OFF of writing driving pulse WS regularly (switching timing) are provided with in the mode identical with the work timing of describing after a while.In view of the above, can prevent changing or the characteristic variations (for example, the difference of threshold voltage or mobility or variation) of driving transistors 121 and interference that drive current Ids is applied according to the time by organic EL device 127.Because image element circuit P has the driving configuration of 2TR and small number of devices and wiring, therefore can obtain high definition.
Definitely, image element circuit P comprises maintenance electric capacity 120; N type driving transistors 121; N transistor npn npn 125 provides effective H (height) to write driving pulse WS to it; And organic EL device 127, it is according to the electric current that flows to it and the example of luminous electro-optical device (luminescent device).
Keep electric capacity 120 to be connected between the grid (node ND122) and source electrode of driving transistors 121, and the source electrode of driving transistors 121 is connected directly to the anode tap part of organic EL device 127.The cathode terminal of organic EL device 127 partly is connected to for the public negative electrode public wiring 127K of whole pixels, and cathode potential Vcath (for example, ground potential GND) is given the cathode terminal part of organic EL device 127.
Keep electric capacity 120 also as bootstrap capacitor.Promptly, image element circuit P is such circuit: it is characterized in that having connected maintenance electric capacity 120, and prevent since organic EL device 127 change the variation of caused drive current according to the time, and image element circuit P constitutes the boostrap circuit as the example of drive signal regulating circuit.The method that suppresses interference that drive current Ids is applied as the characteristic variations (for example, the difference of threshold voltage or mobility or variation) by driving transistors 121 has been studied the driving timing of each transistor 121 and 125.
The drain electrode of driving transistors 121 is connected to the supply lines 105DSL from the driven sweep unit 105 that is used as the power supply scanner.Supply lines 105DSL has and is characterised in that it has power supply capacity for driving transistors 121.Definitely, driven sweep unit 105 is equipped with the supply voltage change-over circuit, and its conversion also provides the second current potential Vcc_L (they are corresponding to supply voltage) of on high-tension side first current potential Vcc_H and low-pressure side drain electrode to driving transistors 121.
The second current potential Vcc_L is the current potential that fully is lower than the drift potential Vofs (it is also referred to as reference potential) of picture signal Vsig among the image signal line 106HS.Definitely, the second current potential Vcc_L of the low potential side of supply lines 105DSL is set, so that the gate source voltage Vgs of driving transistors 121 (grid potential Vg and source potential Vs's is poor) becomes height.Except the initialization operation before the threshold value correct operation, drift potential Vofs also is used for image signal line 106HS is carried out precharge.
Sampling transistor 125 has and is connected to from the grid of writing sweep trace 104WS of writing scanning element 104, the source electrode that is connected to the drain electrode of image signal line 106HS and is connected to the grid (node ND122) of driving transistors 121.To write the grid that driving pulse WS offers sampling transistor 125 from the effective H that writes scanning element 104.The source electrode of sampling transistor 125 and drain electrode can be put upside down mutually.In addition, sampling transistor 125 can be depletion type or enhancement mode.
The work of＜image element circuit 〉
Fig. 3 is the sequential chart of the driving timing of the image element circuit P shown in the pictorial image 2, and it presents under the situation of the order driving of being expert at.In this sequential chart, the length (temporal length) of representing the transverse axis of each period is schematically, and does not represent the ratio of the temporal length of each period.
In Fig. 3, write the potential change of sweep trace 104WS, the potential change of supply lines 105DSL and the potential change of image signal line 106HS and be illustrated on the public time shaft.In addition, with they potential change concurrently, illustrate for the grid potential Vg of the driving transistors 121 of delegation (first among the figure row) and the variation of source potential Vs.
In Fig. 3, in image element circuit P, illustrate the basic example that is used to realize threshold value calibration function, mobility calibration function and bootstrapping function.The driving timing that is used for realizing threshold value calibration function, mobility calibration function and bootstrapping function be not limited to Fig. 3 illustrated those, but can carry out various modification.Even in the driving timing of modification in every way, also can adopt the configuration of each embodiment of describing after a while.
The situation that driving timing shown in Figure 3 drives corresponding to the row order, and the timing of writing driving pulse WS, power drives pulsed D SL and picture signal Vsig (it is regarded as a group for delegation) is controlled independently with behavior unit, if and capable being changed, then at 1H (horizontal scanning period) translation signal.
Hereinafter, for easy explanation or understand, except mentioning especially, otherwise hypothesis to write gain be 1 (ideal value), and information the writing, keeping and sampling in keeping electric capacity 120 about signal amplitude Δ Vin will be described briefly.Be written in keep in the electric capacity 120, be called corresponding to the ratio (ratio) of the size of the information of signal amplitude Δ Vin and write gain.Be lower than 1 if writing gain, then doubly take advantage of information to remain on and keep in the electric capacity 120 corresponding to the gain of the size of signal amplitude Δ Vin, rather than the size of signal amplitude Δ Vin self.In an identical manner, will under being the hypothesis of 1 (ideal value), bootstrapping gain describe briefly.Settling between the grid of driving transistors 121 and the source electrode under the situation that keeps electric capacity 120, grid potential Vg is called the bootstrapping gain for the rate of growth of the growth of source potential Vs.
As driving timing described herein in, suppose that it is the first half of a level period that picture signal Vsig is in the period of drift potential Vofs (its for invalid period), and picture signal Vsig be in the period of signal potential Vin (=Vofs+ Δ Vin) be a level period back half.Be in the period (it is the effectual time of picture signal Vsig) of signal potential Vin (=Vofs+ Δ Vin) at picture signal Vsig, be provided with two-stage current potential Vin1 and Vin2 to use gray level interpolation operation (its details will described after a while).The signal potential Vin1 of the first order is added into the value that drift potential Vofs obtains by the signal amplitude Δ Vin1 with the first order, and partial signal potential Vin2 is the value that obtains by the signal potential Vin1 that partial signal amplitude Δ Vin2 is added into the first order.For corresponding to the effectual time of picture signal Vsig and a level period of the summation of invalid period, the threshold value correct operation repeats repeatedly (being four times in the drawings).
In the luminous period B (display time interval) of organic EL device 127, supply lines 105DSL is in the first current potential Vcc_H, and sampling transistor 125 is in cut-off state.In this case, because driving transistors 125 is made as and is operated in the saturation region, therefore, the drive current Ids of the organic EL device 127 of flowing through obtains the represented value of equation (1) according to the gate source voltage of driving transistors 121.
No matter driving transistors 121 is driven in drive current Ids in the saturation region how drain-source voltage all becomes constant.If supposing to be operated in the electric current that flows between the transistor drain of saturation region and the source electrode and be Ids, mobility and be μ, furrow width (grid width) is Vth for L, gate capacitance (electric capacity of the gate oxidation films of per unit area) for Cox and transistorized threshold voltage for W, ditch long (grid are long), then driving transistors 121 becomes the constant current source (" ∧ " expression square) of (1) the indicated value that has equation.As can be according to known to the equation (1), in the saturation region, transistor drain electric current I ds be controlled by gate source voltage Vgs, and transistor is as constant current source work.
If arrive the not luminous period (extinguishing the period), then at first the discharge period C in, supply lines 105DSL is converted to the second current potential Vcc_L.In this case, if the summation that the second current potential Vcc_L is lower than the threshold voltage vt hEL of organic EL device 127 and cathode potential Vcath (promptly, if condition satisfies " Vcc_L＜VthEL+Vcath "), then organic EL device 127 is in and extinguishes state, and supply lines 105DSL becomes the source side of driving transistors 121.At this moment, with the anode of second current potential Vcc_L charging organic EL device 127.That is, by making the current potential of drain electrode (power end) of driving transistors 121 equal the current potential of the source electrode (output terminal) of driving transistors 121, organic EL device 127 is transferred to from luminance and is extinguished state.
Further, in initialization period D, when image signal line 106HS is in drift potential Vofs, sampling transistor 125 conductings, and the grid potential of driving transistors 121 becomes drift potential Vofs.In this case, the gate source voltage Vgs of driving transistors 121 obtains the value of " Vofs-Vcc_L ".If " Vofs-Vcc_L " is not higher than the threshold voltage vt h of driving transistors 121, then can not carry out the threshold voltage correct operation, need thus to make " Vofs-Vcc_L＞Vth ".
Then, when first threshold was proofreaied and correct period E1 arrival, supply lines 105DSL was converted to the first current potential Vcc_H once more.When becoming the first current potential Vcc_H, the anode of organic EL device 127 becomes the source electrode of driving transistors 121 at supply lines 105DSL (that is, the supply voltage of driving transistors 121), and drive current Ids flows self-driven transistor 121.Because be shown with the equivalent electrical circuit of machine El element 127 with diode and capacitance meter, so supposing that organic EL device 127 is under the situation of Vel with respect to the anode potential of cathode potential Vcath, condition satisfies " Vel≤Vcath+VthEL ".In other words, as long as the leakage current of organic EL device 127 is quite little than the electric current of the driving transistors 121 of flowing through, then the drive current Ids of driving transistors 121 is used for keeping the stray capacitance Cel charging of electric capacity 120 and organic EL device 127.In this case, the anode potential Vel of organic EL device 127 increases along with the process of time.
After passing through at the fixed time, sampling transistor 125 ends.At this moment, if the gate source voltage Vgs of driving transistors 121 is higher than threshold voltage vt h (promptly, if threshold voltage is proofreaied and correct and is not finished), then the drive current Ids of driving transistors 121 continues to flow so that keep electric capacity 120 received energies, and the gate source voltage Vgs of driving transistors 121 increases thus.At this moment, because organic EL device 127 reverse bias, so organic EL device 127 is not luminous.
If second threshold value is proofreaied and correct period E2 and is arrived, then sampling transistor 125 conducting when image signal line 106HS arrives at drift potential Vofs, and the grid potential of driving transistors 121 becomes drift potential Vofs to begin the threshold value correct operation once more.By repeating this operation, final, the gate source voltage Vgs of driving transistors 121 obtains the value corresponding to threshold voltage vt h.At this moment, condition satisfies " Vel=Vofs-Vth≤Vcath+VthEL ".
In this work example, be considered as a level period in processing cycle, threshold value correction work repeated several times keeps in the electric capacity 120 so that will remain on corresponding to the voltage of the threshold voltage vt h of driving transistors 121.Yet this repeated operation is not enforceable, and the level period that can be considered as the processing cycle is only carried out the threshold value correct operation once.
After the threshold value correct operation is finished (in this embodiment, after the 4th threshold value is proofreaied and correct period E4), sampling transistor 125 ends, and writes to proofread and correct with mobility and prepare period J and begin.When image signal line 106HS is in signal potential Vin (=Vofs+ Δ Vin), sampling transistor 125 conducting once more, and sampling period and mobility are proofreaied and correct period K and are begun.In this embodiment of the present invention, proofread and correct period K several times (being twice in the drawings) by settling sampling period and mobility, the quantity of denotable gray level was expanded during the gray level sum only write once than signal.The first order is called the gray level interpolation period definitely and mobility is proofreaied and correct period K1, and the second level is called the gray level affirmation period definitely and mobility is proofreaied and correct period K2.Here will describe sampling period and mobility correction period K by the phase Calais of two periods, and the details of application gray level interpolation operation will described after a while.
Signal amplitude Δ Vin is based on the value of gray level.Because sampling transistor 125 is in conducting state, so the grid potential of sampling transistor 125 becomes signal potential Vin (=Vofs+ Δ Vin=Δ Vin1+ Δ Vin2).Yet because the drain electrode of driving transistors 121 is in the first current potential Vcc_H and drive current Ids flows, so source potential Vs increases along with the process of time.In the drawings, with this incremental representation be Δ V (=Δ V1+ Δ V2).
If source voltage Vs does not surpass the threshold voltage vt hEL of organic EL device 127 and the summation of cathode electrode Vcath, in other words, if the leakage current of organic EL device 127 is quite little than the electric current of the driving transistors 121 of flowing through, then the drive current Ids of driving transistors 121 is used for keeping the stray capacitance Cel charging of electric capacity 120 and organic EL device 127.
Point at this moment is because the threshold value correct operation of driving transistors 121 is finished the electric current reflection mobility [mu] of the driving transistors 121 of therefore flowing through.Definitely, if the mobility [mu] height, then Ci Shi electric current quantitative change is big, and the increase of source electrode accelerates.By contrast, if mobility [mu] is low, then Ci Shi the magnitude of current diminishes, and the increase of source electrode is slack-off.In view of the above, the gate source voltage Vgs of driving transistors 121 is by the reflection step-down of mobility [mu], and at the fixed time, gate source voltage Vgs fully proofreaies and correct mobility [mu].
Then, luminous period L begins, sampling transistor 125 by and finish and write, and organic EL device 127 is luminous.Because the gate source voltage Vgs of driving transistors 121 is by constant via the bootstrap effect that keeps electric capacity 120, therefore driving transistors 121 makes scheduled current (drive current Ids) flow to organic EL device 127, and the anode potential Vel of organic EL device 127 increases until making and flows through organic EL device 127 and make the luminous voltage Vx of organic EL device 127 as the electric current of drive current Ids.
In image element circuit P, if fluorescent lifetime is long, the I-V characteristic changing of organic EL device 127 then.Therefore, the current potential of node ND121 (that is the source potential Vs of driving transistors 121) also changes.Yet because the gate source voltage Vgs of driving transistors 121 keeps constant by the bootstrap effect that keeps electric capacity 120, the electric current of the organic EL device 127 of therefore flowing through does not change.In view of the above, though the I-V characteristic degradation of organic EL device 127, steady current (drive current Ids) organic EL device 127 of also flowing through constantly, the brightness of organic EL device 127 does not change thus.
Here, the Vgs of the equation (1) that the relation between drive current Ids and the grid voltage Vgs can be by representing " Δ Vin+Vth-Δ V " substitution transistor characteristic and representing by equation (2).In equation (2), k is (W/L) Cox of k=(1/2).
Ids＝kμ(Vgs-Vth)^2＝kμ(ΔVin-ΔV)^2…(2)
According to equation (2), this is eliminated threshold voltage vt h, and what know thus is that the drive current Ids that offers organic EL device 127 does not rely on the threshold voltage vt h of driving transistors 121.Usually, drive current Ids by signal amplitude Δ Vin (particularly, keep keeping in the electric capacity 120, determine corresponding to the sampled voltage of signal amplitude Δ Vin (=Vgs)).In other words, organic EL device 127 emissions have the light based on the brightness of signal amplitude Δ Vin.
At this moment, the information correction that keeps keeping in the electric capacity 120 is arrived the increment Delta V of source potential Vs.Increment Delta V is used for removing exactly the influence of the mobility of the coefficient elements that is positioned at equation (2).Although will be added into for the correction amount delta V of the mobility [mu] of driving transistors 121 and be written in the signal that keeps in the electric capacity 120, but the direction of increment Delta V is actually negative direction, on this meaning, increment Delta V is also referred to as mobility correction parameter Δ V or amount of negative feedback Δ V.
The threshold voltage vt h of driving transistors 121 or the change of mobility [mu] are skews (offset), and in fact the drive current Ids of the organic EL device 127 of flowing through depends on signal amplitude Δ Vin.Because drive current Ids does not rely on threshold voltage vt h or mobility [mu], therefore the drive current Ids between drain electrode and the source electrode does not change, even threshold voltage vt h or mobility [mu] are because manufacturing process changes or variation according to the time occurs thus, the luminosity of organic EL device 127 does not change yet.
Keep electric capacity 120 by between the grid of driving transistors 121 and source electrode, connecting, even under the situation of using n type driving transistors 121, by described circuit arrangement and driving timing, also realized being used to making the bootstrapping function of variation interlocking of the grid potential Vg of driving transistors 121 and source potential Vs.In view of the above, even the anode potential of organic EL device 127 is owing to changing according to the time of the characteristic of organic EL device 127 changes (that is, the source potential of driving transistors 121 changes), grid potential Vg also can change to be offset this change.
In view of the above, obtain relaxing for the influence that changes according to the time of the characteristic of organic EL device 127, and guaranteed the homogeneity of screen intensity.By the bootstrapping function of the grid of driving transistors 121 and the maintenance electric capacity 120 between the source electrode, can improve and change calibration capability according to the time for the current drive-type luminescent device of expression organic EL device.Certainly, even when the source potential Vs of driving transistors 121 when glow current Iel changes according to the change of anode-cathode voltage Vel in luminous starting point begins to flow through the processing of organic EL device 127, the bootstrapping function is also moved, thereby anode-cathode voltage Vel increases, up to voltage Vel become stable till.
As mentioned above, according to the driving timing of image element circuit P with the control module 109 that drives image element circuit P, even under the situation of the characteristic changing of driving transistors 121 or organic EL device 127 (difference or according to the variation of time), also can not occur disturbing on display screen by the change amount of proofreading and correct them, the high-definition image that can not have brightness to change thus shows.
＜gray level control 〉
Hereinafter, with comparative example in gray level control contrast ground the gray level control of having used as according to the gray level interpolation operation (operation of the gray level of interpolation luminosity in each organic EL device 127) of one of characteristic during the display operation in the organic EL display 1 of the embodiment of the invention is described.
[first comparative example]
Fig. 4 A is the figure of diagram according to the gray level control (sampling period and mobility are proofreaied and correct the operation among the period K) of first comparative example.In first comparative example, proofread and correct in sampling period and mobility and only to carry out signal among the period K and write with mobility and proofread and correct once.Definitely, as shown in Fig. 4 A (1), proofread and correct (it is so much that it increases potential difference (PD) Δ V with source potential Vs) corresponding to write operation and the mobility of the signal voltage Vin (signal amplitude Δ Vin) of picture signal Vsig and only carry out once.That is, proofread and correct once even utilize the signal potential Vin of picture signal Vsig also only to carry out mobility, to represent desired gray level (8 or 10).
In the display operation according to first comparative example, the relation between the electric current I ds of the signal voltage Vin and the driving transistors 121 of flowing through (the luminosity L of itself and organic EL device 127 is proportional) is for example as illustrated in Fig. 4 A (2).That is, be voltage x, x+1, x+2 etc. along with the gray level of the signal voltage Vin that is provided with for example increases in picture signal Vsig, the gray level of electric current I ds (luminosity L) increases with man-to-man relation.Definitely, when signal voltage Vin was made as voltage x, electric current I ds was made as current value I ds (x), and luminosity L is made as brightness L (x).When signal voltage Vin was made as voltage (x+1), electric current I ds was made as current value I ds (x+1), and luminosity L is made as brightness L (x+1).When signal voltage Vin was made as voltage (x+2), electric current I ds was made as current value I ds (x+2), and luminosity L is made as brightness L (x+2).
In view of the above, under the situation of first comparative example, always the quantity (figure place of picture signal Vsig) (in other words, the quantity of the magnitude of voltage that can be provided with among the signal voltage Vin) of the gray level that can be provided with by picture signal Vsig is determined the quantity of the gray level of luminosity L.Definitely, for example, under the situation of picture signal Vsig with 8 shows signal voltage Vin, the quantity of the gray level of denotable luminosity L becomes 2 ∧ 8=256.In addition, under the situation of picture signal Vsig with 10 shows signal voltage Vin, the quantity of the gray level of denotable luminosity L becomes 2 ∧ 10=1024.
In view of the above, as a kind of cheaply technology that is used to realize whole display device, for example, under the situation that the cost of seeking data driver (it is corresponding to horizontal drive unit 106) reduces, use the display device of the display operation in first comparative example to have following point.Promptly, for example, reduce although consider the cost of seeking data driver by the quantity (figure place of signal voltage Vin) of the gray level that reduces to be provided with by picture signal Vsig, under the situation of first comparative example, the quantity of the gray level of denotable luminosity L also correspondingly reduces.Definitely, low-cost in order to realize at current general 10 gray levels (1024 gray levels), for example, need the quantity of sparse gray level such as 8 (256 gray levels).If the quantity of the gray level of denotable luminosity L reduces, show that then image quality also correspondingly worsens.By contrast, if be intended to realize 12 gray levels (4096 gray levels), then cost increases.Under the situation of first comparative example, be difficult to seeking to realize high definition (cost reduces and high definition) when cost reduces.
[second comparative example]
Fig. 4 B is the figure of diagram according to the gray level control (sampling period and mobility are proofreaied and correct the work of period K) of second comparative example.The similarity of the work of second comparative example and the embodiment of the invention is, proofreaies and correct in sampling period and mobility and carries out among the period K that signal writes and mobility is proofreaied and correct twice.Difference between them is that first signal voltage and secondary signal voltage change according to the gray level of picture signal.For example, as shown in Fig. 4 B (1), settled gray level interpolation period and mobility to proofread and correct period K1 and gray level affirmation period and mobility and proofreaied and correct period K2.
Proofread and correct among the period K1 in gray level interpolation period and mobility, horizontal drive unit 106 offers image signal line 106HS with gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 (it is the signal voltage Vin that is used for the operation of gray level interpolation), and confirm that in gray level among period and the mobility correction period K2, horizontal drive unit 106 will confirm that gray-scale voltage Vin2 (it is the signal voltage Vin that is used to confirm gray level) offers image signal line 106HS.Particularly, horizontal drive unit 106 in second comparative example is with gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 and confirm that the order of gray-scale voltage Vin2 offers image signal line 106HS (as shown in Fig. 4 B (1)) simultaneously with two signals, and changes the magnitude of voltage of gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 and affirmation gray-scale voltage Vin2 individually according to gray level.At this moment, even be converted to from gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 under the situation of confirming gray-scale voltage Vin2 writing scanning element 104, write scanning element 104 and also remain on the H level and make sampling transistor 125 continue conducting states by writing driving pulse WS.
Although it is not shown, but running through the 2H period settles sampling period and mobility to proofread and correct period K, and writes that driving pulse WS is in the L level and proofread and correct period K1 and gray level in gray level interpolation period and mobility and confirm that period and mobility are proofreaied and correct between the period K2 and insert the period of booting by sampling transistor 125 by making.This point is identical with the operation according to the embodiment of the invention.
By operation, as the indicated part of the arrow A in Fig. 4 B (2), carry out the gray level interpolation operation that is used in the gray level of each organic EL device 127 interpolation luminosity L according to second comparative example.As a result, realized the expression of following gray level: the quantity of this gray level greater than original setting by picture signal Vsig and the quantity of possible gray level.For example, the voltage x that is provided with in signal voltage Vin in the work of illustrated first comparative example in as Fig. 4 A (1) etc. is under the situation of 10 gray levels, illustrated in (2) as Fig. 4 B, at two gray levels of 10 gray level interpolations (four gray levels), 12 gray levels have been realized thus.Promptly, the voltage y (interpolation gray-scale voltage) that use is provided with in gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 comes two gray levels of interpolation (four gray levels) at the voltage x that confirms to be provided with among the gray-scale voltage Vin2 (basic gray-scale voltage), and realizes amounting to 12 gray levels.At the gamma characteristic of 10 bit image signal Vsig (confirming gray-scale voltage Vin2), can realize 12 gray levels by writing the gray level that drives twice (2 grades of drivings) interpolation " 12-10=2 ".
Definitely, horizontal drive unit 106 for example shown in (1-1)～(1-4) of image pattern 4B like that, to confirm that gray-scale voltage Vin2 is set to a plurality of gray levels that can be provided with corresponding to picture signal Vsig (here regularly, the voltage of a gray level 10 gray level=1024 gray levels) (voltage x here).Then, for example indicated as the arrow P 21 in Fig. 4 B (1-1), horizontal drive unit 106 a plurality of voltages (here, four voltages (y-3), (y-2), (y-1) and y) among change gray level interpolation voltage Vin1.In addition, horizontal drive unit 106 repeat with will confirm gray-scale voltage Vin2 be set to regularly among a plurality of gray levels another gray level and among a plurality of voltages change gray level interpolation voltage Vin1.
In this case, as (1-1) of Fig. 4 B and arrow P 21 and P22 (1-4) indicated, along with the magnitude of voltage of gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 increases to voltage y from voltage (y-3), the source potential Vs of the driving transistors 121 after gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 is written into greatly increases.The increment of source potential Vs when the increment of the source potential Vs when for example, gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 is set to voltage y (potential difference (PD) Δ V1 (y)) becomes and is set to voltage (y-3) greater than gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 (the potential difference (PD) Δ V1 (y-3) that proofreaies and correct by mobility only).At this moment, proofread and correct among the period K1 in gray level interpolation period and mobility, indicated as the arrow P 23 in Fig. 4 B (1-3), the source potential Vs of driving transistors 121 increases, and the grid potential Vg of driving transistors 121 also correspondingly increases thus.That is, along with the magnitude of voltage of gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 increases to voltage y from voltage (y-3), the grid potential Vg after gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 is written into greatly increases.
Proofread and correct among the period K2 in gray level interpolation period and mobility, the increment of the source potential Vs of driving transistors 121 (by the potential difference (PD) Δ V2 of twice mobility correction) is no matter how all constant the magnitude of voltage of gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 is, illustrated in Fig. 4 B (1-4).This is because gray level is confirmed the magnitude of voltage of the affirmation gray-scale voltage Vin2 that writes when increment (potential difference (PD) Δ V2) that period and mobility proofread and correct the source potential Vs among the period K2 thus (Vin2_x) determines here.After section was finished at this moment, the grid potential Vg of driving transistors 121 became affirmation gray-scale voltage Vin2 (being voltage x here) (Fig. 4 B (1-3)).In view of the above, as appreciable from Fig. 4 B (1), along with the magnitude of voltage of gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 increases to voltage y from voltage (y-3), confirm gray-scale voltage Vin2 be written into after the gate source voltage Vgs step-down of driving transistors 121 of (during the light emission operation).For example, the gate source voltage Vgs (y) when gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 is set to voltage y is lower than the gate source voltage Vgs (y-3) when gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 is set to voltage (y-3).
Correspondingly, the magnitude of voltage along with gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 increases the gate source voltage Vgs step-down of the driving transistors 121 during the light emission operation.Correspondingly, the electric current I ds of the driving transistors 121 of flowing through reduces, and with the reducing pro rata of electric current I ds, the luminosity L of organic EL device 127 also reduces.
Use this, horizontal drive unit 106 for example in (2) of image pattern 4B illustrated like that, at four corresponding voltage y of gray level that confirm selection such as the corresponding voltage x of gray level that gray-scale voltage Vin2 can be provided with and distribution and the setting of gray level interpolation voltage etc.Correspondingly, realized the operation of gray level interpolation, can realize the expression of such gray level thus by picture signal Vsig: its quantity is greater than number of grey levels possible for original setting.
Under the situation of second comparative example,, therefore can optimize according to each gray level for the signal voltage of each time because the magnitude of voltage of gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 and affirmation gray-scale voltage Vin2 changes according to gray level individually.Yet, that preparation writes in the first order, as to be used for the gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 (set of Vin_y, Vin_ (y-1), Vin_ (y-2) and Vin_ (y-3)) of partial each affirmation gray-scale voltage Vin2 setting, and selection is suitable for the setting that partial object is confirmed the gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 of gray-scale voltage Vin2.Therefore, need be stored in that the first order writes, corresponding to the configuration information of the gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 of partial affirmation gray-scale voltage Vin2, and this causes cost to increase.In order to realize low-cost and high image quality (cost reduces and high image quality), can improve amount of memory.
[embodiment: basis]
Fig. 5 A is the figure of diagram according to the gray level control (sampling period and mobility are proofreaied and correct the operation among the period K) of the embodiment of the invention.The similarity of the operation of this embodiment of the present invention and second comparative example is, proofreaies and correct in sampling period and mobility and carries out among the period K that signal writes and mobility is proofreaied and correct twice.Difference between them is, grey level range is split into a plurality of zones, and come shared (commonize) gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 by gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 being set at each zone of confirming gray-scale voltage Vin2 (that is display gray scale step voltage).In each cut zone, that preparation writes with the first order, shared gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 is (for example in each cut zone, the set of Vin_y, Vin_ (y-1), Vin_ (y-2) and Vin_ (y-3)) setting, and gray level is determined by partial affirmation gray-scale voltage Vin2.Voltage (gray level interpolation voltage Vin1) by writing in the shared first order between some gray level can greatly reduce amount of memory.In view of the above, need not to increase storer, can expensively not realize several gray levels thus.
For example, in Fig. 5 A, whole gray level is divided into four zones, carries out the voltage setting (gray level interpolation voltage Vin1) of the first order shared in each cut zone, and gray level is determined by partial voltage (confirming gray-scale voltage Vin2).The size that the size of cutting apart is not limited to equate, but optionally.For example, consider to obtain largo low gray level side, and straitly obtain the high grade grey level side.In view of the above, if it is just enough that gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 only is set in each cut zone, storer can greatly reduce thus.
Yet, if between some gray level, changing the voltage setting that writes in the first order under the situation of using the processing of gray level interpolation by repeatedly writing according to present embodiment, then destroyed the linearity of gamma (γ), and had the possibility that may visually change be identified as band in dislocation.
Under the situation of Driving technique of using according to the embodiment of the invention as countermeasure, preferably usually use prevent gamma characteristic before the conversion of the setting of gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 (for example, the set of Vin_y, Vin_ (y-1), Vin_ (y-2) and Vin_ (y-3)) with ruined technology afterwards.The modified example of this technology of employing is hereinafter described.
[embodiment: modified example]
Fig. 5 B is that diagram is proofreaied and correct the figure of the operation of the modified example in the period according to the sampling period and the mobility of the embodiment of the invention.This figure represents the situation of+2 of expression driver outputs.Fig. 5 B (1) illustrates basic operation, and (2) of Fig. 5 B illustrate the operation according to first modified example, and (3) of Fig. 5 B illustrate the operation according to second modified example.
Shown in Fig. 5 B (1), according to basic operation between some gray level (for example, between Vin2=n-1 and Vin2=n) voltage that writes with the first order of conversion is provided with under the situation of V1, for example, with voltage be provided with V1 (=m) and voltage be provided with V1 (=m+1) optionally as gray level interpolation voltage Vin1, and the change state from dislocation to the gray-scale voltage that keeps electric capacity 120 to keep dissimilates.
In first modified example, be provided with under the situation of V1 at the voltage of changing the gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 that writes with the first order between some gray level, in the gray level before conversion just, by the voltage of the first order before the combination conversion and afterwards V1 is set and keeps the gamma linearity.For example, in the indicated conversion process of solid line in (2) of Fig. 5 B, setting (voltage is provided with V1=m) before the conversion (for example is inserted in being used between some gray level, between Vin2=n-1 and the Vin2=n) first a of signal, and the setting (voltage is provided with V1=m+1) after the conversion just is used for second b and c thirdly.In the indicated conversion process of dotted line in (2) of Fig. 5 B, the setting (voltage is provided with V1=m) before the conversion is used for first a and second b, and the setting (voltage is provided with V1=m+1) after the conversion just is used for thirdly c.Yet than the indicated conversion process of dotted line, the gray-scale voltage difference of transition period becomes littler in the indicated conversion process of solid line.
In addition, in second modified example, under the situation of the setting (voltage is provided with V1) of changing the gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 that writes with the first order between some gray level, in the gray level before just changing, the magnitude of voltage maintenance gamma linearity that V1 obtains is set by the voltage that uses the interpolation first order after conversion just.For example, illustrated in Fig. 5 B (2), carry out interpolation as follows: (for example use between some gray level of the value of setting (V1=m being set) interpolation before the conversion based on voltage, between Vin2=n-1 and the Vin2=n) first a of the signal of institute's interpolation, use second b of intermediate value (based on magnitude of voltage V1=m+1) interpolation, and use and just change thirdly c of the value of setting (V1=m+2 being set) interpolation afterwards, kept the gamma linearity thus based on voltage.In this example, prepare to be used to be provided with the storer of intermediate value.Yet this is not enforceable, but can obtain intermediate value to reduce memory span by value of setting (V1=m being set based on voltage) before the use conversion and the calculating of conversion value of setting (V1=m+1 being set based on voltage) afterwards just.
[summary of the gray level control among the embodiment]
As mentioned above, at the driving method that is used for gray level control according to present embodiment, in using the gray level interpolation driving that writes for twice, be provided with and shared gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 at each zone of confirming gray-scale voltage Vin2, can under the situation that does not greatly increase memory span, represent such gray level: its quantity greater than for original setting have now driver export possible number of grey levels.In view of the above, the configuration of horizontal drive unit 106 obtains simplifying (uncomplicated), and can realize having the more gray level expressing of high definition.For example, even under the situation of the data driver (horizontal drive unit 106) that uses exportable M position (M is an integer) picture signal Vsig here,, also can carry out the N position (here, N is an integer, the gray level expressing of N＞M), and the cost that can seek control module 109 thus reduces.In view of the above, can seek to realize high image quality (can realize that cost reduces and high image quality) when cost reduces.
In addition, in order to tackle the destruction of the gamma linearity that conversion occurred of proofreading and correct the setting of the affirmation gray-scale voltage Vin2 that uses among the period K1 by first order gray level interpolation period and mobility, before grey level transition and the first order gray level current potential that uses in the interpolation after the conversion just of the scope inner control of the value of setting of each gray level interpolation voltage Vin1 afterwards.In view of the above, the gamma linearity can greatly not destroyed, and has sought low cost, and can realize high image quality (can realize that cost reduces and high image quality).
＜electronic apparatus 〉
Can be with the display device that adopts like that as mentioned above according to gray level interpolation display device applications electronic apparatus in all spectra that handle, that comprise organic EL display of the embodiment of the invention, the picture signal or the interior picture signal that generates of electronic apparatus that wherein input to electronic apparatus are shown as picture or image.For example, can with this display device applications in the service recorder medium (as, semiconductor memory, mini-disk (MD), magnetic tape cassette etc.) portable music player, digital camera, notebook personal computer, portable terminal (as, portable phone), display device (as, video camera) etc.
In this case, display device can comprise the modular shape of seal arrangement.For example, module can be the attached and display module such as clear glass that forms on the subtend of pixel-array unit 102 part.On this transparent subtend part, can settle color filter, protective seam or screen layer.In display module, can settle to be used for the circuit unit or the FPC (Flexible Print Circuit, flexible print circuit) of signal from outside I/O to pixel-array unit.
Hereinafter, will the detailed example of the electron device of handling according to the employing gray level interpolation of the embodiment of the invention that display device was applied to be described with reference to Fig. 6 A～6C.
(1) of Fig. 6 A is the skeleton view of diagram according to the outward appearance of the televisor that display device the was arranged to embodiment of the invention, that adopt the processing of gray level interpolation.This televisor comprises the image display screen unit 901 that is made of front panel 902 or filter glass 903, and uses and made as image display screen unit 901 according to the display device of the embodiment of the invention.
(2) of Fig. 6 A are the skeleton view of diagram according to the outward appearance of the digital camera that display device the was arranged to embodiment of the invention, that adopt the processing of gray level interpolation.(2-1) of Fig. 6 A is the skeleton view of seeing from a surperficial side, and Fig. 6 A (2-2) is the skeleton view that one side is seen from the back side.Comprise the luminescence unit 911 that is used to glisten, display unit 912, menu switch 913, shutter release button 914 etc. according to the digital camera of this example, and use and made as display unit 912 according to the display device of the embodiment of the invention.
(1) of Fig. 6 B is the skeleton view that diagram adopts the outward appearance of the notebook personal computer of handling according to the gray level interpolation of the embodiment of the invention that display device was arranged to.According to the notebook personal computer of this example comprise fuselage 921, the keyboard 922 of operation when input alphabet or the numeral, the display unit 923 of display image etc., and use and made as display unit 923 according to the display device of the embodiment of the invention.
(2) of Fig. 6 B are the skeleton views that diagram adopts the outward appearance of the video camera of handling according to the gray level interpolation of the embodiment of the invention that display device was arranged to.This video camera comprises case unit 931, at the camera lens 932 that on a side surface of forward direction, provides, the beginning/shutdown switch 933 that is used to take, display unit 934 etc., and use and made as display unit 934 according to the display device of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 C is the skeleton view that diagram adopts the outward appearance of the portable phone of handling according to the gray level interpolation of the embodiment of the invention that display device was arranged to (example of portable terminal).(1) of Fig. 6 C is the front view that is in open mode, and Fig. 6 C (2) are side views, and (3) of Fig. 6 C are the front views that is in closure state, Fig. 6 C (4) are left views, Fig. 6 C (5) are right views, and Fig. 6 C (6) are vertical views, and Fig. 6 C (7) are upward views.Portable phone according to this example comprises top shell 941, below shell 942, linkage unit 943 (folding unit), display 944, sub-display 945, picture lamp 946, camera 947 etc. here.In addition, use according to the display device of the embodiment of the invention according to the portable phone of this example and made as display 944 or sub-display 945.
As mentioned above, embodiments of the invention have been described, but the scope that technical scope of the present invention is not limited to describe in the foregoing description.Can carry out various modification or improvement without departing from the present invention, even and this modification or improvement be also included within the technical scope of the present invention.
In addition, about claim, the foregoing description does not limit the present invention, and the whole combination of the feature of describing among the embodiment may not be enforceable for solution of the present invention.In the above-described embodiments, comprised the present invention in various stages, and extracted various inventions by the appropriate combination of disclosed a plurality of configuration condition.Even the some configuration condition of deletion in the disclosed whole configuration condition from embodiment, as long as obtain effect, just can extract deleted these some configuration condition configuration as the present invention.
The modified example of＜image element circuit 〉
For example, in addition, can change image element circuit P.For example, owing to form duality (duality) principle on Circuit theory, therefore according to this viewpoint, the change of image element circuit P is possible.In this case,, form contrast, use p type driving transistors 121 configuration image element circuit P with the image element circuit P that uses 121 configurations of n type driving transistors although diagram is omitted.In order to satisfy this purpose, use change according to principle of duality, as, be used for the change etc. of size of change, supply voltage of polarity of signal amplitude Δ Vin of the drift potential Vofs of picture signal Vsig.
Even according to modified example, driving transistors 121 changed in the organic EL display device of p type, with with the identical mode of organic EL display with n type driving transistors 121, can carry out threshold value correct operation, mobility correct operation and bootstrapping operation, and can use the measure of connecting up to it at the low-resistance negative electrode.
In the modified example of aforesaid image element circuit P, will be applied to configuration according to the change of " principle of duality " according to the foregoing description.Yet the technology that circuit changes is not limited thereto.When carrying out the threshold value correct operation, the transistorized quantity that constitutes image element circuit P be not be concerned about, as long as be used for level on the period picture signal Vsig of transition deviation current potential Vofs and signal potential Vin (=Vofs+ Δ Vin) be actuated to transfer to image signal line 106Hs and write the scan operation of scanning element 104 with coupling, and the drain side of driving transistors 121 (supply side) is carried out blocked operation to be used for the initialization operation that threshold value is proofreaied and correct at first and second current potentials.Further, constitute the transistorized quantity of image element circuit P or keep the quantity of electric capacity be not pay close attention to.For example, transistorized quantity can be three or more, and can all use the gray level control of operating according to the gray level interpolation of the embodiment of the invention to them.
In addition, when carrying out the threshold value correct operation, the configuration that drift potential Vofs and signal potential Vin are supplied with the grid of driving transistors 121 is not limited to the configuration of the reply picture signal Vsig such as the 2TR configuration, and for example, described in JP-A-2006-215213, can adopt the configuration that current potential is provided by independent transistor.
Even in modified example, when carrying out gray level control by the operation of gray level interpolation, also can use the following idea of the embodiment of the invention, the problem that this idea solves is: by initial denotable gray level being divided into a plurality of zones and public configuration information being used for each zone and increasing memory span with simple method.
The application comprises and on the May 7th, 2010 of relevant theme of disclosed theme in the Japanese priority patent application JP 2010-106922 that Jap.P. office submits to, and its full content mode by reference is incorporated in this.
It will be understood by those of skill in the art that according to designing requirement and other factors, various modifications, combination, part combination and change can occur, as long as it is in the scope of appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. display device comprises:
Display panel unit, the electro-optical device of wherein launching display light is with matrix arrangement;
Control module, it is by the electro-optical device selecting successively to be arranged and utilize based on first signal voltage of picture signal and secondary signal voltage and drive selected electro-optical device in order carrying out display gray scale control,
Wherein, the grey level range that described control module can be represented secondary signal voltage is divided into a plurality of zones, and be set to use each configuration information of first signal voltage by magnitude of voltage publicly, be used for the gray level interpolation operation of the display gray scale of interpolation electro-optical device with execution at each cut zone of secondary signal voltage according to gray level first signal voltage of picture signal and secondary signal voltage.
2. display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the facial unit pack of described demonstration contains the image element circuit with matrix arrangement, and each image element circuit comprises: driving transistors, it generates drive signal; Electro-optical device, it is connected to the output terminal of driving transistors; Keep electric capacity, it keeps the information based on the signal amplitude of picture signal; And sampling transistor, it will write maintenance electric capacity based on the information of signal amplitude.
3. display device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, described control module is set to first signal voltage based in a plurality of interpolation gray-scale voltages of this picture signal any one,
Secondary signal voltage is set to based on the corresponding basic gray-scale voltage of a gray level in a plurality of gray levels this picture signal, that can be provided with this picture signal, and
A described gray level and and corresponding gray level differ between the gray level of one-level and carry out the operation of gray level interpolation.
4. as each described display device in the claim 1 to 3, wherein, differ transition period of the gray level of one-level in a described gray level with a described corresponding gray level, before described control module will be changed/magnitude of voltage of first signal voltage that uses in interpolation afterwards is adjusted in the scope of configuration information of the configuration information of first signal voltage before the grey level transition and first signal voltage after the grey level transition.
5. display device as claimed in claim 4, wherein, described control module uses before the conversion/combination of the configuration information of afterwards first signal voltage, as before the conversion/magnitude of voltage of first signal voltage that in interpolation, uses afterwards.
6. display device as claimed in claim 4, wherein, described control module use by before conversion/value that the value of setting obtained of the configuration information of interpolation first signal voltage afterwards, as before the conversion/magnitude of voltage of first signal voltage that in interpolation, uses afterwards.
7. electronic apparatus comprises:
Display device, it comprises: display panel unit, the electro-optical device of wherein launching display light is with matrix arrangement; And control module, it drives selected electro-optical device with the control of execution display gray scale by selecting electro-optical device and utilization successively in order based on first signal voltage and the secondary signal voltage of picture signal,
Wherein, the grey level range that described control module can be represented secondary signal voltage is divided into a plurality of zones, and be set to use each configuration information of first signal voltage by magnitude of voltage publicly, be used for the gray level interpolation operation of the display gray scale of interpolation electro-optical device with execution at each cut zone of secondary signal voltage according to gray level first signal voltage of picture signal and secondary signal voltage.
8. method that drives display device, described display device by selecting display panel unit successively electro-optical device and utilize first signal voltage and secondary signal voltage to drive selected electro-optical device in order to carry out display gray scale control based on picture signal, in the wherein said display panel unit with matrix arrangement the emission display light electro-optical device, described method comprises following steps:
The grey level range that secondary signal voltage can be represented is divided into a plurality of zones, and be set to use each configuration information of first signal voltage by magnitude of voltage publicly, be used for the gray level interpolation operation of the display gray scale of interpolation electro-optical device with execution at each cut zone of secondary signal voltage according to gray level first signal voltage of picture signal and secondary signal voltage.
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| JP2010106922A JP5716292B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2010-05-07 | Display device, electronic device, and driving method of display device |
| JP106922/10 | 2010-05-07 |
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| CN108335673A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-27 | 上海交通大学 | The driving data voltage adjusting method and system of organic light emitting display |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2011237496A (en) | 2011-11-24 |
| US20110273483A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
| JP5716292B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
| US8427514B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
| CN102237035B (en) | 2015-10-14 |
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