CN101707868A - 冷冻干燥且充气的乳品或乳替代品组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
冷冻干燥且充气的乳品或乳替代品组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明包括一种含有乳品或乳替代品组分和乳化剂的、冷冻干燥且充气的乳品或乳替代品组合物及其制备方法。
Description
背景技术
充气的乳品组合物、如充气酸奶制品都是本领域公知的。充气能提供所期望的特性如轻的、蓬松的质地。同时本领域也已知由于充气产品在物理和化学上的不稳定性,因而其将来可能不稳定。一种针对于上述充气乳基产品不稳定性的解决方法包括在充气之前向经培养的乳制品中添加水合乳化剂(参见美国专利No.7,005,157,即下文中的“‘157专利”)。具体而言,该‘157专利教导反对在发酵前直接向混合乳中添加成分,因为所述成分可能对工艺参数如发酵时间产生不利影响。该‘157专利教导在发酵后添加一种水合乳化剂以避免不利地延长发酵时间并同时有助于稳定性。在食品业中,冷冻干燥是熟知的方法。在进一步干燥充气产品中,所得到的产品保持感官特性对消费者而言是重要的。运用‘157专利发明中教导的,在冷冻干燥前充气产品的水合作用会对物理稳定性产生不利影响。例如,对当水合充气产品进行冷冻干燥时,可能导致运送和处理产品时脆性增加。
作为进一步的实例,溶解度是冷冻干燥产品中的重要议题。具体地说,经干燥和用空气、氮气或其他气体处理的充气产品在食用时必须仍然是能溶的,其溶解速度传送滋味到消费者的味蕾。此外,产品应当能溶解以降低具有口腔活动技能或消化功能受限或发育不全的消费者受噎塞危害的风险。作为一种已知方法,提高充气量可以提高溶解性。然而,提高充气量具有降低最终产品硬度的负作用。当硬度降低时,产品的物理稳定性可能受损。
因此,需要一种具有改良的物理稳定性和溶解度的、冷冻干燥且充气的产品。
发明概述
本发明包括一种含有乳品或乳替代品组分和乳化剂的、经巴氏杀菌的、冷冻干燥且充气的乳品或乳替代品组合物,及其制备方法。
发明内容
在全文中,范围作为对每个数值的描述的简化形式,每个数值都包括在该范围内。在范围内的任意值可能被选为范围的端点。使用时,措词“至少一种”指所选区域中的任意单独的成员或成员的任意组合。连接词“和”或“或”可被用于成员列表,而措词“至少一种”为控制的术语。例如至少A、B和C中的一种是对单独A、单独B、单独C、A和B、B和C、A和C、或A和B以及C的简化。
“冷冻干燥”是一种通过冷冻物质、然后降低外界压力以允许物质中的冰水直接从固态升华为气态而操作的脱水工艺。
“充气”是引入空气以提高液体中气体浓度的工艺。充气可以通过使气体鼓泡穿过液体,喷射液体进入气体或搅拌液体以促进表面吸收实现。
“可溶性”定义为产品从干到湿状态下硬度的变化。
“硬度”被定义为使物质破裂前的峰值压力。使用由Instron(Canton,MA)制造的配有100N测力传感器的万能材料试验仪模型4465。用来测试的探针是一种压缩铁砧#2830-011。探针速度最初设置为1mm/秒以达到约90%压缩。速度依据期刊文章“Effects of Sample Thickness of Bite Forcefor Raw Carrots and Fish Gels”,J.Texture Studies,36(2005),157-173页。由于各变化因素,针对10-15个复制样品进行重复试验。
本发明包括一种对制备冷冻干燥的充气产品有用的乳品或乳替代品组合物。该组合物的第一种组分包含乳品或乳替代品成分。该乳品或乳替代品成分选自本领域公知的任意乳品或乳替代品。具体而言,该乳品组分选自包括但不限于奶、奶粉、酸奶、脱脂乳和乳蛋白及其混合物。该乳替代品组分选自但不限于大豆蛋白、米蛋白及其混合物。该乳品或乳替代品组分的含量是组合物的50-98%,优选60-90%,最优选70-85%。
本组合物的第二种组分包含乳化剂。然而并不希望受任何理论限制,人们相信乳化剂降低了空气-液体界面的表面张力,因此允许气泡稳定地分散在粘性液体基质内部。该乳化剂优选是乳酸化的单甘油酯和双甘油酯。该乳酸化的单甘油酯和双甘油酯选自包括但不限于单甘油酯和双甘油酯的乳酸酯和柠檬酸酯、蒸馏的单甘油酯及其混合物。然而并不希望受任何理论限制,人们相信,发泡剂中的乳酸成分存在于水相和疏水相界面上的水相中,而发泡的乳品泡沫中的乳酸化单和双甘油酯存在于疏水相中。该乳酸化单甘油酯和双甘油酯的含量为组合物的0.001-1%,优选0.01-0.5%,最优选0.1-0.4%。认为本发明的乳酸化单甘油酯和双甘油酯组分促进了最终充气组合物的稳定性。
接着,将第一组分和第二组分的组合物通过工业上的常用方法进行巴氏杀菌。巴氏杀菌可以在170F-210F之间进行1-10分钟,优选在180F-205F之间。
本发明组合物还可以包含任选的组分如淀粉,包括玉米淀粉、米淀粉(天然的、物理改性或化学改性的)和木薯淀粉,但不限于此;糖/甜味料、稳定剂、风味剂、着色剂、果酱、益生元、益生菌、菜泥、纤维、营养强化剂如DHA、矿物质和维生素,明胶,如猪、鱼和牛。
硬度、溶解度和粘度
优先选择本发明终产品的消费者相信是基于物理性质如硬度、粘度和溶解度。因为每个特性都是重要的,所以希望这三者的适当平衡使本发明的终产品最优化。粘度定义为物质流动阻力的度量。在组合物被充气前,使用具有支架和F-T棒的布氏粘度计测量粘度。人们相信,当粘度有助于保持经充气和沉淀的物质的形状时,硬度有助于物理稳定性。溶解度也是一种硬度衡量方法,是从干到湿状态下产品硬度的变化。充气的增强,有助于溶解性,但硬度可能受到负面影响。本发明的组合物和方法出乎意料地揭示了在粘度、硬度和溶解度之间的最佳平衡,从而提供一种物理上稳定的且消费者可接受的产品。
本发明组合物具有硬度值为0.5-8磅力,峰值负荷优选是1.5-5.5。峰值负荷压力可使用配有一个100N测力传感器和一个#2830-011压缩铁砧的Instron万能材料试验仪来测量。移动以1毫米/秒的速度进行,直到最初的碎片产生。
本发明组合物的溶解度范围是0.1-8峰值负荷,优选0.1-30磅力.本发明组合物的粘度为1,000-150,000cp,这取决于用于测量粘度的粘度计的温度和速度.优选的实施方式中,在布氏粘度计6号锭子以10转/分的速度下,湿组合物的粘度范围为30,000-60,000cp.最优选范围为35,000-50,000cp.在另一个具体实施方式中,本发明的粘度为1,000-700,000cp,这取决于用于测量粘度的粘度计的温度和速度.在可替换实施方案的优选实施方案中,在布氏粘度计6号锭子以5转/分的速度下,湿组合物的粘度范围为100,000-400,000cp.另一个具体实施方式的最优选范围为200,000-350,000cp.值得注意的是,粘度可以根据转速调节,且取决于溶解度和稳定剂.
制备方法
一种制备冷冻干燥且充气的乳品的方法,其包括步骤(a)提供乳品或乳替代品的混合物,(b)添加乳化剂,(c)热处理乳品或乳替代品混合物,(d)将该混合物进行发酵,(e)在该混合物中加入气体;(f)同时给气体且乳品或乳替代品混合物充气以形成充气产品,(f)冷却该产品;(g)对该产品进行冷冻干燥。
酸奶制品:
1.将巴氏杀菌的低脂奶从油罐卡车转移到大的贮存罐。
2.所有干组分(糖、明胶、淀粉、脱脂奶粉、乳化剂及功能性组分如益生元)通过加入到高剪切混合器(如Bredo Liqwifier)中与牛奶混合,以实现均匀的分散和初期的水合。
3.一旦加入所有的干组分,将该混合物在35-38°F下搅拌30分钟。
4.搅拌后,该混合物被转入高温短时巴期德灭菌板式换热器中进行热处理。所用的热处理条件要求在4.5分钟持续时间结束时,全部达到并维持191°F的最低温度。该温度和持续时间可以随过程中的力学而变化,例如有可能在稍高温度下持续7或8分钟。
5.为了配方和充气稠度的最优化,作为一个任选步骤,对该混合物进行均化。一般的均化压力第一阶段为2000-2500psi,第二阶段为200-600psi.
6.在191°F的维持时间后,该混合物被冷却至100-112°F,并转入培养桶。此时,添加酸奶培养物(例如,由Danisco Ingredients或其他供应商提供的冷冻干燥培养物,ABY-2C)。该培养物用巴氏杀菌法混合30-60分钟,停止混合且大桶在104-107°F维持4-6小时。酸奶允许酸化到pH 4.5-4.6,然后进行搅拌(破碎)并在培养箱中冷却至60°F。最终的pH范围为4.1-4.4。
7.经由冷却压滤机泵出酸乳,转移到250加仑混合罐,温度降低到37-45°F,添加灭菌的果酱、风味剂和任何所期望的着色剂。缓慢搅拌混合物进行调合并再循环10-15分钟。混和的水果酸奶被转移至275加仑装载物中。
制备冷冻酸奶液滴
1.酸奶将被运输/从275加仑装载物(先在34-40华氏度下储存)中抽出至充气器(本案中为Mondomix充气器,也存在其他牌子)。
2.将氮气与酸奶通过Mondo混合器掺和(连接到装置冰水循环系统,以维持混合头温度在35-45°F)。产品膨胀度范围从20%-80%。然而,优选,膨胀目标在30%-50%,最优选35%-45%。该工艺持续发生。
3.维持在38-50°F,减压下,充气酸奶被抽取至沉积器多支管,并分给喷嘴组,其通过计量泵产生适当形状的沉淀形式(本案中为大的巧克力薄片形状,也可能为其他形状/形式)。当前目标形状为直径13-22mm(理想的是15-20mm),高度7-12mm(理想的是8-10),重量0.8-1.3克(理想是1.0-1.1g)。
4.液滴沉积到实心的不锈钢冷冻机传动带上(在本案中,传动带和冷冻机的厂家是Sandvik)。
5.伴随高速气流循环,冷冻机通道气温约为-20到-30°F。在隧道的停留时间为3-5分钟。冻结片从具有24-28°F内部温度的通道排出。
6.产品从冷冻机传动带转移并输送到批量装箱机,里面填充20-30磅,塑料袋排列成箱。封闭箱子、用绳子捆绑并储存在-20°F下,直到装运至OFD。
制备本发明的下列组合物。所列百分比以组合物的总重为基础。
实施例1:原味酸奶:
组分 | 重量百分比 |
低脂乳 | 82.89 |
脱脂奶粉(NFDM) | 4 |
糖 | 9 |
淀粉/明胶稳定剂混合物 | 3.7 |
酸奶培养物+脱脂乳 | 0.01 |
Lactem乳化剂(单甘油酯的乳酸酯) | 0.4 |
实施例2:
组分 | 配方百分比 |
低脂乳(脂肪1.65%) | 78.442148 |
低热NFDM | 3.68628 |
糖,烧酒 | 8.5068 |
淀粉/明胶稳定剂混合物(0.38%Lactem,1.1%木薯淀粉,2.3%明胶) | 3.87532 |
桃泥,单一浓度,冷冻,有机 | 5 |
天然桃香精 | 0.3 |
天然红木提取物 | 0.18 |
酸奶培养物 | 0.009452 |
总计 | 100 |
实施例3:
组分 | 最终配方百分比 |
低脂乳(脂肪1.65%) | 78.442148 |
低热NFDM | 3.68628 |
糖,烧酒 | 8.5068 |
淀粉/明胶稳定剂混合物#1795 | 3.87532 |
桃泥,单一浓度,冷冻,有机 | 5 |
天然桃香精WONF C13206 | 0.3 |
天然红木提取物1211663 | 0.18 |
酸奶培养物ABY-2C | 0.009452 |
总计 | 100 |
使用此处描述的方法制备上述组合物。
应当注意的是本发明不限于上述特定的具体实施方式,而是包括变化、改进和下列权利要求限定的同类具体实施方式。
Claims (33)
1.一种冷冻干燥且充气的乳品或乳替代品组合物,其包含:
乳品成分;
乳化剂;和
粘度改进剂,
其中所述乳品组合物是经巴氏灭菌的。
2.如权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中乳化剂选自乳酸化的单和双甘油酯,多乙氧基醚,酪蛋白酸盐,乳清蛋白,卵清蛋白,以及它们的混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中乳化剂是乳酸化的单和双甘油酯。
4.如权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其还包含凝胶剂,其中所述凝胶剂是明胶。
5.如权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中乳品或乳替代品组分的含量是组合物的60-98%。
6.如权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中乳酸化的单和双甘油酯的含量是组合物的0.001-1%。
7.如权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中粘度改进剂选自淀粉、亲水胶体如鹿角菜胶、瓜耳胶、刺槐豆胶、果胶及其混合物。
8.如权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中乳品或乳替代品组分选自牛奶、奶粉、酸奶、脱脂乳、乳蛋白、水解乳蛋白、大豆蛋白、乳清蛋白和米蛋白。
9.如权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中该组合物的硬度值为0.5-8峰值负荷力。
10.如权利要求3所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中乳酸化的单和双甘油酯选自单和双甘油酯的乳酸酯,单和双甘油酯的柠檬酸酯,和蒸馏的单甘油酯。
11.如权利要求3所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中乳酸化的单和双甘油酯是单甘油酯的乳酸酯,或单和双甘油酯的混合物。
12.权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其还包含至少一种糖。
13.权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中该组合物的溶解度为0.1-8磅峰值负荷力。
14.如权利要求1所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中组合物的粘度为1000-500,000cp。
15.一种冷冻干燥且充气的乳品组合物,其包含:
乳品组分;和
0.001-1%乳酸化单和双甘油酯,
其中所述乳品组合物是经巴氏灭菌的。
16.如权利要求13所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中乳品组分的含量是组合物的60-98%。
17.如权利要求13所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其还包含淀粉。
18.如权利要求13所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中该乳品组分选自牛奶、奶粉、酸奶、脱脂乳和乳蛋白。
19.如权利要求13所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中该组合物的硬度值为0.5-8磅力。
20.如权利要求13所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中乳酸化的单和双甘油酯选自单和双甘油酯的乳酸酯,单和双甘油酯的柠檬酸酯,和蒸馏的单甘油酯。
21.如权利要求18所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其中乳酸化单和双甘油酯是单甘油酯的乳酸酯,或单和双甘油酯的混合物。
22.如权利要求13所述的冷冻干燥组合物,其还包含至少一种糖。
23.一种制备冷冻干燥且充气的乳品或乳替代品的方法,包括步骤:
(a)提供乳品或乳替代品的混合物,
(b)向混合物中添加乳化剂,
(c)热处理乳品或乳替代品混合物,
(d)将该混合物进行发酵,
(e)在该混合中加入气体;
(f)同时给气体和乳品或乳替代品混合物充气以形成充气产品;
(g)充气产品部分形成预定大小和形状;
(h)冷却该部分;和
(i)对该部分进行冷冻干燥。
24.权利要求23所述的方法,其中乳品或乳替代品混合物的含量是产品的60-98%。
25.权利要求23所述的方法,其中该乳化剂包括含量为产品0.001-1%的乳酸化单和双甘油酯。
26.权利要求23所述的方法,还包括步骤b(1)提供淀粉和明胶。
27.权利要求23所述的方法,其中该混合物包含乳组分,其选自牛奶、奶粉、酸奶、脱脂乳和乳蛋白。
28.权利要求23所述的方法,其中该乳制品的硬度值为0.5-8峰值负荷力。
29.权利要求25所述的方法,其中乳酸化的单和双甘油酯选自单和双甘油酯的乳酸酯,和蒸馏的单甘油酯。
30.权利要求29所述的方法,其中乳酸化的单和双甘油酯是单甘油酯的乳酸酯,或单和双甘油酯的混合物。
31.权利要求23所述的方法,还包括步骤b(2)添加至少一种糖和稳定剂。
32.权利要求23所述的方法,其中该产品的溶解度范围为0.1-8峰值负荷力。
33.权利要求23所述的方法,其中该产品的粘度为1,000-500,000cp。
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CN110179042A (zh) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-30 | 稳健医疗用品股份有限公司 | 制备模拟饼干的冻干食品制品的方法及所制冻干食品制品 |
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US20120121762A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
CA2686582C (en) | 2014-09-02 |
US20090324773A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
RU2491823C2 (ru) | 2013-09-10 |
ZA200908722B (en) | 2011-02-23 |
CA2686582A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
AR066525A1 (es) | 2009-08-26 |
TWI486127B (zh) | 2015-06-01 |
AU2008251339A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
MY148286A (en) | 2013-03-29 |
US20100233317A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
PT2154982E (pt) | 2014-07-24 |
EP2154982B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
US20160316775A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
WO2008141233A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
US20120128829A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
MX2009012011A (es) | 2010-01-14 |
CL2008001383A1 (es) | 2009-09-25 |
RU2009145539A (ru) | 2011-06-20 |
EP2154982A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
BRPI0811302A8 (pt) | 2017-02-21 |
US20160192670A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
PL2154982T3 (pl) | 2014-12-31 |
BRPI0811302A2 (pt) | 2014-09-30 |
US10206409B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 |
TW200926988A (en) | 2009-07-01 |
ES2482091T3 (es) | 2014-08-01 |
JP2010526538A (ja) | 2010-08-05 |
US10159261B2 (en) | 2018-12-25 |
AU2008251339B2 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
US10143211B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 |
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