CN101636194B - 涂布工具 - Google Patents
涂布工具 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101636194B CN101636194B CN2007800496999A CN200780049699A CN101636194B CN 101636194 B CN101636194 B CN 101636194B CN 2007800496999 A CN2007800496999 A CN 2007800496999A CN 200780049699 A CN200780049699 A CN 200780049699A CN 101636194 B CN101636194 B CN 101636194B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于向处理表面涂布液体量的工具(1)。该工具包括支撑装置(3),在支撑装置上安装有储器(2),该储器限定容纳液体的储藏空间(4)。该储器包括壁(6),该壁具有用于将液体涂布在处理表面上方的工作表面。当涂布液体时,壁(6)弹性变形,所以在使用中工作表面保持与处理表面接触。在向用户的腋窝区域涂布透皮洗液方面,该工具具有特定的应用。本发明还涉及液体组合物中的生理活性剂的透皮施用的系统和进行透皮施用的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及将液体涂布在处理表面上的工具。在该说明中下文使用的术语“液体”旨在也涉及液体状物质,例如流体、洗液、凝胶、乳剂或膏剂。该工具尤其适用于涂布局部的或透皮的液体,并且该工具特别应用于将药物液体涂布在用户身体的区域。下文中将参照该特别的应用来方便地描述本发明,然而要理解的是,该工具可以适用于将液体涂布在其它处理表面上。
背景技术
诸如避光剂或药物液体的局部液体之前已被设置在可挤压的容器中或具有手动泵的容器中,由此将液体的一部分沉积在处理表面上,或者沉积在空手上以随后涂布到处理表面上。在任一情况下,徒手将液体涂布在处理表面上,这导致液体涂布到与处理表面不同的表面。因为从容器分配的量可能是规定的剂量,因此徒手处理药物液体通常是不能接受的。尤其在液体预期在规定剂量下产生治疗效果的情况下更是如此。
通常期望提供一种工具能暂时保留涂布到处理表面上的液体。工具趋于经受在暂时保留液体和必须释放处理表面上的液体之间的张力。诸如刷子和海绵的工具有效地用于将液体涂布在处理表面上,然而在对处理表面应用这些工具之后,这些工具容易保留一定量的残余液体。所保留的量可能根据应用不同而有所不同,如此,使用诸如刷子或海绵的工具难以精确地将计量过的剂量涂布在处理表面上。除此之外,工具难以清洁,特别如果工具用于多种药物液体,则会污染随后的液体。
期望的是,提供能够在将液体涂布在处理表面的同时使残余量的保留最小化的工具,并且该工具在使用后易于清洁。
以上在说明书中包括的对行动、材料、器件、工具等的讨论只是为了提供本发明的背景。没有建议或表现的是,这些内容中的任意内容形成现有技术基础的一部分或者作为本发明相关领域中的公知常识,如在本发明的优先权日之前在澳大利亚存在的一样。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种用于向处理表面涂布液体量的工具,该工具包括支撑装置,所述支撑装置上面安装有储器,所述储器限定顶部开口并通过该开口顶部容纳所述液体量的储藏空间,所述储器具有可弹性变形的基底和与所述基底一体地由柔性薄膜形成的壁,所述壁基本上横向于所述基底并且具有工作表面,在将液体涂布于所述处理表面时,所述液体通过所述开口顶部离开所述储藏空间并且通过所述工作表面涂布在所述处理表面上,其中所述壁和所述基底可弹性变形,所以在使用中当涂布所述液体时所述工作表面保持与所述处理表面接触。
优选地,所述基底可弹性变形。另外优选地,所述壁与所述基底一体地由柔性薄膜形成。
优选地,所述储器包括铰链结构,该铰链结构用于使所述壁能够相对于所述基底运动。还优选地,所述铰链结构与所述基底和所述壁一体地形成。
优选地,所述支撑装置与所述储器的至少所述壁相比相对刚硬,以使得当涂布所述液体时,至少所述壁可相对于所述支撑装置运动。还优选地,所述支撑装置可释放地附接于所述储器。还优选地,所述壁包括裙部,所述裙部的下边缘附接于所述支撑装置。还优选地,所述支撑装置可拆卸地连接到分配装置,所述分配装置可操作以将所述液体量分配到所述储器中。
优选地,所述壁包括位于所述裙部和所述基底之间的内部。还优选地,所述内部从基底以大于或等于90°的角度从所述基底延伸,并且所述内部从所述基底到所述工作表面是连续的。
优选地,至少所述内部包括多个通道,所述多个通道提供所述液体从所述储器空间到所述处理表面的通路。还优选地,所述壁在所述内部和所述裙部之间为城堡形部分,且每个通道的出口端分隔每个城堡形部分。还优选地,所述工作表面受限于所述城堡形部分。
优选地,所述工作表面沿着所述壁在所述内部和所述裙部之间延伸。所述工作表面可以覆盖所述壁的所述内部并且还可以覆盖所述壁的所述裙部。还优选地,所述工作表面基本上是凸起的。
优选地,所述裙部从所述支撑装置向着所述工作表面向外张开。可选择地,所述裙部基本上平行于所述内部。
优选地,所述处理表面是用户的皮肤。
还优选地,所述处理表面是所述用户的皮肤的腋窝区域。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种液体组合物中的生理活性剂的透皮施用的系统,所述系统包括:
容器,该容器包含所述液体组合物,所述液体组合物包括所述生理活性剂;
分配装置,该分配装置用于输送来自所述容器的液体;以及
涂布器,该涂布器用于向皮肤区域涂布所述液体,以进行透皮施用,所述涂布器包括限定顶部开口的储藏空间的储器,所述储藏空间通过所述开口顶部容纳来自所述容器的液体量,所述储器具有可弹性变形的基底和可弹性变形的壁,所述壁与所述基底一体地由柔性薄膜形成,所述壁基本上横向于所述基底并具有工作表面,所述工作表面用于将所述液体涂布在所述皮肤表面的区域上。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了一种分配液体量以向皮肤表面涂布的方法,所述方法包括:
提供根据第一方面所述的工具;
向储藏空间涂布液体量;以及
使包含所述液体的所述储器的壁抵靠所述受治疗者皮肤变形。
下文中,将参照附图方便地更详细地描述本发明,附图示出了本发明的四个示例性实施方式。附图的特性和相关的细节描述不应理解为取代本发明的前述广义描述的一般性。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明第一优选实施方式的工具的立体图。
图2是图1中的工具的剖视图。
图3是图2的区域A中的工具的一部分的细节视图。
图4是根据本发明第二优选实施方式的工具一部分的剖面的细节视图。
图5是根据本发明第三优选实施方式的工具的立体图。
图6是图5中的工具一部分的剖视图。
图7是根据本发明第四优选实施方式的工具的立体图。
图8是连接到分配装置的图1中的工具的正视图。
具体实施方式
首先参照示出工具1的第一优选实施方式的图1,工具1包括储器2和用于支撑储器2的支撑装置3。储器2限定顶部开口并用于通过该开口顶部容纳液体量的储藏空间4。当使用工具1时,使储器2与处理表面(未示出)接合,以使液体能够被通过开口顶部输送至处理表面并通过储器2的工作表面涂布在处理表面上。处理表面可以是任意表面,然而工具的设计意图是:处理表面是用户的皮肤,特别是用户皮肤的腋窝区域。
现在参照示出工具1的剖面的图2,并且可以注意的是,储器2包括基底5和壁6。该壁包括内部7,内部7连续地从基底5向着壁6的上端8延伸。壁的裙部9连续地从壁的上端8向下边缘10延伸,下边缘10附接于支撑装置3。图3更清楚地示出用加厚的肋形成的裙部的下边缘10,下边缘10位于形成在支撑装置3上的凹陷12中。用于将储器连接到支撑装置的其它装置明显是可行的,然而该布置使得储器2能够与支撑装置3分离,这是为了例如清洁储器2。
优选地,至少壁6的顶端8在使用中当接触处理表面时可发生弹性变形。壁6与处理表面接合的部分提供了用于将液体涂布在皮肤上的工作表面。因此,工作表面可以包括内部7、上端8和/或裙部9。在图2和图3所示的优选实施方式中,储器2由相对柔性的膜形成,这使得当在处理表面上涂布液体时至少壁6能够弯曲而用作铲状构件。该膜的相对柔性使得壁6能够在处理表面上滚动以涂布液体而不将液体从处理表面擦去。
在如图4所示的第二优选实施方式中,储器2形成有两个铰链结构13。通过局部减小膜的厚度来实现铰链结构13。这使得(例如)壁的内部7能够更容易地相对于储器的基底5弯曲。壁的上端8处的铰链结构13使得壁的内部7能够相对于裙部9弯曲。这样有效地产生了铲状构件的较精细边缘。
现在参照如图5和图6所示的储器2的第三优选实施方式,图5和图6示出壁6在其上端形成有城堡形部分14。城堡形部分14均通过通道15分隔开,通道15基本上从基底5向着壁6的上端延伸。每个通道15提供液体从储藏空间4向着工作表面出去的通路。壁6上端的城堡形部分14减小了工作表面的表面积,这使得液体能够以较厚的层输送到处理表面。通道15被示出为向着裙部9延伸,然而这不是必要的,只要通道15从储藏空间4向着壁的工作表面延伸并且城堡形部分占用工作表面即可。
现在参照图7,图7示出储器2的第四优选实施方式。在该优选实施方式中,储器2的基底5形成有多个凹痕16。图示示出每个凹痕16呈六边形的形式,然而这不是必要的。设置凹痕16使得储器2更容易填充,因为液体不太可能从储藏空间4冲出。
现在参照图8,优选地,工具1可拆卸地连接到含有大量液体的容器18的分配装置17或一些其它部分。在分配装置17呈泵17的形式的情况下,工具1可以以这样的方式接合泵17:减少泵的出口暴露于空气的量。这样将降低泵发生诸如主要损失的问题。除此之外,环绕泵17的支撑装置3的相对固体性质将降低从泵17的意外泄放的可能性。
从之前描述中将清楚的是,结合本发明的工具1提供了在处理表面上涂布和涂布液体的有效并易于使用的手段。工具1不太可能像海绵或刷子一样保留残留液体。具有通道15结构的城堡形部分14提供的独特优点是,该工具可以在处理表面上涂布更厚的液体层。
在本发明的一个具体优选的实施方式中,容器中包含的液体是透皮给药组合物,特别是US专利6299900或WO2006/128255所描述类型的透皮给药组合物,US专利6299900或WO2006/128255中的每个的内容通过引用合并到本文。液体当输送到储器时,可以并且优选地呈凝胶、乳剂、泡沫或粘性溶液的形式。
因此,根据本发明的又一方面,提供了用于液体组合物中的生物活性剂的透皮施用的系统,该系统包括:
容器,该容器包含包括生物活性剂的液体组合物,
分配装置,该分配装置用于输送来自容器的液体;以及
涂布器,该涂布器用于将液体涂布在皮肤区域上,以进行透皮施用,所述涂布器包括储器,储器限定容纳来自容器的液体量的储藏空间,储器具有基底和基本上横向于基底的壁,该壁具有用于将液体涂布在皮肤表面的区域上的工作表面,其中至少壁可发生弹性变形,所以在使用中当涂布液体时工作表面保持与处理表面接触。
涂布器可以可移动地安装在容器或容器盖上,以使得能够方便地将液体涂在储器上并能够方便地进行清洁或更换。
液体将优选地包括挥发性液体、生理活性剂和优选的粘度调节剂。
挥发性液体(有时也称作“挥发性载体”或“媒介”)将通常以较高浓度存在,诸如以80%或更高的质量百分比存在。挥发性液体可以是适合药理学的任何溶剂,并且许多这类溶剂在本领域是公知的。包括挥发性溶剂或挥发性载体的优点之一在于,它有助于组合物快速干燥,使得活性剂能够被吸收,并且通过限制施用于小面积的皮肤,优选地施用于腋窝,避免意外定量不当的问题。优选地,挥发性液体是在大气压和通常皮肤温度为32摄氏度的条件下蒸汽压在35mmHg以上的溶剂。优选地,溶剂是低级烷醇或这类醇的混合物。合适的溶剂包括体积百分比在大约40%至99%的范围内(优选地,大于50%、60%、70%或80%)的乙醇、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、丙酮、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲基乙基酮、戊烷、氯仿或其混合物。诸如二甲醚或R134a的气溶胶喷射剂也可以构成用于本发明的挥发性液体。
组合物可包括粘度调节剂。术语“粘度调节剂”用于表示改变整体所得组合物的粘度的组合物成分。粘度调节剂的性质不仅取决于粘度调节剂自身,而且还取决于其存在的比例以及存在或不存在其它成分。例如,胶凝剂可以用作粘度调节剂,只要存在用于该胶凝剂的催化剂。例如,可以使用与催化剂一起用在组合物中的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC),其中,挥发性溶剂是浓度为大约2%的质量百分比的低级烷醇。合适的催化剂是氯化钠。浓度很重要,这是因为在该实施例中,质量百分比为0.1%的HPMC具有不同的效果。增稠剂用于增加粘度并且通常是无水的。
粘度调节剂通常是增稠剂或胶凝剂。这通常用于增大在挥发性溶剂中包含生理性活性剂溶液的组合物的粘度。给定挥发性溶剂的性质,溶液的粘度典型地将非常低。粘度调节剂的目的在于增大溶液的粘度,以使得在短时间段内在涂布区域附近保留了组合物,以允许在该位点增大生理活性剂的吸收量。粘度调节剂优选地将粘度增大至大约典型洗液(例如遮光剂)的粘度,而不是增大至组合物变成凝胶的点。典型地,根据本发明的透皮给药组合物的粘度将小于300厘泊,并且通常为大约150厘泊。
粘度调节剂必须在本发明的组合物的其它成分的环境中保留其活性。具体来讲,增稠剂在该环境中必须保持活性和稳定性。例如,在组合物具有高醇含量的情况下(例如,在挥发性溶剂主要包括体积百分比大于80%的醇的情况下),增稠剂必须在高醇环境中是有效的。考虑到这些要求,技术人员可以从本领域公知的增稠剂中选择几种增稠剂。期望的是,增稠剂也抑制组合物的溶剂蒸发率,以增强活性剂在涂布位点的皮肤中的所谓“溶剂爆发(solvent burst)”。在一个实施方式中,增稠剂包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或PVP(PovidoneTM)。
本领域的技术人员将理解的是,所需的增稠剂的量是程度的问题,并且累及其它参数。还公知的是,许多增稠剂在特定的浓度下具有峰值活性,并且百分比浓度略高和略低时,活性可能会明显降低。例如,在一个优选的实施方式中,在组合物包括超过80%的醇并且所使用的增稠剂是PVP的情况下,PVP的期望浓度在1%到3%之间,并且在这个范围之外其活性明显降低。
胶凝剂是基体形成剂(matrix-forming agent),一旦被活化,通过在它们所在的组合物内和组合物周围形成基体来作用。增稠剂通常是无水制剂,以增大组合物的粘度。
生理活性剂可以选自US6299900和WO2006/128255所描述的制剂中的任意一种,US6299900和WO2006/128255中的每个的内容通过引用合并于此。可用于本发明系统中的生理活性剂包括任何局部的或系统的活性剂,这些活性剂可以输送穿过皮肤以实现期望的效果。这些活性剂(按治疗类分组)可以包括:
(a)包括止泻药的消化系统剂。
(b)心血管系统剂,包括:
(i)抗高血压药物;
(ii)钙通道阻滞药;
(iii)抗心律失常药;
(iv)防心绞痛剂;
(v)类肾上腺素阻断剂;
(vi)强心苷;
(vii)肾上腺素兴奋剂;
(viii)血管扩张药;以及
(ix)抗偏头疼药品。
(c)影响血液和造血组织的药品,包括:
(i)抗凝血剂和溶解血栓剂;以及
(ii)止血剂。
(d)影响中枢神经系统的药品,包括:
(i)止痛剂;
(ii)退热剂;以及
(iii)包括乙酰水杨酸(阿司匹林)、扑热息痛和安替比林的其它药品
(e)催眠药和镇静剂。
(f)抗焦虑剂。
(g)精神抑制药和安定药。
(h)抗抑郁剂、四环类抗抑郁剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂和选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂。
(i)CNS兴奋剂。
(j)抗阿尔茨海默剂。
(k)抗帕金森剂和多巴胺-2激动剂。
(l)抗惊厥药物。
(m)止吐药、止神经痛药品和5HT-3受体激动剂。
(n)骨骼肌肉系统,包括:
(i)非甾体抗炎药;
(ii)另外的非甾体抗炎药;
(iii)抗类风湿剂;
(iv)肌肉松弛剂;以及
(v)用于痛风和高尿酸血的剂。
(o)荷尔蒙和类固醇,包括:
(i)雌激素及其衍生物;
(ii)黄体酮和其它黄体酮及其衍生物;
(iii)抗雄激素物质;
(iv)抗雌激素物质和衍生物;
(v)雄激素和合成代谢剂及其衍生物;
(vi)5α-还原酶抑制剂;
(vii)皮质甾类剂;
(viii)另外的甾体抗炎剂;
(ix)垂体激素和它们的活性衍生物或类似物;
(x)甲状腺激素;以及
(xi)诸如奥曲肽的其它各种激素剂。
(q)垂体抑制剂。
(r)排卵诱导剂。
(s)血糖过低剂。
(t)泌尿生殖器系统剂。
(u)利尿剂、相关利尿剂和髓袢利尿药。
(v)包括其活性衍生物或类似物的抗利尿剂。
(w)包括作用于子宫的剂的助产药。
(x)前列腺素。
(y)抗菌剂,包括:
(i)头孢菌素;
(ii)青霉素;
(iii)四环素和其它四环素型抗生素;
(iv)氨基糖苷类抗生素;
(v)喹诺酮;
(vi)硫胺类药剂;
(vii)砜;以及
(viii)其它各种抗生素。
(z)抗结核药。
(aa)抗疟药。
(ab)抗病毒剂。
(ac)驱虫剂.
(ad)细胞毒素剂。
(ae)包括厌食和减肥剂的新陈代谢剂。
(af)用于高钙血症的剂和它们的活性衍生物或类似物。
(ag)呼吸系统剂,包括:
(i)止咳药;
(ii)除痰剂;
(iii)解充血药;以及
(iv)支气管痉挛放送剂和前药及其衍生物。
(ah)敏感症和免疫系统剂,包括:
(i)抗组胺剂.
(ai)局部麻醉剂。
(aj)角质层脂质。
(ak)神经肌肉阻滞剂。
(al)戒烟剂。
(am)适于局部或系统应用的杀虫剂或其它农药。
(an)皮肤剂。
(ao)用于脱敏的过敏原药。
(ap)营养剂。
(aq)角质层分离药。
(ar)心力加强剂。
(as)抗痤疮剂。
(at)抗牛皮癣剂。
(au)抗痒剂。
(av)抗胆碱药。
(aw)其它生理活性肽和包括小尺寸至中尺寸肽的蛋白质。
特别优选地,活性剂借助系统循环是有效的,并且仍然更优选地,活性剂包括从由雌激素、黄体酮和雄激素组成的组中选择的激素,包括其前药和衍生物。最优选地,活性剂包括睾酮或其衍生物或前药。
优选的活性剂是睾酮或其衍生物,睾酮或其衍生物可以用于对男性和女性的睾酮缺乏和由此导致的生理状况和疾病进行治疗。组合物因此可以包括睾酮或其衍生物。存在许多紧密相关的雄性化合物,这些化合物是从睾酮合成衍生而来的,所知的是它们能够提供相同或相似的生理活性。这类化合物包括但不限于:睾酮盐、诸如醋酸盐、庚酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、异丁酸盐、丙酸盐、十一酸酯、醋酸环丙孕酮、丹那唑、类固醇还原抑制剂、氟羚甲基睾丸素、甲基睾丸素、癸酸诺龙、苯丙酸诺龙、氧甲氢龙、羟次甲氢龙、康力龙和睾内酯。与会由睾酮的活性所期待相反地,申请人已发现本发明可以用于提供用于透皮施用的睾酮的快速输送,而没有引发不期望程度的副作用,这些副作用使受治疗者身体不适,诸如出汗和体味,这归咎于睾酮的提升。
男性和女性体内的睾酮产生随着年龄增大而自然下降。睾酮不足可能由下丘脑、脑下垂体或抑制激素分泌和睾酮产生的睾丸的疾病或损坏造成,并且也认知为性腺机能减退。根据年龄,睾酮产生不足可以导致肌肉和骨架成长异常、生殖器未发育完全以及生殖力减弱。
男性睾酮不足(性腺机能减退)可能存在于出生时(天生的)或者可能随后逐渐显现出来(后天的)。通过沿着下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的因素位置来分类:
首先,睾丸的损坏
第二,垂体的损坏
第三,下丘脑的损坏。
最普通的天生因素是克兰费尔特综合征。由额外的X染色体造成的该状况导致不育、面部毛发和体毛稀疏、胸部异常增大(男子女性型乳房)和睾丸小。
诸如促黄体生成激素-释放激素(LHRH)缺乏和促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)缺乏(例如,卡尔曼氏综合征)的先天激素紊乱也可能造成睾酮缺乏。
其它先天因素包括不存在睾丸(也被称作无睾畸形)和睾丸没有下降到阴囊中(隐睾病)。
睾酮缺乏的后天因素包括:化学疗法;涉及脑下垂体、下丘脑或睾丸的手术过程中的损伤;腺状体畸形;影响下丘脑的头外伤;感染(例如,脑膜炎、梅毒、腮腺炎);性黄体生成素缺乏(例如,能育性去睾综合征);辐射;睾丸损伤;以及脑下垂体、下丘脑或睾丸的瘤。
根据大量的研究,女性的男性激素缺乏与性问题或不满增加的速度相关。这些问题是切除卵巢的女性和由于其它原因而缺乏男性激素的女性经常遭遇的。女性机能减退的性欲障碍(HSDD)是对(或接收)性活动的性幻想、性想法和/或性欲的持续或连续缺乏(或不存在),这造成了个人身体不适。因素可以是生理的或心理的或者是生理和心理的组合。常见的生理病理包括激素缺乏、药物治疗或手术干预。由这些病因造成的对女性荷尔蒙环境的任何破坏会导致性欲降低。性欲的缺乏或降低也会带来低的性唤起和性响应,或者代来与性活动相关的痛苦。另一个因素可以是难以即无力获得或保持充足的性刺激、被认知为女性性唤起障碍(FSAD)。
本发明可以用于对男性和女性的性功能紊乱的治疗。
正常的年轻男性正常每日的睾酮产量是3mg-10mg/每天,并随着每天活动而变化(一天内的最大值在大约早上7点,随后下降)。男性的睾酮治疗目标是,输送睾酮的生理量从而在健康男性的正常范围(例如300至1000/dL或10至35nM)内系统循环生产血清睾酮水平。
一些临床研究已经证实,在诸如女性性功能不良的情况下,睾酮施用在提高性功能方面是有用的,施用睾酮的目的在于将睾酮水平恢复到正常的再生水平。至今为止的研究建议,每天系统施用的剂量范围从150至300μg将足够使男性激素缺乏的女性的睾酮水平恢复到中等或高等的绝经前水平。
在一个实施方式中,本发明用于将包含作为活性剂的睾酮的组合物输送到病人的腋窝,从而导致至少预定量的睾酮的血液水平。在一个实施方式中,预定量是正常范围。在睾酮的情况下,所实现的血液水平是至少200ng/dL,优选地为300-1000ng/dL。
本发明还可用于响应于对诸如AIDS消耗综合征、小阴茎、生长激素缺乏症、更年期综合征、男性挺性期或成年男性的男性激素缺乏症(ADAM)、由肾透析或慢性肾病造成的贫血、良性前列腺增生、痤疮、糖尿病、不育、牙周疾病、后合成代谢类固醇滥用、干眼病、糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜病变和红斑狼疮骨密度减小(即,骨质疏松症)、高血脂、倾向于前列腺癌的患病体质、心脏病、绞痛和高血压的睾酮治疗的各种情况的治疗。
在另外的实施方式中,本发明可用于治疗雌激素和/或黄体酮缺乏的方法、治疗慢性疼痛的方法和治疗焦虑相关障碍的方法。
组合物可以具有止汗和/或除臭的特性。因此,组合物使得活性剂能快速输送用于透皮施用,同时也使得能够减少排汗和/或体味。本发明有助于向诸如腋窝的区域输送组合物,以进行透皮输送,虽然不使用正常的止汗剂/除臭产品(对于患者依从是重要的),但没有造成患者的不方便,其中,否则止汗剂/除臭产品会干扰活性剂的输送。
当生理性活性剂是用于对受治疗者进行睾酮缺乏治疗的睾丸激素或其衍生物时,组合物的止汗和/或除臭特性尤其有利。由于睾酮转换成二氢睾酮(DHT),导致在存在5α-还原酶的情况下,睾酮是造成增加排汗和产生排汗以及与排汗有关的体味的原因。
在一个实施方式中,增稠剂可以是用于给药组合物的止汗剂和/或栓塞剂。在另一个实施方式中,除臭剂和止汗剂中都结合有至少一种活性剂和透皮促进剂。合适的增稠剂包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或PVP(PovidoneTM)。止汗剂也可以是栓塞剂,并且增稠的栓塞剂可以具有止汗效果。
在一些实施方式中,增稠剂是止汗剂,或者组合物还包括止汗剂和/或除臭剂。
尽管组合物中存在固有的止汗和/或除臭特性,但是组合物中也可以可选地施用不干涉活性剂的除臭添加剂和止汗添加剂。以另一种形式,液体可包括至少一种生理活性剂;以及至少一种挥发性溶剂;以及至少一种止汗剂或除臭剂。
在一个实施方式中,组合物包括止汗剂。止汗剂可以是减少或抑制出汗的任何适当的物质。在一些情况下,止汗剂还可以提供除臭的好处。
优选地,止汗剂从由铝、锆、锌的无机或有机盐或其混合物组成的组中选择。
在一个实施方式中,止汗剂是具有通式Al2(OH)XQy.wH2O的铝盐,其中,Q是氯、溴或碘;x是2至5;x+y=6,其中,x和y不需要是整数;并且wH2O表示水合作用的变量。
在另一个实施方式中,止汗剂是具有通式ZrO(OH)2n-nzBz.wH2O的锆盐,其中,z是0.9至2.0的范围内的变量,它使得2n-nz的值是0或正数;n是B的化合价;B从由氯、其它卤素、氨基磺酸盐、硫酸盐及其混合物组成的组中选择;并且wH2O表示水合作用的变量。
在优选的实施方式中,止汗剂选自由以下物质组成的组:氯化铝、聚合氯化铝、氯化羟铝二元醇、碱式氯化铝和丙二醇络合物、二氯化羟铝、二氯化羟铝二元醇、碱式二氯化铝和丙二醇络合物、倍半氯化羟铝、倍半氯化羟铝和聚乙二醇络合物、倍半氯化羟铝和丙二醇络合物、八氯羟铝锆、八氯水合甘氨酸铝锆、五氯羟铝锆、五氯水合甘氨酸铝锆、四氯羟铝锆、四氯水合甘氨酸铝锆、三氯羟铝锆和三氯水合甘氨酸铝锆。这些止汗剂具有美国食品&药品管理联邦登记的准许条目。
预期的是还可以使用其它止汗剂。这些止汗剂的示例包括溴化羟铝、氯化铝、柠檬酸铝、硫酸铝、铵明矾、乙酰蛋氨酸钴、明矾、钠矾和乳酸氯羟化铝钠。
在另一个实施方式中,组合物包括除臭剂。除臭剂可以是在掩盖或中和由细菌作用产生的体味的过程中提供除臭好处的任何合适的物质。通常,除臭剂不干扰出汗。除臭剂的代表示例包括但不限于以下物质中的一种或多种或其组合:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、西吡氯铵、苄索氯铵、异丁基苯基乙氧基乙基二甲基苯甲基氯化铵、N-十二烷酰肌氨酸钠、N-棕榈酰肌氨酸钠、十二烷基肌氨酸、N-十四酰氨基乙酸、N-十二烷酰肌氨酸钾、十八烷、三甲胺盐酸盐、乳酸氯羟化铝钠、三鲸蜡基甲基氯化铵、2,4,4′-三氯-2′-羟基二苯醚、诸如L-赖氨酸十六烷基胺的二胺烷基胺、柠檬酸盐、水杨酸盐的重金属盐(特别是锌盐)及其酸、羟基吡啶硫酮的重金属盐(特别是吡啶硫酮锌和苯酚磺酸锌)。其它的除臭剂包括但不限于,吸味材料诸如碳酸盐和重碳酸盐,例如碱金属碳酸盐和重碳酸盐、碳酸铵和四乙基铵碳酸盐以及碳酸氢铵和四乙基铵碳酸盐(特别是钠盐和钾盐)。
在优选的实施方式中,组合物包括止汗剂和除臭剂的组合。组合物中存在的止汗剂和除臭剂的量提供了有利的止汗和/或除臭的效果。止汗剂或除臭剂存在的量可以按重量计是组合物的大约0.05%至60%,并且优选地大约1%至40%,更优选地大约5%至30%,还更优选地大约8%至15%。在组合物包括止汗剂和除臭剂的组合的情况下,这些剂的组合量优选地在上述优选的范围内。
在一个实施方式中,组合可以包括穿透促进剂。穿透促进剂有时也被称作“吸收”促进剂。在US专利6,299,900和WO2006/128255中描述了合适的透皮促进剂,US专利6,299,900和WO2006/128255中的每个的内容通过引用合并入本文。优选的透皮促进剂包括:脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、脂肪醇、乙二醇和乙二醇酯、1,3-二氧戊环和1,3-二氧杂环乙烷、含至少12个碳原子的大环酮、噁唑烷酮和噁唑烷酮衍生物、羟基-2-(N,N-二基取代胺)-链烷酸酯、(N,N-二基取代胺)-烷醇链烷酸酯、遮光剂酯及其混合物。这些包括满足以下分子式的安全的皮肤耐受酯类遮光剂:
其中,R1是氢、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、卤素、羟基或NR3R4;
R2是长链烷基;
R3和R4均是单独的氢、低级烷基,或者R3和R4与氮原子附着在一起形成5或6个杂环;
n是0或1;并且
q是1或2。
最优选地,透皮促进剂选自包括下列物质的列表:油酸、油醇、环十五(CPE-218TM)、失水山梨醇单油酸酯、油酸甘油酯、丙二醇单十二酸酯、聚乙二醇单月桂酸酯、2-n-壬基1,3-二氧戊环(SEPATM)、十二烷基2-(N,N-二甲氨基)-丙酸酯(DDAIP)或其盐的衍生物,2-乙基己基2-乙酸己酯、异丙基十四烷酯、二甲基异山梨酯、4-癸基噁唑烷酮-2-酮(SR-38TM,TCPI,Inc.)、3-甲基-4-癸基噁唑烷酮-2-酮、辛基二甲基-对-氨基苯甲酸、辛基对-甲氧基肉桂酸、辛基水杨酸盐和其混合物。
吸收/穿透促进剂的浓度范围可以是吸收/穿透促进剂基于活性成分质量的10-10000质量百分比。穿透促进剂与活性成分的比率可以明显改变,并且将毫无疑问受要求实现的药理学结果支配。原则上,期望的是使用尽可能少的吸收促进剂。然而,更优选地,穿透促进剂的范围为总组合物的0.01-15%。
在本发明的最优选的实施方式中,配制组合物,以使其在涂布3分钟内在皮肤上干燥。以此方式,将组合物驱动到皮肤上,以在皮肤中形成生理活性剂的储藏部,我们所发现这在增强血液水平方面特别有效,而没有与涂布区中的高局部皮下水平相关的不期望的效果。在药效方面,一旦在皮肤中创建了活性剂的储器,活性剂的输送基本上就是“恒稳态”。
优选地,组合物的干燥时间小于3分钟。可以通过在试管内试验或在活的有机体内试验来确定干燥时间。适当的试管内试验涉及:在室温(大致20℃)下将10μl的样品放置在干净的载波片上,并使用4个十进制位分析天平来测量媒质停止蒸发的时间。可以对三次重复试验的所得干燥时间求平均。
对于在活的有机体内的干燥时间测量,向三个受治疗者的掌前臂(32℃)涂布10μL,并且通过触摸和视觉确认(没有可见表面媒介或发光)来测量干燥时间。
优选地,组合物是非封闭的,因为广义上,组合物没有被皮肤捕获;或者依靠修补装置、固定的储藏部、涂布腔、胶带、绑带、橡皮膏等,皮肤没有接近大气,组合物以延长的时间长度保留在皮肤上涂布的位点。这样的装置对于佩戴者将会是不舒服的,或者可以是窘迫的或难看的。
在一个实施方式中,组合物看上去像洗液。在该环境中,使用“洗液”的广义含义,而不是更具体的公式化含义(即表示活性剂的混合相或悬浮液)。组合物通常是纯粹的溶液,但是具有增大的粘度,使得其粘度更近似于通常与洗液相关的粘度。优选地,组合物的粘度大于水的粘度,而小于大约300厘泊。不同实施方式中的粘度在10至200、20至100或30至50厘泊。
不受任何理论限制,申请人相信,组合物中的粘度调节剂和/或穿透促进剂用于使排汗最小化,并且挥发性载体用于通过载体的杀菌活性来抑制细菌并因此抑制体味。
在一个实施方式中,组合物基本上由均如上所述的一种生理活性剂;一种挥发性溶剂;以及一种粘度调节剂组成。优选地,组合物还包括如上所述的穿透促进剂。在一个实施方式中,粘度调节剂是止汗剂,并且组合物可选地还包括除臭剂。这些实施方式中的可以包括或不包括水。
在另一个实施方式中,组合物可以包括至少一种附加的活性剂和/或至少一种附加的非活性剂。在不同的实施方式中,组合物不包括药草浸液(或类似成分),不管是否作为生理活性剂。
可以将组合物以多种形式中的任一种涂布在受治疗者的皮肤上,包括但不限于涂布到受治疗者的腋窝。合适的形式包括例如洗液、乳剂、凝胶、泡沫、膏体、溶液、喷雾、气溶胶、辊上(rollon)等。可以以闭合或不闭合的方式来涂布组合物。优选地,以非封闭的方式涂布组合物,在最优选的实施方式中,以公式化的方式涂布作为洗液、凝胶、乳剂、泡沫或粘性溶液的组合物。通常,组合物的特性使得通过本发明的工具其可以被容易地分配并涂布。通过添加对活性剂具有惰性的合适载体、赋形剂和触变剂来配制组合物,以有助于分配和涂布组合物,并由此向皮肤输送组合物,以对活性剂进行透皮施用。
组合物还可以包括另外的成分,这些另外的成分将有助于其制备成适于涂布到受治疗者腋窝的形式。另外成分的实施例包括但不限于表面活性剂、缓冲剂、溶剂和推进剂。
在一个实施方式中,组合物包括挥发性载体(即异丙醇)、穿透促进剂(即水杨酸盐)、活性剂(即睾酮)和增稠剂即(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)。这些可以遵照下面的百分比:
体积比为30%的载体;
质量/体积比为8%的促进剂;
质量/体积比为1%的活性剂;
质量/体积比为2%的增稠剂;
体积为10%的无菌水;以及
平衡乙醇。
在一个实施方式中,本发明利用基本上由6种以上成分按比例组成的透皮给药组合物。
下面陈述的其它活性剂也是预期用于该组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,组合物还可以包括第二活性剂,用于向组合物提供另外的使用益处。第二活性剂可以选择以上所列活性剂中的任意一种,或者可以是药草浸液和/或化妆用剂(诸如,寿斑和角质去除剂、抗衰老剂、抗氧化剂和羟基酸)。
优选地,第二活性剂是抗真菌剂。真菌感染通常发生在身体中较多发热和出汗的区域中。
在又一个实施方式中,组合物还可以包括一种或多种非活性剂。这样的非活性成分可以被称作“添加剂”。这类添加剂的示例包括但不限于保湿剂、除臭剂、止汗剂、PH调节剂、防腐剂、乳化剂、栓塞剂(包括但不限于药膏和薄膜形成器)、加溶剂、着色剂和表面活性剂(包括但不限制于阴离子表面活性剂)。
在又一个实施方式中,本发明提供了一种向受治疗者进行生理活性剂的透皮施用的方法,该方法包括:
提供以上所述的工具;
向储藏部涂布包括生理活性剂的液体;以及
使包含液体的储器的壁抵靠受治疗者的皮肤变形,并优选地在至少一个腋窝中的皮肤表面区域上涂布液体。当涂布液体时,该储器优选地用于保持工作表面与处理表面接触。
该方法可以用于输送预定量的活性剂和/或充足的活性剂,以实现活性剂的预定血流水平或浓度。对于一些活性剂(例如,半衰期短的活性剂),对所输送的活性剂的量的其他测量也是适当的。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了生理活性剂在制造用于通过用上述工具涂布到受治疗者的至少一个腋窝的皮肤来治疗受治疗者的药物的用途。该药物优选地用于治疗或防止通过活性剂可治疗或可防止的状况。
参照下面的实施例来描述本发明。要理解的是,本实施例是以本发明示例的方式提供,不限制本发明的范围。
实施例
诸如图5和图6中的工具的上述工具,可以用于将WO2006/128255中实施例1的组合物涂布到男性或女性人类的至少一个腋窝处,以治疗由缺乏系统性睾酮血水平引起的状况。
WO2006/128255中的实施例1的组合物包含按以指定质量计的量的成分。
成分 | 用途 | 浓度 |
水杨酸辛酯USP | 穿透促进剂 | 8%w/v |
聚维酮USP | 增稠剂 | 1-5% |
净化水USP | 媒介 | 10%v/v |
异丙醇USP | 媒介 | 30%v/v |
醇USP | 媒介 | 至100%v/v |
在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,可以将各种更换、修改和/或添加引入到之前描述的部分的构造和布置中。更具体地来说,实施方式中任意一个的特征可以添加到其它实施方式,从而产生将多于一个实施方式的特征组合的工具。
Claims (32)
1.一种用于向处理表面涂布液体量的工具,该工具包括支撑装置,所述支撑装置上面安装有储器,所述储器限定开口的顶部的储藏空间,所述储藏空间通过该开口的顶部容纳所述液体量,所述储器具有可弹性变形的基底和与所述基底一体地由柔性薄膜形成的壁,所述壁基本上横向于所述基底并且具有工作表面,在将液体涂布于所述处理表面时,所述液体通过所述开口的顶部离开所述储藏空间并且通过所述工作表面涂布在所述处理表面上,其中所述壁和所述基底可弹性变形,所以在使用中当涂布所述液体时所述工作表面保持与所述处理表面接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工具,其中所述储器包括铰链结构,用于使所述壁能够相对于所述基底运动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的工具,其中,所述铰链结构与所述基底和所述壁一体地形成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的工具,其中,所述支撑装置可释放地附接于所述储器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的工具,其中,所述支撑装置与所述储器的至少所述壁相比相对刚硬,以使得当涂布所述液体时,至少所述壁可相对于所述支撑装置运动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的工具,其中,所述壁包括裙部,所述裙部的下边缘附接于所述支撑装置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的工具,其中,所述支撑装置可拆卸地连接到分配装置,所述分配装置能操作以将所述液体量分配到所述储器中。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的工具,其中,所述壁包括位于所述裙部和所述基底之间的内部。
9.根据权利要求8所述的工具,其中,所述内部从所述基底以大于或等于90°的角度从所述基底延伸,并且所述内部从所述基底到所述工作表面是连续的。
10.根据权利要求9所述的工具,其中,至少所述内部包括多个通道,所述多个通道提供所述液体从所述储藏空间到所述处理表面的通路。
11.根据权利要求10所述的工具,其中,所述壁是城堡形部分。
12.根据权利要求11所述的工具,其中,所述城堡形部分位于所述内部和所述裙部之间,且每个通道的出口端分隔每个城堡形部分。
13.根据权利要求11所述的工具,其中,所述工作表面受限于所述城堡形部分。
14.根据权利要求12所述的工具,其中,所述工作表面受限于所述城堡形部分。
15.根据权利要求8所述的工具,其中,所述工作表面沿着所述壁在所述内部和所述裙部之间延伸。
16.根据权利要求15所述的工具,其中,所述工作表面覆盖所述壁的所述内部。
17.根据权利要求16所述的工具,其中,所述工作表面覆盖所述壁的所述裙部。
18.根据权利要求16所述的工具,其中,所述工作表面基本上是凸起的。
19.根据权利要求6所述的工具,其中,所述裙部从所述支撑装置向着所述工作表面向外张开。
20.根据权利要求8所述的工具,其中,所述裙部基本上平行于所述内部。
21.根据权利要求1所述的工具,其中,所述处理表面是用户的皮肤。
22.根据权利要求21所述的工具,其中,所述处理表面是所述用户的皮肤的腋窝区域。
23.一种液体组合物中的生理活性剂的透皮施用的系统,所述系统包括:
容器,该容器包含所述液体组合物,所述液体组合物包括所述生理活性剂;
分配装置,该分配装置用于输送来自所述容器的液体组合物;以及
涂布器,该涂布器用于向皮肤区域涂布所述液体组合物,以进行透皮施用,所述涂布器包括限定开口的顶部的储藏空间的储器,所述储藏空间通过所述开口的顶部容纳来自所述容器的液体量,所述储器具有可弹性变形的基底和可弹性变形的壁,所述壁与所述基底一体地由柔性薄膜形成,所述壁基本上横向于所述基底并具有工作表面,所述工作表面用于将所述液体组合物涂布在所述皮肤表面的区域上。
24.根据权利要求23所述的系统,其中,所述组合物包括穿透促进剂。
25.根据权利要求24所述的系统,其中,所述穿透促进剂从由以下物质组成的组选择:脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、脂肪醇、乙二醇和乙二醇酯、1,3-二氧戊环和1,3-二氧杂环乙烷、含至少12个碳原子的大环酮、噁唑烷酮和噁唑烷酮衍生物、羟基-2-(N,N-二基取代胺)-链烷酸酯、(N,N-二基取代胺)-烷醇链烷酸酯、遮光剂酯及其混合物。
26.根据权利要求24所述的系统,其中,所述穿透促进剂是辛基二甲基-对-氨基苯甲酸、辛基对-甲氧基肉桂酸、辛基水杨酸盐中的一个或混合物。
27.根据权利要求24所述的系统,其中,所述组合物包括按重量计占总组合物1%至15%的穿透促进剂。
28.根据权利要求23所述的系统,其中,所述组合物包括按重量计占40%至90%的挥发性溶剂,所述挥发性溶剂从由以下物质组成的组中选择:乙醇、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、丙酮、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲基乙基酮、戊烷、氯仿、二甲醚、R134a及其混合物。
29.根据权利要求23所述的系统,其中,所述组合物包括粘度调节剂,用于提供比水大并且小于300厘泊的粘度。
30.根据权利要求23所述的系统,其中,所述生理活性剂包括从由雌激素、助孕素和雄激素构成的组中选择的至少一种激素。
31.根据权利要求23所述的系统,其中,所述生理活性剂是选自睾酮及其衍生物中的雄激素。
32.根据权利要求23所述的系统,其中,所述组合物包括止汗剂和/或除臭剂。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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US88448207P | 2007-01-11 | 2007-01-11 | |
US60/884,482 | 2007-01-11 | ||
PCT/AU2007/000138 WO2008083423A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2007-02-12 | Spreading implement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN101636194A CN101636194A (zh) | 2010-01-27 |
CN101636194B true CN101636194B (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
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CN2007800496999A Expired - Fee Related CN101636194B (zh) | 2007-01-11 | 2007-02-12 | 涂布工具 |
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US (5) | US8177449B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2106272A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5114496B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101301116B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101636194B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2007343579B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0720945A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2674661C (zh) |
EA (1) | EA015473B1 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1136228A1 (zh) |
IN (1) | IN2009KN02397A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2009007366A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ578883A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008083423A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200904568B (zh) |
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- 2007-02-12 EA EA200900987A patent/EA015473B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-02-12 IN IN2397KON2009 patent/IN2009KN02397A/en unknown
- 2007-02-12 JP JP2009545034A patent/JP5114496B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2007-02-12 EP EP07701469A patent/EP2106272A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-02-12 WO PCT/AU2007/000138 patent/WO2008083423A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-02-12 AU AU2007343579A patent/AU2007343579B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-02-12 NZ NZ578883A patent/NZ578883A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-02-26 US US11/678,673 patent/US8177449B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2010
- 2010-03-24 HK HK10103094.7A patent/HK1136228A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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2012
- 2012-05-04 US US13/464,556 patent/US8419307B2/en active Active
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2013
- 2013-03-15 US US13/836,056 patent/US8807861B2/en active Active - Reinstated
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2014
- 2014-06-27 US US14/317,412 patent/US9289586B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2016
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Patent Citations (4)
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US1925019A (en) * | 1932-04-19 | 1933-08-29 | Wilson William | Surface treating device |
CN1188623A (zh) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-07-29 | 莱雅公司 | 用于易碎产品的涂敷器及带有该涂敷器的涂敷装置 |
CN1308499A (zh) * | 1998-06-30 | 2001-08-15 | 宝洁公司 | 用于将物质涂布并分配到目标表面上的涂布器 |
US6945723B1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2005-09-20 | L'oréal | Packaging and application device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20080170904A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
JP2010515490A (ja) | 2010-05-13 |
HK1136228A1 (en) | 2010-06-25 |
US9289586B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
EA015473B1 (ru) | 2011-08-30 |
EP2106272A4 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
US20150088080A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
JP5114496B2 (ja) | 2013-01-09 |
US8177449B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
ZA200904568B (en) | 2010-09-29 |
EA200900987A1 (ru) | 2009-12-30 |
US8807861B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
US20130211350A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
NZ578883A (en) | 2012-05-25 |
WO2008083423A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
AU2007343579B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
US8419307B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 |
KR20090110324A (ko) | 2009-10-21 |
AU2007343579A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
MX2009007366A (es) | 2009-07-16 |
KR101301116B1 (ko) | 2013-09-03 |
EP2106272A1 (en) | 2009-10-07 |
BRPI0720945A2 (pt) | 2012-12-25 |
CA2674661A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
CA2674661C (en) | 2016-10-11 |
CN101636194A (zh) | 2010-01-27 |
IN2009KN02397A (zh) | 2015-08-07 |
US20160303359A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
US20120220959A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
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