CN101541796B - 用于mch-1介导的疾病的取代的二氮杂-螺-吡啶酮衍生物 - Google Patents
用于mch-1介导的疾病的取代的二氮杂-螺-吡啶酮衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101541796B CN101541796B CN2007800420542A CN200780042054A CN101541796B CN 101541796 B CN101541796 B CN 101541796B CN 2007800420542 A CN2007800420542 A CN 2007800420542A CN 200780042054 A CN200780042054 A CN 200780042054A CN 101541796 B CN101541796 B CN 101541796B
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有拮抗黑色素聚集激素(MCH)活性特别是MCH-1活性的通式(I)的芳基和杂芳基取代的二氧杂-螺-吡啶酮衍生物,
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及芳基和杂芳基取代的二氧杂-螺-吡啶酮衍生物,其具有拮抗黑色素聚集激素(melanin-concentrating hormone,MCH)活性,特别是MCH-1活性。进一步涉及它们的制备、包含它们的组合物以及它们作为医药的用途。
发明背景
黑色素聚集激素(MCH)是一种环状19-氨基酸多肽,它主要由广泛放射到整个中枢神经系统(CNS)中的下丘脑神经元产生(J.Comp.Neurol.(1992)319,218-245)。MCH通过两种称为MCH-1和MCH-2的G蛋白-偶联的受体介导其作用(综述于Doggrell,2003)。虽然在啮齿类动物中仅表达MCH-1受体,但人和灵长类动物表达MCH-1和MCH-2受体(Genomics(2002),79,785-792)。最初,MCH-1受体被认为是一种用于治疗肥胖症的有价值的靶标,因为MCH促进啮齿类动物的摄食行为(Nature(1996),380,243-247)。然而,最近显示,在啮齿类动物中,MCH-1拮抗作用产生抗焦虑和抗抑郁的一面(Nat.Med.(2002)8,825-830;Neuropharmacology(2004),46,457-467;Neuropsychopharmacology(2006),31(1),112-120;Neuropsychopharmacology(2006),31(6),1135-1145)。因此,目前一般认为,MCH受体特别是MCH-1受体是一种用于治疗情感谱群障碍的良好靶标(Eur.J.Neuroscience(2000)12,1194-1216)。
MCH-1受体mRNA和蛋白分布在各种下丘脑核群中,包括室旁核和若干边缘结构中,它们均与情绪和应激的调节有关(Eur.J.Neuroscience(2000)12,1194-1216)。此外,在伏核壳中检测到密集的标记(J Comp.Neurol.(2001)435,26-40)。直接将MCH注射到室旁核中,发现会增加血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)并改变睡眠结构(Verret et al.2003,BMC Neurosci 4∶19)。MCH还包括从下丘脑外植体释放的促肾皮素释放因子(CRF),这是一种对MCH-1受体拮抗剂的阻断敏感的作用(J.Neuroendrocrinol.(2003)15,268-2729)。因此,看来MCH-1受体的刺激 会通过增加CRF释放造成下丘脑-脑垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的活化。将MCH注射到伏核壳(在该伏核壳中MCH-1受体是丰富的)会增加小鼠强迫游泳的不动性,显示出抑郁性行为增加(Soc.Neurosci.Abstr.(2004)763.9)。此外,Borowsky et al.(Nat.Med.(2002)8,825-830)报道MCH-1拮抗剂SNAP-7941在啮齿类动物试验中显示出抗抑郁-和抗焦虑-样作用,支持了MCH-1受体在抑郁和焦虑中的作用。
背景技术
目前大量的公司积极地从事MCH-1拮抗剂的开发,并且已有广泛的结构类型报道于许多专利出版物中,它们大多与食物摄取和能量消耗有关(Expert Opin.Ther.Patents(2005)15(10))。大多数报道的MCH-拮抗剂结合有由连接子结合的碱性中心和两个(杂)芳族部分。WO2005/085200(Banyu Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd)公开了用作MCH-1拮抗剂的吡啶酮、嘧啶酮和哒嗪酮。WO 2003/033480、WO 2003/033476和WO2005/05042541(Glaxo Group Limited)、WO 2004/024702(BoehringerIngelheim Pharma GMBH & Co.KG)和WO 2005/103039(NeurocrineBiosciences Inc.)公开了用作MCH-1拮抗剂的不同的二环杂环化合物,例如噻吩并嘧啶-4-酮-、苯并嘧嘧啶-4-酮-和邻苯二甲酰亚胺(phtalimide)-衍生物。WO 2003/097047和WO 2005/040157(Eli Lilly andCompany)以及WO 2005/070925(Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH)报道了用作MCH-1拮抗剂的芳族5-元环杂环化合物例如噁唑-和噁二唑-衍生物。WO 2004/011438和WO 2005/070898(Aventis PharmaDeutschland GMBH)公开了作为MCH-1拮抗剂的二芳基-取代的环状脲衍生物。
发明描述
本发明的目标是提供针对黑色素聚集(MCH)受体特别是针对MCH-1受体特别是作为拮抗剂的具有结合亲和性的化合物。
此外,已发现本发明化合物显示出非常低或没有hERG-通道相互作用,这种相互作用是不希望的,但是现有化合物大多伴有这种相互作用。因此,就它们基本上缺乏hERG-通道相互作用以及它们缺乏QT-延长而言,本发明化合物优于现有化合物。
实现此目的是通过新颖的通式(I)的取代的二氧杂-螺-吡啶酮衍生物
其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐、其N-氧化物形式或其季铵盐,其中:
A是式(II)的原子团
其中
k、l、m、n各自相互独立地是等于0、1、2、3或4的整数,条件是(k+l)和(m+n)等于2、3、4或5;其中所述-CH2-部分的一个可以被O代替;并且其中所述-CH2-部分的每个可以被氧代取代;
X是CH或N;
R3选自氢、C1-5烷基、C3-6环烷基和C1-5烷氧基羰基;
R4、R5各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代、甲酰基、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;
p是等于0、1、2或3的整数;
q是等于0、1、2或3的整数;
Y1、Y3各自相互独立地选自单键、O、NR7、S、SO和SO2;其中R7选自氢和C1-3烷基;
Y2是饱和或不饱和的、直线或分支的C1-6-烃原子团,其中一个或多个氢原子可以任选被选自以下的原子团代替:卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代和甲酰基;
B是包含0、1、2或3个氮原子的6-元环,其任选被r个取代基R6取代,所述R6各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代、甲酰基、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;并且其中r是等于0、1或2的整数;或者两个取代基R6可以组合成原子 团-CH2CH2CH2-或-OCH2O-;
烷基是具有指定碳原子数的直线或分支的饱和烃原子团;其中该原子团可任选在一个或多个碳原子上被一个或多个选自以下的原子团取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代和甲酰基;
芳基是萘基或苯基,各自任选被1、2或3个各自相互独立地选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代、甲酰基、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;
卤素是氟、氯、溴或碘。
在本申请的框架中,″本发明化合物″表示通式(I)的化合物、其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐、其N-氧化物形式或其季铵盐。
本发明还涉及药物组合物,其包含药学可接受的载体或稀释剂以及作为活性成分的治疗有效量的本发明化合物,特别是式(I)化合物、其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐、其N-氧化物形式或其季铵盐。
本发明还涉及在有需要的个体中预防和/或治疗对MCH受体的拮抗作用特别是对MCH-1受体的拮抗作用响应的障碍或疾病的方法,其包括给所述个体施用本发明化合物或药物组合物的步骤。在一项实施方案中,所述障碍或疾病选自精神病障碍其包括但不限于焦虑,进食障碍,心境障碍例如双相性精神障碍和抑郁,精神病例如精神分裂症,和睡眠障碍;肥胖症;糖尿病;性功能障碍;和神经障碍。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物作为医药的用途,以及用于制备预防和/或治疗对MCH受体的拮抗作用特别是对MCH-1受体的拮抗作用响应的障碍或疾病的医药的用途。
特别地,本发明涉及本发明化合物用于制备预防和/或治疗以下病情的医药的用途:精神病障碍其包括但不限于焦虑,进食障碍,心境障碍例如双相性精神障碍和抑郁,精神病例如精神分裂症,和睡眠障碍。此外,所述化合物可以用于治疗肥胖症、糖尿病、性功能障碍和神经障碍。
本发明化合物,特别是根据式(I),还可适宜作为上文所列疾病的追加治疗或组合治疗和/或预防,特别是用于精神病障碍的预防和/或治疗,与抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和/或抗精神病药组合,所述抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和/或抗精神病药是目前可得的或者在开发中或者其在未来会成为可得的,特别是用以改善作用的效能和/或起效。在啮齿类动物模型中评价了它,在该模型中抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和/或抗精神病药显示出有效。 例如,评价了化合物与抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和/或抗精神病药组合以减弱应激诱导的体温过高。
因此本发明还涉及本发明化合物与一种或多种选自抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和抗精神病药的其它化合物的组合的用途;涉及一种药物组合物,其包含本发明化合物和一种或多种选自抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和抗精神病药的其它化合物;以及涉及制备此药物组合物的方法。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与一种或多种选自降低脂质化合物的其它化合物的组合以预防和/或治疗肥胖症的用途;涉及一种药物组合物,其包含本发明化合物和一种或多种选自降低脂质化合物的其它化合物,;以及涉及制备此药物组合物的方法。
发明详述
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中k、l、m、n各自相互独立地是等于0、1、2或3的整数,条件是(k+l)和(m+n)等于2、3或4。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中A选自原子团(a-1)、(a-2)、(a-3)、(a-4)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-7)、(a-8)、(b-1)、(b-2)、(b-3)、(b-4)、(b-5)、(b-6)、(b-7)、(b-8)、(b-9)、(b-10)、(c-1)、(c-2)、(c-3)、(c-4)、(c-5)、(c-6)、(c-7)、(c-8)、(d-1)、(d-2)、(d-3)、(d-4)、(d-5)、(d-6)、(e-1)、(e-2)、(e-3)、(e-4)、(e-5)、(e-6)、(f-1)、(f-2)、(f-3)和(f-4),如下文所示,其中所述-CH2-部分的一个可以被O代替;并且其中所述-CH2-部分的每个可以被氧代取代。
在本申请的框架中,应理解,上述原子团可以从右到左或从左到右并入式(I)中,即该原子团的每一端均可以连接式(I)中的原子团R3或芳基/杂芳基-原子团。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中A选自(a-1)、(b-1)、(b-3)、(b-5)和(c-2)。
在另一实施方案中,在式(II)原子团中的所述-CH2-部分的一个被-O-代替的情况下,A是式(cc-2)的原子团,如下文所示。
在另一实施方案中,当式(II)原子团中的所述-CH2-部分的一个被氧代取代时,A是(aa-1)或(bb-1)的原子团,如下文所示。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中R3选自氢、C3-6环烷基和C1-5烷基,特别是选自氢、C3-5环烷基和C1-3烷基,特别是选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基和环丙基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中X是碳-H或氮。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中各个R4和R5相互独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中p是0或1。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中q是0。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中Y1和Y3各自相互独立地选自单键和O。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中Y2选自-CH2-、-CH2CH2-和-CH=CH-。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中B选自苯基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基和三嗪基;特别是选自苯基、吡啶基和哒嗪基;特别地B是苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中B被一个卤素取代基取代,特别是被氟或卤素取代。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中所述的部分B-Y1-Y2-Y3选自原子团(a1-1)至(d1-5),其如下文所列,其任选被r个取代基R6取代,所述R6各自相互独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代、甲酰基、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;并且其中r是等于1或2的整数;或者两个取代基R6可以组合成原子团-CH2CH2CH2-或-OCH2O-。
在另一实施方案中,所述的部分B-Y1-Y2-Y3选自原子团(a1-2)、(a1-3)和(a1-5),其任选被r个取代基R6取代,所述R6各自相互独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代、甲酰基、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;并且其中r是等于1或2的整数;或者两个取代基R6可以组合成原子团-CH2CH2CH2-或-OCH2O-。
在进一步的实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中适用一个或多个呈组合或单独的以下限定条件:
-k、l、m、n各自相互独立地是等于0、1、2或3的整数,条件是(k+l)和(m+n)等于2、3或4;
-A选自原子团(a-1)、(a-2)、(a-3)、(a-4)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-7)、(a-8)、 (a-9)、(a-10)、(a-11)、(b-1)、(b-2)、(b-3)、(b-4)、(b-5)、(b-6)、(b-7)、(b-8)、(b-9)、(b-10)、(c-1)、(c-2)、(c-3)、(c-4)、(c-5)、(c-6)、(c-7)、(c-8)、(d-1)、(d-2)、(d-3)、(d-4)、(d-5)、(d-6)、(e-1)、(e-2)、(e-3)、(e-4)、(e-5)、(e-6)、(f-1)、(f-2)、(f-3)和(f-4),其中所述-CH2-部分的一个可以被O代替;并且其中所述-CH2-部分的每个可以被氧代取代;或者
-A选自(a-1)、(b-1)、(b-3)、(b-5)和(c-2);或者
-A是式(cc-2)的原子团;或者
-A是(aa-1)或(bb-1)的原子团;
-R3选自氢、C3-6环烷基和C1-5烷基,特别是选自氢、C3-6环烷基和C1-3烷基,特别是选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基和环丙基;
-X是碳-H;
-各R4和R5相互独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;
-p是0或1;
-q是0;
-Y1和Y3各自相互独立地选自单键和O;
-Y2选自-CH2-、-CH2CH2-和-CH=CH-;
-B选自苯基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基和三嗪基;特别是选自苯基、吡啶基和哒嗪基;特别是B为苯基;
-B被一个卤素取代基取代,特别是被氟或卤素取代;
-B-Y1-Y2-Y3选自原子团(a1-1)至(d1-5),其任选被r个取代基R6取代,所述R6各自相互独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代、甲酰基、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;并且其中r是等于1或2的整数;或者两个取代基R6可以组合成原子团-CH2CH2CH2-或-OCH2O-;或者
-B-Y1-Y2-Y3选自原子团(a1-2)、(a1-3)和(a1-5),其任选被r个取代基R6取代,所述R6各自相互独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代、甲酰基、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;并且其中r是等于1或2的整数;或者两个取代基R6可以组合成原子团-CH2CH2CH2-或-OCH2O-。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中
A选自(a-1)、(b-1)、(b-3)、(b-5)和(c-2),
X是CH或N;
R3选自氢、C3-6环烷基和C1-5烷基;
R4、R5各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;
p是等于0或1的整数;
q是等于0的整数;
所述的部分B-Y1-Y2-Y3选自原子团(a1-2)、(a1-3)和(a1-5),其任选被r个取代基R6取代
R6是卤素取代基;并且其中r是等于1或2的整数。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中
A选自(a-1)、(b-1)、(b-3)、(b-5)和(c-2),
X是CH或N;
R3选自氢、C3-5环烷基和C1-3烷基;
R4、R5各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;
p是等于0或1的整数;
q是等于0的整数;
Y1、Y3各自相互独立地选自单键或O;
Y2是饱和或不饱和的、直线或分支的C1-6-烃原子团;和
B是苯基,其任选被一个卤素取代基R6取代。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物,其中
A选自(a-1)或(b-1);
X是CH;
R3是甲基;
R4、R5各自相互独立地选自氢或卤素;
p是等于0或1的整数;
q是等于0的整数;
Y1是单键;
Y3是O;
Y2是CH2;和
B是苯基。
在本申请的框架中,烷基是具有指定碳原子数的直线或分支的饱和烃原子团,也就是说,当指明C1-3烷基时,该烷基原子团可以含有1至3个碳原子;或者当指明C1-5烷基时,该烷基原子团可以含有1至5个碳原子。每个原子团可任选在一个或多个碳原子上被一个或多个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代和甲酰基。优选的,烷基是甲基、乙基、丙基或异丙基。包含在该范围内的其它例如是羟甲基、1-羟乙基、1-羟丙基、氟甲基、二氟甲基和三氟甲基。
在本申请的框架中,作为基团或者基团部分的C3-6环烷基定义为具 有3至6个碳原子的环状饱和烃原子团,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。C3-6环烷基可任选在一个或多个碳原子上被一个或多个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代和甲酰基。
在本申请的框架中,芳基是萘基或苯基,各自任选被1、2或3个各自相互独立地选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代、甲酰基和C1-3烷氧基。
在本申请的框架中,卤素是选自氟、氯、溴、碘的取代基。优选的,卤素是氟、氯或溴。
在本申请的框架中,除非另有说明,键可以是任何的键,包括共价键、单键、双键、叁键、配位键和氢键。
药学可接受的酸加成盐定义为包括治疗有效的无毒性酸加成盐形式,其是式(I)化合物能够形成的。所述盐可通过用适宜的酸处理式(I)化合物的碱形式而获得,该适宜的酸例如无机酸如氢卤素特别是盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸和磷酸;有机酸例如乙酸、羟基乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、枸橼酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、环拉酸、水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸和巴莫酸。
相反,所述酸加成盐形式可以通过用适宜的碱处理而转化成游离碱形式。
含有酸性质子的式(I)化合物还可以通过用适宜的有机碱和无机碱处理而转化成治疗有效的无毒性金属或胺加成盐形式(碱加成盐)。适宜的碱盐形式包括,例如,铵盐,碱金属盐和碱土金属盐特别是锂盐、钠盐、钾盐镁盐和钙盐,与有机碱成的盐例如苄星青霉素(benzathine)盐、N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺盐、海巴胺(hybramine)盐,以及与氨基酸例如精氨酸和赖氨酸成的盐。
相反,所述盐形式可以通过用适宜的酸处理而转化成游离形式。
用于本申请框架内的术语加成盐还包括溶剂合物,该溶剂合物是式(I)化合物及其盐能够形成的。此溶剂合物例如是水合物或醇合物。
式(I)化合物的N-氧化物形式表示包括式(I)化合物,其中一个或若干个氮原子被氧化成所谓的N-氧化物,特别是那些N-氧化物,其中一个或多个叔氮(例如哌嗪基或哌啶基原子团的)被N-氧化。此类N-氧化物可 以容易地通过熟练技术人员获得而不需要任何创造性技能,并能它们对于式(I)化合物显然是供选方案,因此这些化合物是通过摄取之后在人体内氧化形成的代谢物。正如通常已知的,氧化通常药物代谢中涉及的第一步骤(Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry,1977,pages 70-75)。正如还通常已知的,化合物的代谢形式还可以施用于人而不是施用化合物本身,多数具有相同的作用。
根据本领域已知的用于将三价氮转化成其N-氧化物形式的操作,式(I)化合物可以转化成相应的N-氧化物形式。所述N-氧化反应通常可以通过使式(I)化合物与适宜的有机或无机过氧化物反应而进行。适宜的无机过氧化物包括,例如,过氧化氢,碱金属或碱土金属过氧化物例如过氧化钠、过氧化钾;适宜的有机过氧化物可包括过氧酸类例如,过氧化苯甲酸(benzenecarboperoxoic acid)或者卤素取代的过氧化苯甲酸如3-氯过氧化苯甲酸,过氧烷酸如过氧乙酸,烷基过氧化氢如叔丁基过氧化氢。适宜的溶剂例如是水,低级烷醇如乙醇等,烃类如甲苯,酮类如2-丁酮,卤化的烃类如二氯甲烷,以及此类溶剂的混合物。
式(I)化合物的季铵盐定义为,所述化合物能够通过式(I)化合物的碱性氮与适宜的季铵化试剂反应而形成,所述季铵化试剂例如任选取代的烷基卤化物、芳基卤化物或芳基烷基卤化物,特别是甲基碘和苄基碘。具有良好的离去基团的其它反应物也可以使用,例如三氟甲磺酸烷基酯类、甲磺酸烷基酯类和对甲苯磺酸烷基酯类。季铵盐具有至少一个正电荷氮。药学可接受的平衡离子包括氯、溴、碘、三氟乙酸根和乙酸根离子。
本发明还包括药理活性的本发明化合物特别是根据式(I)化合物的衍生物(通常称为“前药”)其在体内降解,产生本发明化合物。前药通常(但不是一定)在靶受体处比它们所降解的化合物的效能低。当所需化合物具有使其施用困难或无效的化学或物理性质时,前药是特别有用的。例如,所需化合物可能是仅有非常差的溶解度,其穿过粘膜上皮可能差,或者其可能具有不希望的短的血浆半衰期。前药的进一步讨论可见于Stella,V.J.et al.,“Prodrugs”,Drug Delivery Systems,1985,pp.112-176,以及Drugs,1985,29,pp.455-473。
药理学活性的本发明化合物的前药形式通常为具有被酯化或酰胺化的酸基团的式(I)化合物、其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐、其N-氧化物 形式或其季铵盐。在此类酯化酸基团中包括的是式-COORx的基团,其中Rx是C1-6烷基、苯基、苄基或以下基团之一:
酰胺化基团包括式-CONRyRz的基团,其中Ry是H、C1-6烷基、苯基或苄基,并且Rz是-OH、H、C1-6烷基、苯基或苄基。具有氨基基团的本发明化合物可以用酮或醛例如甲醛而被衍生化以形成Mannich碱。此碱在水溶液中以一级动力学水解。
在本申请的框架中,本发明化合物当然预期包括它们的全部的立体化学异构形式。用于本文的术语“立体化学异构形式”定义为式(I)化合物可能具有的所有可能的立体化学异构形式。除非另有提及或指出,化合物的化学命名表明所有可能的立体化学异构形式的混合物,所述混合物含有基本分子结构的所有非对映体或对映体。更特别地,立体中心可具有R-或S-构型;二价环状(部分)饱和的原子团上的取代基可具有顺式-或反式-构型。包括双键的化合物在所述双键处可具有E或Z-立体化学。因此,式(I)化合物的立体化学异构形式将包括在本发明范围内。
根据CAS命名法规定,当已知绝对构型的两个立体中心存在于分子中时,R或S符号指定(根据Cahn-Ingold-Prelog顺序规则)为最低编号的手性中心为参比中心。第二立体中心的构型使用相对符号[R*,R*]或[R*,S*]来指定,其中R*通常特指为参比中心,并且[R*,R*]指定具有相同手性的中心,而[R*,S*]表示不相同的手性。例如,如果分子中的最低编号的手性中心具有S构型并且第二中心为R,则立体符号将特指为S-[R*,S*]。如果使用“α”和“β”:具有最小环原子数的环系统中的不对称碳原子上的最高优先取代基的位置通常断定为在由该环系统确定的中间平面的“α”位上。相对于参比原子上的最高优先取代基的位置而言,对于在该环系统中的其它不对称碳原子上的最高优先取代基的位置(式(I)化合物中的氢原子)命名,如果它在由该环系统确定的中间平面的同一侧则命名为“α”,或者,如果它在由该环系统确定的中间平面的另一侧则命名为“β”。
在本申请的框架中,本发明化合物当然预期包括其化学元素的所有同位素组合。在本申请的框架中,化学元素,特别是当与式(I)化合物有关而提及时,包括此元素所有同位素和同位素混合物,既可以是天然存在的也可以是合成产生的,既可以具有天然丰度也可以呈同位素富集形式。特别地,当提及氢时,应理解为指的是1H、2H、3H及其混合物;当提及碳时,应理解为指的是11C、12C、13C、14C及其混合物;当提及氮时,应理解为指的是13N、14N、15N及其混合物;当提及氧时,应理解为指的是14O、15O、16O、17O、18O及其混合物;以及当提及氟时,应理解为指的是18F、19F及其混合物。
因此本发明化合物当然包括具有一种或多种元素的一种或多种同位素及其混合物的化合物,包括放射性化合物,其还称为放射标记化合物,其中一个或多个非放射性原子被其放射性同位素之一代替。术语″放射标记化合物″表示任何式(I)化合物、其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐、其N-氧化物形式或其季铵盐,其含有至少一个放射性原子。例如,化合物可以用正电子或用γ线发射的放射性同位素标记。对于放射配体结合技术(膜受体分析),3H-原子或125I-原子是选择用于替换的原子。对于影像术,最常用的正电子发射(PET)放射性同位素是11C、18F、15O和13N,它们全部是加速器产生的,并且分别具有20、100、2和10分钟的半衰期。由于这些放射性同位素的半衰期如此之短,唯一可行的是将它们用于在它们产生的地点具有加速器的机构,因此限制了它们的应用。最广泛使用的那些是18F、99mTc、201Tl和123I。这些放射性同位素的处理、它们的生产、分离和掺入到分子中是本领域技术人员已知的。
特别地,放射性原子选自氢、碳、氮、硫、氧和卤原子。优选的,放射性原子选自氢、碳和卤原子。
特别地,放射性同位素选自3H、11C、18F、122I、123I、125I、131I、75Br、 76Br、77Br和82Br。优选的,放射性同位素选自3H、11C和18F。
制备
本发明化合物通常可以通过连续步骤来制备,各步骤对于熟练技术人员而言是已知的。特别地,吡啶酮衍生物可以根据以下制备方法的一种或多种来制备。
铜偶合反应是这样进行的:在铜盐例如Cu(OAc)2存在下、在非质子性溶剂例如DCE中、在胺或胺N-氧化物例如吡啶或NMO存在下、在常规温度下,通过常规加热或在微波辐射下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在180℃下、在微波辐射下达15min。钯偶合反应是这样进行的:在非质子性溶剂例如甲苯中、在钯催化剂例如Pd(AcO)2存在下、以及在作为碱的tBuOK和配体如BINAP存在下、在常规温度下,通过常规加热或在微波辐射下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在100℃下、在常规加热下达24小时。
当A-R3是酰胺时,该偶合反应是这样进行的:在非质子性溶剂例如二氧杂环己烷或DMF中、在CuI、N,N-二甲基乙二胺和作为碱的K3PO4存在下、在常规温度下,通过常规加热或在微波辐射下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在175℃下、在微波辐射下达20分钟。
当氨基基团用保护基团保护时,通过公知的合成方法进行脱保护反应。氨基基团到不同衍生物的转化可以通过熟练技术人员公知的合成方法进行。
此外,吡啶酮衍生物可以根据方案1B所述操作制备。
铜偶合反应是这样进行的:在非质子性溶剂例如二氧杂环己烷或 DMF中、在CuI、作为配体的N,N-二甲基乙二胺和无机碱如K3PO4存在下、在常规温度下,通过常规加热或在微波辐射下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在175℃下、在微波辐射下达20分钟。
邻位取代的苯基衍生物可以根据方案2制备。
Hal-原子团是卤原子例如Br或I。X可以是OH、Br或I。铜偶合反应是这样进行的:在非质子性溶剂例如二氧杂环己烷或DMF中、在CuI、作为配体的N,N-二甲基乙二胺和无机碱如K3PO4存在下、在常规温度下,通过常规加热或在微波辐射下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在175℃下、在微波辐射下达20分钟。
OH-活化可以这样进行:通过三氟甲磺酸盐(triflate),在三氟甲磺酸酐或1,1,1-三氟-N-苯基-N-[(三氟甲基)磺酰基]-甲烷氨磺酰存在下、在非质子性溶剂例如DCM或THF中,在常规温度下达到反应完全。钯偶合反应是这样进行的:在非质子性溶剂例如甲苯或三氟甲苯中、在钯催化剂如Pd(AcO)2存在下、在碱如tBuOK或Cs2CO3以及需要时任选的配体如BINAP或xantphos存在下、在常规温度下,通过常规加热或在微波辐射下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在100℃下、在常规加热下达24小时。
具有除苄基氧基以外的取代基的本发明化合物是根据方案3A、方案3B制备的。
铜偶合反应是这样进行的:在铜盐如Cu(OAc)2存在下、在非质子性溶剂例如DCE中、在胺或氨N-氧化物如吡啶或NMO存在下、在常规温度下,通过常规加热或在微波辐射下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在180℃下、在微波辐射下达15min。
卤化是这样进行的:在三溴氧磷(phosphorus oxybromide)或三氯氧磷(phosphorus oxychloride)存在下、在非质子性溶剂例如DCE中,在常规温度下通常在150℃下在微波辐射下反应完全。
烷基化是这样进行的:在有机碱如无机碱如NaH或1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳烯-7存在下、在非质子性溶剂例如DME、CH3CN或DMF中,在常规温度下反应完全,特别是在120℃下、在微波辐射下达10分钟。钯偶合反应是这样进行的:在非质子性溶剂例如甲苯或二氧杂环己烷中、在钯催化剂如Pd(AcO)2或Pd(PPh3)4存在下、在碱如tBuOK或无机碱水溶液Na2CO3以及有时需要时的配体如BINAP存在下、在常规温度下,通过常规加热或在微波辐射下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在100℃下、在常规加热下达24小时。
其它化合物是根据方案3B合成的。
铜偶合反应是这样进行的:在铜盐如Cu(OAc)2存在下、在非质子性溶剂例如DCE中、在胺或氨N-氧化物如吡啶或NMO存在下、在常规温度下,通过常规加热或在微波辐射下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在180℃下、在微波辐射下达15min。
还原是这样进行的:在质子性溶剂例如MeOH中、在还原剂如硼氢化钠存在下,在室温下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在室温下达30min。
Mitsunobu型反应可以这样进行:在膦如三苯膦、偶氮二羧酸酯衍生物如偶氮二甲酸二乙酯存在下、在非质子性溶剂如THF中,在常规温度下达到确保反应完全的时间,例如在微波辐射下100℃达5分钟。
钯偶合反应是这样进行的:在非质子性溶剂例如甲苯中、在钯催化剂如Pd(AcO)2存在下、在作碱的tBuOK以及配体如BINAP存在下、在常规温度下,通过常规加热或在微波辐射下达到确保反应完全的时间,特别是在100℃下、在常规加热下达24小时。
药理学
本发明化合物特别是式(I)化合物、其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐、其N-氧化物形式或其季铵盐令人惊奇地显示具有针对MCH-受体特别是针对MCH-1受体具有结合亲和性,特别是作为拮抗剂。
就它们的上述效能而言,本发明化合物适用于疾病的预防和/或治疗,其中MCH-受体特别是MCH-1受体的拮抗作用是治疗上有用的。特别地,本发明化合物可适用于治疗和/或预防精神病障碍,该精神病障碍包括但不限于:
-焦虑,其包括但不限于广场恐怖症;广泛性焦虑症;强迫症;强制性障碍;惊恐性障碍;社交恐怖症;和应激如创伤后应激;
-注意力缺陷/多动症;
-孤独症;
-心境恶劣;
-进食障碍,其包括但不限于食欲缺乏;狂食;和神经性贪食症;
-冲动控制障碍;
-精神发育迟缓,其包括但不限于脆性X染色体综合征;
-心境障碍,其包括但不限于激动;双相性精神障碍如双相情感障碍、双相性精神障碍(I)、双相性精神障碍(II)、轻躁狂和躁狂症;抑郁如严重抑郁症和自杀性抑郁症;季节性心境障碍;和自杀;
-月经前期综合征,其包括但不限于病理性心境恶劣;
-精神病,其包括但不限于进攻性精神病;药物诱发的精神病;情感分裂性精神障碍;精神分裂症如妄想、紧张症、紧张型精神分裂症、错乱型精神分裂症、偏执型精神分裂症、残余型精神分裂症和精神分裂症样精神障碍;和睡眠障碍如继发性睡眠障碍;
-睡眠障碍,其包括但不限于昼夜节律性障碍;睡眠过度;失眠症;发作性睡病和睡眠呼吸暂停;
-口吃;和
-暴力。
此外,本发明化合物可用于治疗性功能障碍、神经障碍以及特别是肥胖症和糖尿病。
因此本发明涉及用作医药的通式(I)的化合物、其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐、其N-氧化物形式或其季铵盐。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物用于制备预防和/或治疗这样的疾病的医药的用途,该疾病中所述MCH-受体的拮抗作用特别是MCH-1受体的拮抗作用是治疗上有用的。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物用于制备预防和/或治疗以下病情的医药的用途:焦虑,进食障碍,心境障碍例如双相性精神障碍和抑郁,精神病例如精神分裂症,和睡眠障碍。此外,本发明化合物可用于治疗性功能障碍和神经障碍,特别是肥胖症和糖尿病。
组合治疗
本发明化合物特别是式(I)化合物可以以上文所列疾病中作为追加治疗和/或预防共同施用。
特别是本发明化合物特别是式(I)化合物可以可以与抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和/或抗精神病药组合共同施用,所述抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和/或抗精神病药是目前可得的或者在开发中或者其在未来会成为可得的,特别是用以改善作用的效能和/或起效。将会理解,本发明化合物和一种或多种其它药物可以作为组合制剂存在供同时、分别或顺次用于预防和/或治疗抑郁和/或焦虑。此类组合制剂可以是,例如呈成对包装的形式。将会理解,本发明化合物和一种或多种其它药物可以作为分离的药物组合物同时或相继施用。
因此本发明涉及本发明的药物组合物,其特征为其进一步包含一种或多种选自抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和抗精神病药的其它化合物。
抗抑郁药的适宜种类包括去甲肾上腺素重吸收抑制剂、选择性5-羟色胺重吸收抑制剂(SSRI)、单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI)、单胺氧化酶可逆抑制剂(RIMA)、5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素重吸收抑制剂(SNRI)、去甲肾上腺素能和特异性5-羟色胺能抗抑郁药(NaSSA)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)拮抗剂、α-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂和非典型性抗抑郁药。
去甲肾上腺素重吸收抑制剂的适宜实例包括阿米替林、氯米帕明、多塞平、丙米嗪、曲米帕明、阿莫沙平、地昔帕明、马普替林、去甲替林、普罗替林、瑞波西汀及其药学可接受的盐。
选择性5-羟色胺重吸收抑制剂的适宜实例包括氟西汀、氟伏沙明、帕罗西汀、舍曲林及其药学可接受的盐。
单胺氧化酶抑制剂的适宜实例包括异卡波肼、苯乙肼、反苯环丙胺、司来吉兰及其药学可接受的盐。
单胺氧化酶可逆抑制剂的适宜实例包括吗氯贝胺及其药学可接受的盐。
5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素重吸收抑制剂的适宜实例包括文拉法辛及其药学可接受的盐。
适宜的非典型性抗抑郁药包括丁氨苯丙酮、锂、奈法唑酮、曲唑酮、维洛沙秦、西布曲明及其药学可接受的盐。
其它适宜的抗抑郁药包括阿地唑仑、阿拉丙酯、阿米庚酸、阿米替林/氯氮 组合、阿替美唑、azamianserin、巴嗪普令、苯呋拉林、二苯美伦、双胺苯吲哚、比培那醇、溴法罗明、丁氨苯丙酮、卡罗沙酮、西文氯胺、氰帕明、西莫沙酮、西酞普兰、氯美醇、氯伏胺、氮 尼尔、地阿诺、地美替林、二苯西平、二苯噻庚英、屈昔多巴、乙非辛、艾司唑仑、依托哌酮、非莫西汀、酚加宾、非唑拉明、氟曲辛、咪唑克生、吲达品、茚洛秦、伊普吲哚、左丙替林、利托西汀、洛非帕明、美地沙明、美他帕明、美曲吲哚、米安色林、米那普仑、米那普令、米氮平、monirelin、奈拉西坦、奈福泮、尼亚拉胺、诺米芬辛、诺氟西汀、奥替瑞林、奥沙氟生、匹那西泮、pirlindone、苯噻啶、利坦色林、咯利普兰、sercloremine、司普替林、西布曲明、舒布硫胺、舒必利、替尼沙秦、托扎啉酮、thymoliberin、噻奈普汀、替氟卡宾、托芬那辛、托非索泮、托洛沙酮、托莫西汀、维拉必利、维喹啉、齐美利定和氯苯吡 及其药学可接受的盐,以及St.John′s wort草本,或者Hypericum perforatum,或其提取物。
抗焦虑药的适宜种类包括苯并二氮杂 类和5-HT1A受体激动剂或拮抗剂,特别是5-HT1A部分激动剂、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)拮抗剂、具有毒蕈碱胆碱能活性的化合物以及发挥离子通道作用的化合物。除了苯并二氮杂 类以外,抗焦虑药的其它适宜种类是非苯并二氮杂 镇静催眠药如唑吡坦;情绪稳定药如氯巴占、加巴喷丁、拉莫三嗪、氯瑞唑、oxcarbamazepine、司替戊醇和氨己烯酸;以及巴比妥类。
适宜的抗精神病药选自醋奋乃静特别是其马来酸盐;阿仑替莫特别是其氢溴酸盐;阿尔哌汀;阿扎哌隆;巴氮平特别是其马来酸盐;苯哌利多;苄吲吡林特别是其盐酸盐;溴苯噁嗪酮;溴哌利多;布他拉莫特别是其盐酸盐;布他哌嗪;丙酰奋乃静特别是其马来酸盐;卡伏曲林特别是其盐酸盐;氯丙嗪;氯普噻吨;桂哌林;辛曲胺;氯马克仑(clomacran)特别是其磷酸盐;氯哌噻吨;氯哌莫齐;氯哌帕生特别是其甲磺酸盐;氯哌隆特别是其盐酸盐;氯噻平;clothixamide特别是其马来酸盐;氯氮平;环丙奋乃静特别是其盐酸盐;氟哌利多;依他唑酯特别是其盐酸盐;非尼米特;氟西吲哚;氟甲氮平;氟奋乃静特别是其癸酸盐、庚酸盐和/或盐酸盐;氟司哌隆;氟司必林;氟曲林;吉伏曲林特别是其盐酸盐;卤培米特;氟哌啶醇;伊潘立酮;咪多林特别是其盐酸盐;仑哌隆; 洛沙平;马扎哌汀特别是其琥珀酸盐;美索达嗪;甲硫平;咪仑哌隆;米利哌汀;吗茚酮特别是其盐酸盐;萘拉诺特别是其盐酸盐;奈氟齐特特别是其盐酸盐;奥卡哌酮;奥氮平;奥哌咪酮;五氟利多;喷硫平特别是其马来酸盐;奋乃静;匹莫齐特;哌氧平特别是其盐酸盐;匹泮哌隆;哌西他嗪;哌泊噻嗪特别是其棕榈酸盐;匹喹酮特别是其盐酸盐;丙氯拉嗪特别是其乙二磺酸盐;丙氯拉嗪特别是其马来酸盐;丙嗪特别是其盐酸盐;喹硫平;瑞莫必利;利培酮;林卡唑特别是其盐酸盐;氯氟哌醇特别是其盐酸盐;舍吲哚;司托哌隆;螺哌隆;舒必利;硫利达嗪;替沃噻吨;氯丙嗪;硫哌立酮特别是其盐酸盐;替螺酮特别是其盐酸盐;三氟拉嗪特别是其盐酸盐;三氟哌多;三氟丙嗪;齐拉西酮特别是其盐酸盐;及其混合物。
本发明化合物特别是式(I)化合物还可以与降脂药结合使用,由此导致所谓的组合降脂治疗法以治疗肥胖症。所述另外的降脂药可以是,例如,惯常用于治疗高脂血症的已知药物,例如胆汁酸多价螯合剂树脂、纤维酸(fibric acid)衍生物或烟酸,如前文在发明背景中提及的。适宜的另外的降脂药还包括其它胆固醇生物合成抑制剂以及胆固醇吸收抑制剂,尤其是HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂和HMG-CoA合成酶抑制剂,HMG-CoA还原酶基因表达抑制剂,CETP抑制剂,ACAT抑制剂,角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂,CB-1拮抗剂,胆固醇吸收抑制剂如依泽替米贝,等等。
任何HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂均可以在本发明组合治疗方面用作所述第二化合物。术语″HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂″如本文使用的,除非另有说明,指的是这样的化合物,其抑制由酶HMG-CoA还原酶催化的羟甲基戊二酰基-辅酶A到甲羟戊酸的生物转化。此类″HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂″是,例如,洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、氟伐他汀、普伐他汀、立伐他汀(rivastatin)和阿托伐他汀。
任何HMG-CoA合成酶抑制剂均可以在本发明组合治疗方面用作所述第二化合物。术语″HMG-CoA合成酶抑制剂″如本文使用的,除非另有说明,指的是这样的化合物,其抑制由酶HMG-CoA合成酶催化的从乙酰辅酶A和乙酰乙酰辅酶A生物合成羟甲基戊二酰基-辅酶A。
任何HMG-CoA还原酶基因表达抑制剂均可以在本发明组合治疗方面用作所述第二化合物。这些药物可以是阻断DNA转录的HMG-CoA还原酶转录抑制剂,或者防止编码HMG-CoA还原酶的mRNA翻译成蛋 白质的翻译抑制剂。此类抑制剂既可以直接影响转录和翻译,又可以通过一种或多种酶在胆固醇生物合成级联中生物转化成具有上述属性的化合物,还可导致具有上述活性的代谢物的蓄积。
任何CETP抑制剂均可以在本发明组合治疗方面用作所述第二化合物。术语″CETP抑制剂″如本文使用的,除非另有说明,指的是这样的化合物,其抑制从HDL到LDL和VLDL的各种胆固醇酯和甘油三酸酯的胆固醇脂转移蛋白(CETP)介导的转运。
任何ACAT抑制剂均可以在本发明组合治疗方面用作所述第二化合物。术语″ACAT抑制剂″如本文使用的,除非另有说明,指的是这样的化合物,其抑制由酶酰基CoA:胆固醇酰基转移酶的膳食胆固醇的细胞内酯化。
任何角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂均可以在本发明组合治疗方面用作所述第二化合物。术语″角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂″如本文使用的,除非另有说明,指的是这样的化合物,其抑制由酶角鲨烯合成酶催化的两种焦磷酸法呢酯的分子缩合形成角鲨烯。
药物组合物
本发明还涉及药物组合物,其包含药学可接受的载体或稀释剂以及作为活性成分的治疗有效量的本发明化合物特别是式(I)化合物、其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐、其N-氧化物形式或其季铵盐。
本发明化合物特别是式(I)化合物、其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐、其N-氧化物形式或其季铵盐、或任意亚组或其组合可以配制成不同的用于施药目的的药物形式。作为适宜的组合物,可以引用所有通常使用的组合物以用于全身施用药物。
为了制备本发明的药物组合物,将作为活性成分的有效量的具体化合物,其任选呈加成盐形式,与药学可接受的载体组合成致密混合物,该载体可以采用广泛多样的形式,这取决于期望施用的制剂的形式。这些药物组合物希望呈单一剂型,其特别地适用于经口、经直肠、经皮、经胃肠外注射或经吸入施用。例如,在制备呈口服剂型的组合物时,可以使用任何常用的药用介质,例如,在口服液体制剂如混悬剂、糖浆剂酏剂、乳剂和溶液剂的情况下如水、二醇类、油类、醇类等;或者在粉剂、丸剂、胶囊剂和片剂的情况下的固体载体如淀粉、糖、高岭土、稀 释剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等。由于它们易于施用,片剂和胶囊剂代表了最有利的口服剂量单位形式,在此情况下固体药用载体是明显适用的。对于胃肠外组合物,载体将通常包括无菌水,虽然可以包括其它组分例如为了助溶,但无菌水是是呈大部分的。例如,可以制备可注射溶液剂,其中的载体包括盐水溶液、葡萄糖溶液或盐水溶液与葡萄糖溶液的混合物。还可以制备可注射混悬剂,在此情况下可以使用适宜的液体载体、悬浮剂等。还包括提固体形式的制剂,其意欲在临用前转化成液体形式剂型。在适用于经皮施用的组合物中,载体任选包括渗透促进剂和/或适宜的润湿剂,任选与较小比例的任何性质的适宜添加剂组合,该添加剂不会产生对皮肤的显著有害作用。所述添加剂可促进给皮肤的施药,和/或可有助于制备需要的组合物。这些组合物可以以各种方式施用,例如,以透皮贴片、斑点剂(spot-on)、软膏剂施用。
为了易于施用和剂量均一,配配制前述呈单位剂型的药物组合物是特别有利的。本文使用的单位剂型是指适合作为单一剂型的物理上分离的单元,每个单元含有预定量的活性成分(其经计算会产生需要的治疗作用)以及需要的药用载体。此类单位剂型的实例是片剂(包括刻痕片或包衣片)、胶囊剂、丸剂、粉末包装剂、糯米纸囊剂(wafers)、栓剂、可注射溶液剂或混悬剂等,以及它们的隔离多重组。由于本发明化合物是有效的口服可施用多巴胺拮抗剂,包含所述化合物的供口服施用的药物组合物是特别有利的。
由已经提及的,本发明还涉及一种药物组合物,其包含本发明化合物和一种或多种选自抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗精神病药和降脂药的其它化合物,还涉及此组合物用于制备医药的用途。
以下实施例意欲用于说明,而不是限制本发明的范围。
试验部分
在本申请的各处,″THF″表示四氢呋喃;″DMF″表示N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;″EtOAc″表示乙酸乙酯;“DCM”表示二氯甲烷;″DME″表示1,2-二甲氧基乙烷;″DCE″表示1,2-二氯乙烷;“DIPE”表示二异丙醚;″DMSO″表示二甲基亚砜;“DIPEA”表示二异丙基乙胺;“DIAD”表示偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯;“TEMPO”表示2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基自由基;“BINAP”表示2,2′-二(二苯基膦)-1,1′-二萘基;“TFA”表示三氟乙酸;“Xantphos”表 示4,5-二(二苯基膦)-9,9-二甲基呫吨;“BOC”表示叔丁氧基羰基;″NMO″表示N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物。
微波辅助反应是在单一形式反应器中进行的:EmrysTM Optimizer微波反应器(Personal Chemistry A.B.,currently Biotage)或InitiatorTM Sixty(Biotage)。此两设备的描述可见于www.biotage.com。以及多模式反应器:MicroSYNTH Labstation(Milestone,Inc.)。该设备的描述可见于 www.milestonesci.com。
A.制备中间体化合物
A1.制备中间体化合物I-1
向4-苄基氧基-2(1H)-吡啶酮(1g,5.0mmol)在DCE(20ml)中的溶液中加入4-溴苯基硼酸(2g,12.0mmol)、Cu(OAc)2(1.82g,10.0mmol)、吡啶(1.51ml,20.0mmol)和分子筛 (2g)。将反应混合物在微波辐射下在180℃下加热15min。滤出固体。将滤液用NH4OH水溶液处理。分离有机层,干燥(Na2SO4),再蒸发溶剂。将所得残余物通过柱色谱法用DCM100至DCM/EtOAc 4∶1纯化,得到中间体化合物I-1(230mg,13%)。
A2.制备中间体化合物I-2
将4-苄基氧基-2(1H)-吡啶酮(0.5g,0.0025mol)、4-溴-2-甲氧基苯酚 (0.67g,0.0033mol)、CuI(0.48g,0.0025mol))、N,N′-二甲基乙二胺(0.53ml,0.0050mol)和K3PO4(1.06g,0.0050mol)在二氧杂环己烷/DMF(4/1;10ml)中的混合物在180℃下在微波炉中加热15分钟。接着在微波中重复加热15分钟。滤出固体,再将滤液用DCM洗涤。向滤液中加入NH4OH溶液(32%)。分离有机层,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法纯化。收集需要的级分,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物用DIPE沉淀,得到中间体化合物I-2(31%)。
A3.制备中间体化合物I-3
将中间体化合物I-2(0.76g,0.0033mol)、1,1,1-三氟-N-苯基-N-[(三氟甲基)磺酰基]-甲烷氨磺酰(1.18g,0.0033mol)和K2CO3(1.38g,0.01mol)在THF(20ml)中的混合物在微波中在120℃下加热15分钟。滤出固体,再用DCM洗涤。蒸发滤液。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶(洗脱液:DCM/EtOAc 100/0,9/1和4/1)纯化。收集需要的级分,再蒸发溶剂。产率:0.9g的中间体化合物I-3(60%)。
中间体化合物I-3还可以通过将三氟甲磺酸酐(1.1eq)在0℃下添加至中间体化合物I-2、Et3N和作为溶液的DCM中的混合物中而获得。在此情况下,将该混合物在室温下搅拌2小时至完全反应。
A4.制备中间体化合物I-4
将I-1(534mg,0.0015mol)和POBr3(1.72g,0.006mol)在1,2-DCE(7.5ml)中的混合物在微波中在150℃下搅拌20分钟。然后加入Na2CO3(水饱和溶液)、DCM和MeOH。搅拌反应混合物直到获得溶液的澄清混合物。然后加入分离有机层,干燥(Na2SO4),再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶纯化(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/EtOAc;9/1)。此后,将该残余物用DIPE处理,得到0.375g的中间体化合物I-4(76%)为固体。
A5.制备中间体化合物I-5
在0℃下向在DME(1.5ml)中的NaH 60%(55mg,0.00136mol)中滴加4-氟苄醇(0.149ml,0.00136mol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌15分钟。然后加入在DME(1.5ml)中的I-4(225mg,0.00068mol)。将反应混合物在微波中在120℃下搅拌10分钟。然后,加入NH4Cl(10%)和DCM。分离有机层,干燥(Na2SO4),再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶纯化(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/EtOAc 9/1和4/1),得到0.193g的中间体化合物I-5(76%)。
A6.制备中间体化合物I-6
将2-羟基-4-吡啶甲醛(123mg,0.001mol)、4-溴苯基硼酸(400mg,0.002mol)、Cu(OAc)2(18mg,0.0001mol)、吡啶(162ml,0.002mol)、TEMPO(172mg,0.0011mol)和分子筛在DCM(2ml)中的混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。然后,将固体通过硅藻土垫过滤,再将滤液用Na2CO3(水饱和溶液)处理。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/EtOAc;9/1),得到0.180g的中间体化合物I-6(65%)。
A7.制备中间体化合物I-7
在0℃下向中间体I-6(180mg,0.00065mol)在甲醇(5ml)中的混合物中加入硼氢化钠(30mg,0.00078mol)。将反应在室温下搅拌30分钟。然后加入NH4Cl(水饱和溶液)。将该混合物用DCM萃取。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物用DIPE沉淀,得到0.170g的中间体化合物I-7(93%)。
A8.制备中间体化合物I-8
将化合物I-7(170mg,0.00061mol)、苯酚(87mg,0.00092mol)、DIAD(181ml,0.00092mol)和三苯膦(241mg,0.00092mol)在THF(2ml)中的混合物在微波中在100℃下搅拌10分钟。分离溶剂,再将残余物通过柱色谱法(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/EtOAc 9/1)纯化。然后将残余物用DIPE处理,得到0.151g的中间体化合物I-8(70%)。
A9.制备中间体化合物I-9
A mixture of compound化合物I-4(150mg,0.00045mol)、反式-2-苯乙烯基硼酸(66mg,0.00045mol)和Pd(PPh3)4(27mg,0.000023mol)在脱氧二氧杂环己烷(1ml)和Na2CO3饱和水溶液(1ml)在微波中在150℃下搅拌10分钟。然后加入DCM和H2O。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/EtOAc;9/1和4/1)纯化,得到0.040g的中间体化合物I-9(25%)。
A10.制备中间体化合物I-10
将2,5-二溴吡啶(474mg,0.0002mol)、2,7-二氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷-7-甲酸,1,1-二甲基乙酯(CAS:896464-16-7,500mg,0.00019mol)、DIPEA(2ml)在乙腈(1ml)中的混合物在175℃下、在微波辐射下加热10分钟。然后加入DCM和Na2CO3(水饱和溶液)。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,再将滤液浓缩。将残余物通过快速色谱法(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/EtOAc 4∶1)纯化,获得375mg的中间体化合物I-10(52%)。
A11.制备中间体化合物I-11
将4-苄基氧基-2(1H)-吡啶酮(50mg,0.0025mol)、2-溴-5-碘甲苯(1.13g,0.0038mol)、CuI(0.238g,0.0015mol)、N,N-二甲基乙二胺(0.266ml,0.0025mol)和K3PO4(1.06g,0.005mol)在二氧杂环己烷/DMF 9∶1(75ml)中的混合物在180℃下在微波中搅拌15分钟。然后加入DCM。通过代卡利特(dicalite)滤出固体,再将滤液用NH4OH 32%洗涤。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,再蒸发溶剂。将残余和通过柱色谱法(洗脱液:DCM)纯化。收集需要的产物,蒸发。将所得产物用DIPE沉淀,得到0.737g的中间体化合物I-11(80%)。
B.制备最终化合物
B1.制备最终化合物1-5
向中间体化合物I-1(0.000561mol)在甲苯(3ml)中的混合物中在N2气氛下加入2,7-二氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷-7-甲酸,1,1-二甲基乙酯(CAS:896464-16-7,0.00078mol)、Pd(OAc)2(0.0000267mol)、BINAP(0.000042mol)和最后的tBuONa(0.00168mol)。将该混合物在密封管中回液过滤。然后,将H2O加至该混合物中,再用DCM萃取。将有机层过滤,经Na2SO4干燥,浓缩。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶纯化(10g填实桶;洗脱液:DCM和DCM/(CH3OH/NH3);10%至30%),获得0.189g的BOC-保护的化合物(67%)。将该化合物(0.00717mol)溶解于TFA(14ml)和DCM(28.8ml)中。再将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。浓缩溶剂,再将残余物在冰浴中用NaOH 50%中和。将有机相用DCM萃取,经Na2SO4干燥,蒸发。将残余物通过短柱色谱法经硅胶(洗脱液:DCM/CH3OH;9.5/0.5和DCM/(CH3OH(NH3);从9.5/0.5至9/1)纯化,得到1.08g的化合物1-5(49%)。
B2.制备最终化合物1-11
将中间体化合物I-1(0.00084mol)、1-氧代-2,7-二氧杂-螺[3.5]壬烷-7-甲酸叔丁酯(024g,0.0010mol)、CuI(0.16g,0.00084mol)、N,N-二甲基乙二胺(0.0016mol)和K3PO4(0.35g,0.0016mol)在二氧杂环己烷/DMF 9∶1(75ml)中的混合物在175℃下在微波中搅拌20分钟。然后加 入DCM。通过代卡利特滤出固体,再将滤液用NH4Cl(水饱和溶液)洗涤,分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发溶剂,获得0.433g的BOC-保护的化合物。将此粗产物(0.000969mol)溶解于TFA(2ml)和DCM(4ml)中。再将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。此后,将反应用Na2CO3(饱和水溶液)在冰冷浴条件下中和。将有机相用DCM萃取,经Na2SO4干燥,蒸发。将残余物通过短柱色谱法经硅胶纯化(5g),再用乙醚洗涤,得到0.270g的化合物1-11(67%)。
B3.制备最终化合物2-1
将中间体化合物I-11(185mg,0.0005mol)、2,7-二氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷-7-甲酸,1,1-二甲基乙酯(CAS:896464-16-7,171mg,0.00065mol)、Pd(OAc)2(11mg,0.00005mol)、BINAP(23mg,0.0375mmol)和tBuONa(144mg,0.0015mol)在甲苯(2.5ml)中的混合物在N2气氛下搅拌,并在100℃下加热24小时。加入过量的Pd(OAc)2和BINAP,同时将反应加热24小时以上。然后加入DCM。将固体通过硅藻圭滤出,再蒸发滤液。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶纯化(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/EtOAc;9/1和DCM/丙酮9/1和4/1),得到0.175g的BOC-保护的化合物。将此化合物溶解于TFA(1ml)和DCM(2ml),再将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。然后加入Na2CO3(饱和水溶液)。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH 95/5和DCM/(CH3OH/NH3);95/5)纯化。将残余物用乙醚处理,得到0.089g的化合物2-1(62%)。
B4.制备最终化合物2-2
将中间体化合物I-3(228mg,0.0005mol)、2,7-二氮杂螺[3.5]-壬烷-7-甲酸,1,1-二甲基乙酯(CAS:896464-16-7,171mg,0.00065mol)、Pd(OAc)2(11mg,0.00005mol)、Xantphos(58mg,0.0001mol)和Cs2CO3(407mg,0.00125mol)在三氟甲苯(3.0ml)中的混合物在N2气氛下搅拌,并在100℃下加热24小时。然后加入DCM。将固体通过硅藻土滤出,再蒸发滤液。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/EtOAc;9/1和DCM/丙酮9/1和4/1)纯化,得到0.130g的BOC-保护的化合物。将此化合物溶解于TFA(1ml)和DCM(2ml)中,再将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。然后加入Na2CO3(饱和水溶液)。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶(洗脱液:DCM(MeOH)95/5和DCM/(CH3OH/NH3);95/5)纯化。将残余物用乙醚处理,得到0.0366g的化合物2-2(35%)。
B5.制备最终化合物3-2
将中间体化合物I-5(0.190g,0.00051mol)、2,7-二氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷-7-甲酸,1,1-二甲基乙酯(CAS:896464-16-7,0.177g,0.00066mol)、Pd(OAc)2(58mg,0.000026mol)、BINAP(24mg,0.000038mol)和tBuONa(147mg,0.00153mol)在在脱氧甲苯(4ml)中的混合物在100℃下加热过 夜。然后加入DCM。滤出固体,再蒸发滤液。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/丙酮;9/1和4/1)纯化,得到0.202g的BOC-保护的化合物。将此化合物(0.202g,0.00039mol)溶解于TFA(2ml)和DCM(4ml)中,再在,再在室温下搅拌2小时。然后加入Na2CO3(饱和水溶液)。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶(洗脱液:DCM(MeOH)95/5和DCM/(CH3OH/NH3);9/1)纯化。然后将残余物用DIPE处理,得到0.098g的化合物3-2(60%)。
B6.制备最终化合物3-1
将中间体化合物I-9(0.040g,0.00011mol)、2,7-二氮杂螺[3.5]]-壬烷-7-甲酸,1,1-二甲基乙酯(CAS:896464-16-7,0.037g,0.00014mol)、Pd(OAc)2(12mg,0.0000055mol)、BINAP(5mg,0.0000083mol)和 tBuONa(0.00033mol)在甲苯(1ml)中的混合物在N2气氛下搅拌并在100℃下加热过夜。然后加入DCM。通过硅藻土滤出固体,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/丙酮9/1)纯化,得到0.050g的BOC-保护的胺(91%)。将该产物溶解于TFA(0.5ml)和DCM(1ml)的混合物中,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。然后加入Na2CO3(水饱和溶液)。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶(洗脱液:DCM(CH3OH)95/5和DCM/(CH3OH/NH3);1/1)纯化。将残余物用DIPE处理,得到0.017g的化合物3-1(43%)。
B7.制备最终化合物3-3
将中间体化合物I-8(304mg,0.00085mol)、2,7-二氮杂螺[3.5]]-壬烷-7-甲酸,1,1-二甲基乙酯(CAS:896464-16-7,289mg,0.0011mol)、Pd(OAc)2(10mg,0.000043mol)、BINAP(40mg,0.000064mol)和tBuONa(245mg,0.00255mol)在甲苯(5ml)中的混合物在100℃下加热24小时。然后加入DCM。将固体通过硅藻土垫过滤。蒸发滤液,经MgSO4干燥,再将残余物通过柱色谱法(洗脱液:DCM和DCM/丙酮;9/1)纯化,得到0.430g的BOC-保护的胺。将此化合物溶解于TFA(2ml)和DCM(4ml)中再将该混合物在室温下振荡摇2小时。然后加入Na2CO3(饱和水溶液)。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物用乙醚处理,得到0.278g的化合物3-3(81%)。
B8.制备最终化合物4-1
将4-苄基氧基-2(1H)-吡啶酮(187mg,0.93mmol)、中间体化合物I-10(375mg,0.93mmol)、碘化铜(177mg,0.93mmol)、N,N-二甲基乙二胺(0.198ml,1.86mmol)、磷酸钾(395mg,1.86mmol)在二氧杂环己烷∶DMF 4∶1(4ml)中的混合物在180℃下在微波辐射下加热15min。然后加入DCM。通过硅藻土垫滤出固体。将滤液用NH4OH溶液(30%) 处理。分离有机层,干燥(Na2SO4),再蒸发溶剂,得到600mg的BOC-保护的化合物。将此化合物溶解于TFA(3ml)和DCM(6ml)中,再将该混合物在室温下振摇1小时。然后加入Na2CO3(饱和水溶液)。分离有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过柱色谱法(洗脱液:DCM/CH3OH 98/5and DCM/CH3OH(NH3)9/1)纯化。收集需要的级分,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物用乙醚处理,得到0.238g的化合物4-1(64%)。
B9.制备最终化合物1-9
将化合物1-5(0.5g,1.25mmol)和1-乙氧基-1-[(三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-环丙烷(0.260ml,0.0013mol)在MeOH(甲醇;6ml)和乙酸(0.2ml)中的混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。然后加入氰基硼氢化钠(0.113g,0.0018mol)。将反应混合物在80℃下加热24小时。然后加入NaHCO3(水饱和溶液)和NH4OH(30%)。将该混合物用DCM萃取。将分离的有机层干燥(Na2SO4),再蒸发溶剂。将残余物通过快速柱色谱法经硅胶纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH 95/5和DCM/(MeOH/NH3)95/5。收集需要的级分,再蒸发溶剂。将残余物用乙醚处理,得到0.470g的化合物1-9(86%)。
B10.制备最终化合物2-4
在50℃下,对化合物2-3(2.1g,0.005mol)和多聚甲醛(paraform,0.5g)在甲醇(100ml)中的混合物用Pt/C 5%(0.5g)作为催化剂在噻吩溶液(0.5ml;4%,在DIPE中)存在下进行还原性甲基化过夜。吸收H2(1当量)以后,滤出催化剂,蒸发滤液。将残余物从CH3CN中结晶。产率:1.6g的化合物2-4(71%)。
B11.制备最终化合物1-15
将中间体化合物I-1(7.80g,0.022mol)、2,8-二氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-8-甲酸,1,1-二甲基乙酯(6g,0.025mol)、Pd(OAc)2(0.25g,0.0011mol)、BINAP(1.12g,0.0018mol)和tBuONa(2.4g,0.025mol)的混合物在N2气氛下、在油浴中、在100℃下搅拌过夜。接着将反应混合物冷却至室温,再经代卡利特过滤。将滤器用甲苯(200ml)洗涤。蒸发滤液,得到6g的粗制残余物。将滤器还用热DCM(300ml)洗涤。蒸发溶剂,得到12g的白色固体。将合并的残余物从CH3CN中结晶。获得8.3g的BOC-保护的化合物(73%)。将该BOC-保护的化合物(8.3g,0.016mol)混悬在2-丙醇(200ml)中。然后加入HCl/2-丙醇(50ml;6N),获得溶液。将该溶液加热,发生沉淀。将该混合物回流3小时,此后,将其在冰浴上冷却。滤出产物。产率:8.0g的化合物1-15(99%;.2HCl.0.8H2O)。
B12.制备最终化合物1-14
通过本领域技术人员公知的方法将第一化合物1-15转化成游离碱(其相应于化合物1-13)。然后在50℃下,对化合物1-13(1.5g,0.0036mol)和多聚甲醛(1g)在甲醇(150ml)中的混合物用Pt/C 5%(0.5g)作为催化剂在噻吩溶液(1.0ml;4%,在DIPE中)存在下还原性甲基化过夜。吸收H2(1当量)之后,滤出催化剂,再蒸发滤液。将残余物从CH3CN中结晶。滤出需要的化合物。产率:1.2g的化合物1-14(78%)。
表1至4列出了式(I)化合物,它们是根据上述实施例之一制备的。
表1
表2
表3
表4
分析部分
LCMS通用操作A
HPLC测定是使用来自Agilent Technologies的HP 1100进行的,该HP 1100包括带有脱气机的泵(四元或二元泵)、自动进样器、柱温箱、二极管阵列检测器(DAD)和各方法项下所示的色谱柱。来自柱的流体分流到MS光谱仪中。MS检测器配置有电喷射离子源。使用氮气作为雾化气体。源温度维持在140℃。用MassLynx-Openlynx软件进行数据采集。
LCMS通用操作B
HPLC测定是使用Alliance HT 2790(Waters)系统进行的,该AllianceHT 2790包括带有脱气机的四元泵、自动进样器、柱温箱(设定为40℃,除非另有说明)、二极管阵列检测器(DAD)和各方法项下所示的色谱柱。来自柱的流体分流到MS光谱仪中。MS检测器配置有电喷射离子源。使用0.1秒的采样时间,通过在1秒钟内从100扫描到1000来获取质谱。毛细管针电压为3kV,源温度维持在140℃。使用氮气作为雾化气体。用Waters-Micromass MassLynx-Openlynx数据系统进行数据采集。
LCMS通用操作C
LC测定是使用Acquity UPLC(Waters)系统进行的,该Acquity UPLC包括二元泵、样品组织器、柱加热器(设定为55℃)、二极管阵列检测器(DAD)和各方法项下所示的色谱柱。来自柱的流体分流到MS光谱仪中。 MS检测器配置有电喷射离子源。使用0.02秒的采样时间,通过在0.18秒钟内从100扫描到1000来获取质谱。毛细管针电压为3.5kV,源温度维持在140℃。使用氮气作为雾化气体。用Waters-MicromassMassLynx-Openlynx数据系统进行数据采集。
LCMS-操作1
除了通用操作A以外:反相HPLC执行于ACE-C18柱(3.0μm,4.6×30mm),其来自Advanced Chromatography Technologies,流速为1.5ml/min,40℃。使用的梯度条件是:在6.5分钟内由80%A(0.5g/l乙酸铵溶液)、10%B(乙腈)、10%C(甲醇)到50%B和50%C;在7分钟时到100%B,在7.5分钟开始平衡条件直到9.0分钟。注射体积5μl。使用0.1秒的采样时间,通过在0.5秒钟内从100扫描到750仅以正电离模式来获取高分辨质谱(飞行时间,TOF)。正电离模式的毛细管针电压为2.5kV,而锥电压为20V。亮氨酸-脑啡肽是用于锁定质量校正的标准物质。
LCMS-操作2
除了通用操作B以外:反相HPLC执行于Xterra MS C18柱(3.5μm,4.6×100mm),流速为1.6ml/min。使用三种流动相(流动相A:95%25mM乙酸铵+5%乙腈;流动相B:乙腈;流动相C:甲醇)运行梯度条件:在6.5分钟内从100%A到1%A、49%B和50%C;在1分钟内到1%A和99%B;再维持此条件达1分钟,用100%A重新平衡1.5分钟。使用10μl的注射体积。正电离模式的锥电压为10V,负电离模式的锥电压为20V。
LCMS-操作3
除了通用操作B以外:柱加热器设定为60℃。反相HPLC执行于XterraMS C18柱(3.5μm,4.6×100mm),流速为1.6ml/min。使用三种流动相(流动相A:95%25mM乙酸铵+5%乙腈;流动相B:乙腈;流动相C:甲醇)运行梯度条件:在6.5分钟内从100%A到50%B和50%C;在0.5分钟内到100%B;再维持此条件达1分钟,用100%A重新平衡1.5分钟。使用10μl的注射体积。正电离模式的锥电压为10V,负电离模式的锥电压为20V。
LCMS-操作4
除了通用操作C以外:反相UPLC(超效液相色谱法)执行于桥接的乙基硅氧烷/硅杂化物(bridged ethylsiloxane/silica hybrid,BEH)C18柱(1.7μm,2.1×50mm;Waters Acquity),流速为0.8ml/min。使用二种流动相(流动相A:0.1%甲酸H2O溶液/甲醇95/5;流动相B:甲醇)运行梯度条件:在1.3分钟内从95%A和5%B到5%A和95%B;再维持0.2分钟。使用0.5的注射体积。正电离模式的锥电压为10V,负电离模式的锥电压为20V。
熔点
对于一些化合物,使用DSC823e(Mettler-Toledo)测定熔点(m.p.)。用30℃/分钟的温度梯度测定熔点。最大温度为400℃。值为峰值。
对于一些化合物,使用DSC822e(Mettler-Toledo)测定熔点(m.p.)。用10℃/分钟的温度梯度测定熔点。最终温度设定为300℃。值为峰值。
对于一些化合物,在开口毛细管中在Mettler FP62仪上测定熔点。用10℃/分钟的温度梯度测定熔点。最大温度为300℃。值为峰值。从数字式显示器读取熔点。
获得的值具有试验性的不确定性,它们通常与此分析方法有关。
表5:分析数据-保留时间(Rt,分钟),(MH)+峰,LCMS操作和熔点(m.p.定义为熔点)。
化合物编号 | Rt | (MH)+ | LCMS 操作 | m.p.(℃) |
1-1 | 0.95 | 402 | 4 | |
1-2 | 4.95 | 430 | 2 | 141.5(DSC823e) |
1-3 | 3.81 | 432 | 1 | |
1-4 | 1.02 | 416 | 4 | |
1-5 | 3.25 | 402 | 1 | 203.2(Mettler FP 62) |
1-6 | 1.02 | 416 | 4 | |
1-7 | 3.77 | 416 | 1 | 236.3(DSC822e) |
1-8 | 3.58 | 430 | 1 | |
1-9 | 5.13 | 442 | 1 | 276.5(Mettler FP 62) |
1-10 | 2.78 | 430 | 1 | |
1-11 | 2.99 | 416 | 1 | |
1-12 | 3.35 | 402 | 1 | 231.0(DSC822e) |
1-13 | 4.71 | 416 | 3 | 189.4(DSC823e) |
1-14 | 1.05 | 430 | 4 | |
1-15 | 1.04 | 416 | 4 | |
2-1 | 3.49 | 416 | 1 | 164.6(DSC822e) |
2-2 | 3.29 | 432 | 1 | |
2-3 | 3.72 | 436 | 1 | |
2-4 | 1.01 | 450 | 4 | |
3-1 | 3.65 | 398 | 1 | |
3-2 | 3.36 | 420 | 1 | |
3-3 | 3.08 | 402 | 1 | 292.7(Mettler FP 62) |
3-4 | 4.94 | 436 | 2 | >300(Mettler FP 62) |
4-1 | 2.88 | 403 | 1 | 198.9(Mettler FP 62) |
C.药理学实施例
式(I)化合物与MCH-1受体的相互作用是在体外瞬时钙(Ca2+)流动分析中以荧光成像读板器(FLIPR)格式进行评价的(Sullivan et al.1999,Methods Mol Biol 114:125-133)。一般地,天然激动剂(MCH)与表达MCH-1受体的细胞孵化,所述MCH-1受体诱发来自内部贮存的Ca2+浓度依赖性瞬时流动。测试化合物与受体的相互作用是在竞争试验中进行评价的。将不同浓度的测试化合物加至含有表达受体细胞和次最大浓度的MCH的孵化混合物中。与其拮抗效能和其浓度呈比例的测试化合物抑制MCH-诱发的Ca2+流动。
实施例C.1:MCH-1的结合试验
细胞培养和膜制备。使稳定表达人MCH-1受体的中国仑鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)生长于达尔伯克氏改良伊格尔氏培养基(Dulbecco’s ModifiedEagles Medium,DMEM)和包含GlutamaxTM的HAM’s F12培养基(Invitrogen)的1∶1混合物中,该混合物中增补了10%热灭活胎牛血清和400μg/ml遗传霉素(geneticin)。
MCH-1受体的Ca2+流动试验。试验前24小时,将表达MCH-1受体的CHO细胞以20μl(5,000细胞/孔)接种到384-孔黑色壁、澄清底微量滴定板(Costar)中。在试验当天,加入20μl/孔钙分析试剂盒,其含有10mM probenicide(Molecular Devices)。在37℃和5%CO2下在细胞培养孵卵器中使细胞负载90min。负载之后,加入20μl的连续稀释的测试化合物,再在室温下在暗处进一步孵卵20min。20min之后,加入20μl的次最大MCH浓度,再在FLIPR III仪(Molecular devices)中直接记录细胞内钙的变化。
数据分析和结果。本发明化合物分析的数据是以不存在测试化合物中测定的总Ca2+-响应的百分数计算的。自动产生抑制曲线,即总Ca2+-响应百分数对测试化合物浓度的log值绘制,使用非线性回归拟合S型抑制曲线。测试化合物的pIC50值由各条曲线得到。
在10-6M至10-9M的测试浓度范围内,全部式(I)化合物均以浓度依赖性方式产生大于50%(pIC50)的抑制作用。
对于所选择的、覆盖了大多数的各种实施方案的式(I)化合物,体外研究结果给于表6。
表6.本发明化合物的药理学数据
化合物编号 | MCH-1 pIC50 |
1-12 | 7.6 |
1-6 | 7.6 |
2-1 | 7.6 |
2-3 | 7.6 |
3-4 | 7.6 |
1-14 | 7.5 |
1-4 | 7.5 |
1-5 | 7.5 |
2-4 | 7.5 |
2-2 | 7.4 |
3-2 | 7.4 |
1-2 | 7.3 |
1-11 | 7.3 |
1-7 | 7.2 |
1-8 | 7.2 |
3-1 | 7.2 |
4-1 | 7.2 |
1-1 | 7.1 |
1-10 | 7.1 |
1-9 | 7.0 |
1-3 | 6.9 |
3-3 | 6.3 |
实施例C.2:hERG-减少的测定
本发明化合物对hERG-介导的膜K+电流的潜在作用是以单细胞水平研究的,其中使用了单一电极、膜片钳位术(patch clamp technique)的全细胞构型(Hamill,O.P.,Marty,A.,Neher,E.,Sakmann,B.& Sigworth, F.J.(1981)Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution currentrecording from cells and cell-free membrane patches.Pflügers Archiv.391:85-100)。
HERG(人ether-à-go-go-相关基因)编码心肌细胞中的具有生物物理学性质相似于快速激活的延迟的-矫正K+电流(IKr)的钾通道(Snyders,D.J.& Chaudhary,A.(1996).High affinty open channel block bydofetilide of HERG expressed in a human cell line.MolecularPharmacology 49,949-955,以及Smith,P.L.,Baukrowitz,T.& Yellen,G.(1996).The inward rectification mechanism of the HERG cardiacpotassium channel.Nature 379,833-836)。此IKr电流有助于K+电流负责的心脏动作电位的复极化相。阻断此电流可延长动作电位持续时间,并造成长QT-综合征。QT延长的发展可导致室性心律失常的发生,该室性心律失常例如扭转型室性心动过速,其可导致突然死亡。
将使用PatchXpress 7000A系统(Axon Instruments)的自动膜片箝分析法用于评价测试物质对HERG尾电流的作用。
细胞:使用稳定转染HERG的人胚肾细胞系(HEK293)(Mohammad,S.,Zhou,Z.,Gong,Q.& January,C.T.(1997).Blockage of the HERGhuman cardiac K+channel by the gastrointestinal prokinetic agent cisapride.American Journal of Physiology 273,H2534-H2538,以及Zhou,Z.,Gong,Q.,Ye,B.,Fan,Z.,Makielski,J.C.,Robertson,G.A.& January,C.T.(1998).Properties of HERG channels stably expressed in HEK 293 cells studied atphysiological temperature.Biophysical Journal 74,230-241)。使细胞持续保持在培养物中。使用之前,制备细胞悬液,然后立即试验,将这些细胞以1000rpm离心1分钟,倾出上清液,再将细胞重新悬浮于在1.5ml埃彭道夫管中的150μl浴溶液中。
溶液:浴溶液含有137mM NaCl、4mM KCl、10mM葡萄糖、10mMHEPES、1.8mM CaCl2和1mM MgCl2(pH 7.4,用NaOH)。吸量管溶液含有130mM KCl、5mM EGTA、10mM HEPES、5mM MgATP和1mMMgCl2(pH 7.2,用KOH)。将测试化合物溶解于DMSO,获得10-2M至3×10-1M的贮备液(最终DMSO浓度:0.3、0.1或0.03%)。对照(=浴溶液+DMSO)和测试溶液(=浴溶液+DMSO+测试化合物)含有0.3%或0.1%DMSO。
记录系统:将PatchXpress系统用浴溶液和吸量管溶液预处理。将16-孔密封片(sealchip)(Sealchip 16,Aviva Biosciences Corp.)加载到该系统中,再预处理,然后在浴溶液混悬液中制备细胞。将填充细胞的埃彭道夫管置于指定位置,再开始该操作,使细胞研磨并分散到密封片的每一记录腔(孔)中。PatchXpress系统遵循常规全细胞膜片钳的一般原理。
测定:从-80mV的控制电位开始,4.8秒之后去极化到+20mV,测得HERG电流为-50mV的最大尾电流。每个数值表示来自4个连续电压脉冲的平均电流。为测定阻断的范围,将残余电流与介质预处理比较。测试化合物对HERG电流的作用是在药物应用5分钟之后测定的。如果可以观察到HERG电流的5%以上的减小,则该测试物质被认为(部分)阻断HERG电流。
对照试验:在相同条件下进行时间匹配的介质对照试验。使用阿司咪唑作为参比化合物,已知其在纳摩尔浓度下抑制HERG-介导的电流。
表7:hERG-减少值的比较
D.组合物实施例
全部这些实施例中使用的“活性成分”(a.i.)与最终式(I)化合物、其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐、其立体化学异构形式、其N-氧化物形式、其季铵盐及其前药有关。
实施例D.1:口服滴剂
在60~80℃下将500克的a.i.溶解于0.5l的2-羟基丙酸和1.5l的聚乙二醇中。冷却到30~40℃之后,加入35l的聚乙二醇,再将该混合物充分搅拌。然后加入1750克糖精钠在2.5l纯化水中的溶液,再在搅拌 下加入2.5l的可可香料,以及适量的聚乙二醇到50l体积,得到含有10mg/ml的a.i.的口服滴剂溶液。将所得溶液填充到适宜的容器中。
实施例D.2:口服溶液剂
9克4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯和1克4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯溶解于4l沸腾的纯化水中。在3l此溶液中首先溶解10克2,3-二羟基丁二酸,然后溶解20克a.i.。将后一溶液与前一溶液的剩余部分合并,再向其中加入12l的1,2,3-丙三醇和3l的70%山梨醇溶液。将40克糖精钠溶解于0.5l水中,再加入2ml红莓和2ml圆醋栗香精。将后一溶液与前一溶液合并,加水适量至20l体积,得到每茶匙(5ml)包含5mg活性成分的口服溶液剂。将所得溶液填充到适宜的容器中。
实施例D.3:薄膜包衣片剂
片芯的制备
将100克a.i.、570克乳糖和200克淀粉的混合物充分混合,然后用5克十二烷基硫酸钠和10克聚乙烯吡咯烷酮在约200ml水中的溶液润湿。将该湿的粉末混合物过筛、干燥、再次过筛。然后加入100克维晶纤维素和15克氢化植物油。将整体充分混合,再压制成片,得到10,000片,每片含有10mg的活性成分。
包衣
向10克甲基纤维素在75ml变性乙醇中的溶液中加入5克乙基纤维素在150ml的DCM中的溶液。然后加入75ml的DCM和2.5ml的1,2,3-丙三醇。将10克聚乙二醇熔融,再溶解在75ml的DCM中。将后一溶液加至前者中,然后加入2.5克硬脂酸镁、5克聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和30ml浓缩染料混悬液,再将整体匀浆。在包衣装置中用由此获得的混合物将片芯包衣。
实施例D.4:可注射溶液
将1.8克4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯和0.2克4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯溶解在约0.5l沸腾的注射用水中。冷却至约50℃后,在搅拌下加入4克乳酸、0.05克丙二醇和4克a.i.。将该溶液冷却至室温,再补充注射用水至1l,得到包含4mg/ml的a.i.的溶液。通过过滤将该溶液过滤,再填充到无菌容器中。
Claims (26)
1.式(I)化合物或其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐:
其中:
A是式(II)的基团
其中
k、l、m、n各自相互独立地是等于0、1、2、3或4的整数,条件是(k+l)和(m+n)等于2、3、4或5;其中所述-CH2-部分的一个可以被O代替;并且其中所述-CH2-部分的每个可以被氧代取代;
X是CH或N;
R3选自氢、C1-5烷基、C3-6环烷基和C1-5烷氧基羰基;
R4、R5各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、硝基、甲酰基、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;
p是等于0、1、2或3的整数;
q是等于0、1、2或3的整数;
Y1、Y3各自相互独立地选自单键、O、NR7、S、SO和SO2;其中R7选自氢和C1-3烷基;
Y2是饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的C1-6-烃基,其中一个或多个氢原子可以任选被选自以下的基团代替:卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代和甲酰基;
B是包含0、1、2或3个氮原子的6-元环,其任选被r个取代基R6取代,所述R6各自相互独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代、甲酰基、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;并且其中r是等于1或2的整数;或者两个取代基R6可以组合成基团-CH2CH2CH2-或-OCH2O-;
烷基是具有指定碳原子数的直链或支链饱和烃基;其中该基团可任选在一个或多个碳原子上被一个或多个选自以下的基团取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、氧代、羧基、硝基、硫代和甲酰基;和
卤素是氟、氯、溴或碘。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于,k、l、m、n各自相互独立地是等于1、2或3的整数,条件是(k+l)和(m+n)等于2、3或4。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于,R3选自氢、C3-6环烷基和C1-5烷基。
7.权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于,各R4和R5相互独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基。
8.权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于,p是0或1。
9.权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于,q是0。
10.权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于,Y1和Y3各自相互独立地选自单键和O。
11.权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于,Y2选自-CH2-、-CH2CH2-和-CH=CH-。
12.权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于,B是苯基。
14.权利要求1的化合物或其药学可接受的酸或碱加成盐,其中:
k、l、m、n各自相互独立地是等于1、2或3的整数,条件是(k+l)和(m+n)等于2、3或4;其中所述-CH2-部分的一个可以被O代替;并且其中所述-CH2-部分的每个可以被氧代取代;
X是CH或N;
R3选自氢、C3-6环烷基和C1-5烷基;
R4、R5各自相互独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-3烷基和C1-3烷氧基;
p是等于0或1的整数;
q是等于0的整数;
Y1、Y3各自相互独立地选自单键或O;
Y2是饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的C1-6-烃基;和
B是苯基,其任选被一个卤素取代基R6取代。
18.一种药物组合物,其包含药学可接受的载体或稀释剂以及作为活性成分的治疗有效量的权利要求1至17任一项的化合物。
19.权利要求18的药物组合物,其特征在于,其进一步包含一种或多种选自抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和抗精神病药的其它化合物。
20.权利要求18的药物组合物,其特征在于,其进一步包含一种或多种选自降低脂质化合物的其它化合物。
21.制备权利要求18至20任一项所述的药物组合物的方法,其特征在于,使药学可接受的载体与治疗有效量的权利要求1至17任一项所述的化合物充分混合。
22.制备权利要求19所述的药物组合物的方法,其特征在于,使药学可接受的载体与治疗有效量的权利要求1至17任一项所述的化合物和一种或多种选自抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和抗精神病药的其它化合物充分混合。
23.制备权利要求20所述的药物组合物的方法,其特征在于,使药学可接受的载体与治疗有效量的权利要求1至17任一项所述的化合物和一种或多种选自降低脂质化合物的其它化合物充分混合。
24.权利要求1至17任一项的化合物或权利要求18至20任一项的药物组合物在制备预防和/或治疗下列疾病的药物中的用途:精神病障碍,其选自焦虑,进食障碍和抑郁;和肥胖症。
25.权利要求1至17任一项的化合物与一种或多种选自抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药和抗精神病药的其它化合物在制备预防和/或治疗以下疾病的药物中的用途,或权利要求19的药物组合物在制备预防和/或治疗以下疾病的药物中的用途:焦虑,进食障碍和抑郁。
26.权利要求1至17任一项的化合物与一种或多种选自降低脂质化合物的其它化合物在制备预防和/或治疗肥胖症的药物中的用途,或权利要求20的药物组合物在制备预防和/或治疗肥胖症的药物中的用途。
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EP06125421 | 2006-12-05 | ||
EP06125421.5 | 2006-12-05 | ||
PCT/EP2007/063310 WO2008068265A1 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2007-12-04 | Novel substituted diaza spiro pyridinone derivatives for use in mch-1 mediated diseases |
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CN101541796B true CN101541796B (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
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EP (1) | EP2102208B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5290192B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101541796B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2007328979B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2664112C (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2483866T3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL199075A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2009005908A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2461558C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008068265A1 (zh) |
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ES2567283T3 (es) | 2008-06-03 | 2016-04-21 | Intermune, Inc. | Compuestos y métodos para tratar trastornos inflamatorios y fibróticos |
SA110310332B1 (ar) | 2009-05-01 | 2013-12-10 | Astrazeneca Ab | مركبات ميثانون (3 استبدال -ازيتيدين -1-يل )(5- فينيل -1، 3، 4- أوكساديازول -2-يل ) |
WO2010147234A1 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-23 | Banyu Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. | Diarylamide-spirodiamine derivative |
WO2011003021A1 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-06 | Albany Molecular Research, Inc. | Azinone-substituted azabicycloalkane-indole and azabicycloalkane-pyrrolo-pyridine mch-1 antagonists, methods of making, and use thereof |
WO2011003012A1 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-06 | Albany Molecular Research, Inc. | Azinone-substituted azapolycycle mch-1 antagonists, methods of making, and use thereof |
JP2012532144A (ja) | 2009-07-01 | 2012-12-13 | アルバニー モレキュラー リサーチ, インコーポレイテッド | アジノン置換アゼピノ[b]インドールおよびピリド−ピロロ−アゼピンmch−1拮抗薬、ならびにその作製方法および使用 |
WO2011003007A1 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-06 | Albany Molecular Research, Inc. | Azabicycloalkane-indole and azabicycloalkane-pyrrolo-pyridine mch-1 antagonists, methods of making, and use thereof |
ES2527466T3 (es) | 2010-07-06 | 2015-01-26 | Astrazeneca Ab | Agentes terapéuticos 976 |
WO2012088038A2 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-28 | Albany Molecular Research, Inc. | Piperazinone-substituted tetrahydro-carboline mch-1 antagonists, methods of making, and uses thereof |
US8993765B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2015-03-31 | Albany Molecular Research, Inc. | Tetrahydro-azacarboline MCH-1 antagonists, methods of making, and uses thereof |
UY34194A (es) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-02-28 | Astrazeneca Ab | ?(3-(4-(espiroheterocíclico)metil)fenoxi)azetidin-1-il)(5-(fenil)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-il)metanona en el tratamiento de la obesidad? |
CN103570630B (zh) | 2012-07-18 | 2016-04-20 | 广东东阳光药业有限公司 | 氮杂环衍生物及其在药物中的应用 |
AR092742A1 (es) | 2012-10-02 | 2015-04-29 | Intermune Inc | Piridinonas antifibroticas |
EP3126362B1 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2022-01-12 | Intermune, Inc. | Anti-fibrotic pyridinones |
MX2018000929A (es) | 2015-07-31 | 2018-05-22 | Pfizer | Derivados de 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-hidroxipropan-2-il carbamato y derivados de 1,1,1-trifluoro-4- hidroxibutan-2-il carbamato como inhibidores de magl. |
CN116082225A (zh) * | 2016-08-08 | 2023-05-09 | 北京康蒂尼药业股份有限公司 | 一种羟尼酮的制备方法 |
CN107698498A (zh) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-02-16 | 罗楹 | 一种羟尼酮的制备方法 |
JP2020506899A (ja) | 2017-01-20 | 2020-03-05 | ファイザー・インク | Magl阻害薬としての1,1,1−トリフルオロ−3−ヒドロキシプロパン−2−イルカルバマート誘導体 |
EP3571202B1 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2021-06-30 | Pfizer Inc. | Heterocyclic spiro compounds as magl inhibitors |
CN115350184A (zh) * | 2020-01-10 | 2022-11-18 | 康圣博施医药有限公司 | 药物的治疗组合以及其使用方法 |
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CA2664112A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
MX2009005908A (es) | 2009-06-16 |
IL199075A (en) | 2014-09-30 |
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EP2102208A1 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
US20100035909A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
CN101541796A (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
ES2483866T3 (es) | 2014-08-08 |
RU2009125578A (ru) | 2011-01-20 |
JP5290192B2 (ja) | 2013-09-18 |
US8158643B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 |
JP2010511666A (ja) | 2010-04-15 |
AU2007328979B2 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
RU2461558C2 (ru) | 2012-09-20 |
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EP2102208B1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
CA2664112C (en) | 2015-02-17 |
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