CN101410447B - 导热性聚酰胺 - Google Patents
导热性聚酰胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101410447B CN101410447B CN2007800112490A CN200780011249A CN101410447B CN 101410447 B CN101410447 B CN 101410447B CN 2007800112490 A CN2007800112490 A CN 2007800112490A CN 200780011249 A CN200780011249 A CN 200780011249A CN 101410447 B CN101410447 B CN 101410447B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- thermoplastic molding
- molding composition
- copper
- component
- cui
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 title description 23
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000009757 thermoplastic moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920006345 thermoplastic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 alkaline earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
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- FIASKJZPIYCESA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;octacosanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O FIASKJZPIYCESA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0041—Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
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- C08K5/005—Stabilisers against oxidation, heat, light, ozone
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Abstract
包含A)19.9-59.9重量%的热塑性聚酰胺、B)40-80重量%的氧化铝或氧化镁或其混合物、C)0.1-2重量%的苯胺黑、D)0-20重量%的其它添加剂的热塑性模塑材料,其中A)-D)的重量百分数之和为100%。
Description
本发明涉及热塑性模塑组合物,包含:
A)19.9-59.9重量%的热塑性聚酰胺
B)40-80重量%的氧化铝或氧化镁或其混合物
C)0.1-2重量%的苯胺黑
D)0-20重量%的其它添加剂,
其中A)-D)的总重量百分数为100%。
本发明进一步涉及本发明模塑组合物在生产纤维、箔或任何类型模制品中的用途,以及可由此获得的模制品。
例如由EP-A 813 568已知向热稳定的增强PA组合物中加入苯胺黑。由JP-A63/270 761已知包含MgO或包含氧化铝的PA组合物。
已知通过添加矿物或金属填料可以增加聚合物的热导率(TC)。为了获得显著效果,需要添加大量的填料,而这对于该复合材料的加工性以及由此得到的模制品的机械性能和表面质量有不利影响。
因此本发明的目的是提供具有良好加工性的模塑组合物,该模塑组合物可以加工成具有提高的热导率和良好的机械性能(特别是韧性)的模制品。
因此,发现了开始定义的模塑组合物。从属权利要求给出了优选的实施方案。
本发明的模塑组合物包含19.9-59.9重量%,优选20-49.8重量%,特别是27-49重量%的至少一种聚酰胺作为组分A)。
根据ISO 307,在25℃下,在96重量%浓度的硫酸中的0.5重量%浓度的溶液中测定,本发明模塑组合物的聚酰胺的粘数通常为70-350ml/g,优选为70-170ml/g。
优选分子量(重均)至少为5000的半结晶或无定形树脂,例如在美国专利说明书2 071 250、2 071 251、2 130 523、2 130 948、2 241 322、2 312 966、2 512 606和3 393 210中描述的那些。
这些聚酰胺的实例为由具有7-13个环成员的内酰胺衍生而来的聚酰胺,例如聚己内酰胺、聚辛内酰胺和聚月桂内酰胺,以及由二羧酸和二胺反应得到的聚酰胺。
可以使用的二羧酸为具有6-12个,特别是6-10个碳原子的链烷二羧酸和芳族二羧酸。这里仅可以作为实例提到的酸是己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸和对苯二甲酸和/或间苯二甲酸。
特别合适的二胺为具有6-12个,特别是6-8个碳原子的链烷二胺,以及间苯二甲胺、二(4-氨基苯基)甲烷、二(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、2,2-二(4-氨基苯基)丙烷、2,2-二(4-氨基环己基)丙烷或1,5-二氨基-2-甲基戊烷。
优选的聚酰胺是聚己二酰己二胺、聚癸二酰己二胺和聚己内酰胺,以及尼龙-6/6,6共聚酰胺,特别是具有比例为5-95重量%的己内酰胺单元的聚酰胺。
可以在水的存在下将ω-氨基烷基腈,例如氨基己腈(PA6)以及己二腈与1,6-己二胺(PA66)通过已知的直接聚合而获得其它合适的聚酰胺,例如在DE-A 10313681、EP-A 1198491和EP 922065中有所描述。
例如,还可以提及的是可通过在高温下缩合1,4-二氨基丁烷与己二酸获得的聚酰胺(尼龙4,6)。例如在EP-A 38 094、EP-A 38 582和EP-A 39 524中描述了这种结构聚酰胺的制备方法。
其它合适的聚酰胺的实例为可通过两种或更多种上述单体的共聚获得的聚酰胺,以及两种或更多种聚酰胺以任何所需比例混合的混合物。
已经证明特别有利的其它聚酰胺为半芳族共聚酰胺,如PA6/6T和PA66/6T,其中三胺含量低于0.5重量%,优选低于0.3重量%(见EP-A 299 444)。
可以使用EP-A 129 195和129 196中描述的方法制备优选的三胺含量低的半芳族共聚酰胺。
以下列表(并不全面)包括所提到的聚酰胺A)和其它适合本发明目的的聚酰胺A)以及存在的单体:
AB聚合物:
PA 4 吡咯烷酮
PA 6 ∈-己内酰胺
PA 7 庚内酰胺(Ethanolactam)
PA 8 辛内酰胺
PA 9 9-氨基壬酸
PA 11 11-氨基十一烷酸
PA 12 月桂内酰胺
AA/BB聚合物:
PA 46 1,4-丁二胺,己二酸
PA 66 1,6-己二胺,己二酸
PA 69 1,6-己二胺,壬二酸
PA 610 1,6-己二胺,癸二酸
PA 612 1,6-己二胺,癸烷二甲酸
PA 613 1,6-己二胺,十一烷二甲酸
PA 1212 1,12-十二烷二胺,癸烷二甲酸
PA 1313 1,13-二氨基十三烷,十一烷二甲酸
PA 6T 1,6-己二胺,对苯二甲酸
PA MXD6 间苯二甲胺,己二酸
AA/BB聚合物:
PA 6I 1,6-己二胺,间苯二甲酸
PA 6-3-T 三甲基六亚甲基二胺,对苯二甲酸
PA 6/6T (见PA6和PA6T)
PA 6/66 (见PA6和PA66)
PA 6/12 (见PA6和PA12)
PA 66/6/610 (见PA66、PA6和PA610)
PA 6I/6T (见PA6I和PA6T)
PA PACM12 二氨基二环己基甲烷,月桂内酰胺
PA 6I/6T/PACM如PA6I/6T+二氨基二环己基甲烷
PA 12/MACMI月桂内酰胺,二甲基二氨基二环己基甲烷,间苯二甲酸
PA 12/MACMT月桂内酰胺,二甲基二氨基二环己基甲烷,对苯二甲酸
PA PDA-T 苯二胺,对苯二甲酸
本发明所述热塑性模塑组合物包含40-80重量%的氧化铝或氧化镁或其混合物作为组分B)。本发明模塑组合物中B)的比例优选为50-70重量%,特别是50-60重量%。
合适氧化物的纵横比优选小于10,更优选小于7.5,特别是小于5。
根据DIN66131,优选氧化物的BET表面积小于或等于14m2/g,优选小于或等于10m2/g。
根据ISO 13320 EN激光粒度测定法,适宜的平均颗粒直径(d50)为0.2-20μm,优选为0.3-15μm,特别是0.35-10μm。
可以从例如Almatis在商业上获得这类产品。
本发明模塑组合物包含0.1-2重量%,优选0.2-1.5重量%,特别是0.25-1重量%的苯胺黑作为组分C)。
苯胺黑通常是涉及对氮蒽蓝且采取各种形式(水溶性、油溶性、醇溶性)的一组黑色或灰色吩嗪染料(吖嗪染料),用在羊毛染色和羊毛印花、丝绸染黑以及皮革、鞋油、清漆、塑料、烘烤喷漆、油墨等的着色中,还可用作显微染料。
通过加热硝基苯、苯胺和盐酸苯胺与金属铁和FeCl3而从工业上获得苯胺黑(该名称来自于拉丁文皂脚=黑色)。
组分C)可以以游离碱的形式或以盐的形式(例如盐酸盐)使用。
可以例如在Rmpp在线电子百科全书(the electronic encyclopediaRmpp Online),2.8版,Thieme-Verlag Stuttgart(2006),关键词“苯胺黑”中找到关于苯胺黑的其它详细资料。
本发明模塑组合物包含0-20重量%,优选至多10重量%其它添加剂作为组分D)。
本发明模塑组合物包含0-3重量%,优选0.05-3重量%,更优选0.1-1.5重量%,特别是0.1-1重量%的润滑剂作为组分D)。
优选铝、碱金属或碱土金属盐,或具有10-44个碳原子,优选14-44个碳原子的脂肪酸的酯或酰胺。
金属离子优选为碱土金属和铝,特别优选钙或镁。
优选的金属盐为硬脂酸钙和褐煤酸钙,以及硬脂酸铝。
还可以使用以任何所需比例混合的各种盐的混合物。
羧酸可以是一元酸或二元酸。可以提及的实例是壬酸、棕榈酸、月桂酸、十七烷酸、十二烷二酸、山萮酸,以及特别优选的是硬脂酸、癸酸以及褐煤酸(具有30-40个碳原子的脂肪酸的混合物)。
脂族醇可以是一元至四元醇。醇的实例为正丁醇或正辛醇、硬脂醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇、季戊四醇,优选甘油和季戊四醇。
脂族胺可以是一元至三元胺。脂族胺的实例为硬脂胺、乙二胺、丙二胺、1,6-己二胺、二(6-氨基己基)胺,优选乙二胺和1,6-己二胺。优选的酯或酰胺为相应的甘油二硬脂酸酯、甘油三硬脂酸酯、二硬脂酰乙二胺、甘油单棕榈酸酯、甘油三月桂酸酯、甘油单山萮酸酯和季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯。
还可以使用以任何所需比例混合的各种酯或酰胺或酯与酰胺结合的混合物。
本发明模塑组合物可以包含选自铜化合物、空间位阻酚、空间位阻脂族胺和/或芳香胺的热稳定剂或抗氧化剂或其混合物作为其它组分D)。
本发明模塑组合物可以包含0.05-3重量%,优选0.1-1.5重量%,特别是0.1-1重量%的铜化合物或空间位阻酚或胺稳定剂或其混合物,优选铜化合物呈卤化铜(I)的形式,特别是与碱金属卤化物(优选KI)以特别是1:4的比例混合。
优选使用的单价铜盐为乙酸亚铜、氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜和碘化亚铜。基于聚酰胺,这些材料包含5-500ppm,优选10-250ppm的铜盐。
如果铜以分子分布存在于聚酰胺中则会获得特别有利的性能。这在将包含聚酰胺、单价铜盐和碱金属卤化物的浓缩物以均相固溶液形式加入该模塑组合物中时得以实现。例如典型的浓缩物由79-95重量%的聚酰胺和21-5重量%的由碘化铜或溴化铜和碘化钾组成的混合物组成。在该均相固溶液中铜的浓度基于该溶液的总重优选为0.3-3重量%,特别是0.5-2重量%,并且碘化亚铜与碘化钾的摩尔比为1-11.5,优选为1-5。
适于该浓缩物的聚酰胺为均聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,特别是尼龙6和尼龙66。
合适的空间位阻酚原则上可以是任何具有酚结构并在酚环上具有至少一个大体积基团的化合物。
例如可以使用下式化合物:
其中R1和R2为烷基、取代烷基或取代三唑基,其中基团R1和R2可以相同或不同,R3为烷基、取代烷基、烷氧基或取代氨基。
例如在DE-A 27 02 661(US-A4 360 617)中描述了所提到类型的抗氧化剂。
另一类优选的空间位阻酚是由取代苯羧酸,特别是取代苯丙酸衍生的那些。
从这一类中特别优选的化合物为下式化合物:
其中R4、R5、R7和R8彼此独立地为自身可以带有取代基(其中至少有一个是大体积基团)的C1-C8烷基,R6为具有1-10个碳原子且其主链可以有C-O键的脂族二价基团。
对应于该式的优选化合物是
以下所有的物质均应作为空间位阻酚的实例提及:2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,6-己二醇双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]、季戊四醇四[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二硬脂基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸2,6,7-三氧杂-1-磷杂双环[2.2.2]辛-4-基甲基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基-3,5-二硬脂基硫代三唑基胺、2-(2’-羟基-3’-羟基-3’,5’-二叔丁基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2,6-二叔丁基-4-羟基甲基苯酚、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基二甲基胺。
已证明特别有效且因此优选使用的化合物是2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,6-己二醇双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯(259)、季戊四醇四[3-(3,5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]以及N,N’-六亚甲基双-3,5二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰胺(1098),且来自Ciba Geigy的上述产品245具有特别好的适用性。
基于模塑组分A)-E)的总重,该物料包含0.05-3重量%,优选0.1-1.5重量%,特别是0.1-1重量%的酚类抗氧化剂,其可以单独使用或以混合物的形式使用。
在一些情况下,已证明相对酚羟基的邻位具有不多于一个空间位阻基团的空间位阻酚是特别有利的;尤其是在漫射光中存储延长的周期时评价色牢度时。
本发明的模塑组合物可以包含0-3重量%,优选0.01-2重量%的胺类稳定剂,优选0.05-1.5重量%的胺稳定剂。空间位阻胺化合物具有优选的适用性。可以使用的化合物的实例是下式那些:
其中,
R为相同的或不同的烷基,
R’为氢或烷基,和
A为任选取代的2或3元亚烷基链。
优选的组分是2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的衍生物,例如4-乙酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-芳酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-甲氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-苯甲酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-苯氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-苄氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-(苯基氨基甲酰氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶。
其它合适的化合物是草酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、丙二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、己二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯、对苯二甲酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1,2-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基氧基)乙烷、六亚甲基-1,6-二氨基甲酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、己二酸双(1-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-联哌啶基)酯和苯-1,3,5-三甲酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯。
此外其它具有特别好的适用性的化合物是相对高分子量的哌啶衍生物,如琥珀酸二甲基酯与4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-7-哌啶基乙醇的聚合物,或聚-6-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基-1,6-己烷二基(2,2,6,6-四甲基-14-哌啶基)亚氨基,这些化合物均具有特别好的适用性,正如癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯一样。
根据本发明可以使用的稳定剂的其它特别优选的实例是基于仲芳胺的那些,例如由苯二胺与丙酮衍生的加合物(A)、由苯二胺与亚油精衍生的加合物、445(II)、N,N′-二萘基对苯二胺(III)、N-苯基-N′-环己基对苯二胺(IV),或其两种或更多种的混合物:
例如,其它常规添加剂D)为至多10重量%,优选1-5重量%的弹性聚合物(也常称为冲击改性剂、弹性体或橡胶)。
这些通常为优选由至少两种以下单体构成的共聚物:乙烯、丙烯、丁二烯、异丁烯、异戊二烯、氯丁二烯、乙酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯、丙烯腈和在醇组分中具有1-18个碳原子的丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯。
例如,在Houben-Weyl,Methoden der organischen Chemie,第14/1卷(Georg-Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart,德国,1961年),第392-406页以及C.B.Bucknall的专论“Toughened Plastics”(Applied Science Publishers,英国伦敦,1977年)中描述了这类聚合物。
下面描述了这些弹性体的一些优选类型。
这些弹性体的优选类型是已知为乙烯-丙烯(EPM)和乙烯-丙烯-二烯(EPDM)橡胶的那些。
EPM橡胶通常实际上没有残留的双键,而EPDM橡胶每100个碳原子可具有1-20个双键。
可以提及的用于EPDM橡胶的二烯单体的实例是共轭二烯如异戊二烯和丁二烯,具有5-25个碳原子的非共轭二烯如1,4-戊二烯、1,4-己二烯、1,5-己二烯、2,5-二甲基-1,5-己二烯和1,4-辛二烯,环状二烯如环戊二烯、环己二烯、环辛二烯和二聚环戊二烯,以及链烯基降冰片烯如5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯、5-亚丁基-2-降冰片烯、2-甲代烯丙基-5-降冰片烯和2-异丙烯基-5-降冰片烯,和三环二烯如3-甲基三环[5.2.1.02,6]-3,8-癸二烯,以及这些的混合物。优选1,5-己二烯、5-亚乙基降冰片烯和二聚环戊二烯。基于EPDM橡胶的总重,该橡胶的二烯含量优选为0.5-50重量%,特别是1-8重量%。
也可以优选将EPM和EPDM橡胶用反应性羧酸或其衍生物接枝。实例是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和其衍生物,例如(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯以及马来酸酐。
乙烯与丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸和/或与这些酸的酯的共聚物是另一组优选的橡胶。该橡胶还可以包括二羧酸如马来酸和富马酸,或者这些酸的衍生物如酯和酐,和/或包含环氧基的单体。优选通过向单体混合物中添加包含二羧酸基和/或环氧基且具有通式I、II、III或IV的单体将这些包含二羧酸衍生物或包含环氧基的单体引入该橡胶中:
R1C(COOR2)=C(COOR3)R4 (I)
其中R1-R9为氢或具有1-6个碳原子的烷基,m为0-20的整数,g为0-10的整数,p为0-5的整数。
R1-R9优选为氢,其中m为0或1且g为1。相应的化合物为马来酸、富马酸、马来酸酐、烯丙基缩水甘油醚和乙烯基缩水甘油醚。
优选的式I、II和IV的化合物为马来酸、马来酸酐和包含环氧基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯如丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,以及与叔醇的酯如丙烯酸叔丁酯。尽管后者没有游离的羧基,但是它们的性能接近游离酸的性能,因此它们被称为具有潜羧基的单体。
由50-98重量%乙烯、0.1-20重量%包含环氧基的单体和/或甲基丙烯酸和/或包含酐基的单体、余量为(甲基)丙烯酸酯组成的共聚物是有利的。
特别优选的是由以下物质组成的共聚物:
50-98重量%,特别是55-95重量%的乙烯,
0.1-40重量%,特别是0.3-20重量%的丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和/或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、(甲基)丙烯酸和/或马来酸酐,以及
1-45重量%,特别是5-40重量%的丙烯酸正丁酯和/或丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯。
其它优选的(甲基)丙烯酸酯为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丁基和叔丁基酯。
除了这些以外,可以使用的共聚单体为乙烯基酯和乙烯基醚。
上述乙烯共聚物可以通过本身已知的方法制备,优选通过在高压和高温下无规共聚。合适的方法是众所周知的。
其它优选的弹性体是乳液聚合物,其制备方法例如描述于Blackley的专论“乳液聚合”。可以使用本身已知的乳化剂和催化剂。
原则上可以使用均匀结构弹性体或具有壳式结构的那些。该壳式结构通过各单体的加入顺序决定。聚合物的形态也受该加入顺序影响。
这里仅作为实例可以提及的用于制备弹性体的橡胶部分的单体为丙烯酸酯如丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、相应的甲基丙烯酸酯、丁二烯和异戊二烯,以及这些的混合物。这些单体可以与其它单体如苯乙烯、丙烯腈、乙烯基酯以及与其它丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯或丙烯酸丙酯共聚。
弹性体的软相或橡胶相(玻璃化转变温度低于0℃)可以是核、外层或中间壳(弹性体具有两层以上壳的结构的情况)。具有多于一层壳的弹性体也可以有具有多于一层由橡胶相组成的壳。
如果在弹性体的结构中除了橡胶相还包含一种或多种硬组分(玻璃化转变温度高于20℃),则这些通常由作为主要单体的苯乙烯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、α-甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯,或丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯或甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合而制备。除了这些,还可以使用比例相对小的其它共聚单体。
已证明在一些情况下使用表面具有活性基团的乳液聚合物是有利的。这类基团的实例是环氧基、羧基、潜羧基、氨基和酰胺基,以及可以通过伴随使用以下通式单体而引入的官能基团:
其中取代基可以定义如下:
R10为氢或C1-C4烷基,
R11为氢、C1-C8烷基或芳基,尤其是苯基,
R12为氢、C1-C10烷基、C6-C12芳基或-OR13,
R13为C1-C8烷基或C6-C12芳基,其可以任选被包含O的基团或包含N的基团取代,
X为化学键、C1-C10亚烷基或C6-C12亚芳基,或
Y为O-Z或NH-Z,以及
Z为C1-C10亚烷基或C6-C12亚芳基。
EP-A 208 187中描述的接枝单体也适于在表面引入反应性基团。
其它可以提及的实例是丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺和取代的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯如甲基丙烯酸(N-叔丁基氨基)乙酯、丙烯酸(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙酯、丙烯酸(N,N-二甲基氨基)甲酯和丙烯酸(N,N-二乙基氨基)乙酯。
橡胶相颗粒还可以已交联。交联单体的实例是1,3-丁二烯、二乙烯基苯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯和丙烯酸二氢二聚环戊二烯基酯,以及在EP-A 50265中描述的化合物。
还可以使用作为接枝-键合单体已知的单体,即具有在聚合期间以不同速率反应的两个或更多个可聚合双键的单体。在优选使用的这类化合物中至少一个反应性基团以与其它单体大致相同的速率聚合,而另一个反应性基团(或多个反应性基团)例如显著更慢地聚合。不同的聚合速率在橡胶中产生某一比例的不饱和双键。如果随后将另一相接枝到该类橡胶上,至少一些存在于该橡胶中的双键则与接枝单体反应形成化学键,即接枝其上的相在一定程度上与接枝基体化学键合。
这类接枝-键合单体的实例为包含烯丙基的单体,特别是烯键式不饱和羧酸烯丙基酯,例如丙烯酸烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、马来酸二烯丙酯、富马酸二烯丙酯和衣康酸二烯丙酯,以及这些二羧酸的相应单烯丙基化合物。除了这些还有其它各种合适的接枝-键合单体。其它详情例如可参考US-A 4 148 846。
基于冲击改性聚合物,这些交联单体在冲击改性聚合物中的比例通常为至多5重量%,优选不超过3重量%。
以下列出了一些优选的乳液聚合物。这里首先可以提及的接枝聚合物具有核和至少一个外壳,且具有以下结构:
类型 | 核单体 | 外层单体 |
I | 1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸乙基己基酯或这些的混合物 | 苯乙烯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯 |
II | 同I,但是伴随使用交联剂 | 同I |
III | 同I或II | 丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯、丙烯酸乙基己基酯 |
IV | 同I或II | 同I或II,但是伴随使用本文所述具有反应性基团的单体 |
V | 苯乙烯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或这些的混合物 | 由I和II所述单体组成的第一层作为核,由I或IV所述第二层作为外层 |
代替具有一层以上壳结构的接枝聚合物,还可以使用均匀即单壳弹性体,其由1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯和丙烯酸正丁酯或这些的共聚物组成。这些产品还可以通过伴随使用交联单体或具有反应性基团的单体而制备。
优选乳液聚合物的实例是丙烯酸正丁酯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、丙烯酸正丁酯-丙烯酸缩水甘油酯或丙烯酸正丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物、具有由丙烯酸正丁酯组成的或基于丁二烯的内核且具有由上述共聚物组成的外层的接枝聚合物,以及乙烯与提供反应性基团的共聚单体的共聚物。
还可以通过其它常规方法如悬浮聚合制备所述弹性体。
如在DE-A 37 25 576、EP-A 235 690、DE-A 38 00 603和EP-A 319 290中所述,还优选硅橡胶。
当然,还可以使用以上所列种类橡胶的混合物。
可以提及的纤维状或颗粒状填料D)为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玻璃珠、无定形二氧化硅、硅酸钙、偏硅酸钙、碳酸镁、高岭土、白垩、石英粉、云母、硫酸钡和长石,用量为至多20重量%,特别是1-15重量%。
可以提及的优选纤维状填料为碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维和钛酸钾纤维,特别优选的是E玻璃形式的玻璃纤维。这些可以以粗纱或以市售形式的切断玻璃纤维使用。
可以用硅烷化合物将该纤维状填料进行表面预处理以提高与热塑性材料的相容性。
合适的硅烷化合物具有如下通式:
(X-(CH2)n)k-Si-(O-CmH2m+1)4-k
其中:
X为
n为2-10的整数,优选3-4,
m为1-5的整数,优选1-2,
k为1-3的整数,优选1。
优选的硅烷化合物为氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氨基丁基三甲氧基硅烷、氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和氨基丁基三乙氧基硅烷,以及相应的包含缩水甘油基作为取代基X的硅烷。
一般用于表面涂层的硅烷化合物的量为0.01-2重量%,优选0.025-1.0重量%,特别是0.05-0.5重量%(基于该纤维状填料)。
针状矿物填料也是合适的。
对本发明而言,针状矿物填料为具有强发展针状特性的矿物填料。实例为针状硅灰石。优选该矿物的L/D(长度与直径)比为8:1至35:1,优选8:1至11:1。如果合适,该矿物填料可以用上述硅烷化合物预处理,但是该预处理不是必需的。
其它可以提及的填料为高岭土、煅烧高岭土、硅灰石、滑石和白垩,以及层状或针状纳米填料,这些填料的量优选为0.1-10%。用于此目的的材料优选为勃姆石、膨润土、蒙脱石、蛭石、锂蒙脱石和锂藻土(laponite)。该层状纳米填料通过现有技术的方法进行有机改性,以使其与有机胶粘剂具有良好的相容性。向本发明的纳米复合材料中添加层状或针状纳米填料还增加了机械强度。
本发明的热塑性模塑组合物可以包含如下常规加工助剂作为组分D),如稳定剂、氧化抑制剂、阻止热分解和紫外线分解的试剂、润滑剂和脱模剂、着色剂如染料和颜料、成核剂、增塑剂、阻燃剂等。
可以提及的氧化抑制剂和热稳定剂的实例为空间位阻酚和其它胺类(如TAD)、氢醌、这些类的各种取代形式以及这些的混合物,其浓度基于该热塑性模塑组合物的重量至多为1重量%。
可以提及的UV稳定剂为各种取代的间苯二酚、水杨酸酯、苯并三唑和二苯甲酮,其通常的用量基于该模塑组合物为至多2重量%。
可以添加的着色剂为无机颜料如二氧化钛、群青蓝、氧化铁和碳黑和/或石墨,以及有机颜料如酞菁、喹吖啶酮和苝,以及染料如苯胺黑和蒽醌。
可以使用的成核剂为苯基次膦酸钠、氧化铝、二氧化硅,且优选滑石。
可以通过本身已知的方法制备本发明的热塑性模塑组合物,通过在常规混合装置如螺杆挤出机、Brabender混合机或Banbury混合机中混合起始组分,然后挤出它们。然后冷却并粉碎该挤出物。还可以预混各组分,然后单独和/或同样以混合物的形式加入剩余的原料。混合温度通常为230-320℃。
在另一个优选的程序中,可以将组分B)和C)以及合适的话D)与预聚物混合,复合并造粒。然后将所得颗粒在惰性气体下在低于组分A)熔点的温度下连续或分批地进行固相缩合,直至达到所需粘度。
本发明热塑性模塑组合物的特点是良好的流动性和良好的机械性能,以及显著提高的导热性。
它们适于生产纤维、箔或任何类型模制品。以下提到一些优选的实例:
所述模塑组合物适于提高来自热源的热的消散。
消散的热可以是来自电气模块的功率损失或经由加热元件有意产生的热。
具有功率损失的电气模块例如是CPU、电阻器、IC、电池、蓄电池、发动机、线圈、继电器、二极管、导电轨道等。
热的消散需要热源与模塑组合物之间的最大有效接触以能够通过该模塑组合物从热源向环境(气态、液态、固态)放热。为了提高接触质量,还可以使用已知为导热糊的物质。当将模塑组合物注入热源周围时得到了最好的除热功能。
该模塑组合物还适于生产热交换器。通常为相对热的介质(气态、液态)穿过热交换器且在该过程中通过壁向相对冷的介质(通常也是气态或液态)放热。这些装置的实例为家用加热器或汽车用散热器。关于所述模塑组合物在生产热交换器中的适用性,重点不是放在其中热传送的方向,热和/或冷介质是否有效循环或自由对流并不重要。然而,不考虑所用壁的材料,通常通过有效循环提高相关介质之间的热交换。
实施例
使用如下组分:
组分A/1:
组分A/2:
组分B:
B/1氧化铝CL4400 FG:99.8%Al2O3,BET表面积为0.6m2/g,D50为5.6μm
B/2氧化铝CT10 SG:99.55%Al2O3,BET表面积为13m2/g,D50为3μm
B/3氧化铝A16 SG:99.8%Al2O3,BET表面积为8.9m2/g,D50为0.4μm,D90为1.5μm
B/4氧化铝P30:99%Al2O3,BET表面积为13m2/g,D50为10μm
组分C:
油溶苯胺黑BA(=C.I.溶剂黑7),Lanxess的市售产品。
组分D/1:
CuI/KI(摩尔比1:4)
组分D/2:
Flexamin:约65%的衍生自二苯胺和丙酮/甲醛的缩合物和约35%的4,4’-二苯基对苯二胺
组分D/3:
组分D/4:
33重量%碳黑和67重量%聚乙烯的碳黑母料。
组分D/5:
硬脂酸钙
组分D/6:
亚乙基双硬脂酰胺。
在生产能力为10kg/h且温度约为280℃的ZSK 30中制备该模塑组合物。将组分B)从2个进料点加入A)的熔体中。
进行如下试验:
根据ISO 527的拉伸试验,
冲击强度(却贝11U):ISO 179-1
VN:根据ISO 307,在96%浓硫酸中c=5g/l
螺旋流(flow spiral):BASF方法:熔融温度275℃,模具温度80℃,螺旋流高度为2mm,注射压力为1000巴,
导热性:激光闪光法,使用Netzsch的设备LFA 447,
表面质量:
对于注塑板的主观评价(熔融温度275℃,模具温度80℃)
+:没有/几乎没有可辨别的填料渗出
o:可辨别的填料渗出
-:非常明显的填料渗出
根据DIN 66131的BET
根据ISO 13320 EN通过激光粒度测定法测定d50/d90
在表中给出了该模塑组合物的组成和试验结果。
Claims (28)
1.一种热塑性模塑组合物,包含
A)19.9-59.9重量%的热塑性聚酰胺
B)40-80重量%的氧化铝或氧化镁或其混合物
C)0.1-2重量%的苯胺黑
D)0-20重量%的其它添加剂
其中A)-D)的总重量百分数为100%。
2.如权利要求1所述的热塑性模塑组合物,包含至少一种选自含铜稳定剂或空间位阻酚或胺稳定剂及这些的混合物的稳定剂作为组分D)。
3.如权利要求1所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中组分B)的纵横比小于10。
4.如权利要求2所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中组分B)的纵横比小于10。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中组分B)根据DIN 66131的BET表面积小于或等于14m2/g。
6.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中组分B)的平均颗粒直径d50根据ISO 13320 EN激光粒度测定法为0.2-20μm。
7.如权利要求5所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中组分B)的平均颗粒直径d50根据ISO 13320 EN激光粒度测定法为0.2-20μm。
8.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中组分A)的粘数VN根据ISO 307为70-170ml/g。
9.如权利要求5所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中组分A)的粘数VN根据ISO 307为70-170ml/g。
10.如权利要求6所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中组分A)的粘数VN根据ISO 307为70-170ml/g。
11.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中使用选自Al或碱金属或碱土金属盐或具有10-44个碳原子的脂肪酸的酯或酰胺或这些的混合物的润滑剂作为其它组分D)。
12.如权利要求5所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中使用选自Al或碱金属或碱土金属盐或具有10-44个碳原子的脂肪酸的酯或酰胺或这些的混合物的润滑剂作为其它组分D)。
13.如权利要求6所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中使用选自Al或碱金属或碱土金属盐或具有10-44个碳原子的脂肪酸的酯或酰胺或这些的混合物的润滑剂作为其它组分D)。
14.如权利要求8所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中使用选自Al或碱金属或碱土金属盐或具有10-44个碳原子的脂肪酸的酯或酰胺或这些的混合物的润滑剂作为其它组分D)。
15.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为卤化铜。
16.如权利要求5所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为卤化铜。
17.如权利要求6所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为卤化铜。
18.如权利要求8所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为卤化铜。
19.如权利要求11所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为卤化铜。
20.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为与KI结合的CuI,这里存在的KI的量基于CuI为4倍摩尔过量。
21.如权利要求5所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为与KI结合的CuI,这里存在的KI的量基于CuI为4倍摩尔过量。
22.如权利要求6所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为与KI结合的CuI,这里存在的KI的量基于CuI为4倍摩尔过量。
23.如权利要求8所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为与KI结合的CuI,这里存在的KI的量基于CuI为4倍摩尔过量。
24.如权利要求11所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为与KI结合的CuI,这里存在的KI的量基于CuI为4倍摩尔过量。
25.如权利要求15所述的热塑性模塑组合物,其中所述含铜稳定剂为与KI结合的CuI,这里存在的KI的量基于CuI为4倍摩尔过量。
26.权利要求1-25中任一项所述的热塑性模塑组合物在生产纤维、箔或任何类型模制品中的用途。
27.由权利要求1-25中任一项所述的热塑性模塑组合物得到的任何类型的模制品。
28.如权利要求27所述的模制品,其中所述模制品为纤维和箔。
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EP06111931 | 2006-03-29 | ||
PCT/EP2007/052728 WO2007113116A1 (de) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-22 | Wärmeleitfähige polyamide |
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CN101410447A CN101410447A (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
CN101410447B true CN101410447B (zh) | 2012-01-18 |
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JP (1) | JP2009531493A (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN101410447B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE456617T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0708925A2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE502007002744D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2339179T3 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY144314A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007113116A1 (zh) |
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EP3502174B1 (de) | 2017-12-22 | 2020-03-04 | EMS-Patent AG | Wärmeleitfähige polyamid-formmassen |
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BR112022010911A2 (pt) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-09-06 | Basf Se | Composição de poliamida, uso de composição de poliamida, modelagem e processo de produção de composições de poliamida |
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- 2007-03-22 ES ES07727204T patent/ES2339179T3/es active Active
- 2007-03-22 EP EP07727204A patent/EP2001951B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-03-22 US US12/295,100 patent/US20100311882A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-03-22 BR BRPI0708925-2A patent/BRPI0708925A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-03-22 CN CN2007800112490A patent/CN101410447B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-22 AT AT07727204T patent/ATE456617T1/de active
- 2007-03-22 DE DE502007002744T patent/DE502007002744D1/de active Active
- 2007-03-22 WO PCT/EP2007/052728 patent/WO2007113116A1/de active Application Filing
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2008
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2009531493A (ja) | 2009-09-03 |
ES2339179T3 (es) | 2010-05-17 |
KR20080108575A (ko) | 2008-12-15 |
MY144314A (en) | 2011-08-29 |
DE502007002744D1 (de) | 2010-03-18 |
US20100311882A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
ATE456617T1 (de) | 2010-02-15 |
CN101410447A (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
EP2001951B1 (de) | 2010-01-27 |
WO2007113116A1 (de) | 2007-10-11 |
BRPI0708925A2 (pt) | 2011-06-14 |
EP2001951A1 (de) | 2008-12-17 |
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