CN101680410B - 具有主动针控制器的多级增强型喷射器和喷射方法 - Google Patents
具有主动针控制器的多级增强型喷射器和喷射方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
- F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
- F02M57/022—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
- F02M57/025—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive hydraulic, e.g. with pressure amplification
- F02M57/026—Construction details of pressure amplifiers, e.g. fuel passages or check valves arranged in the intensifier piston or head, particular diameter relationships, stop members, arrangement of ports or conduits
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
- F02M59/08—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by two or more pumping elements with conjoint outlet or several pumping elements feeding one engine cylinder
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Abstract
本发明公开了具有主动针控制器的多级增强型喷射器和可以降低喷射器能量消耗的喷射方法。增强器围绕所述喷射器的轴线设置,以为沿着所述喷射器的中心向下的直接的针(20)控制器留出中心部位。还公开了一种加速系统,该加速系统提高了喷射针(20)的关闭速度,但是在最后关闭时不会增加所述喷射针的质量。如果控制系统确定已经为下一次喷射加压了足够的燃料,则直接针控制器允许在相邻的喷射之间保持燃料的喷射压力,从而通过不对每次喷射进行排压以及重新加压而在发动机以低于最大功率的功率运行时充分地节约能量。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2007年5月9日提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/928,578的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料喷射器领域。
背景技术
在现有技术中,增强型燃料喷射器是众所周知的。这种喷射器利用由加压工作流体驱动的较大的第一活塞来驱动较小的活塞,从而加压用于喷射的燃料。通常为10至1的活塞面积比(因此增强比通常为10至1)允许仅通过适度压力的工作流体来获得高的喷射压力。在可应用的压力下柴油机燃料能够得到适当的压缩。例如,每施加1000磅/平方英尺(psi)的压力,柴油机燃料大概压缩1%。在30000磅/平方英尺以及30000磅/平方英尺以上的喷射压力下,可以充分压缩燃料。不用于喷射的燃料压缩所需要的能量通常通过使工作流体经过增强器的较大的活塞排放到低压贮存器而浪费掉。因此,当发动机基本上以小于全功率的功率运行时,用于压缩全部喷射燃料的相当一部分能量被浪费掉。
并且,在柴油机燃料喷射器中,实现喷射的急剧开始和停止非常重要。例如由缓慢地降低喷射压力引起的较慢的喷射终止将导致雾化效果较差,或者甚至在喷射结束也没有实现真正的雾化,从而导致燃料的不完全燃烧以及不能接受的未燃烧碳氢化合物排放。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种实施方式的截面图。
图2是图1所示实施方式的截面图,表示以90度分开的半截面。
图3是本发明的另一实施方式的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2表示根据本发明的一种喷射器。这些图表示在喷射过程中处于喷射针打开位置的喷射器。图1是具有两个增强器的喷射器的截面图,而图2是相同喷射器的截面图,该图的右侧表示相同的截面,该图的左侧表示从右侧的截面翻转90度的截面。在该喷射器中设置有喷射针20,喷射针20几乎是压力平衡的,从而当处于喷射压力的燃料出现在环绕喷射针20的针室中时,将在喷射针上存在相对适度的向上的力。
燃料从增强器室28和29中的任意一个或两个通过端口24和凹槽26提供给喷射器喷头22中的针室21。增强器活塞30和32具有回复弹簧34和36,并且在增强器活塞30和32通过止回阀38和40返回到上部位置时被供以燃料。所述增强器由分别由控制阀46和48控制的活塞42和44驱动,控制阀46和48优选为螺线管驱动的滑阀(spool valve)。如果燃料仅由一个增强器通过由止回阀控制的通道和通道24提供给针室21,则止回阀50和52中的另一个将关闭,从而防止增强的压力与没有运行的增强器结合。
使用从喷射器的中心向外径向间隔开的两个增强器具有允许通过喷射器的轴线对喷射针进行直接控制的优点。具体地,可能包括一个或多个部分(表示出了一个以上的部分)的部件54从喷射针20的顶部一直延伸到位于喷射器顶部的压力室56。因此,当启动流体控制阀58,从而向压力室56施加压力时,部件54被向下液力推动,从而通过作用于部件54的顶部活塞区域的流体压力来关闭喷射针,优选实施方式中,各个部件成比例分布,以确保能够克服针室中的增强的压力将喷射针主动关闭。
对于初始的喷射针关闭过程,使用加速系统,从而确保了迅速的喷射针关闭过程。具体地,室56中的液压也作用于部件60的顶部,加速活塞(可以从图2的左侧看到)向下推动销62(图2中仅显示了其中一个销62,这是因为另一半截面是从该截面翻转90度后得到的)。销62则推动销64,销64推动部件66,部件66则朝向关闭位置推动喷射针20。然而,在喷射针最后关闭之前,部件66的底部将撞击部件26的顶部,这充分降低了喷射针关闭过程的冲击,从而允许非常迅速地将喷射针关闭,而不存在喷头从针室脱落的风险。值得注意的是,加速组件的止挡相当靠近喷射针,从而最大限度地降低了不均匀膨胀的影响,使得在喷射针关闭之前加速组件可以反复地工作。然而,控制阀58位于喷射器的顶部,从而简化了到控制阀的电连接。此外,由于优选为螺线管驱动的滑阀的所有控制阀相似地定位,所以用于三个阀的驱动线圈可以印制在多层印刷电路板上,从而进一步地简化了部件相互之间的电连接。而且,由于使用了两个增强器组件,因此允许使用较小(较快)的控制阀。
通过控制阀58的控制,喷射针20可以独立于环绕喷射针的针室中的压力而被向下推动到关闭位置。螺旋弹簧68(相对轻的螺旋弹簧)仅确保无论喷射针打开还是关闭针关闭销54都靠着喷射针保持静止。
因此,在增强的燃料存在的情况下关闭喷射针时,打开控制阀58,以提供室56中的流体压力,使销54以及上述加速组件朝向关闭位置加速喷射针,恰好在喷射针到达关闭位置之前使加速组件停止,从而极大地降低惯性,进而降低喷射针关闭过程中的冲击。在一种优选实施方式中,用于增强活塞42和44、销54以及部件60的启动流体为发动机油(engine oil),但是如果需要也可以使用其它流体(如燃料)。
如前所述,使用两个增强器组件具有许多优点。如果增强比不同,则在具有一个启动流体压力的情况下,可以通过操作一个或另一个增强器而选择性地获得两个不同的喷射压力。即使两个增强器组件具有相同的增强比,它们仍然具有优势。具体地,通常燃料喷射器需要充足的动力。在现有技术中,每次进行喷射时增强器通常运行一次,然后降低压力以重新对增强室填充燃料。显然,增强室必须足够大,以在发动机的最大需求情况下为一次喷射增强足够的燃料。由于使用的或者需要使用的喷射压力为30000磅/平方英尺或者更高,在每1000磅/平方英尺的压力下燃料通常被压缩接近1%,所以要喷射的燃料被压缩接近20%-30%。此外,要压缩被喷射的燃料,还存在一些与增强燃料相关的一般性空间(overhead volume),包括将增强燃料送往针室的通道和针室本身。在现有技术中,无论发动机运行状况如何,甚至在发动机空转时,都使用加压用于最大喷射的燃料所需的全部能量。
然而在本发明中,在仅有较少的燃料必须提供给燃烧室的较轻发动机负载的情况下,可以仅运行一个增强器组件,从而,假定不仅两个增强器组件的增强比相同,而且增强活塞的直径也相同,则能够将喷射器所需的动力降低50%。
可选择地,虽然一个增强器组件可能具有两倍于另一个增强器组件的面积或者冲程(图3),或者具有不同面积和冲程的一些结合以具备两倍于另一个增强器组件的增强燃料容积,但是这两个增强器组件的增强比可能是相同的。现在,当需要进行完全喷射时,可以使用两个增强器组件。当发动机以较轻的负载运行时,可能仅需要使用较大的增强器组件,当发动机以更轻的负载运行时,可能仅需要使用较小的增强喷射组件,从而与现有技术的喷射器所需要的能量相比节省了大量的能量。
下面将说明根据本发明的喷射器或者具有直接针控制器的单个增强器组件喷射器的另一种操作方式。首先,对至少满足用于发动机的一次喷射的最大量喷射需求所需的足够多的燃料进行增强。(一个喷射过程可以包括例如预喷射,紧跟着预喷射的是主喷射。)然而,当发动机以较轻负载运行时,简单地保持增强器上的驱动流体压力,但是通过控制喷射针来控制喷射本身,如通过图1、图2和图3中所示的方式;而不是像现在那样通过对增强器组件进行降压和重新加压来对用于喷射的燃料进行降压和重新加压。
通过对于多次喷射简单地增强一次,这种操作能够节省操作喷射器所需的大部分动力,喷射的次数取决于发动机负载并且简单地由控制每次喷射时喷射的燃料的量的控制器决定。例如,在空转的情况下使用本发明时,在需要降低增强器的压力以重新填充随后的喷射所需的用于增强的燃料之前,或许只需运行一个增强器组件,并且一次增强可以提供六次或更多次的喷射。因此,增强过程中所使用的能量可以根据发动机负载情况容易地获得,并且当发动机负载极大地减小时该能量也极大地降低。因此,虽然无论是否需要最大量的燃料喷射,现有技术都增强发动机所需的最大量的燃料,但是本发明可以或者仅增强大概喷射所需量的燃料,或者增强比一次喷射所需的燃料多的更大量的燃料,但是该增强将保持用于两次或更多次的喷射,或者同时进行上述两种增强。用于喷射器阀的电子控制系统可以容易地对每次喷射所喷射的燃料量保持追踪,从而可以在不需要反馈测量的情况下预测什么时候需要再次增强。例如,电子控制可以确定在一次喷射后是否还剩有用于同等喷射的足够多的已增强的燃料。如果这样,在针控制器关闭喷射针之后继续进行增强,并且下一次喷射通过针控制器完成,如果发动机功率设置已经增大,则该喷射受限于处于增强压力的能够喷射的燃料的量。
因此,虽然出于说明的目的而不是限制的目的,在这里对本发明的某些优选实施方式进行了公开和描述,但是本领域技术人员应该理解,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下可以对本发明进行各种形式和细节方面的改变。
Claims (7)
1.一种燃料喷射器,该燃料喷射器包括:
位于针室中的喷射针;
第一增强器和第二增强器;
第一止回阀和第二止回阀,该第一止回阀和第二止回阀设置为防止任意一个增强器增强另一个增强器中的燃料;
第一控制阀和第二控制阀,该第一控制阀和第二控制阀用于可控地分别将加压启动流体连接到所述第一增强器和第二增强器;
针控制销,该针控制销在所述第一增强器和第二增强器之间延伸并且延伸到所述喷射针的顶部;以及
针控制阀,该针控制阀用于可控地将启动流体连接到所述针控制销的与所述喷射针的顶部相反的一端,所述喷射针和所述针控制销成比例分布,从而当加压启动流体连接到所述针控制销的与所述喷射针的顶部相反的一端并且所述针室容纳处于增强压力下的燃料时,将所述喷射针保持关闭。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料喷射器,其中,该燃料喷射器还包括加速活塞,所述针控制阀还将启动流体可控地连接到所述加速活塞,所述加速活塞连接为使所述喷射针从打开位置朝向关闭位置移动,当所述喷射针接近所述关闭位置时,所述加速活塞的运动受到限制,从而停止朝向所述关闭位置移动所述喷射针。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃料喷射器,其中,所述第一增强器和第二增强器的尺寸相同。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃料喷射器,其中,所述第一增强器和第二增强器具有相同的增强比。
5.根据权利要求4所述的燃料喷射器,其中,所述第一增强器和第二增强器具有不同的增强燃料容积。
6.根据权利要求5所述的燃料喷射器,其中,所述不同的增强燃料容积至少部分地由所述第一增强器和第二增强器的不同面积导致。
7.根据权利要求5所述的燃料喷射器,其中,所述不同的增强燃料容积至少部分地由所述第一增强器和第二增强器的不同的冲程导致。
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CN101680410B (zh) * | 2007-05-09 | 2011-11-16 | 斯德曼数字系统公司 | 具有主动针控制器的多级增强型喷射器和喷射方法 |
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- 2008-05-09 WO PCT/US2008/063321 patent/WO2008141237A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-05-09 CN CN2011102593648A patent/CN102278248B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2008141237A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
CN102278248B (zh) | 2013-08-28 |
US8579207B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
US20080277504A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
CN102278248A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
US20100186716A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
CN101680410A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
US7717359B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 |
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