CN101353982A - Work-increasing piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Work-increasing piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101353982A CN101353982A CNA2007103052510A CN200710305251A CN101353982A CN 101353982 A CN101353982 A CN 101353982A CN A2007103052510 A CNA2007103052510 A CN A2007103052510A CN 200710305251 A CN200710305251 A CN 200710305251A CN 101353982 A CN101353982 A CN 101353982A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a piston type four-stroke internal-combustion engine with high mechanical efficiency. Compared with the prior art, the four-stroke internal-combustion engine of the invention corresponds to that a cylinder block is lengthened if the same discharge amount is available. The next stroke at the end of an air suction stroke is not a compression stroke but a push-back stroke. At the moment, an air inlet valve is not closed and a piston is firstly pushed back to ensure a part of gas in the cylinder returns to an air inlet channel. The air inlet valve is closed to enter the compression stroke when the piston is pushed back to a designed position, therefore, the push-back stroke and the compression stroke are combined into a complete stroke. An expansion stroke has a longer piston stroke than the compression stroke while only the piston stroke of the complete stroke combined by the push-back stroke and the compression stroke is equal to that of the expansion stroke, and an output stroke and the air suction stroke have the same piston stroke as the explosion stroke so as to increase the comparative compression ratio, thereby improving the mechanical efficiency of the internal-combustion and greatly improving the output efficiency of the engine in the same discharge amount so as to save energy, reduce emission and consumption.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine, especially can under the condition of equal discharge capacity, improve the working efficiency of quartastroke engine, the combustion efficiency that improves fuel, the piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine of energy saving significantly.
Background technique
At present, the maximum volume of the firing chamber of known piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine (claiming cylinder again) in four stroke procedure of proper functioning equates, the stroke of piston in four strokes is identical, and the work cycle of its four strokes is called Otto (Otto) circulation usually again.According to the hot machine working efficiency of Otto cycle formula: η=1-(V
b/ V
c)
1-γ, wherein η is a working efficiency, V
cBe the minimum volume of cylinder compressed mixed gas, V
bBe the maximum volume (displacement per cylinder) of cylinder, V
b/ V
cBe compression ratio; By formula as seen, in order to improve efficiency of engine, best bet is to dwindle V as far as possible under the certain situation of Vb
c, improve the gas pressure intensity at compression stroke end.Ideally, work as V
b/ V
c≈ 7, γ=7/5 o'clock, the substitution formula calculates: η=54%.But comprehensive various factors, as friction, heat radiation etc., η reality only is about 25%.Modern technologies be try every possible means to make fuel and air to mix more fully to make fuel more fully burning, increasing compression ratio, reduce friction, means such as opportunity are lighted in control accurately.Adopt these technological methods to obtain certain effect really, but still very limited to the working efficiency that improves piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine.At present, the working efficiency of piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine generally can not surpass 30%.Present problem is in the combustion gas at expansion stroke end High Temperature High Pressure also, and modern engine running is very fast, when the normal full power operation of motor, the expansion stroke time of single cylinder is about 1/1000 second, the yet following and fully burning of fuel like this, has nearly half energy not to be released, just in exhaust stroke, be discharged in vain, also wasted the bigger output power that motor may obtain originally when having wasted the energy.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine inefficiency, can not utilize more fully the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas in the expansion stroke energy with the burning inadequate deficiency, the present invention provides a kind of novel piston formula quartastroke engine, this motor can be by prolonging expansion stroke (also having prolonged fuel combustion process), shorten the stroke of compression stroke, make the stroke of piston in expansion stroke greater than compression stroke, the stroke of other two strokes is identical with expansion stroke, so just can utilize the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas in the expansion stroke more fully, thereby improve the output power and the working efficiency of motor significantly, reach energy-conservation, reduce discharging, the purpose of consumption reduction.Know-why of the present invention can be used on the piston type four-stroke internal combustion engines such as diesel engine, petrol engine, fuel combination machine.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: on the basis of former piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine, cylinder block is extended, as add and grow to the long twice of the internal combustion (IC) engine cylinder block that is equivalent to before this equal discharge capacity or more than the twice, in compression stroke, (cam) control air intake valve time of closing is decided to be when piston just closes originally when cylinder head is pushed to volume position when being equivalent to not increase cylinder, the gas that just is drawn onto cylinder block has a process (be called and push back stroke) that pushes back to gas-entered passageway here, it is compression stroke half stroke at last, push back stroke and compression stroke complete stroke at last just altogether, other three strokes then are the same with former design, are full strokes.Just be equivalent to increase expansion stroke, shortened compression stroke, promptly increased compression ratio V
b/ V
cAs original compression ratio is 7, behind employing the present invention, under equal discharge capacity, increases to original twice is an example with cylinder block, and compression ratio just is 14, and comply with ideally γ=7/5, and the substitution formula calculates: η=66%.Compare with former technology, the air pressure of former technique compresses stroke front air cylinder is negative pressure with respect to gas-entered passageway air pressure at that time, and the present invention is owing to there is a process that pushes back before compression stroke, the air pressure of cylinder is malleation with respect to gas-entered passageway air pressure at that time, therefore actual compression ratio is much larger than 14, and compression stroke only is about expansion stroke half, after adopting modern mature technology, it is fewer that actual working efficiency also decays, real work efficient is expected to reach more than 40%, promptly will improve more than 30% than the real work efficient of former technology.
Owing to adopt the present invention, the gas that pushes back in the stroke cylinder body before compression stroke has a process that pushes back to gas-entered passageway, therefore, it for cylinder body numbers such as 4 cylinders, 8 cylinders, 12 cylinders the motor of 4 multiple, since cylinder push back stroke with compression stroke at every turn the time corresponding the cylinder of similar number all can be arranged is suction stroke, the gas that pushes back will be absorbed by other cylinder, therefore can adopt the fuel supply technology of present maturation, such as fuel injection techniques, Manufacturing Technology for Carburetors etc.For the multiple of cylinder number right and wrong 4, as 2 cylinders, 6 cylinders, 10 cylinders etc., since cylinder push back stroke with compression stroke at every turn the time corresponding the cylinder of similar number is not necessarily arranged is suction stroke, the gas that pushes back differs and is absorbed by other cylinder surely, fuel direct injection technology in the cylinder in the time of then can adopting the compression stroke end.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, improved the working efficiency of piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine effectively, the high significantly output power of internal-combustion engine under equal discharge capacity, can play purpose energy-conservation, that reduce discharging, lower consumption, and can adopt existing mature technology, and the manufacturing process and the manufacture cost that increase are limited.
Description of drawings
Be one of embodiment with in-line four cylinder formula quartastroke engine below, contrast is the internal-combustion engine of equal discharge capacity before this, and the invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Fig. 1 is desirable Otto (Otto) cycle P-V figure of piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine before this.
Fig. 2 is a desirable P-V circular chart of the present invention
Fig. 3 is above-mentioned two circuit contrast P-V figure
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation of each stroke of in-line four cylinder formula quartastroke engine of the present invention when initial
Schematic representation when Fig. 5 is in-line four cylinder formula quartastroke engine half stroke.
In Fig. 4 Fig. 5, omitted the machine construction that part and the present invention have nothing to do.
Embodiment
Among Fig. 1, straight line ab is a suction stroke, and curve bc is a compression stroke, and straight line cd is the moment of the combination gas detonation of moment before the expansion stroke, and curve de is an expansion stroke, and straight line eb is an exhaust stroke.Wherein the area under the curve de is an internal-combustion engine expansion stroke institute work ideally, and the area that closed curve cdebc is surrounded is the output work of the actual acquisition of internal-combustion engine ideally.
Among Fig. 2, straight line ag is a suction stroke, and curve bc is a compression stroke, and straight line cd is the moment of the combination gas detonation of moment before the expansion stroke, and curve df is an expansion stroke, and straight line fg is an exhaust stroke,, straight line gb pushes back stroke.Wherein the area under the curve df is an internal-combustion engine expansion stroke institute work ideally, and the area that closed curve cdfgbc is surrounded is the output work of the actual acquisition of internal-combustion engine ideally.
Fig. 3 is the P-V circulation comparison diagram of two kinds of internal-combustion engines of Fig. 1 Fig. 2.Be easy to from figure just as can be seen: as under equal discharge capacity, the output work of internal-combustion engine of the present invention is far longer than and adopts the internal-combustion engine of technology before this, and the merit of its many outputs is the area that closed curve befgb is surrounded.The working efficiency that this shows internal-combustion engine has obtained to improve significantly.
Fig. 4 Fig. 5 is to be embodiment's internal combustion engine schematic flow sheet with the in-line four cylinder formula, and in this embodiment, the internal-combustion engine under the equal before this discharge capacity of the length of cylinder block contrast has extended one times.Among the figure: 1. air intake valve, 2. drain tap, 3. gas-entered passageway, 4. piston, 5. cylinder wall, wherein the arrow indication is the moving direction of piston in this stroke.
In Fig. 4, A cylinder, B cylinder, C cylinder, the residing working state of D cylinder just be expansion stroke, exhaust stroke, suction stroke successively, push back the initial position of stroke (before the compression stroke).D cylinder in Fig. 4 as can be seen, this cylinder just in time is in the initial position (contrasting before this, technology should be a compression stroke) that pushes back stroke, (technology should be to close before the contrast) that the air intake valve of this moment is still opened, this moment, piston pushed back to gas-entered passageway to the gas in the cylinder, meanwhile the C cylinder just in time is in suction stroke, sucks in the lump by gas-entered passageway the gas that pushes back from the D cylinder with from the gas that suction port enters.
In Fig. 5, each cylinder all just is in above-mentioned each stroke except that the D cylinder neutral position (half stroke position) then just is in the initial position of compression stroke for the D cylinder.The air intake valve of this moment is just closed, and with the compression stroke after finishing, that is to say to push back stroke and compression stroke is actually one-half stroke that these two strokes get up just can become a complete stroke altogether.
Can see thus, working principle of the present invention and technology broadly similar in the past, important difference is as under equal discharge capacity, cylinder block has extended, simultaneously, ensuing next stroke at first is that piston pushes back stroke (toward the cylinder head direction) after piston is finished suction stroke, the air intake valve of this moment is still opened, cylinder interior divides gas to be pushed back to gas-entered passageway, until piston arrives technology before be equivalent to adopt, cylinder when the position of overtime (then just is in the neutral position for the foregoing description), just do not close, and next is only compression stroke by air intake valve, these two strokes are half strokes, lump together just full stroke at last.Just cylinder of internal-combustion engine process of finishing a dust cycle is: suction stroke → push back stroke → compression stroke → expansion stroke → exhaust stroke → suction stroke.
Claims (3)
1. piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine, cylinder block, piston, air intake valve, drain tap and control system, bent axle, crankshaft-link rod, Fuel Control System, transmission system etc. are arranged in internal combustion engine body, it is characterized in that: as compare its cylinder block internal volume lengthening with the internal-combustion engine under the equal discharge capacity of technology before this, valve was not closed when the following one-stroke at the suction stroke end began, just close when piston pushes back to design attitude, enter compression stroke.
2. piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the following one-stroke at the suction stroke end is not compression stroke but pushes back stroke, this moment, air intake valve was not closed, piston at first pushes back and makes gas in the jar partly be back to gas-entered passageway, when pushing back to design attitude, piston just closes, enter compression stroke, Piston Compression gas pushes back stroke and compression stroke like this and is combined into a complete stroke.
3. piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: expansion stroke is longer than the piston stroke of compression stroke, it is just identical with expansion stroke with the piston stroke that compression stroke is combined into a full stroke to push back stroke, exhaust stroke is identical with the piston stroke of expansion stroke with suction stroke, and compression ratio increases relatively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007103052510A CN101353982A (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2007-12-27 | Work-increasing piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007103052510A CN101353982A (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2007-12-27 | Work-increasing piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101353982A true CN101353982A (en) | 2009-01-28 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007103052510A Pending CN101353982A (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2007-12-27 | Work-increasing piston type four-stroke internal combustion engine |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106368761A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-02-01 | 谢理才 | Piston reciprocating-type internal combustion engine with variable expansion ratio |
| CN107448302A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-08 | 徐宏久 | A kind of method for realizing Atkinson cycle |
-
2007
- 2007-12-27 CN CNA2007103052510A patent/CN101353982A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106368761A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-02-01 | 谢理才 | Piston reciprocating-type internal combustion engine with variable expansion ratio |
| CN107448302A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-08 | 徐宏久 | A kind of method for realizing Atkinson cycle |
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Open date: 20090128 |