CN102164930A - 制备混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐的方法,以及它们的用途 - Google Patents
制备混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐的方法,以及它们的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102164930A CN102164930A CN2009801373232A CN200980137323A CN102164930A CN 102164930 A CN102164930 A CN 102164930A CN 2009801373232 A CN2009801373232 A CN 2009801373232A CN 200980137323 A CN200980137323 A CN 200980137323A CN 102164930 A CN102164930 A CN 102164930A
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- ester
- salt
- dialkyl phosphinic
- phosphinic acid
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 phosphinic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 203
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical group NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical group CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-propan-2-yloxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical group CC(C)OC(=O)N=NC(=O)OC(C)C VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- AEIJTFQOBWATKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CO AEIJTFQOBWATKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- REGPDRSDSZELCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OC1=CC=CC=C1 REGPDRSDSZELCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylphosphine Chemical compound PC1=CC=CC=C1 RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- HOKBIQDJCNTWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidenezinc;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Zn]=P.[Zn]=P HOKBIQDJCNTWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDBYXKQCPYUOMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(4+) Chemical compound [Pt+4] NDBYXKQCPYUOMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum-iridium alloy Chemical compound [Ir].[Pt] HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGUFGVJURRPKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum;cyanide Chemical compound [Pt].N#[C-] BGUFGVJURRPKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001627 poly(4-methyl styrene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003251 poly(α-methylstyrene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005996 polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXKCRCGKCOKJEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)CC#N WXKCRCGKCOKJEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXLMPTNTPOWPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)OCC=C AXLMPTNTPOWPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCBSHORRWZKAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-1-monomyristoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO DCBSHORRWZKAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GJPYYNMJTJNYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GJPYYNMJTJNYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHCGLDSRFKGERO-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium peroxide Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][O-] UHCGLDSRFKGERO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JOKPITBUODAHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=S JOKPITBUODAHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000019086 sulfide ion homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(2-chloroacetyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)CCl)CC1 PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGYLMXMMQNTWEM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloropalladium Chemical compound Cl[Pd](Cl)(Cl)Cl KGYLMXMMQNTWEM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyanic acid Chemical compound SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(4+) Chemical compound [Sn+4] SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CMWCOKOTCLFJOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(3+) Chemical compound [Ti+3] CMWCOKOTCLFJOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940066528 trichloroacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylphosphine Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)C(C)C IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYWCXWRMUZYRPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CC=C HYWCXWRMUZYRPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBZHVBPVQIHFJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylalumane Chemical compound C[Al](C)C.C[Al](C)C ZBZHVBPVQIHFJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940048102 triphosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CCC KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAGQYUCAQQEEJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CP(CC(C)C)CC(C)C DAGQYUCAQQEEJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011746 zinc citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006076 zinc citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940068475 zinc citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc cyanide Chemical compound [Zn+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M zinc formate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C=O SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011576 zinc lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000193 zinc lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940050168 zinc lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001296 zinc oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940048462 zinc phosphide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J zinc pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XSMMCTCMFDWXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc silicate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O XSMMCTCMFDWXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019352 zinc silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940006174 zinc valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VRGNUPCISFMPEM-ZVGUSBNCSA-L zinc;(2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRGNUPCISFMPEM-ZVGUSBNCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HJSYJHHRQVHHMQ-ODZAUARKSA-L zinc;(z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O HJSYJHHRQVHHMQ-ODZAUARKSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LPEBYPDZMWMCLZ-CVBJKYQLSA-L zinc;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O LPEBYPDZMWMCLZ-CVBJKYQLSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AGFGXVAAIXIOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;butanedioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O AGFGXVAAIXIOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WDHVIZKSFZNHJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;butanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O WDHVIZKSFZNHJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dibenzoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MFMKGXZULQONRI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diiodate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]I(=O)=O.[O-]I(=O)=O MFMKGXZULQONRI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HHIMNFJHTNVXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dinitrite Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O HHIMNFJHTNVXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RXBXBWBHKPGHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diperchlorate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O RXBXBWBHKPGHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxalate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUDAIZWUWHWZPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;pentanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCC([O-])=O BUDAIZWUWHWZPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XKMZOFXGLBYJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C XKMZOFXGLBYJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XDWXRAYGALQIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;propanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O XDWXRAYGALQIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- IPCAPQRVQMIMAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconyl chloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)=O IPCAPQRVQMIMAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/06—Organic materials
- C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/301—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/306—Arylalkanephosphinic acids, e.g. Ar-(CH2)n-P(=X)(R)(XH), (X = O,S, Se; n>=1)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/32—Esters thereof
- C07F9/3205—Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
- C07F9/3211—Esters of acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/48—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐的方法,其特征在于,a)使次膦酸源(I)与烯烃(IV)在催化剂A存在下反应生成烷基亚膦酸、其盐或酯(II),b)如此生成的烷基亚膦酸、其盐或酯(II)与烯烃(IV)在催化剂B存在下反应生成混合取代的二烷基次膦酸衍生物(III),其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R11、R12、R13、R14相同或不同,并且彼此独立地为尤其是H、C1-C18烷基、C6-C18芳基、C6-C18芳烷基、C6-C18烷基芳基,X为H、C1-C18烷基、C6-C18芳基、C6-C18芳烷基、C6-C18烷基芳基、Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Cu、Ni、Li、Na、K和/或质子化的氮碱,催化剂A是过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物和/或催化剂体系,其由过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物和至少一种配体构成,催化剂B是形成过氧化物的化合物和/或过氧化化合物和/或偶氮化合物。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐的方法,以及它们的用途。
迄今为止还没有经济上和工业上可行的,而且能够获得高时空产率的制备混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐的方法。也没有这样的方法,其在没有干扰性卤素化合物作为反应物的情况下是充分有效的,并且没有这样的方法,在该方法中最终产物能够轻易获得或分离,或者在特定的反应条件下(例如酯交换)也能够有针对性地制得。
该问题通过一种制备混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐的方法得以解决,其特征在于,a)使次膦酸源(I)
与烯烃(IV)
在催化剂A存在下反应生成烷基亚膦酸、其盐或酯(II),
b)如此生成的烷基亚膦酸、其盐或酯(II)与上述的烯烃(IV)在催化剂B存在下反应生成混合取代的二烷基次膦酸衍生物(III),
其中,R1,R2,R3,R4,R11,R12,R13,R14相同或不同,并且彼此独立地为H、C1-C18烷基、C6-C18芳基、C6-C18芳烷基、C6-C18烷基芳基、CN、CHO、OC(O)CH2CN、CH(OH)C2H5、CH2CH(OH)CH3、9-蒽、2-吡咯烷酮、(CH2)mOH,(CH2)mNH2、(CH2)mNCS、(CH2)mNC(S)NH2、(CH2)mSH,(CH2)mS-2-噻唑啉、(CH2)mSiMe3、C(O)R5、(CH2)mC(O)R5、CH=CH-R5、CH=CH-C(O)R5,其中R5为C1-C8烷基或C6-C18芳基,m表示0~10的整数,以及X为H、C1-C18烷基、C6-C18芳基、C6-C18芳烷基、C6-C18烷基芳基、(CH2)kOH、CH2-CHOH-CH2OH、(CH2)kO(CH2)kH、(CH2)k-CH(OH)-(CH2)kH、(CH2-CH2O)kH、(CH2-C[CH3]HO)kH、(CH2-C[CH3]HO)k(CH2-CH2O)kH、(CH2-CH2O)k(CH2-C[CH3]HO)H、(CH2-CH2O)k-烷基、(CH2-C[CH3]HO)k-烷基、(CH2-C[CH3]HO)k(CH2-CH2O)k-烷基、(CH2-CH2O)k(CH2-C[CH3]HO)O-烷基、(CH2)k-CH=CH(CH2)kH、(CH2)kNH2、(CH2)kN[(CH2)kH]2,其中k是0~10的整数,和/或X为Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Cu、Ni、Li、Na、K、H和/或质子化的氮碱,以及催化剂A是过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物和/或催化剂体系,其由一种过渡金属和/或一种过渡金属化合物和至少一种配体构成,催化剂B是形成过氧化物的化合物和/或过氧化化合物和/或偶氮化合物。
优选地,在步骤b)之后得到的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸盐或二烷基次膦酸酯(III)随后在步骤c)中与Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na、K的金属化合物和/或质子化的氮碱反应生成这些金属和/或含氮化合物相应的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸盐(III)。
优选地,在步骤a)之后得到的烷基亚膦酸、其盐或酯(II)和/或在步骤b)之后得到的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸盐或二烷基次膦酸酯(III)和/或分别产生的反应溶液,与氧化烯烃或醇M-OH和/或M′-OH发生酯化,并且使分别得到的烷基亚膦酸酯(II)和/或混合取代的二烷基次膦酸酯(III)经历进一步的反应步骤b)或c)。
优选地,基团C6-C18芳基、C6-C18芳烷基和C6-C18烷基芳基被SO3X2、-C(O)CH3、OH、CH2OH、CH3SO3X2、PO3X2、NH2、NO2、OCH3、SH和/或OC(O)CH3取代。
优选地,R1、R2、R3、R4、R11、R12、R13、R14相同或不同,并且彼此独立地为H、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基和/或苯基。
优选地,X为H、Ca、Mg、Al、Zn、Ti、Fe、Ce、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、苯基、乙二醇、丙基乙二醇、丁基乙二醇、戊基乙二醇、己基乙二醇、烯丙基和/或甘油。
优选地,m=1~10,k=2~10。
优选地,催化剂体系A通过一种过渡金属和/或一种过渡金属化合物与至少一种配体的反应而形成。
优选地,过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物是源自第七和第八副族的那些。
优选地,过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物是铑、镍、钯、钌和/或铂。
优选地,催化剂B是过氧化氢、过氧化钠、过氧化锂、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵、过二硫酸钠、过氧硼酸钾、过乙酸、过氧化苯甲酰、二叔丁基过氧化物和/或过二硫酸和/或是偶氮二异丁腈、2,2′-偶氮双(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐和/或2,2′-偶氮双(N,N′-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐。
优选地,通式M-OH的醇是直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的、具有C1-C18碳链长度的一元有机醇,通式M′-OH的醇是直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的、具有C1-C18碳链长度的多元有机醇。
本发明还涉及权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐(III)作为用于进一步合成的中间体,作为粘结剂,作为在环氧树脂、聚氨酯和不饱和聚酯树脂的固化中的交联剂或促进剂,作为聚合物稳定剂,作为植物保护剂,作为用于人和动物的治疗剂或治疗剂中的添加剂,作为螯合剂,作为矿物油添加剂,作为抗蚀剂,在洗涤剂和清洁剂应用中以及在电子应用中的用途。
本发明还涉及权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、盐和酯(III)作为阻燃剂,特别是透明漆和发泡型防火涂料的阻燃剂,木材和其它含纤维素产品的阻燃剂,作为聚合物的反应性和/或非反应性阻燃剂,用于制备阻燃聚合物模塑材料,用于制备阻燃聚合物成型体和/或用于通过浸渍为聚酯和纤维素纯织物和混纺织物进行阻燃性整理的用途。
本发明还涉及一种阻燃热塑性或热固性聚合物模塑材料,其含有0.5~45重量%的如权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸盐或二烷基次膦酸酯(III),0.5~99重量%的热塑性或热固性聚合物或它们的混合物,0~55重量%的添加剂和0~55重量%的填料或增强材料,其中,各组分之和为100重量%。
最后,本发明还涉及阻燃热塑性或热固性聚合物成型体、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维,其含有0.5~45重量%的如权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸盐或二烷基次膦酸酯(III),0.5~99重量%的热塑性或热固性聚合物或它们的混合物,0~55重量%的添加剂和0~55重量%的填料或增强材料,其中,各组分之和为100重量%。
所有上述反应也可以分步进行;同样,在各反应步骤中,也可以使用各自产生的反应溶液。
如果根据步骤b)的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸(III)是酯,则优选实施酸性或碱性水解,以得到游离的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸或其盐。
优选地,混合取代的二烷基次膦酸是乙基丙基次膦酸、乙基异丙基次膦酸、乙基丁基次膦酸、乙基仲丁基次膦酸、乙基异丁基次膦酸、乙基-2-苯基乙基次膦酸、丙基异丙基次膦酸、丙基丁基次膦酸、丙基仲丁基次膦酸、丙基异丁基次膦酸、丙基-2-苯基乙基次膦酸、丁基异丁基次膦酸、丁基仲丁基次膦酸、丁基-2-苯基乙基次膦酸、仲丁基异丁基次膦酸、仲丁基-2-苯基乙基次膦酸、异丁基-2-苯基乙基次膦酸。
优选地,混合取代的二烷基次膦酸酯是前述混合取代的二烷基次膦酸的丙酸-,甲基-,乙基-;异丙基-,丁基-,苯基-;2-羟乙基-,2-羟丙基-,3-羟丙基-,4-羟丁基-和/或2,3-二羟丙基酯。
优选地,混合取代的二烷基次膦酸盐是前述混合取代的二烷基次膦酸的铝(III)、钙(II)、镁(II)、铈(III)、钛(IV)和/或锌(II)盐。
优选地,R1=R11,R2=R12,R3=R13并且R4=R14。
优选地,催化剂A的过渡金属是第七和第八副族元素(按新命名法是7,8,9或10族金属),例如铼、钌、钴、铑、铱、镍、钯和铂。
优选地,作为过渡金属和过渡金属化合物的来源使用它们的金属盐。适当的盐是无机酸的那些,其含有阴离子氟根,氯根,溴根,碘根,氟酸根,氯酸根,溴酸根,碘酸根,亚氟酸根,亚氯酸根,亚溴酸根,亚碘酸根,次氟酸根,次氯酸根,次溴酸根,次碘酸根,高氟酸根,高氯酸根,高溴酸根,高碘酸根,氰根,氰酸根,硝酸根,氮根,亚硝酸根,氧根,氢氧根,硼酸根,硫酸根,亚硫酸根,硫根,过硫酸根,硫代硫酸根,氨基磺酸根,磷酸根,亚磷酸根,次磷酸根,磷根,碳酸根和磺酸根,例如甲磺酸根、氯磺酸根、氟磺酸根、三氟甲磺酸根、苯磺酸根、萘磺酸根、甲苯磺酸根、叔丁基磺酸根、2-羟基丙磺酸根和磺化离子交换树脂;和/或有机盐,例如乙酰丙酮化物和具有最多20个碳原子的羧酸盐,例如甲酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、草酸盐、硬脂酸盐和柠檬酸盐,包括具有最多20个碳原子的卤代羧酸,例如三氟乙酸盐、三氯乙酸盐。
所述过渡金属和过渡金属化合物的其它来源是过渡金属与四苯基硼酸阴离子和卤代四苯基硼酸阴离子的盐,例如全氟苯基硼酸盐。
适当的盐还包括复盐和络盐,其由一种或多种过渡金属离子,和彼此独立地,一种或多种碱金属离子、碱土金属离子、铵离子、有机铵离子、鏻离子和有机鏻离子,以及彼此独立地,一种或多种上述阴离子组成。适当的复盐为例如六氯钯酸铵和四氯钯酸铵。
优选地,过渡金属来源是元素形式的过渡金属和/或处于零价态的过渡金属化合物。
优选地,以金属形式或以与其它金属的合金的形式使用过渡金属,这其中优选硼、锆、钽、钨、铼、钴、铱、镍、钯、铂和/或金。在所用的合金中,过渡金属含量优选为45~99.95重量%。
优选地,以微分散形式(粒度0.1mm~100μm)使用过渡金属。
优选地,过渡金属以负载在金属氧化物上(例如氧化铝、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、二氧化锆、氧化锌、氧化镍、氧化钒、氧化铬、氧化镁、硅藻土),在金属碳酸盐上(例如碳酸钡、碳酸钙、碳酸锶),在金属硫酸盐上(例如硫酸钡、硫酸钙、硫酸锶),在金属磷酸盐上(例如磷酸铝、磷酸钒),在金属碳化物上(例如碳化硅),在金属铝酸盐上(例如铝酸钙),在金属硅酸盐上(例如硅酸铝、白垩、沸石、膨润土、蒙脱石、锂蒙脱石),在官能化的硅酸盐、官能化的硅胶上(例如QuadraSilTM),在官能化的聚硅氧烷上(例如),在金属氮化物上,在碳、活性炭、莫来石、铝矾土、辉锑矿、白钨矿、钙钛矿、水滑石、杂多阴离子上,在官能化和非官能化的纤维素、壳聚糖、角蛋白、杂多阴离子上,在离子交换剂上(例如AmberliteTM、AmberjetTM、AmbersepTM、 ),在官能化的聚合物上(例如QuadraPureTM、),在聚合物键合的磷烷、磷烷氧化物、次膦酸盐、膦酸盐、磷酸盐、胺、铵盐、酰胺、硫代酰胺、脲、硫脲、三嗪、咪唑、吡唑、吡啶、嘧啶、吡嗪、硫醇、硫醚、硫醇酯、醇、烷氧化物、醚、酯、羧酸、乙酸酯、缩醛、肽、杂芳烯、聚乙烯亚胺/二氧化硅和/或树状大分子上的形式使用。
适当的金属盐和/或所述过渡金属的来源优选同样为它们的络合物。金属盐和/或过渡金属的络合物由金属盐或过渡金属与一种或多种络合剂构成。适当的络合剂是例如烯烃,二烯烃,腈,二腈,一氧化碳,膦,双膦,亚磷酸盐,二亚磷酸盐,二亚苄叉丙酮,环戊二烯,茚或苯乙烯。适当的金属盐和/或过渡金属的络合物可以负载在上述的载体材料上。
优选地,上述负载的过渡金属的含量是0.01~20重量%,更优选0.1~10重量%,特别优选0.2~5重量%,基于载体材料的总质量计。
适当的过渡金属和过渡金属化合物的来源是例如钯、铂、镍、铑;钯、铂、镍或铑负载在氧化铝、氧化硅、碳酸钡、硫酸钡、碳酸钙、碳酸锶、碳、活性炭上;铂-钯-金,铝-镍,铁-镍,镧系-镍,锆-镍,铂-铱,铂-铑合金;镍,镍-锌-铁氧化物;钯(II)、镍(II)、铂(II)、铑的氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、氟化物、氢化物、氧化物、过氧化物、氰化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷化物、硼化物、铬氧化物、钴氧化物、碱式碳酸盐、环己烷丁酸盐、氢氧化物、钼酸盐、辛酸盐、草酸盐、高氯酸盐、酞菁钯(II)、酞菁镍(II)、酞菁铂(II)、酞菁铑、5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-八丁氧基-2,3-萘酞菁钯(II)、5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-八丁氧基-2,3-萘酞菁镍(II)、5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-八丁氧基-2,3-萘酞菁铂(II)、5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-八丁氧基-2,3-萘酞菁铑、钯(II)、镍(II)、铂(II)、铑的氨基磺酸盐、高氯酸盐、硫氰酸盐、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-己烷二羧酸盐)、丙酸盐、乙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、2-乙基己酸盐、乙酰丙酮化物、六氟乙酰丙酮化物、四氟硼酸盐、硫代硫酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、酞菁钯(II)四磺酸四钠盐、酞菁镍(II)四磺酸四钠盐、酞菁铂(II)四磺酸四钠盐、酞菁铑四磺酸四钠盐、甲基钯(II)、甲基镍(II)、甲基铂(II)、甲基铑、环戊二烯基钯(II)、环戊二烯基镍(II)、环戊二烯基铂(II)、环戊二烯基铑、甲基环戊二烯基钯(II)、甲基环戊二烯基镍(II)、甲基环戊二烯基铂(II)、甲基环戊二烯基铑、乙基环戊二烯基钯(II)、乙基环戊二烯基镍(II)、乙基环戊二烯基铂(II)、乙基环戊二烯基铑、五甲基环戊二烯基钯(II)、五甲基环戊二烯基镍(II)、五甲基环戊二烯基铂(II)、五甲基环戊二烯基铑、2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-八乙基-21H,23H-卟吩钯(II)、2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-八乙基-21H,23H-卟吩镍(II)、2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-八乙基-21H,23H-卟吩铂(II)、2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-八乙基-21H,23H-卟吩铑、5,10,15,20-四苯基-21H,23H-卟吩钯(II)、5,10,15,20-四苯基-21H,23H-卟吩镍(II)、5,10,15,20-四苯基-21H,23H-卟吩铂(II)、5,10,15,20-四苯基-21H,23H-卟吩铑、双(5-[[4-(二甲氨基)苯基]亚氨基]-8(5H)-喹啉酮)钯(II)、双(5-[[4-(二甲氨基)苯基]亚氨基]-8(5H)-喹啉酮)镍(II)、双(5-[[4-(二甲氨基)苯基]亚氨基]-8(5H)-喹啉酮)铂(II)、双(5-[[4-(二甲氨基)苯基]亚氨基]-8(5H)-喹啉酮)铑、2,11,20,29-四叔丁基-2,3-萘酞菁钯(II)、2,11,20,29-四叔丁基-2,3-萘酞菁镍(II)、2,11,20,29-四叔丁基-2,3-萘酞菁铂(II)、2,11,20,29-四叔丁基-2,3-萘酞菁铑、2,9,16,23-四苯氧基-29H,31H-酞菁钯(II)、2,9,16,23-四苯氧基-29H,31H-酞菁镍(II)、2,9,16,23-四苯氧基-29H,31H-酞菁铂(II)、2,9,16,23-四苯氧基-29H,31H-酞菁铑、5,10,15,20-四(五氟苯基)-21H,23H-卟吩钯(II)、5,10,15,20-四(五氟苯基)-21H,23H-卟吩镍(II)、5,10,15,20-四(五氟苯基)-21H,23H-卟吩铂(II)、5,10,15,20-四(五氟苯基)-21H,23H-卟吩铑及其1,4-双(二苯基膦)丁烷-、1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙烷-、2-(2′-二叔丁基膦)联苯-、乙腈-、苯甲腈-、乙二胺-、氯仿-、1,2-双(苯亚磺酰)乙烷-、1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)咪唑啉)(3-氯吡啶)-、2′-(二甲氨基)-2-联苯基-、二降冰片基膦-、2-(二甲氨基甲基)二茂铁-、烯丙基-、双(二苯基膦)丁烷-、(N-琥珀酰亚胺基)双(三苯基膦)-、二甲基苯基膦-、甲基二苯基膦-、1,10-菲咯啉-、1,5-环辛二烯-、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺-、三苯基膦-、三-邻甲苯基膦-、三环己基膦-、三丁基膦-、三乙基膦-、2,2′-双(二苯基膦)-1,1′-二萘基-、1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)咪唑-2-亚基-、1,3-双(均三甲苯基)咪唑-2-亚基-、1,1′-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁-,1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷-、N-甲基咪唑-、2,2′-联吡啶-、(双环[2.2.1]-庚-2,5-二烯)-、双(二叔丁基(4-二甲氨基苯基)膦)-、双(异氰基叔丁烷)-、2-甲氧基乙醚-、乙二醇二甲醚-、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷-、双(1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇)-、双(N,N-二乙基乙二胺)-、1,2-二氨基环己烷-、吡啶-、2,2′:6′,2″-三联吡啶、二乙基硫醚-、乙烯-、胺-络合物;
钾、钠、铵的六氯合钯(IV)酸盐,钾、钠、铵的四氯合钯(II)酸盐,溴代(三叔丁基膦)钯(I)二聚物,(2-甲基烯丙基)氯化钯(II)二聚体,双(二苯亚甲基丙酮)钯(0),三(二苯亚甲基丙酮)二钯(0),四(三苯基膦)钯(0),四(三环己基膦)钯(0),双[1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷]钯(0),双(3,5,3′,5′-二甲氧基二苯亚甲基丙酮)钯(0),双(三叔丁基膦)钯(0),内消旋-四苯基四苯并卟吩钯,四(甲基二苯基膦)钯(0),三(3,3′,3″-phophinidyn-三(苯磺酰基)钯(0)九钠盐,1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)-咪唑-2-亚基(1,4-萘醌)钯(0),1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)-咪唑-2-亚基(1,4-萘醌)钯(0),及其氯仿络合物;
烯丙基氯化镍(II)二聚体,硫酸镍(II)铵,双(1,5-环辛二烯)镍(0),双(三苯基膦)二羧酸镍(0),四(三苯基膦)镍(0),四(三苯基亚磷)镍(0),六氟镍(IV)酸钾,四氰基镍(II)酸钾,仲高碘酸镍(IV)钾,四溴镍(II)酸二锂,四氰基镍(II)酸钾;
氯化铂(IV),氧化铂(IV),硫化铂(IV),钾、钠、铵的六氯合铂(IV)酸盐,钾、铵的四氯合铂(II)酸盐,四氰基铂(II)酸钾,三甲基(甲基环戊二烯基)铂(IV),顺式-二胺四氯合铂(IV),三氯(乙烯)铂(II)酸钾,六羟基铂(IV)酸钠,四氯合铂(II)酸四胺合铂(II),六氯合铂(IV)酸四丁基铵,乙烯双(三苯基膦)铂(0),铂(0)-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷,铂(0)-2,4,6,8-四乙烯基环四硅氧烷,四(三苯基膦)铂(0),八乙基卟吩铂,氯铂酸,羰基铂;
氯代双(乙烯)铑二聚体,六癸酰六铑,氯代(1,5-环辛二烯)铑二聚体,氯代(降冰片二烯)铑二聚体,氯代(1,5-己二烯)铑二聚体。
优选地,配体是式(V)的膦:
PR6 3 (V)
其中,基团R6彼此独立地为氢,直链、支链或环状的C1-C20烷基,C6-C20烷基芳基,C2-C20烯基,C2-C20炔基,C1-C20羧酸酯,C1-C20烷氧基,C2-C20烯氧基,C2-C20炔氧基,C2-C20烷氧羰基,C1-C20烷硫基,C1-C20烷基磺酰基,C1-C20烷基亚磺酰基,甲硅烷基和/或它们的衍生物,和/或被至少一个R7取代的苯基或至少一个R7取代的萘基。R7彼此独立地为氢,氟,氯,溴,碘,NH2,硝基,羟基,氰基,甲酰基,直链、支链或环状的C1-C20烷基,C1-C20烷氧基,HN(C1-C20烷基),N(C1-C20烷基)2,-CO2-(C1-C20烷基),-CON(C1-C20烷基)2,-OCO(C1-C20烷基),NHCO(C1-C20烷基),C1-C20酰基,-SO3M,-SO2N(R8)M,-CO2M,-PO3M2,-AsO3M2,-SiO2M,-C(CF3)2OM(M=H,Li,Na或K),其中R8表示氢,氟,氯,溴,碘,直链、支链或环状的C1-C20烷基,C2-C20烯基,C2-C20炔基,C1-C20羧酸酯,C1-C20烷氧基,C2-C20烯氧基,C2-C20炔氧基,C2-C20烷氧羰基,C1-C20烷硫基,C1-C20烷基磺酰基,C1-C20烷基亚磺酰基,甲硅烷基和/或它们的衍生物,芳基,C6-C20芳基烷基,C6-C20烷基芳基,苯基和/或联苯基。优选地,所有基团R6是相同的。
适当的膦(V)是例如三甲基膦、三乙基膦、三丙基膦、三异丙基膦、三丁基膦、三异丁基膦、三异戊基膦、三己基膦、三环己基膦、三辛基膦、三癸基膦、三苯基膦、二苯基甲基膦、苯基二甲基膦、三(邻甲苯基)膦、三(对甲苯基)膦、乙基二苯基膦、二环己基苯基膦、2-吡啶基二苯基膦、双(6-甲基-2-吡啶基)苯基膦、三(对氯苯基)膦、三(对甲氧基苯基)膦、二苯基(2-磺酸基苯基)膦;二苯基(3-磺酸基苯基)膦、双(4,6-二甲基-3-磺酸基苯基)(2,4-二甲基苯基)膦、双(3-磺酸基苯基)苯基膦、三(4,6-二甲基-3-磺酸基苯基)膦、三(2-磺酸基苯基)膦、三(3-磺酸基苯基)膦的钾、钠、铵盐;2-双(二苯基膦乙基)三甲基碘化铵,2′-二环己基膦-2,6-二甲氧基-3-磺酸基-1,1′-联苯钠盐,三甲基亚磷酸盐和/或三苯基亚磷酸盐。
特别优选地,所述配体是如下通式所示的双齿配体:
R6M″-Z-M″R6 (VI)
式中M″彼此独立地表示N,P,As或Sb。优选两个M″是相同的,并且特别优选M″为磷原子。
每个基团R6彼此独立地表示式(V)中所述的残基。优选地,所有基团R6是相同的。
Z优选为一个二价的桥联基团,其包含至少1个桥原子,其中优选包含2~6个桥原子。
桥原子可以选自C,N,O,Si和S原子。优选Z是有机桥联基团,其包含至少一个碳原子。优选Z是有机桥联基团,其包含1~6个桥原子,其中至少两个是碳原子,其可以是未取代的或取代的。
优选的基团Z是-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-,-CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-,-CH2-C(C2H5)-CH2-,-CH2-Si(CH3)2-CH2-,-CH2-O-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH(C2H5)-CH2-,-CH2-CH(n-Pr)-CH和-CH2-CH(n-Bu)-CH2-,未取代或取代的1,2-苯基-、1,2-环己基-、1,1′-或1,2-二茂铁残基、2,2′-(1,1′-联苯基)-、4,5-呫吨-和/或氧代二-2,1-亚苯基残基。
适当的双齿膦配体(VI)是例如1,2-双(二甲基膦基)乙烷,1,2-双(二乙基膦基)乙烷,1,2-双(二丙基膦基)乙烷,1,2-双(二异丙基膦基)乙烷,1,2-双(二丁基膦基)乙烷,1,2-双(二叔丁基膦基)乙烷,1,2-双(二环己基膦基)乙烷和1,2-双(二苯基膦基)乙烷;1,3-双(二环己基膦基)丙烷,1,3-双(二异丙基膦基)丙烷,1,3-双(二叔丁基膦基)丙烷和1,3-双(二苯基膦基)丙烷;1,4-双(二异丙基膦基)丁烷和1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷;1,5-双(二环己基膦基)戊烷;1,2-双(二叔丁基膦基)苯,1,2-双(二苯基膦基)苯,1,2-双(二环己基膦基)苯,1,2-双(二环戊基膦基)苯,1,3-双(二叔丁基膦基)苯,1,3-双(二苯基膦基)苯,1,3-双(二环己基膦基)苯,1,3-双(二环戊基膦基)苯;9,9-二甲基-4,5-双(二苯基膦基)呫吨,9,9-二甲基-4,5-双(二苯基膦基)-2,7-二叔丁基呫吨,9,9-二甲基-4,5-双(二叔丁基膦基)呫吨,1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁,2,2′-双(二苯基膦基)-1,1′-联萘,2,2′-双(二对甲苯基膦基)-1,1′-联萘,(氧代二-2,1-亚苯基)双(二苯膦),2,5-(二异丙基磷杂环戊烷基)苯,2,3-O-异丙亚丙基-2,3-二羟基-1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷,2,2′-双(二叔丁基膦基)-1,1′-联苯,2,2′-双(二环己基膦基)-1,1′-联苯,2,2′-双(二苯基膦基)-1,1′-联苯,2-(二叔丁基膦基)-2′-(N,N-二甲氨基)联苯,2-(二环己基膦基)-2′-(N,N-二甲氨基)联苯,2-(二苯基膦基)-2′-(N,N-二甲氨基)联苯,2-(二苯基膦基)乙胺,2-[2-(二苯基膦基)乙基]吡啶;1,2-双(二-4-磺酸基苯基膦基)苯、(2,2′-双[[双(3-磺酸基苯基)膦基]甲基]-4,4′,7,7′-四磺酸基-1,1′-联萘、(2,2′-双[[双(3-磺酸基苯基)膦基]甲基]-5,5′-四磺酸基-1,1′-联苯、(2,2′-双[[双(3-磺酸基苯基)膦基]甲基]-1,1′-联萘、(2,2′-双[[双(3-磺酸基苯基)膦基]甲基]-1,1′-联苯、9,9-二甲基-4,5-双(二苯基膦基)-2,7-磺酸呫吨、9,9-二甲基-4,5-双(二叔丁基膦基)-2,7-磺酸呫吨、1,2-双(二-4-磺酸基苯基膦基)苯、内消旋-四(4-磺酸基苯基)膦、内消旋-四(2,6-二氯-3-磺酸基苯基)膦、内消旋-四(3-磺酸基均三甲苯基)膦、四(4-羧基苯基)膦和5,11,17,23-磺酸基-25,26,27,28-四羟基杯[4]芳烃的钾、钠、铵盐。
此外,式(V)和(VI)的配体通过残基R6和/或桥联基团还可以键合到适当的聚合物或无机底物上。
催化剂体系的过渡金属-配体摩尔比为1∶0.01~1∶100,优选1∶0.05~1∶10,特别是1∶1~1∶4。
优选地,方法步骤a)、b)和c)中的反应选择性地在包含其它气体成分(例如氮气、氧气、氩气、二氧化碳)的气氛中进行;温度为-20~340℃,特别是20~180℃,反应总压力为1~100巴。
产物和/或过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物和/或催化剂体系和/或配体和/或原料的分离在方法步骤a)、b)和c)之后进行,任选通过蒸馏或精馏、通过结晶或沉淀、通过过滤或离心、通过吸附或色谱或其它已知的方法进行。
根据本发明,通过例如蒸馏、过滤和/或萃取分离出溶剂、助剂和其它可能的挥发性成分。
优选地,方法步骤a)、b)和c)的反应选择性地在吸附柱、喷淋塔、鼓泡柱、搅拌釜、滴流床反应器、流动管、环管反应器和/或捏合机中进行。
适当的混合设备例如锚式、桨式、MIG、螺旋桨、叶轮、涡轮、十字搅拌器,分散盘,空化(气化)搅拌器,转子-定子混合器,静态混合器,文丘里喷嘴和/或超大型泵。
在此,反应溶液/混合物经历这样的混合强度,其相当于旋转雷诺数1~1,000,000,优选100~100,000。
优选地,各反应物料的强效搅拌在0.080~10kW/m3,优选0.30~1.65kW/m3能量输入下进行。
优选地,催化剂A在反应期间以均相和/或非均相形式发挥作用。因此,以非均相形式发挥作用的催化剂在反应期间总以悬浮液形式或结合到固态相的形式发挥作用。
优选地,各催化剂A在反应之前和/或反应开始时和/或在反应期间原位生成。
优选地,各反应在作为单相体系的溶剂中,在均相或非均相的混合物和/或在气相中进行。
采用多相体系时可以附加使用相转移催化剂。
根据本发明的反应可以在液相中、在气相中或在超临界相中进行。在此,催化剂A或B以液体情况下优选以均相形式或作为悬浮液使用,而在气相或超临界操作方式的情况下,固定床设备是有利的。
适当的溶剂是水,醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、正戊醇、异戊醇、叔戊醇、正己醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、正十三烷醇,苯甲醇等。优选的是二醇,例如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇等;脂肪烃,如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷和石油醚、石油精、煤油、石油、石蜡油等;芳香烃,如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、乙苯、二乙苯等;卤代烃,如二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯苯、四氯化碳、四溴乙烯等;脂环烃,如环戊烷、环己烷和甲基环己烷等;醚,如茴香醚(甲基苯基醚)、叔丁基甲基醚、二苄基醚、二乙基醚、二氧六环、二苯醚、甲基乙烯基醚、四氢呋喃、三异丙基醚等;二醇醚,如二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚(二甘醇二甲醚)、二乙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(DME,单甘醇二甲醚)、乙二醇单丁基醚、三乙二醇二甲醚(三甘醇二甲醚)、三乙二醇单乙基醚等;酮,如丙酮、二异丁基酮、甲基正丙基酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮等;酯,如甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯和乙酸正丁酯等;羧酸,如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等;单独或彼此组合使用。
适当的溶剂还有所使用的烯烃和次膦酸源。这对于获得较高的空-时产率是有利的。
优选地,所述反应在烯烃和/或溶剂自身的蒸汽压下进行。
优选地,烯烃(IV)的R1,R2,R3,R4相同或不同,并且彼此独立地为H,甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,叔丁基和/或苯基。
优选地,也使用官能化的烯烃,例如烯丙基异硫氰酸酯,烯丙基甲基丙烯酸酯,2-烯丙基苯酚,N-烯丙基硫脲,2-(烯丙基硫代)-2-噻唑啉,烯丙基三甲基硅烷,醋酸烯丙酯,乙酰乙酸烯丙酯,烯丙醇,烯丙胺,烯丙基苯,烯丙基氰,氰基乙酸烯丙酯,烯丙基茴香醚,反式-2-戊烯醛,顺式-2-戊烯腈,1-戊烯-3-醇,4-戊烯-1-醇,4-戊烯-2-醇,反式-2-己烯醛,反式-2-己烯-1-醇,顺式-3-己烯-1-醇,5-己烯-1-醇,苯乙烯,-甲基苯乙烯,4-甲基苯乙烯,醋酸乙烯酯,9-乙烯基蒽,2-乙烯基吡啶,4-乙烯基吡啶和1-乙烯基-2-吡咯啉酮。
优选地,反应在0.01~100巴的烯烃分压下,特别优选在0.1~10巴的烯烃分压下进行。
优选地,反应以1∶10,000~1∶0.001的次膦酸-烯烃摩尔比,特别优选以1∶30~1∶0.01的比例进行。
优选地,反应以1∶1~1∶0.00000001的次膦酸-催化剂摩尔比,特别优选在1∶0.01~1∶0.000001下进行。
优选地,反应以1∶10,000~1∶0的次膦酸-溶剂摩尔比,特别优选在1∶50~1∶1下进行。
根据本发明的制备式(II)化合物的方法的特征在于,次膦酸源与烯烃在催化剂存在下反应,并且释放出催化剂的产物(II)(烷基亚膦酸及其盐、酯)、过渡金属或者过渡金属化合物、配体、络合剂、盐和副产物。
根据本发明,通过加入助剂1将催化剂、催化剂体系、过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物分离出来,以及通过萃取和/或过滤去除催化剂、催化剂体系、过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物。
根据本发明,通过用助剂2萃取和/或用助剂2蒸馏将配体和/或络合剂分离出来。
助剂1优选水和/或金属捕获剂(Metal Scavenger)中的至少-种。优选的金属捕获剂是金属氧化物,如氧化铝、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、二氧化锆、氧化锌、氧化镍、氧化钒、氧化铬、氧化镁、硅藻土;金属碳酸盐,如碳酸钡、碳酸钙、碳酸锶;金属硫酸盐,如硫酸钡、硫酸钙、硫酸锶;金属磷酸盐,如磷酸铝、磷酸钒;金属碳化物,如碳化硅;金属铝酸盐,如铝酸钙;金属硅酸盐,如硅酸铝、白垩、沸石、膨润土、蒙脱石、锂蒙脱石;官能化的硅酸盐、官能化的硅胶,如QuadraSilTM;官能化的聚硅氧烷,如金属氮化物,碳,活性炭,莫来石,铝矾土,辉锑矿,白钨矿,钙钛矿,水滑石,官能化和非官能化的纤维素、壳聚糖、角蛋白、杂多阴离子,离子交换剂,如AmberliteTM、AmberjetTM、AmbersepTM、 官能化的聚合物,如QuadraPureTM、聚合物键合的磷烷、磷烷氧化物、次膦酸盐、膦酸盐、磷酸盐、胺、铵盐、酰胺、硫代酰胺、脲、硫脲、三嗪、咪唑、吡唑、吡啶、嘧啶、吡嗪、硫醇、硫醚、硫醇酯、醇、烷氧化物、醚、酯、羧酸、乙酸酯、缩醛、肽、杂芳烯、聚乙烯亚胺/二氧化硅和/或树状大分子。
优选地,助剂1以这样的量添加,该量相当于在助剂1上0.1~40重量%的金属负载量。
优选助剂1在温度20~90℃下使用。
优选助剂1的停留时间为0.5~360分钟。
助剂2优选为上述的根据本发明的溶剂,如优选在方法步骤a)中使用的那种。
将混合取代的二烷基次膦酸(III)或者烷基亚膦酸(II)以及次膦酸源(I)酯化生成相应的酯,可以例如通过与较高沸点醇的反应,通过共沸蒸馏除去生成的水,或者通过与环氧化物(氧化烯烃)的反应来实现。
优选地,在此在步骤a)之后,将烷基亚膦酸(II)用通式M-OH和/或M′-OH的醇或通过与氧化烯烃的反应,如下文所述那样,直接酯化。
优选地,M-OH是具有C1-C18碳链长度的伯、仲、叔醇。特别优选的是甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、2-丁醇、叔丁醇、戊醇和/或己醇。
优选地,M′-OH是乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、甘油、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇、甘露醇、α-萘酚、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和/或EO-PO嵌段共聚物。
还适合作为M-OH和M′-OH的是一元或多元的、具有C1-C18碳链长度的不饱和醇,例如2-正丁烯-1-醇,1,4-丁烯二醇和烯丙醇。
还适合作为M-OH和M′-OH的是一元醇与一种或多种氧化烯烃分子,优选与环氧乙烷和/或1,2-环氧丙烷的反应产物。优选的是2-甲氧基乙醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、2-正丁氧基乙醇、2-(2′-乙基己氧基)乙醇、2-正十二烷氧基乙醇、甲基二乙二醇、乙基二乙二醇、异丙基二乙二醇、脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚和芳基聚乙二醇醚。
优选地,M-OH和M′-OH还是多元醇与一种或多种氧化烯烃分子的反应产物,特别是二乙二醇和三乙二醇以及1至6分子环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷与甘油、三羟甲基丙烷或季戊四醇的加合物。
作为M-OH和M′-OH也可以使用水与一个或多个分子的氧化烯烃的反应产物。优选的是不同分子大小的聚乙二醇和聚-1,2-丙二醇,其平均分子量为100~1,000g/mol,特别优选150~350g/mol。
优选作为M-OH和M′-OH的还有环氧乙烷与聚-1,2-丙二醇或脂肪醇丙二醇;同样地,1,2-环氧丙烷与聚乙二醇或脂肪醇乙氧基化物的反应产物。优选的是那些平均分子量为100~1,000g/mol,特别优选150~450g/mol的反应产物。
作为M-OH和M′-OH也可使用氧化烯烃与氨、伯或仲胺、硫化氢、硫醇、磷的含氧酸和C2-C6二羧酸的反应产物。环氧乙烷与含氮化合物的适当的反应产物是三乙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、正丁基二乙醇胺、正十二烷基二乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、正丁基甲基乙醇胺、二正丁基乙醇胺、正十二烷基甲基乙醇胺、四羟乙基乙二胺或五羟乙基二亚乙基三胺。
优选的氧化烯烃是环氧乙烷,1,2-环氧丙烷,1,2-环氧丁烷,1,2-环氧乙基苯,(2,3-环氧丙基)苯,2,3-环氧-1-丙醇和3,4-环氧-1-丁烯。
适当的溶剂是方法步骤a)中所提到的溶剂,并且还有所使用的醇M-OH,M′-OH和氧化烯烃。这对于获得较高的空-时产率是有利的。
优选地,反应在所使用的醇M-OH,M′-OH和氧化烯烃和/或溶剂的自身的蒸汽压下进行。
优选地,反应在所使用的醇M-OH,M′-OH和氧化烯烃的0.01~100巴的分压下,特别优选在0.1~10巴的醇的分压是下进行。
优选地,反应在-20~340℃的温度下进行,特别优选在20~180℃的温度下。
优选地,反应在1~100巴的总压力下进行。
优选地,反应以10,000∶1~0.001∶1的醇或氧化烯烃组分与次膦酸源(I)或烷基亚膦酸(II)或混合取代的二烷基次膦酸(III)的摩尔比,特别优选以1,000∶1~0.01∶1的比例进行。
优选地,反应以1∶10,000~1∶0的次膦酸源(I)或烷基亚膦酸(II)或混合取代的二烷基次膦酸(III)与溶剂的摩尔比,特别优选以1∶50~1∶1的次膦酸-溶剂摩尔比进行。
优选的催化剂B,如在方法步骤b)中使用的那些,是过氧化化合物,如过氧单硫酸,单过硫酸钾(过氧单硫酸钾),CaroatTM,OxoneTM,过二硫酸,过硫酸钾(过二硫酸钾),过硫酸钠(过二硫酸钠),过硫酸铵(过二硫酸铵)。
此外,优选的催化剂B是在溶剂体系中能够形成过氧化物的化合物,如过氧化钠,过氧化钠二过氧水合物,水合过氧化钠二过氧水合物,二水合过氧化钠,八水合过氧化钠,过氧化锂,三水合过氧化锂一过氧水合物,过氧化钙,过氧化锶,过氧化钡,过氧化镁,过氧化锌,超氧化钾,过氧化钾二过氧水合物,四水合过硼酸钠,三水合过硼酸钠,一水合过硼酸钠,无水过硼酸钠,过硼酸钾过氧水合物,过硼酸镁,过硼酸钙,过硼酸钡,过硼酸锶,过硼酸钾,过氧单磷酸,过氧焦磷酸,过氧焦磷酸钾,过氧焦磷酸铵,过氧焦磷酸钾铵(复盐),碳酸钠过氧水合物,脲过氧水合物,草酸铵过氧化物,过氧化钡过氧水合物,氢化钙过氧化物,过氧化钙过氧水合物,三磷酸铵二过氧磷酸盐水合物,氟化钾过氧水合物,氟化钾三过氧水合物,氟化钾二过氧水合物,焦磷酸钠二过氧水合物,八水合焦磷酸钠二过氧水合物,醋酸钾过氧水合物,磷酸钠过氧水合物,硅酸钠过氧水合物。
优选的催化剂B也可以是过氧化氢,过甲酸,过乙酸,过氧化苯甲酰,二叔丁基过氧化物,二枯基过氧化物,过氧化-2,4-二氯苯甲酰,过氧化癸酰,月桂基过氧化物,氢过氧化异丙苯,氢过氧化蒎烯,氢过氧化对孟烯,叔丁基氢过氧化物,乙酰丙酮过氧化物,甲基乙基酮过氧化物,琥珀酸过氧化物,二(十六烷基)过氧化碳酸酯,过氧乙酸叔丁酯,过氧马来酸叔丁酯,过氧苯甲酸叔丁酯,乙酰环己烷磺酰过氧化物。
优选的催化剂B是水溶性偶氮化合物。特别优选的是偶氮引发剂,如522,2′-偶氮双(2,4-二甲基戊腈),64(偶氮二异丁腈,AIBN),672,2′-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈),881,1′-偶氮双(环己烷-1-腈),68Dupont-Biesteritz公司,V-702,2′-偶氮双(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈),V-652,2′-偶氮双(2,4-二甲基戊腈),V-601二甲基2,2′-偶氮双(2-甲基丙酸酯),V-592,2′-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈),V-401,1′-偶氮双(环己烷-1-腈),VF-0962,2′-偶氮双[N-(2-丙烯基)-2-甲基丙酰胺],V-301-[(氰基-1-甲基乙基)偶氮]甲酰胺,VAm-1102,2′-偶氮双(N-丁基-2-甲基丙酰胺),VAm-1112,2′-偶氮双(N-环己基-2-甲基丙酰胺),VA-046B 2,2′-偶氮双[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷二磺酸盐二水合物,VA-0572,2′-偶氮双[N-(2-羧乙基)-2-甲基丙酰胺]四水合物,VA-0612,2′-偶氮双[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷],VA-0802,2′-偶氮双{2-甲基-N-[1,1-双(羟甲基)-2-羟乙基]丙酰胺,VA-0852,2′-偶氮双{2-甲基-N-[2-(1-羟基丁基)]丙酰胺},VA-0862,2′-偶氮双[2-甲基-N-(2-羟乙基)丙酰胺],来自Wako Chemicals。
适当还有偶氮引发剂,如2-叔丁基偶氮-2-氰基丙烷,二甲基偶氮-二异丁酸酯,偶氮二异丁腈,2-叔丁基偶氮-1-氰基环己烷,1-叔戊基偶氮-1-氰基环己烷。还优选的是烷基过缩酮,如2,2-双(叔丁基过氧)丁烷,乙基-3,3-双(叔丁基过氧)丁酸酯,1,1-二(叔丁基过氧)环己烷。
优选的烯烃是方法步骤a)中所提到的烯烃。
优选地,催化剂B以0.05~5摩尔%的量使用,基于各自的烯烃(IV)计。
优选地,催化剂B以0.001~10摩尔%的量使用,基于含磷化合物计。
优选地,催化剂B在反应过程中连续计量添加。
优选地,催化剂B在反应过程中以在烯烃(IV)中的溶液的形式连续计量添加。
优选地,催化剂B在反应过程中以在所使用的溶剂中的溶液的形式连续计量添加。
适当的溶剂是上文在方法步骤a)中所用的溶剂。
优选地,烷基亚膦酸(II)与烯烃(IV)的反应在0~250℃的温度下,特别优选在20~200℃温度下,尤其是在温度50~150℃下进行。
优选地,与烯烃(IV)反应时气氛的50~99.9重量%由溶剂成分和烯烃(IV)组成,优选70~95%。
优选地,反应在添加烯烃(IV)期间在1~20巴的压力下进行。
在所述方法的另一实施方式中,对方法步骤a)和/或b)之后得到的混合产物进行后处理。
在所述方法的另一实施方式中,对方法步骤a)之后得到的混合产物进行后处理,并且之后使在方法步骤b)之后得到的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸和/或其酯和碱金属盐在方法步骤c)中进行反应。
混合取代的二烷基次膦酸或其盐(III)可以如下转化成其它金属盐。
优选地,方法步骤c)所使用的金属化合物是金属Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na、K的化合物,特别优选Mg、Ca、Al、Ti、Zn、Sn、Ce、Fe。
适用于方法步骤c)的溶剂是上文在方法步骤a)中所用的溶剂。
优选地,方法步骤c)的反应在含水介质中进行。
优选地,在方法步骤c)中,使方法步骤b)之后得到的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、其酯和/或碱金属盐(III)与Mg、Ca、Al、Zn、Ti、Sn、Zr、Ce或Fe的金属化合物反应,生成这些金属的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸盐(III)。
在此,反应以如下混合取代的二烷基次膦酸/酯/盐(III)与金属的摩尔比进行:8∶1~1∶3(对于四价金属或者具有稳定的四价氧化态的金属),6∶1~1∶3(对于三价金属或者具有稳定的三价氧化态的金属),4∶1~1∶4(对于二价金属或者具有稳定的二价氧化态的金属),以及3∶1~1∶6(对于一价金属或者具有稳定的一价氧化态的金属)。
优选地,将方法步骤b)中得到的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸酯/盐(III)转化为相应的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸,并且在方法步骤c)中使其与Mg、Ca、Al、Zn、Ti、Sn、Zr、Ce或Fe的金属化合物反应,生成这些金属的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸盐(III)。
优选地,将方法步骤b)中得到的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸/酯(III)转化为二烷基次膦酸-碱金属盐,并且在方法步骤c)中使其与Mg、Ca、Al、Zn、Ti、Sn、Zr、Ce或Fe的金属化合物反应,生成这些金属的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸盐(III)。
优选地,用于方法步骤c)的Mg、Ca、Al、Zn、Ti、Sn、Zr、Ce或Fe的金属化合物是金属,金属氧化物,-氢氧化物,-羟基氧化物,-硼酸盐,-碳酸盐,-碱式碳酸盐,-水合碱式碳酸盐,-混合碱式碳酸盐,-混合水合碱式碳酸盐,-磷酸盐,-硫酸盐,-水合硫酸盐,-水合碱式硫酸盐,-混合水合碱式硫酸盐,-氧代硫酸盐,-乙酸盐,-硝酸盐,-氟化物,-水合氟化物,-氯化物,-水合氯化物,-氯氧化物,-溴化物,-碘化物,-水合碘化物,-羧酸衍生物和/或金属烷氧基化物。
优选地,金属化合物是氯化铝、氢氧化铝、硝酸铝、硫酸铝、硫酸氧钛、硝酸锌、氧化锌、氢氧化锌和/或硫酸锌。
适当的还有金属铝,氟化铝,羟基氯化铝,溴化铝,碘化铝,硫化铝,硒化铝;磷化铝,次磷酸铝,锑化铝,氮化铝;碳化铝,六氟硅酸铝;氢化铝,氢化钙铝,硼氢化铝;氯酸铝;硫酸铝钠,硫酸铝钾,硫酸铝铵,硝酸铝,偏磷酸铝,磷酸铝,硅酸铝,硅酸镁铝,碳酸铝,铝水滑石,碳酸钠铝,硼酸铝;硫氰酸铝;氧化铝,羟基氧化铝,它们相应的水合物和/或多铝羟基化合物,它们优选具有9~40重量%的铝含量。
适当的还有单-、二-、寡-、多羧酸的铝盐,例如二乙酸铝、乙酰酒石酸铝,甲酸铝,乳酸铝,草酸铝,酒石酸铝,油酸铝,棕榈酸铝,硬脂酸铝,三氟甲烷磺酸铝,苯甲酸铝,水杨酸铝,8-羟基喹啉铝。
同样地,适当的是元素、金属锌及锌盐,例如卤化锌(氟化锌、氯化锌、溴化锌、碘化锌)。
适当的还有硼酸锌,碳酸锌,碱式碳酸锌,硅酸锌,六氟硅酸锌,锡酸锌,碱式锡酸锌,碱式碳酸锌镁铝;硝酸锌,亚硝酸锌,磷酸锌,焦磷酸锌;硫酸锌,磷化锌,硒化锌,碲化锌和第七主族含氧酸的锌盐(次卤酸盐,亚卤酸盐,卤酸盐,例如碘酸锌,高卤酸盐,例如高氯酸锌);拟卤化物的锌盐(硫氰酸锌,氰酸锌,氰化锌);氧化锌,过氧化锌,氢氧化锌或混合羟基氧化锌。
优选的是过渡金属含氧酸的锌盐(例如羟基铬酸(VI)锌,亚铬酸锌,钼酸锌,高锰酸锌,钼酸锌)。
适当的还有单-、二-、寡-、多羧酸的锌盐,例如甲酸锌,乙酸锌,三氟乙酸锌,丙酸锌,丁酸锌,戊酸锌,己酸锌,油酸锌,硬脂酸锌,草酸锌,酒石酸锌,柠檬酸锌,苯甲酸锌,水杨酸锌,乳酸锌,丙烯酸锌,马来酸锌,琥珀酸锌,氨基酸(甘氨酸)的盐,酸性羟基官能的盐(苯酚锌等),对苯酚磺酸锌,乙酰丙酮锌,锡酸锌,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,三氟甲烷磺酸锌。
在钛化合物方面,金属钛,同样还有如钛(III)和/或钛(IV)的氯化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、溴化物、氟化物、氯氧化物、氧代硫酸盐、氧化物、正丙氧基化物、正丁氧基化物,异丙氧基化物,乙氧基化物,2-乙基己氧基化物是适合的。
适当的还有金属锡及锡盐(锡(II)和/或锡(IV)氯化物);氧化锡和烷氧基化锡例如叔丁基氧化锡(IV)。
适当的还有氟化铈(III),氯化铈(III),硝酸铈(III)。
在锆化合物方面优选的是金属锆以及锆盐,如氯化锆、硫酸锆、乙酸氧锆、氯化氧锆。此外,优选的是氧化锆及叔丁基氧化锆(IV)。
优选地,方法步骤c)中的反应在0.1~70重量%,优选5~40重量%的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸盐固体含量下进行。
优选地,方法步骤c)中的反应在20~250℃的温度下,优选在80~120℃的温度下进行。
优选地,方法步骤c)中的反应在0.01至1,000巴之间,优选0.1~100巴的压力下进行。
优选地,方法步骤c)中的反应在1×10-7~1,000小时的反应时间期间内进行。
优选地,对在方法步骤c)之后通过过滤和/或离心从反应混合物中分离出的、混合取代的二烷基次膦酸盐(III)进行干燥。
优选地,使方法步骤b)之后得到的产物混合物不经进一步纯化与金属化合物反应。
优选的溶剂是方法步骤a)中所提到的溶剂。
优选地,方法步骤b)和/或c)中的反应在由步骤a)产生的溶剂体系中进行。
优选地,方法步骤c)中的反应在改变的溶剂体系中进行。为此添加酸性成分、增溶剂、发泡抑制剂等。
在所述方法的另一实施方式中,对在方法步骤a),b)和/或c)之后得到的产物混合物进行后处理。
在所述方法的另一实施方式中,对在方法步骤b)之后得到的产物混合物进行后处理,之后使在方法步骤b)之后得到的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸和/或其盐或酯(III)在方法步骤c)中与金属化合物反应。
优选地,以如下方式对在方法步骤b)之后的产物混合进行后处理:通过去除溶剂体系分离混合取代的二烷基次膦酸和/或其盐或酯(III),例如通过蒸发。
优选地,金属Mg、Ca、Al、Zn、Ti、Sn、Zr、Ce或Fe的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸盐(III)选择性地具有0.01~10重量%,优选0.1~1重量%的残余水分,0.1~2,000μm,优选10~500μm的平均粒度,80~800g/L,优选200~700g/L的堆密度,0.5~10,优选1~5的Pfrengle流动性。
特别优选成型体、膜、丝和纤维含有5~30重量%的如权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸/酯/盐,5~80重量%的聚合物或它们的混合物,5~40重量%的添加剂和5~40重量%的填料,其中,各组分之和为100%。
优选地,所述添加剂是抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、发泡剂、其它阻燃剂、热稳定剂、抗冲压改性剂、加工助剂、润滑剂、光稳定剂、抗滴落剂、相容剂、补强剂、填料、晶核形成剂、成核剂、为激光标记的添加剂、水解稳定剂、扩链剂、颜料、增塑剂和/或塑化剂。
优选的是阻燃剂,其包含0.1~90重量%的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐(III)以及0.1~50重量%的其它添加剂,特别优选二醇。
优选的添加剂还有三水合铝,氧化锑,溴代芳香烃或溴代脂环烃,酚,醚,氯化石蜡,六氯环戊二烯加合物,红磷,三聚氰胺衍生物,三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐,多聚磷酸铵和氢氧化镁;以及其它阻燃剂,特别是二烷基次膦酸的盐。
本发明特别涉及根据本发明的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐(III)作为阻燃剂的用途,或者作为用于制备热塑性聚合物(如聚酯、聚苯乙烯或聚酰胺)和热固性聚合物(如不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯或丙烯酸酯)的阻燃剂的中间体。
适当的聚酯衍生自二羧酸及其酯和二醇和/或衍生自羟基羧酸或其相应的内酯。优选使用对苯二甲酸和乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇和1,3-丁二醇。
适当的聚酯尤其是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(2500,2002,Celanese公司;BASF公司),聚-1,4-二羟甲基环己烷-对苯二甲酸,聚羟基苯甲酸酯,及嵌段聚醚酯,其衍生自具有羟基端基的聚醚;此外还有用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
具有持久阻燃性的合成线性聚酯由二羧酸成分、根据本发明的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸和酯的二醇成分构成或者由作为含磷链节的根据本发明的方法制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸和酯构成。含磷链节占聚酯中二羧酸成分的2~20重量%。优选聚酯中最终磷含量总计0.1~5重量%,特别优选0.5~3重量%。
下述步骤可以采用根据本发明制备的化合物或者在添加根据本发明制备的化合物的情况下来实施。
优选地,为了从游离二羧酸和二醇出发制备模塑材料,首先直接进行酯化,然后进行缩聚。
优选地,从二羧酸酯,特别是二甲酯出发,首先进行酯交换,然后在对此常规的催化剂的使用下进行缩聚。
优选地,在聚酯制备时除了常用的催化剂外,还可以加入常规的添加剂(交联剂、消光剂和稳定剂、成核剂、染料和填料等)。
优选地,在聚酯制备时,酯化和/或酯交换反应在温度100~300℃下,特别优选在150~250℃下发生。
优选地,在聚酯制备时,缩聚反应在0.1~1.5毫巴的压力下和150~450℃,特别优选200~300℃的温度下发生。
根据本发明制备的阻燃性聚酯模塑材料优选用于聚酯成型体中。
优选的聚酯成型体是丝、纤维、薄膜和成型体,其作为二羧酸成分主要包含对苯二甲酸,作为二醇成分主要包含乙二醇。
优选地,在由阻燃性聚酯制备的丝和聚酯纤维中最终的含磷量为0.1~18重量%,优选0.5~15重量%,在薄膜的情况下是0.2~15重量%,优选0.9~12重量%。
适当的聚苯乙烯类是聚苯乙烯、聚(对甲基苯乙烯)和/或聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
优选地,适当的聚苯乙烯类是苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯与二烯或丙烯酸衍生物的共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酸烷基酯和-甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯-马来酸酐、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丙烯酸甲酯;由苯乙烯共聚物和另一种聚合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯烃聚合物或乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃三元共聚物组成的高冲击韧性的混合物;以及苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯或苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯。
优选地,适当的聚苯乙烯类还有苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如苯乙烯接枝到聚丁二烯上,苯乙烯接枝到聚丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上,苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)接枝到聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝到聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和马来酸酐接枝到聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺接枝到聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和马来酰亚胺接枝到聚丁二烯上,苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯接枝到聚丁二烯上,苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝到乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物上,苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝到聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯上,苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝到丙烯酸酯-丁二烯共聚物上,以及它们的混合物,例如作为所谓的ABS-、MBS-、ASA-或AES-聚合物已知的那些。
优选地,所述聚合物为聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,其衍生自二胺与二羧酸和/或衍生自氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺,如聚酰胺2.12,聚酰胺4,聚酰胺4.6,聚酰胺6,聚酰胺6.6,聚酰胺6.9,聚酰胺6.10,聚酰胺6.12,聚酰胺6.66,聚酰胺7.7,聚酰胺8.8,聚酰胺9.9,聚酰胺10.9,聚酰胺10.10,聚酰胺11,聚酰胺12,等等。这些聚酰胺例如以商品名DuPont公司,BASF公司,K122,DSM公司,7301,DuPont公司,B29,Bayer公司和Ems Chemie公司为人所知。
适当的还有从间二甲苯,二胺和己二酸出发制备的芳香聚酰胺;从六亚甲基二胺和间和/或对苯二甲酸和任选地作为改性剂的弹性体制备的聚酰胺,例如聚-2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基-对苯二甲酰胺或聚-间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺,上文提到的聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学键合或接枝的弹性体,或者与聚醚,例如与聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚四亚甲基二醇的嵌段共聚物。此外还有以EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;以及在处理过程中缩合的聚酰胺(“RIM聚酰胺体系”)。
根据权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸/酯/盐,优选以模塑材料的形式使用,其用于进一步生产聚合物成型体。
特别优选地,所述阻燃性成型体含有5~30重量%的如权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸盐或二烷基次膦酸酯,5~80重量%的聚合物或它们的混合物,5~40重量%的添加剂和5~40重量%的填料,其中,各组分之和为100%。
本发明还涉及阻燃剂,其含有如权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸盐或二烷基次膦酸酯。
此外,本发明涉及聚合物模塑材料及聚合物成型体、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维,其含有根据本发明制备的金属Mg、Ca、Al、Zn、Ti、Sn、Zr、Ce或Fe的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸盐(III)。
本发明通过以下实施例得到阐释。
阻燃聚合物模塑材料与阻燃聚合物成型体的制备、加工和测试。
将阻燃成分与聚合物颗粒及任意添加剂混合,并在双螺杆挤出机(型号Leistritz30/34)上在230~260℃(PBT-GV)或260~280℃(PA66-GV)的温度下加入。将均质化的聚合物条排出,水浴冷却并随后进行造粒。
充分干燥后,将模塑材料在注塑机(型号Aarburg Allrounder)上在240~270℃(PBT-GV)或260~290℃(PA66-GV)熔融温度下加工成测试样品。将该测试样品根据UL94-测试法(UnderwriterLaboratories)针对阻燃性进行测试并分级。
对由每一种混合物构成的测试样品测定消防等级UL94(Underwriter Laboratories),在厚度1.5mm的测试样品上。
根据UL94得到以下消防等级:
V-0:续燃时间不超过10秒,10次点燃的总续燃时间不多于50秒,没有燃烧滴落,试样没有完全燃尽,点燃结束后大于30秒无试样残炽;
V-1:点燃结束后续燃时间不超过30秒,10次点燃的总续燃时间不超过250秒,点燃结束后大于60秒无试样残炽,其余标准同V-0的情况;
V-2:通过燃烧滴落引燃棉絮,其余标准同V-1的情况;
不可分级的(nkl):不满足消防等级V-2。
此外,对一些所研究的试样测量LOI值。LOI值(极限氧指数)依照ISO4589确定。依照ISO4589,LOI对应于在氧气和氮气的混合物中刚好仍能维持塑料燃烧的最低氧浓度的体积百分数。LOI值越高,所测试的材料的越难燃。
所使用的化学品与缩写
实施例1
在室温下,在配有搅拌器和强效冷凝器的三颈瓶中预置188g水,在搅拌下通氮气进行排气。然后在氮气下加入0.2mg硫酸钯(II)和2.3mg三(3-磺酸苯基)膦三钠盐并搅拌,随后加入在66g水中的66g次膦酸。将反应溶液转移到2升Büchi反应器中,在搅拌下与加压下通入乙烯,将反应混合物加热至80℃。吸收28g乙烯后冷却,将反应混合物在旋转蒸发仪上脱除溶剂。将剩余物用100g VE-水掺混,于室温下搅拌,然后过滤,滤液用甲苯萃取,之后在旋转蒸发仪上脱除溶剂,收集生成的乙基亚膦酸。产量92g(理论的98%)。
实施例2
与实施例1类似,使99g次膦酸,63g丙烯,6.9mg三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯和9.5mg 4,5-双(二苯基膦)-9,9-二甲基呫吨,在400g四氢呋喃中反应。得到157g丙基亚膦酸(理论的97%)。
实施例3
与实施例1类似,使99g次膦酸,84g丁烯,8.7mg二(二亚苄基丙酮)钯和9.1mg 1,1′-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁,在400g丁醇中反应。得到173g丁基亚膦酸(理论的96%)。
实施例4
与实施例1类似,使99g次膦酸,156g苯乙烯,8.7mg二(二亚苄基丙酮)钯和5.7mg 4,6-双(二苯基膦)-吩噁嗪,在400g乙腈中反应。得到240g 2-苯乙基亚膦酸(理论的94%)。
实施例5
与实施例1类似,使99g次膦酸,84g异丁烯,8.7mg二(二亚苄基丙酮)钯和9.5mg 4,5-双(二苯基膦)-9,9-二甲基呫吨,在400g丁醇中反应。得到151g异丁基亚膦酸(理论的84%)。
实施例6
同实施例1,使99g次膦酸,396g丁醇,63g丙烯,6.9mg三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯和9.5mg 4,5-双(二苯基膦)-9,9-二甲基呫吨反应,然后为了纯化输送经过采用THP II装料的柱,之后再一次加入正丁醇。在80~110℃的反应温度下,将生成的水通过共沸蒸馏去除。产物(乙基亚膦酸丁酯)通过减压蒸馏进行纯化。产量:171g(理论的76%)。
实施例7
同实施例1,使198g次膦酸,198g水,84g乙烯,6.1mg硫酸钯(II)和25.8mg 9,9-二甲基-4,5-双(二苯基膦)-2,7-呫吨磺酸二钠盐反应,然后为了纯化,输送经过采用THP II装料的柱,之后加入正丁醇。在80~110℃的反应温度下,将生成的水通过共沸蒸馏去除。产物(乙基亚膦酸丁酯)通过减压蒸馏纯化。产量:333g(理论的74%)。
实施例8
在配有气体导管、温度计、强力搅拌器和带有气体燃烧的回流冷凝管的500mL五颈瓶中预置94g(1mol)乙基亚膦酸。于室温下通入环氧乙烷。在冷却下以调节出70℃的反应温度,然后在80℃下再继续反应1小时。环氧乙烷吸收量为65.7g。产物的酸值小于1mg KOH/g。得到131g(理论的95%)乙基亚膦酸-2-羟基乙酯。
实施例9
282g(3mol)乙基亚膦酸溶于430g水中,移入2升Büchi反应器中,在搅拌与加压下通入丙烯(总吸收量126g),将反应混合物加热至100℃。于3小时内滴入250g 5%的过二硫酸钠溶液。将剩余丙烯放空。在真空中将水蒸馏掉。将剩余物纳入四氢呋喃并进行萃取。将不溶性盐过滤除去。在真空中分离出滤液的溶剂。得到355g(理论的87%)无色油状乙基丙基次膦酸。
实施例10
同实施例9,使324g(3mol)丙基亚膦酸(制备同实施例2)和84g(3mol)乙烯在400g冰醋酸中反应。于3小时内,约100℃下,滴入328g 5%的AIBN的冰醋酸溶液。得到384g(理论的94%)乙基丙基次膦酸。
实施例11
同实施例9,使324g(3mol)异丁基亚膦酸丁酯(制备同实施例6)和84g(3mol)乙烯在400g甲苯中反应。于3小时内,约100℃下,滴入260g 10%的WakoV65的甲苯溶液。得到568g(理论的92%)乙基异丁基次膦酸丁酯。
实施例12
同实施例9,使510g(3mol)2-苯乙基亚膦酸(制备同实施例4)和84g(3mol)乙烯在400g冰醋酸中反应。于3小时内,约100℃下,滴入328g 5%的AIBN的冰醋酸溶液。得到384g(理论的96%)乙基-2-苯乙基次膦酸。
实施例13
同实施例9,使360g(3mol)丁基亚膦酸(制备同实施例3)和168g(3mol)异丁烯在400g冰醋酸中反应。于3小时内,约100℃下,滴入328g 5%浓度AIBN的冰醋酸溶液。得到384g丁基异丁基次膦酸(理论的96%)。
实施例14
同实施例9,使492g(3mol)丙基亚膦酸丁酯(制备同实施例6)和168g(3mol)丁烯在400g甲苯中反应。于3小时内,约100℃下,滴入260g 10%的WakoV65的甲苯溶液。得到587g(理论的89%)丙基丁基次膦酸丁酯。
实施例15
将204g(1.5mol)乙基丙基次膦酸(制备同实施例10)在85℃下溶于400mL甲苯,并用409g(6.6mol)乙二醇掺混,在带有分水器的蒸馏装置中,在约100℃下进行酯化4小时。酯化完成之后,真空分离出甲苯和过量的乙二醇。得到267g(理论的99%)无色油状乙基丙基次膦酸-2-羟基乙酯液体。
实施例16
向220g(1mol)丙基丁基次膦酸丁酯(制备同实施例14)中加入155g(2.5mol)乙二醇和0.4g氧钛草酸钾,在200℃下搅拌2小时。通过缓慢抽真空蒸馏出易挥发成分。得到204g(理论的98%)丙基丁基次膦酸丁酯-2-羟基乙酯。
实施例17
在配有气体导管、温度计、强力搅拌器和带有气体燃烧的回流冷凝管的500mL五颈瓶中预置198g(1mol)乙基-2-苯乙基次膦酸(制备同实施例12)。在室温下通入环氧乙烷。在冷却下调节出70℃的反应温度,然后在80℃下再继续反应1小时。环氧乙烷吸收量为64.8g。产物的酸值小于1mg KOH/g。得到230g(理论的95%)无色澄清液体状乙基-2-苯乙基次膦酸-2-羟基乙酯。
实施例18
在配有温度计、回流冷凝管、强力搅拌器和滴液漏斗的1L五口瓶中预置440g(2mol)丙基丁基次膦酸丁酯(根据实施例14制备)。160℃下反应4小时,计量加入500mL水,并蒸出丁醇-水混合物。固体剩余物从丙酮中重结晶。得到312g(理论的95%)无色油状丙基丁基次膦酸。
实施例19
将408g(3mol)乙基丙基次膦酸(制备同实施例10)溶于860g水,并预置于配有温度计、回流冷凝管、强力搅拌器和滴液漏斗的5L五颈瓶中,用约240g(3mol)50%的氢氧化钠溶液进行中和。85℃下加入1291g 46%的Al2(SO4)3·14H2O水溶液。之后将所得固体过滤掉,用热水洗涤,在130℃真空干燥。产量:405g(理论的95%)无色盐形式的乙基丙基次膦酸铝(III)。
实施例20
将150g(1mol)乙基异丁基次膦酸(制备类似实施例18)和85g四丁酸钛在500mL甲苯中回流加热40小时。在该过程中生成的丁醇不时地随甲苯馏分蒸出。随后将形成的溶液脱除溶剂。得到159g(理论的98%)乙基异丁基次膦酸钛盐。
实施例21
将594g(3mol)乙基-2-苯乙基次膦酸(制备同实施例12)溶于860g水中,预置于配有温度计、回流冷凝管、强力搅拌器和滴液漏斗的5L五颈瓶中,用约240g(3mol)50%的氢氧化钠溶液进行中和。85℃下加入863g 50%的ZnSO4·7H2O水溶液的混合物。随后将所得固体过滤出,用热水洗涤,在130℃真空干燥。产量:593g(理论的86%)无色盐形式的乙基-2-苯乙基次膦酸锌。
实施例22
将50重量%聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯,20重量%乙基丙基次膦酸铝(III)盐(制备同实施例19)和30重量%玻璃纤维的混合物,在双螺杆挤出机(型号Leistritz LSM 30/34)上于230~260℃的温度下复合成聚合物模塑材料。排出均质化的聚合物条,水浴冷却并随后进行造粒。干燥之后,将该模塑材料在注塑机(型号Aarburg Allrounder)上于240~270℃加工成聚合物成型体,并确定UL-94等级为V-0。
实施例23
将50重量%聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯,20重量%乙基-2-苯乙基次膦酸锌盐(制备同实施例21)和30重量%玻璃纤维的混合物,在双螺杆挤出机(型号Leistritz LSM 30/34)上于温度230~260℃下复合成聚合物模塑材料。排出均质化的聚合物条,水浴冷却并随后进行造粒。干燥之后,将该模塑材料在注塑机(型号Aarburg Allrounder)上于240~270℃加工成聚合物成型体,并确定UL-94等级为V-1。
实施例24
将53重量%聚酰胺6.6,30重量%玻璃纤维,17重量%乙基异丁基次膦酸钛盐(制备同实施例20)的混合物,在双螺杆挤出机(型号Leistritz LSM 30/34)上复合成聚合物模塑材料。将均质化的聚合物条排出,水浴冷却并随后进行造粒。干燥之后,将该模塑材料在注塑机(型号Aarburg Allrounder)上于260~290℃加工成聚合物成型体,并得出UL-94等级为V-1。
Claims (14)
1.制备混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐的方法,其特征在于,
a)使次膦酸源(I)
与烯烃(IV)
在催化剂A存在下反应生成烷基亚膦酸、其盐或酯(II),
b)如此生成的烷基亚膦酸、其盐或酯(II)与上述的烯烃(IV)在催化剂B存在下反应生成混合取代的二烷基次膦酸衍生物(III),
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R11、R12、R13、R14相同或不同,并且彼此独立地为H、C1-C18烷基、C6-C18芳基、C6-C18芳烷基、C6-C18烷基芳基、CN、CHO、OC(O)CH2CN、CH(OH)C2H5、CH2CH(OH)CH3、9-蒽、2-吡咯烷酮、(CH2)mOH、(CH2)mNH2、(CH2)mNCS、(CH2)mNC(S)NH2、(CH2)mSH、(CH2)mS-2-噻唑啉、(CH2)mSiMe3、C(O)R5、(CH2)mC(O)R5、CH=CH-R5、CH=CH-C(O)R5,其中R5为C1-C8烷基或C6-C18芳基,m表示0~10的整数,以及X为H、C1-C18烷基、C6-C18芳基、C6-C18芳烷基、C6-C18烷基芳基、(CH2)kOH、CH2-CHOH-CH2OH、(CH2)kO(CH2)kH、(CH2)k-CH(OH)-(CH2)kH、(CH2-CH2O)kH、(CH2-C[CH3]HO)kH、(CH2-C[CH3]HO)k(CH2-CH2O)kH、(CH2-CH2O)k(CH2-C[CH3]HO)H、(CH2-CH2O)k-烷基、(CH2-C[CH3]HO)k-烷基、(CH2-C[CH3]HO)k(CH2-CH2O)k-烷基、(CH2-CH2O)k(CH2-C[CH3]HO)O-烷基、(CH2)k-CH=CH(CH2)kH、(CH2)kNH2、(CH2)kN[(CH2)kH]2,其中k是0~10的整数,和/或X为Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Cu、Ni、Li、Na、K、H和/或质子化的氮碱,以及催化剂A是过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物和/或催化剂体系,其由过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物和至少一种配体构成,且催化剂B是形成过氧化物的化合物和/或过氧化化合物和/或偶氮化合物。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,使在步骤b)之后得到的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、其盐或酯(III)随后在步骤c)中与Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na、K的金属化合物和/或质子化的氮碱反应生成这些金属和/或含氮化合物相应的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸盐(III)。
3.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,使在步骤a)之后得到的烷基亚膦酸、其盐或酯(II)和/或在步骤b)之后得到的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、其盐或酯(III)和/或分别由此产生的反应溶液,与氧化烯烃或醇M-OH和/或M′-OH发生酯化,并且使分别生成的烷基亚膦酸酯(II)和/或混合取代的二烷基次膦酸酯(III)经历进一步的反应步骤b)或c)。
4.权利要求1至3中一项或多项所述的方法,其特征在于,基团C6-C18芳基,C6-C18芳烷基和C6-C18烷基芳基被SO3X2、-C(O)CH3、OH、CH2OH、CH3SO3X2、PO3X2、NH2、NO2、OCH3、SH和/或OC(O)CH3取代。
5.权利要求1至4中一项或多项所述的方法,其特征在于,R1、R2、R3、R4、R11、R12、R13、R14相同或不同,并且彼此独立地为H、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基和/或苯基。
6.权利要求1至5中一项或多项所述的方法,其特征在于,X为H、Ca、Mg、Al、Zn、Ti、Mg、Ce、Fe、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、苯基、乙二醇、丙基乙二醇、丁基乙二醇、戊基乙二醇、己基乙二醇、烯丙基和/或甘油。
7.权利要求1至6中一项或多项所述的方法,其特征在于,过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物是源自第七和第八副族的那些。
8.权利要求1至7中一项或多项所述的方法,其特征在于,过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物是铑、镍、钯、铂和/或钌。
9.权利要求1至8中一项或多项所述的方法,其特征在于,催化剂B是过氧化氢、过氧化钠、过氧化锂、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵、过二硫酸钠、过氧硼酸钾、过乙酸、过氧化苯甲酰、二叔丁基过氧化物和/或过二硫酸和/或是偶氮二异丁腈、2,2′-偶氮双(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐和/或2,2′-偶氮双(N,N′-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐。
10.权利要求1至9中一项或多项所述的方法,其特征在于,通式M-OH的醇是直链或支链的、饱和以及不饱和的、具有C1-C18碳链长度的一元有机醇,通式M′-OH的醇是直链或支链的、饱和以及不饱和的、具有C1-C18碳链长度的多元有机醇。
11.权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐作为用于进一步合成的中间体,作为粘结剂,作为在环氧树脂、聚氨酯和不饱和聚酯树脂的固化中的交联剂或促进剂,作为聚合物稳定剂,作为植物保护剂,作为用于人和动物的治疗剂或治疗剂中的添加剂,作为螯合剂,作为矿物油添加剂,作为抗蚀剂,在洗涤剂和清洁剂应用中以及在电子应用中的用途。
12.权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、盐和酯作为阻燃剂,特别是透明漆和发泡型防火涂料的阻燃剂,用于木材和其它含纤维素产品的阻燃剂,作为聚合物的反应性和/或非反应性阻燃剂,用于制备阻燃聚合物模塑材料,用于制备阻燃聚合物成型体和/或用于通过浸渍为聚酯和纤维素纯织物和混纺织物进行阻燃性整理的用途。
13.阻燃热塑性或热固性聚合物模塑材料,其含有0.5~45重量%的如权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸盐或二烷基次膦酸酯,0.5~99重量%的热塑性或热固性聚合物或它们的混合物,0~55重量%的添加剂和0~55重量%的填料或增强材料,其中,各组分之和为100重量%。
14.阻燃热塑性或热固性聚合物成型体、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维,其含有0.5~45重量%的如权利要求1至10中一项或多项所制备的混合取代的二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸盐或二烷基次膦酸酯,0.5~99重量%的热塑性或热固性聚合物或它们的混合物,0~55重量%的添加剂和0~55重量%的填料或增强材料,其中,各组分之和为100重量%。
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DE102008063640.1 | 2008-12-18 | ||
DE102008063640A DE102008063640A1 (de) | 2008-12-18 | 2008-12-18 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gemischtsubstituierten Dialkylphosphinsäuren, -estern und -salzen und ihre Verwendung |
PCT/EP2009/007143 WO2010069419A1 (de) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-10-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von gemischtsubstituierten dialkylphosphinsäuren, -estern und -salzen und ihre verwendung |
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EP (1) | EP2379571A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5641656B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102164930A (zh) |
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TWI683851B (zh) * | 2015-01-29 | 2020-02-01 | 日商Adeka股份有限公司 | 阻燃性環氧樹脂組成物、使用阻燃性環氧樹脂組成物的預浸體、積層板、以及環氧樹脂積層板的製造方法 |
CN107343380B (zh) * | 2015-01-29 | 2020-02-18 | Adeka株式会社 | 阻燃性环氧树脂组合物、用该组合物形成的半固化片及层压板 |
CN109319079A (zh) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-02-12 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | 螺旋桨轴的保护方法 |
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US20110245386A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
JP5641656B2 (ja) | 2014-12-17 |
JP2012512196A (ja) | 2012-05-31 |
DE102008063640A1 (de) | 2010-06-24 |
WO2010069419A1 (de) | 2010-06-24 |
EP2379571A1 (de) | 2011-10-26 |
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