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CN101512253B - 制冷机和操作该制冷机的方法 - Google Patents

制冷机和操作该制冷机的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101512253B
CN101512253B CN2007800320597A CN200780032059A CN101512253B CN 101512253 B CN101512253 B CN 101512253B CN 2007800320597 A CN2007800320597 A CN 2007800320597A CN 200780032059 A CN200780032059 A CN 200780032059A CN 101512253 B CN101512253 B CN 101512253B
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Prior art keywords
evaporimeter
compressor
stop valve
condenser
refrigeration machine
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN101512253A (zh
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P·福蒂亚迪斯
H·伊勒
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02Defrosting cycles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/24Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2347/00Details for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion
    • F25B2347/02Details of defrosting cycles
    • F25B2347/023Set point defrosting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/26Problems to be solved characterised by the startup of the refrigeration cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/27Problems to be solved characterised by the stop of the refrigeration cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00Control issues
    • F25B2600/02Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00Control issues
    • F25B2600/23Time delays
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00Control issues
    • F25B2600/25Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2519On-off valves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B40/00Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于家用制冷器的制冷机包括被连接形成制冷剂回路的压缩机(1)、冷凝器(2)和蒸发器(5)。截止阀(3)设置在从冷凝器(2)到蒸发器(5)的制冷剂路径中。

Description

制冷机和操作该制冷机的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制冷机,尤其是家用制冷器具,以及涉及一种用于所述类型的制冷机的操作方法。
背景技术
制冷机通常包括连接在制冷剂回路中的压缩机、冷凝器和蒸发器。在工作过程中由压缩机压缩且被加热的制冷剂首先流过冷凝器,其中,它向热蓄存器释放热,且在该过程中冷凝;然后流过蒸发器,其中,它由于极大程度的膨胀而冷却下来,使得它能够从冷蓄存器吸收热量。这样蒸发的制冷剂流回到压缩机。
在制冷机的绝大部分应用中,特别是在家用制冷器具的情况下,压缩机不是连续地操作,而是压缩机的操作阶段和非操作阶段交替地进行。然而,在操作阶段,压缩机将冷凝器中的制冷剂始终保持在高压下,在蒸发器中将制冷剂保持在低压下,且当压缩机被断开时,在冷凝器与蒸发器之间产生压力均衡。在冷凝器中的压力下降导致在那里的绝热冷却,使得包含在制冷剂中的热能可能不再释放到热蓄存器。相反地,在蒸发器中,压力增大,使得蒸发器的温度、以及由蒸发器冷却的空间的温度以不利的方式增大。
为了使与压缩机的每次断开相关的能量损失最小化,显而易见的是使压缩机的操作阶段和非操作阶段尽可能长。然而,压缩机的长的操作阶段和非操作阶段可在蓄存器中引起极端的温度波动。例如如果冷蓄存器是制冷器的储存隔间,则温度的极端波动可导致冷下来的食物制品一时被不适当地冷却,从而,缩短了它们的储藏时间,或者它们由于过度冷却而遭到破坏。如果食物以比长期储存温度低几度的温度冷却,尽管在冷冻器的情况下很可能不会对冷冻食物造成损坏,但这种类型的临时的不必的低储存温度加强了热量从外部向储存隔间的流入,因此也是不经济的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种不同的解决方案,借助于所述解决方案,可提高间歇操作的制冷机的效率。
上述目的首先通过以下特征实现:在具有连接在制冷剂回路中的压缩机、冷凝器和蒸发器的制冷机的情况下,截止阀设置在从冷凝器到蒸发器的制冷剂路径中。由于所述阀每当蒸发器断开时关闭,因此,可在蒸发器的非操作阶段在冷凝器中保持高的压力。由于截止阀在压缩机被重新启动时打开,因此,借助于高的压力差膨胀且相应冷的制冷剂可立即在蒸发器中得到。不再需要压缩机的预备启动阶段,但在传统上,压缩机需要预备启动阶段,以在冷凝器与蒸发器之间建立冷却所需的压力差。
用于在压缩机断开时关闭截止阀、在压缩机接通时打开截止阀的控制单元有利地是制冷机的一部分。
控制单元可有利地设置成在压缩机断开时打开或不打开截止阀。特别是当蒸发器正被除霜时,压缩机断开时打开截止阀是有意义的,因为在这种情况下,借助于轻微的压力差膨胀、从而相应热的制冷剂向蒸发器的流入完全是有利的,以便实现快速的除霜。
为了进一步加速除霜过程,可为蒸发器设置电加热器。
为了判断是否需要除霜,控制单元可另外地连接到设置在蒸发器上的结冰传感器和/或定时器。
上述目的进一步通过一种用于操作上述类型的制冷机的方法实现,其中,压缩机间歇性地操作,且截止阀在压缩机断开时被关闭,或可以是这种情况:截止阀在压缩机接通时打开。
除霜特别是可以以时间控制的方式定期执行,或可在蒸发器的严重结冰被探测到时执行。
附图说明
下面,参看附图描述示例性实施例,将显见本发明的进一步的特征和优点。
图1示出了根据本发明的制冷机的框图。
具体实施方式
制冷机的制冷剂回路从压缩机1依次通过冷凝器2、截止阀3、节流器4和蒸发器5,返回到压缩机1。任何现有的设计、例如绕组蒸发器(woundevaporator)、线管蒸发器等适合作为蒸发器5;图中示意性示出的是板型蒸发器,所述板型蒸发器具有位于金属板上的成蜿蜒形延伸的管,成毛细管的形式的节流器4集成在板上。
制冷机是家用制冷器具的部件,其设计通常是公知的,因此在此未被示出。电子控制单元6借助于温度传感器7和结冰传感器8控制压缩机1的操作和截止阀3的状态-打开或关闭,所述温度传感器7安装在制冷器具的由蒸发器5冷却的储存隔间中,所述结冰传感器8设置在蒸发器5自身上。当压缩机1处于断开状态时,控制单元6将由温度传感器7报告的温度与可设定的上限值进行比较,且如果探测到已超过了极限值,它使压缩机1投入操作,且打开截止阀3。来自压缩机1的先前操作阶段的仍储存在冷凝器2中的处于高压下的制冷剂流过节流器4到达蒸发器5,且在该过程中膨胀和冷却下来。因此,当压缩机1接通时,在蒸发器5处可实际没有延迟地获得冷却能力。
根据压缩机1的启动性能,压缩机的启动时间和截止阀3的打开时间可相对彼此稍微偏错开,时间偏错选择成使由压缩机的启动和阀的打开引起的冷凝器2中的压力波动最小化。
在压缩机1运行时,控制单元6将由温度传感器7报告的温度与下限值比较,且如果温度下降到低于所述极限值,使压缩机1再次断开。此时进行检查,以判断结冰传感器8是否表示蒸发器5发生了将需要除霜的严重结冰。如果不是这种情况,控制单元6在压缩机1被断开的同时关闭截止阀3,以便在压缩机1的随后的非操作阶段中保持冷凝器2中的过压。
如果辨别需要除霜,这通常可能间隔多天就会发生,则截止阀3保持打开,且在冷凝器2与蒸发器5之间产生压力均衡。蒸发器5中的相关的压力增加一方面引起已包含在蒸发器5中的制冷剂的绝热加热;另一方面在压力均衡过程中流过节流器4的制冷剂的冷却随着压力差的下降而慢下来,使得在压力均衡过程即将结束时,渐热的制冷剂达到蒸发器5的上游区域,从而加热蒸发器5。此外,蒸发器5除霜所需的热量通过电加热器9提供,所述电加热器同样由控制单元6控制。
为了在除霜过程中使借助于制冷剂向蒸发器5的热量输入最大化,可使截止阀3在除霜过程中间歇性地打开。通过采用这种方式,压力均衡慢下来,且在压力均衡过程中在冷凝器2中膨胀并在该过程中冷却下来的制冷剂具有在冷凝器2本身中再次加热的机会,以便随后在压力均衡的此后阶段以如此较热的温度进入蒸发器5。
根据一个可选实施例,通过结冰传感器8对蒸发器5的结冰的直接监测可变换为例如通过与定时器(未示出)连接的控制单元6对结冰进行的间接估计,以便每次在通常形成有需要除霜的冰层的预定时段结束之后启动除霜过程。
可采取各种措施改善通过控制单元6对结冰的估计。因此,例如,控制单元6可连接到门开关,用于基于门打开的次数和/或它们的持续时间估计因门的打开而导入到器具中的湿气量,所述门开关在绝大部分家用制冷器具中被设置用于开关内部灯的开关。为了能够更准确地进行所述类型的估计,也可提供环境温度传感器,所述环境温度传感器能够估计环境空气的水分含量。

Claims (8)

1.一种家用制冷器具,具有制冷机,所述制冷机具有连接在制冷剂回路中的压缩机(1)、冷凝器(2)和蒸发器(5),以及具有设置在从冷凝器(2)到蒸发器(5)的制冷剂路径中的截止阀(3)、和控制单元(6),所述控制单元(6)被设置成在压缩机(1)接通时打开截止阀(3)、在压缩机(1)断开时打开或不打开截止阀(3),而且截止阀(3)被设置成:如果在压缩机(1)断开时打开,则在冷凝器(2)与蒸发器(5)之间产生压力均衡。
2.如权利要求1所述的家用制冷器具,其特征在于,控制单元(6)连接到设置在蒸发器(5)上的结冰传感器(8)和/或定时器。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的家用制冷器具,其特征在于,为蒸发器(5)设置电加热装置(9)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的家用制冷器具,其特征在于,节流器(4)设置在从截止阀(3)到蒸发器(5)的制冷剂路径中。
5.一种用于操作如权利要求1所述的家用制冷器具的方法,其中,压缩机(1)间歇性地操作,其特征在于,截止阀(3)在压缩机(1)断开时打开或关闭,且截止阀(3)在压缩机(1)接通时打开。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,为了对蒸发器(5)进行除霜,截止阀(3)在压缩机(1)断开时至少暂时地被打开。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,除霜操作定期执行。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,监测蒸发器(5)的结冰,且如果探测到蒸发器(5)的严重结冰,执行除霜。
CN2007800320597A 2006-08-29 2007-08-07 制冷机和操作该制冷机的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101512253B (zh)

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PCT/EP2007/058163 WO2008025650A1 (de) 2006-08-29 2007-08-07 Kältemaschine und betriebsverfahren dafür

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WO2008025650A1 (de) 2008-03-06
CN101512253A (zh) 2009-08-19
ES2396589T3 (es) 2013-02-22
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